2s5 hyacinth with 152 mm self-propelled gun. Russian flowers of large calibers: "Peony", "Hyacinth", "Tulip. What is Hyacinth capable of?

The artillery development program was approved. By this time, the M107 corps self-propelled guns were already in service with the US Army.

Characteristics: M107

Combat weight, t: 28.2;
Layout scheme: front-engine;
Crew, people: 5;
Case length, mm: 6459;
Length with gun forward, mm: 11 298;
Hull width, mm: 3150;
Height, mm: 3475;
Clearance, mm: 440;
Armor type: homogeneous rolled steel;
Gun caliber and brand: 175 mm M113;
Gun type: rifled;
Barrel length, calibers: 60;
Gun ammunition: 2;
Angles HV, degrees: −2...+65°;
GN angles, degrees: ±30°;
Firing range, km: 32.7;
Sights: artillery panorama M115, telescopic M116C;
Engine type: V-shaped 8-cylinder two-stroke liquid-cooled diesel;
Engine power, l. p.: 405 or 345;
Highway speed, km/h: 55;
Power reserve on the highway, km: 725;
Specific power, l. s./t 14.4 or 12.2;
Suspension type: individual torsion bar, with hydraulic shock absorbers;
Specific ground pressure, kg/cm²: 0.82;
Climbability, degrees: 30°;
Overcoming wall, m: 1.02;
Crossable moat, m: 2.14;
Crossable ford, m: 1.07.

The cessation in the USSR of work on the creation of almost all types of artillery weapons at the end of the 50s led to the backlog of domestic artillery from the United States and other NATO countries in a number of areas, and primarily in the field of self-propelled, heavy and long-range guns. History has proved the mistake of Soviet military strategists: despite the successful development of tactical and operational-tactical missiles, the role of long-range cannon artillery in local wars has not decreased, but increased. Thus, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, our advisers in China found themselves in an uncomfortable position. The Kuomintang set up batteries of American long-range guns on islands in the Taiwan Strait and opened fire on mainland China. The Chinese had nothing to answer. The most long-range 130-mm Soviet-made M-46 cannons did not reach the Kuomintang batteries. Fortunately, one of our specialists found an ingenious way out - to heat the charges and wait for a fair wind. They waited, heated up and got it, to the great surprise of the Americans.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the gun M-46

He was appointed the lead developer of 2S5, the 2A37 gun was designed at the Design Bureau of the Perm Machine-Building Plant named after V.I. Lenin, Moscow was responsible for the ammunition. By the spring of 1971, two ballistic mounts with a barrel length of 7200 mm were manufactured at the Perm Machine-Building Plant for testing the gun ammunition. However, as a result of untimely delivery of cartridge cases, tests were only started in September 1971 and continued until March 1972. Tests showed that the shells, when using a full charge of 18.4 kg, had an initial speed of 945 m / s, and a range of 28.5 km. On a reinforced charge weighing 21.8 kg, the range was 31.5 km, and the initial speed was 975 m / s. In this case, a strong effect of the muzzle wave was noted. To eliminate this remark, the mass of the powder charge was reduced to 20.7 kg, and a smooth nozzle was introduced on the gun barrel. In April 1972, the design of the gun was finalized, and by the end of the year, two prototypes of the 2A37 gun were sent to the Ural Transport Engineering Plant for installation in a self-propelled chassis. Prototypes of self-propelled guns 2S5 were sent first to the factory, and then to field tests. By 1974, the full test cycle of the Hyacinth-S self-propelled guns was completed, after which preparations for mass production began.

At the same time, on the basis of 2S5, another version of the self-propelled guns was developed under the designation 2S11 "Hyacinth-SK". The difference from the basic sample was the cap loading method, designed to reduce the cost of producing charges by excluding brass cases from the composition. In the course of the work, the scientific and technical groundwork was used for capped versions of self-propelled howitzers 2S1 Gvozdika and 2S3 Akatsiya, however, the version with separate-sleeve loading was finally accepted for production. On January 20, 1975, by decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 68-25, the 2S5 Giacint-S self-propelled gun was adopted by the Soviet Army.

Serial production and modifications

Comparative table of performance characteristics of various modifications of the ACS 2S5

Start of mass production
Combat weight, t
Gun index
Gun caliber, mm
Barrel length, klb
Angles VN, deg.
Carried ammunition, rds.
OFS, km
Maximum firing range AR OFS, km
Maximum firing range UAS, km

Intercom equipment

The first pilot batch of ACS 2S5 was manufactured in 1976, and since 1977 full-scale serial production has begun at the Ural Transport Engineering Plant. The manufacture of the 2A37 gun was carried out by the Lenin Perm Plant. The production of 2S5 continued until the collapse of the Soviet Union and was stopped in 1993. In just 17 years of production, up to 2000 units of 2S5 were produced.

After the cessation of mass production in the late 1990s, modernized versions of the 2S5 self-propelled guns were developed in Russia, which received the designations 2S5M and 2S5M1. The 2S5M modification differs from the base vehicle in the ASUNO 1V514-1 "Mechanizator-M" installation, as well as in the upgraded artillery unit, which allows the use of new 152-mm 3OF60 high-explosive fragmentation shells with a bottom gas generator with a maximum firing range of up to 37 km. The 2S5M1 modification differs from the 2S5M in the 155-mm artillery unit used, which allows the use of L15A1 shells with a firing range of up to 30 km, as well as ERFB BB shells with a firing range of up to 41 km. In 2004, while performing research work, an experimental model of the artillery system was made on the basis of the 2S5 self-propelled gun. Instead of a 152-mm 2A37 gun, a howitzer with ballistics of a promising 152-mm Coalition artillery mount was installed on the self-propelled guns.

Design description

armored corps

2S5 "Hyacinth-S" is made according to a turretless scheme with an open installation of guns.

The body of the vehicle is welded from rolled steel armored sheets and is divided into three compartments: power (motor-transmission), control compartment and combat. In front of the hull on the starboard side is the engine compartment. To his left is the driver's seat with chassis controls. Behind the seat of the driver's mechanic, a workplace for the commander of the vehicle with a rotary turret is installed. The fighting compartment is located in the middle and aft parts of the hull. In the middle part of the hull, mechanized stowage is installed to accommodate the portable ammunition load. On both sides of the stowage along the sides there are seats for the crew members. On the starboard side in front is the operator's seat, in the rear - the gunner. The operator's seat is installed on the port side.

Four fuel tanks, a mechanism for locking feed trays and a hatch for supplying ammunition from the fighting compartment are installed in the aft part of the hull. Beams with hinges are installed on the aft hull sheet, on which the ACS base plate is fixed. The artillery part of the self-propelled gun is installed on the roof on a turntable. The 2A37 gun has two positions - marching and combat. In the stowed position, the base plate is raised vertically and is located behind the rear stern sheet. In combat, the plate leans back with the help of a hydraulic system and rests on the ground. The loading mechanism and mechanized stacking provide an automated loading cycle. The loading mechanism is semi-automatic with a chain conveyor and an electric drive. With the help of the loading mechanism, the elements of the shots are moved to the firing line. When firing, the supply of shots can be carried out not only from the ammunition rack, but also from the ground. In the combat position of the self-propelled guns, the gunner is outside the body of the vehicle on a turntable to the left of the gun near the sights.

To protect against bullets and shrapnel, the gunner's workplace is equipped with an armored loophole. In front of the machine, on the lower part of the frontal sheet, a dump for self-digging is installed. The thickness of the front sheet is 30 mm.

Armament

152 mm OFS 3OF29

The main armament is a 152-mm 2A37 cannon, which has a maximum rate of fire of 5-6 rounds per minute. The main components of the 2A37 gun are: the barrel, the shutter, electrical equipment, the rammer, recoil devices, the upper machine, the fence, the balancing, swivel and lifting mechanisms. The barrel of the gun is a monoblock pipe connected to the breech by a coupling; a muzzle brake with an efficiency of 53% is fixed on the muzzle of the pipe. In the breech there is a horizontal-wedge gate with rock-type semi-automatic. The chain rammer of the projectile and charge is designed to facilitate the work of the loader. The recoil devices consist of a hydraulic recoil brake and a pneumatic knurler filled with nitrogen.

Sector-type lifting and turning mechanisms provide gun guidance in the range of angles from −4 to +60° vertically and from −15 to +15° horizontally. The pneumatic balancing mechanism serves to compensate for the moment of imbalance of the swinging part of the tool. The upper machine with the tool is mounted on the central pin in the rear part of the roof of the 2C5 chassis hull. The hinged base plate, located in the stern of the hull, transfers the forces of the shot to the ground, providing greater stability to the self-propelled guns. The portable ammunition of the self-propelled gun "Hyacinth-S" is 30 rounds.

The main ammunition of the 2A37 gun includes 3OF29 high-explosive fragmentation shells with a maximum firing range of 28.5 km, as well as 3OF59 shells with an improved aerodynamic design and a maximum firing range of 30.5 km. At present, high-precision Krasnopol and Centimeter projectiles have been developed for 2S5 to destroy armored vehicles in places where launchers are concentrated, long-term defensive structures, bridges and crossings.

Adjustable munitions: Daredevil (left) and Centimeter (right) - The whole range of high-precision corrective munitions designed against armored vehicles - from Daredevil to Centimeter

When firing guided projectiles, a special charge is used, which is different from those used in self-propelled guns 2S3 and 2S19. In addition to conventional types of ammunition, "Hyacinth-S" can fire special nuclear munitions of 10 types with a capacity of 0.1 to 2 kt in TNT. Additionally, the 2S5 self-propelled guns are equipped with a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. The machine gun is mounted on a rotating commander's turret, vertical guidance angles range from -6° to +15°, and horizontal guidance from 164° to the left to 8° to the right. For personal weapons of the calculation, there are five mounts for AKMS assault rifles, as well as a mount for a signal pistol. To combat enemy armored vehicles, the ACS hull has a mount for an RPG-7V anti-tank grenade launcher. In case of danger of an attack from the air, the ACS is equipped with a portable anti-aircraft missile system 9K32M "Strela-2M". The portable ammunition load of additional weapons includes: 1,500 rounds for a machine gun, 1,500 rounds for machine guns, 20 rockets for a signal pistol, 5 grenades for an anti-tank grenade launcher and 2 rockets for a portable anti-aircraft missile system.

Used shots

Ammunition nomenclature

Shot Index

Projectile index

Charge index

Projectile weight, kg

Mass of explosives, kg

Shot mass, kg

Muzzle velocity, m/s

Maximum firing range, km

"Chamomile"

"Aspect-1…4"

"Symbolism-1…4"

Means of observation and communication

For aiming the gun, carrying out reconnaissance during the day and at night, as well as for firing from a machine gun, a combined TKN-3A sight with an OU-3GK searchlight is installed in the commander's cupola. The gunner's position is equipped with a PG-1M panoramic artillery sight for firing from closed firing positions and an OP-4M-91A direct-fire sight for firing at observed targets. The driver's seat is equipped with two TNPO-160 prism surveillance devices, as well as a TVN-2BM night vision device for driving at night. External radio communication is supported by the R-123 radio station. The radio station operates in the VHF band and provides stable communication with stations of the same type at a distance of up to 28 km, depending on the height of the antenna of both radio stations. Negotiations between crew members are carried out through the R-124 intercom equipment.

Engine and transmission

Combat use

The 2S5 self-propelled gun received its baptism of fire during the war in Afghanistan. 152-mm high-explosive fragmentation shells made it possible to destroy any enemy fortification. They were used to a limited extent as part of battalion tactical groups in the First Chechen campaign. In 2014, during the armed conflict, the 2S5 self-propelled guns of the Ukrainian armed forces were transferred to the east of Ukraine, where by the beginning of September 2014, 2 2S5 self-propelled guns were captured by forces

The development of the 152-mm self-propelled guns "Gyatsint" was started at the Special Design Bureau of the Perm Machine-Building Plant (PMZ) by order of the Ministry of Defense No. 592 of 11/27/1968. - B"). Both options had identical ballistics and ammunition, which were specially developed again. There were no shots interchangeable with the "Hyacinth" in the Soviet Army.

PMZ designed the artillery unit, the Sverdlovsk Transport Engineering Plant (SZTM) designed the chassis, and NIMI designed the ammunition.

In September 1969, the preliminary projects of the self-propelled guns "Hyacinth" in the open, felling and turret versions were considered. Open option accepted.

On June 8, 1970, Decree No. 427-151 was adopted, authorizing full-scale work on the Hyacinth self-propelled guns.

On April 13, 1972, the Hyacinth projects were presented in self-propelled and towed versions.

In March-April 1971, two experimental 152-mm guns "Hyacinth" (ballistic installations) were manufactured, but due to the lack of shells not supplied by NIMI, firing from ballistic installations was carried out from September 1971 to March 1972. Ballistic installations had barrels 7.2 m long and showed the following ballistic data with them: on a full charge, the initial speed of 945 m / s and a range of 28.3 km, on an enhanced charge - 975 m / s and 31.5 km, respectively. tests noted a very strong muzzle wave pressure. In this regard, it was decided to reduce the weight of the full charge from 21.8 kg to 20.7 kg and lengthen the barrel by 1000 mm by introducing a smooth nozzle.

SAU 2S5 "Hyacinth" with 152-mm. cannon 2A37

Scheme ACS 2S5

View of the breech of the 2A37 gun and the opener device. SAU 2C5 "Hyacinth"

The loading of the 2A37 "Hyacinth-S" and 2A36 "Hyacinth-B" guns was separate-sleeve, however, an alternative version of the 2A43 "Hyacinth-BK" gun with cap loading was also developed. However, in the final version, separate-sleeve loading was adopted.

Initially, the Hyacinth ACS was planned to be armed with a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun, but in August 1971 it was decided to remove the machine gun mount.

The first two experimental guns 2A37 were delivered to SZTM at the end of 1972.

In mass production, self-propelled guns "Hyacinth" launched in 1976.

Self-propelled guns "Hyacinth" entered service with artillery brigades and divisions.

The barrel of the 2A37 gun consists of a monoblock pipe, a breech and a muzzle brake. A multi-caliber slotted muzzle brake is screwed onto the tube. The effectiveness of the muzzle brake - 53%. The shutter is horizontal wedge with semi-automatic rolling type.

Loading separately-sleeve.

Rollback brake hydraulic groove type, pneumatic knurler. The recoil cylinders roll back along with the barrel.

The length of the rollback is the largest - 950 mm, the smallest - 730 mm ..

Chain rammer with electric drive. Delivery is made in two steps - a projectile, and then - a sleeve.

Lifting and swivel mechanisms of sector-type guns. The balancing mechanism is pneumatic, push type.

The rotating parts are a machine on a central pin, which serves to connect the machine to the chassis.

The gun has a light shield, which serves to protect the gunner and part of the mechanisms from bullets, small fragments and the action of a muzzle wave when firing. The shield is a stamped sheet structure and is fixed on the left cheek of the upper machine.

The sights of the gun consist of a mechanical sight D726-45 with a gun panorama PG-1M and an optical sight OP4M-91A.

The chassis (ob. 307) was created on the same base as the 2S3 "Acacia".

Ammunition is placed inside the case. The loaders feed shells and charges from the vehicle manually.

When firing, the self-propelled guns are stabilized with the help of a folding base plate. The transition time from traveling to combat is no more than 4 minutes.

Subsequently, the ZVOF86 / ZVOF87 shot with the OF-59 projectile with a range of 30 km was adopted.

Ballistic data of the gun "Hyacinth"

Projectile OF-29; projectile weight - 46 kg; explosive - 6.73 kg (A-IX-2); fuse - V-42E.

Charge	Charge weight, kg	Initial speed, m/s	Range, km
Full	18,4	945	28,5
Reduced	11,0	775	21,5
The first	8,7	670	18,06
Second	6,4	560	14,8

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Self-propelled howitzer 152-mm 2S5 "Hyacinth-S"

2S5 "Hyacinth-S" - Soviet 152-mm hull self-propelled gun, designed to suppress and destroy means of nuclear attack, defeat the enemy's controls, rear, manpower and military equipment in places of concentration and in strong points, to destroy fortifications.

The 152-mm self-propelled gun 2S5 "Hyacinth" was developed by the Special Design Bureau of the Perm Engineering Plant and the Sverdlovsk Transport Engineering Plant. From the very beginning, the development of a gun in a self-propelled version ("Hyacinth-S") and towed ("Hyacinth-B") was carried out. Both options had identical ballistics and ammunition, which were specially developed again. There were no shots interchangeable with the "Hyacinth" in the Soviet Army. In September 1969, the preliminary projects of the self-propelled guns "Hyacinth" in the open, felling and turret versions were considered. Open option accepted.

G. S. Efimov was appointed chief designer of the chassis, Yu. In 1976, the machine began to enter service with artillery brigades and divisions, and in 1977, the Hyacinths were put into mass production.

The body of the machine is made by welding from armor plates 30 mm thick, which provides anti-bullet and anti-fragmentation protection.

In front of the hull, on the right, there is an engine-transmission compartment (MTO) with a V-shaped 12-cylinder multi-fuel liquid-cooled engine B-59 with an HP 520 power. (382 kW) in a single unit with a mechanical two-line transmission. To the right of the MTO is a control compartment with a commander's cupola behind the driver's seat. The fighting compartment is located in the central part of the hull and in the stern. The ammunition rack is located in the stern in vertical mechanized stowage.

"Hyacinths" have a tracked chassis, similar to the chassis 2SZ "Acacia". 2С5 belongs to the type of open installations, therefore the gun is mounted on the rear of the chassis without a turret. The hinged base plate gives additional stability to the Hyacinth, so it is almost impossible to fire on the move.

The machine has a relatively small size, so it is easy to transport, including by air. The armored hull protects the crew from bullets and shrapnel. The self-propelled gun has good cross-country ability, maneuverability, it is easy to change its position on it. In addition, through the built-in bulldozer equipment, she is able to quickly dig a trench for herself. It takes only about 4 minutes to move from the traveling position to the combat vehicle.

The main armament of the self-propelled guns 2S5 "Hyacinth-S" is a 152.4-mm gun 2A37, which is located on a self-propelled chassis with a breech in the stern and a barrel to the bow on special stops. Due to this arrangement, it was possible to reduce the transport dimensions of the machine. The gun is equipped with a multi-slot muzzle brake, a semi-automatic shutter, a hydropneumatic accumulator that uses recoil energy and a chain rammer of the projectile and cartridge case into the chamber. The loading of the gun is separate-sleeve.

The mechanized ammunition rack and the loading mechanism provide an automatic firing cycle, the rate of which is 5 rounds per minute. The supply of shots can be carried out both from the ammunition rack and from the ground. During firing, the gunner is outside the body of the self-propelled guns, in the embrasure to the left of the gun, where all the sights are located. During firing, the base plate reclines in the stern, which transfers the recoil energy when fired to the ground, making the self-propelled guns very stable.

The gun recoil brake is hydraulic, the knurler is pneumatic. The maximum firing range from a cannon with conventional projectiles is 28,400 m, with active-rocket projectiles - 33,500 m. The mass of a high-explosive fragmentation projectile is 46 kg.

Additional armament of the self-propelled gun is a 7.62-mm PKT machine gun mounted on the commander's cupola.
Self-propelled howitzer 152-mm 2S5 "Hyacinth-S" is in service in many countries around the world. In Ukraine, there are 24 units of 2S5, and in the Russian ground forces - 950 units of 2S5, and 48 units of the vehicle are in the coastal troops of the Russian Navy.

Of the most powerful self-propelled mortars in the world 2S4 "Tulip" caliber 240 mm. The exercises took place at night. The fighters, raised on a training alert, advanced with equipment to the designated area and repelled the attack of a mock enemy sabotage group.

"Tulip" is an older weapon, but still retaining combat power, allowing the use of this mortar in cases where artillery mounts of more modest calibers are powerless. It is indispensable in the destruction of strong fortifications, easily copes with armored vehicles. Due to the high power of the warhead, it is capable of incapacitating large formations of manpower. For special cases, a nuclear charge with a capacity of 2 kilotons is provided. Of course, in the Primorsky Territory, such shells were not removed from the warehouse.

"Tulip", put into service in 1972, was developed at the Ural Transport Engineering Plant in Yekaterinburg (then - Sverdlovsk). The Ural designers, who succeeded in creating a number of self-propelled artillery mounts, managed to do what the Japanese and Americans had repeatedly approached. In 1943, Japanese designers hoisted a 273 mm mortar on a tracked chassis, calling this structure Type 4 "Ha-To". The caliber seemed too small for them, and it was increased to 300 mm, having made 4 prototypes. The mortar fired for 3 kilometers, but after 10 shots the chassis fell apart.

In the mid-40s, the Americans began to make a self-propelled mortar of 250 mm caliber. A layout was made. However, development stalled and its funding was cut.

In the Urals, the case was brought to a victorious end. As a result, the mortar had an excellent range, reaching 20 kilometers. And a full range of ammunition: high-explosive, incendiary, cluster, nuclear. The maximum explosive mass is close to 50 kg. Among them there is a guided mine "Smelchak-M", which has laser guidance on the target. Crew - 5 people.

The name "Tulip" involuntarily recalls the slogan Chairman Mao: "Let a hundred flowers bloom." In the domestic artillery, of course, there are fewer colors. But from them it is quite possible to make an impressive bouquet. Since the designers of Soviet and Russian self-propelled guns, when naming their products, demonstrate an increased interest in the names of colors.

2S1 "Carnation"- self-propelled howitzer caliber 122 mm, developed at the Kharkov Tractor Plant. S. Ordzhonikidze. Since 1971, it has been in service with the Soviet, and now the Russian army. Self-propelled guns "Gvozdika" for a long time was the main artillery weapon of motorized rifle regiments. More than 10 thousand of these efficient and unpretentious howitzers were produced.

Despite the fact that the production of "Carnations" was discontinued in 1991, they were not sent for indefinite storage. In 2003, a modernization program was launched, as a result, the 2S1M1 modification received an automated control and gun guidance system. The firing range for conventional shells is 15 km, for active-reactive shells - 22 km. The ammunition also includes armor-piercing guided projectiles "Kitolov".

2S2 "Violet"— self-propelled airborne howitzer caliber 122 mm. It was developed at the Volgograd Tractor Plant in the late 60s. However, the project was closed due to the inability to meet the requirements of the terms of reference. And they were extremely tough: to land a howitzer from an An-12 aircraft, its weight should not exceed 10 tons. The designers coped with the weight problems. But at the same time, the design of the chassis turned out to be not very reliable: the recoil of the 122-mm gun was excessive for him.

With this problem, but already within the framework of another, “not a flower”, ROC coped in Klimovsk near Moscow, where TsNIItochmash is located. A self-propelled gun 2S9 "Nona-S" of 120 mm caliber was developed, adopted by the Airborne Forces in 1980. The howitzer, whose weight does not exceed 8 tons, is perfectly parachuted and has no problems with the reliability of all its systems.

2S3 "Acacia"- divisional self-propelled howitzer of solid caliber 152 mm. Developed at the Ural Transport Engineering Plant. Operated since 1971. This self-propelled howitzer became the first domestic self-propelled howitzer of such a large caliber. In subsequent years, it was repeatedly modernized. 2S3M2 is already a Russian model, produced since 2006. It uses a modern fire control system and increased crew security, as well as new ammunition. The firing range for high-explosive fragmentation shells has been increased to 19.2 km, for active-reactive shells - up to 25 km. Ammunition increased to 46 shots. At the moment, the next modification of the "Acacia" is being prepared - 2S3M3.

2S5 "Hyacinth-S"— self-propelled gun caliber 152 mm. Developed at the Ural Transport Engineering Plant. The gun was created in SKB-172 (Motovilikhinskiye Zavody). Operated since 1976.

With the same caliber as the "Acacia", it has significant differences, predetermined by the difference between the gun and the howitzer. The howitzer fires on a hinged trajectory, hitting covered targets, while the cannon fires on a flat one, and therefore has a significantly lower barrel elevation angle. The muzzle velocity of the cannon projectile is higher due to the longer barrel length and more gunpowder used in the shot. Therefore, the firing range of the gun is greater. But at the same time, the gun is much heavier, since it has not only a longer barrel compared to a howitzer, but also its walls are thicker in order to withstand greater pressure of powder gases.

The maximum firing range of the Hyacinth-S is 37 km. Among its ammunition there are Krasnopol guided missiles. And also a lovely wild flower " Chamomile”, which in fact turns out to be a projectile with a nuclear charge.

2S7 "Peony"— self-propelled gun caliber 203 mm. It was created in Leningrad at the Putilov plant in the mid-70s. It is distinguished by increased firepower and serves to suppress the rear, destroy especially important objects and means of nuclear attack in tactical depth at a distance of up to 47 kilometers. The weight of 45 tons testifies to the solidity of this weapon. The crew includes 7 people. The length of the rifled barrel is 11 meters. The mass of shells is 110 kilograms. The ammunition includes high-explosive fragmentation, concrete-piercing, cluster, active-rocket projectiles. There are also nuclear ones - "Kleshchevina", "Sapling", "Perforator". More than 500 "Peonies" were produced, both in the basic modification and modified self-propelled guns 2S7M.

2S8 "Astra"— self-propelled experimental battalion mortar caliber 120 mm. It was created in the late 70s at the Burevestnik Central Research Institute on the chassis of the Gvozdika self-propelled howitzer. The breech-loading mortar was equipped with a device that automates the reloading of the gun. In this connection, "Astra" had an increased rate of fire. The gun had the usual firing range for mortars - 7.1 km. But active-reactive mines were able to fly away for 9 km.

However, the project was closed due to the fact that the idea of creating the most versatile self-propelled gun 2S17-2 "Nona-SV" appeared, which is a cannon, howitzer and mortar "in one bottle". It did not have significant advantages in terms of range and accuracy of fire, but it had a greater destructive ability due to the use of special projectiles with threaded hulls. The projectile scattered into more fragments, which had a greater speed - 1850 m / s versus 1300 m / s. However, howitzer and cannon (only 12 km) characteristics were extremely unconvincing. Therefore, this project was closed.

Tried to bloom in the domestic defense industry and another flower - tank guided missile "Lotos". Its development in the 60s was carried out by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau (KB-14). The projectile was aimed at the target using a laser beam. The complex was supposed to be installed on a new heavy tank, which was developed at ChTZ. However, the creation of the tank was curtailed. Nevertheless, the Lotos complex was tested in 1964 at the Gorohovets test site, making a favorable impression on the commission. But the project was soon closed.

Fighting vehicles of the world, 2015 No. 34 Self-propelled gun 2S5 "Hyacinth"

Service and combat use of ACS 2S5 "Hyacinth-S"

The self-propelled gun "Hyacinth-S" was created as a corps artillery weapon. But since by the time it was put into service, the corps link in the Soviet Army had been almost completely abolished, this artillery system moved to higher-level formations - armies and military districts (groups of troops).

Self-propelled gun 2S5 "Hyacinth-S" in the St. Petersburg Artillery Museum

CONTEXT

SAU 2S5 "Hyacinth-S" entered service to replace the towed guns -130-mm M-46 and 152-mm M-47.

Traditionally, during the Cold War, ground forces stationed in Eastern Europe and in the west of the USSR enjoyed priority in obtaining new weapons systems. As of the end of 1990, about 500 2S5 self-propelled guns were located in the zone west of the Urals (where the control regime of the Treaty on Conventional Arms in Europe was in effect). They were armed (in whole or in part) with eight artillery brigades and two artillery regiments.

AT THE FRONT EDGE

The lion's share of the self-propelled guns "Hyacinth-S" was stationed in the Western Group of Forces (ZGV), on the territory of the GDR. Four brigades of such self-propelled guns were stationed here. In particular, the 303rd cannon artillery brigade (ABR) was located in Altengrabow, which was part of the 34th division, directly subordinate to the command of the Western Group of Forces. The 1st Guards Tank Army was subordinate to the 308th ABR (Zeithain), the 3rd Army - the 385th ABR (Planken), the 20th Army - the 387th ABR (Altes Lager). The typical composition of the Hyacinth-S brigade stationed in the GDR provided for the presence of five divisions in its composition: four artillery and one artillery reconnaissance. Each of the artillery divisions included three six-gun batteries - 18 self-propelled guns. Thus, the Hyacinth-S brigade, staffed by the state, had 72 self-propelled guns. The exception was the 387th brigade: in it, two divisions were armed with 2S5 (a total of 36 systems), and two with 152-mm D-20 towed guns.

152-mm self-propelled artillery gun 2S5 "Hyacinth-S" in combat exercises

ON THE TERRITORY OF THE SOVIET UNION

The units deployed on the territory of the USSR had a slightly different organization: as a rule, their batteries contained not six, but four 2С5 (12 guns in a division), and the proportion of mixed formations was also higher. Quite a lot of "Hyacinth-S" was available in the formations of the Belarusian Military District. The 51st division of district subordination included the 178th cannon ABR stationed in Osipovichi (48 self-propelled guns 2S5). The 231st ABR (Borisov; 24 self-propelled guns 2S5 and 36 towed guns) was subordinate to the 7th tank army. And the 28th Army included the 111th Artillery Regiment (Brest; 24 2S5 and 36 towed guns). There were "Hyacinty-S" in two formations of the Moscow Military District: the 211th ABR in Mulino (60 self-propelled guns) and the 235th ABR in Skopin (24 2S5, as well as 24 towed guns and 36 MLRS BM-21). Finally, the 13th Artillery Regiment (Kovel; 24 2S5 and 36 towed guns) was part of the 13th Army of the Carpathian Military District. Several hundred 2S5 self-propelled guns were in the formations stationed in the zone beyond the Urals, but their exact location is unknown.

COMBAT APPLICATION

The self-propelled gun "Hyacinth-S" was baptized by fire in Afghanistan. Here self-propelled guns 2S5 were used to solve the most difficult fire missions. The projectile "Hyacinta-S", having an initial speed of 800 m / s, destroyed any fortification created by the Mujahideen. Despite the difficult conditions of warfare in Afghanistan (rocky ground, a sharp temperature drop, high dust content, rarefied atmosphere), self-propelled artillery systems proved to be an effective weapon in all types of combat. Shot at one self-propelled guns sometimes reached 7000 shots, and the mileage - 6500 kilometers on mountain roads. Found the use of "Hyacinths-S" and during the first Chechen war in 1994-1995. During this conflict, the 2S5 self-propelled guns, contrary to the concept laid down during their creation, were used dispersed. They were attached to battalion tactical groups, that is, they operated at the lowest level of artillery support.

152-mm self-propelled artillery gun 2S5 "Hyacinth-S" firing

BASIC INFORMATION

The ammunition load of the 2S5 self-propelled guns includes several types of projectiles:

¦ high-explosive fragmentation ZOF29 (firing range up to 28.5 km);

¦ high-explosive fragmentation active-reactive ZOFZO (up to 33.1 km);

¦ improved ZOFbO (up to 37 km; can only be used by modernized self-propelled guns 2S5M);

¦ laser-guided "Sentimeter" (up to 12 km) and "Krasnopol" (up to 20 km);

¦ nuclear "Chamomile", "Mint", "Aspect", "Symbolism".

ON THE POST-SOVIET SPACE

By the beginning of 2014, the ground forces of Ukraine had 18 combat self-propelled guns 2S5, several more self-propelled guns of this type were in training units and in storage. All combat-ready "Hyacinths-S" were consolidated into the 3rd self-propelled cannon division of the 26th artillery brigade (Berdichev). The division included three six-gun batteries (the 1st and 2nd divisions of the 26th ABR are armed with 152-mm self-propelled guns 2S19 "Msta-S"). Currently, the 2S5 self-propelled gun is obsolete. Nevertheless, the Hyacinth is still the longest-range domestic gun and is second only to the 203-mm 2S7 Pion self-propelled gun.

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