Active rest in kindergarten senior group. Leisure activities in kindergarten. Temporary lesson plan for cultural and leisure activities

It is impossible to imagine a stay in a kindergarten without joyful holidays, touching matinees, friendly tea parties and fun starts. Activities organized by the teacher as part of leisure activities give preschoolers vivid impressions that will last a lifetime. And at the same time, in a fun way, the guys get new knowledge and reveal their creative abilities, become more proactive and independent.

The value of organizing leisure activities in kindergarten

Leisure activity is a complex social area in which a person restores his psychological state through rest, realizes the need for physical activity, communicates and develops himself. An adult independently plans what to do with his free time, the child needs help in this, to direct his activities. Since leisure is a synthesis of entertaining activities and cognition, it is organized by teachers as part of the social order - the comprehensive development of the child's personality.

Leisure is a synthesis of various activities, for example, physical, musical, entertaining and educational.

The purpose and principles of organizing leisure in a preschool educational institution

Leisure activities in the preschool educational institution are aimed at the formation of a healthy, active, harmoniously developed creative personality.

The purpose of organizing leisure and entertainment for preschoolers is to instill in children moral and aesthetic values, love for traditions and the desire for cultural recreation. This is a special area of ​​the educational process in kindergarten, which takes into account the needs and interests of the children. Using various forms and methods of organization and taking into account the individual characteristics of pupils, teachers saturate cultural and leisure activities with moral content, while observing the principles:

• positive tension: creating a friendly atmosphere, positive emotions, getting joy from communication and collective activities;
• independence: creation of conditions for self-development and disclosure of the creative potential of each pupil;
• complexity: taking into account all components of a healthy lifestyle;
• integrity: the development of children's self-awareness.

Having fun, children join the folk traditions and history of the country

Activities

Activities within the framework of cultural and leisure activities can be divided into thematic blocks:

• Sports:
  
• Musical:
  
• Literary:
  
• Theatrical:
  
• Art:
  
• Intellectual: conducting quizzes, games of ingenuity and didactic games (brain ring, KVN, “I want to know everything”, “Field of Miracles”).

  Participation in intellectual games develops intelligence and the spirit of healthy competition

• Ecological:
  • formation of ecological consciousness in children,
  • education of love for nature and native land,
  • excursions to the park, agricultural town, farm,
  • participation in environmental campaigns.

Activities can integrate different areas of children's activities, such as physical and speech

Table: tasks of cultural and leisure activities in kindergarten

Educational	Introduction to various types of art: music, dance, theater, painting, etc. Creation of positive motivation for active knowledge of the surrounding reality.
Educational	Involving children in the preparation of events. Attracting preschoolers to participate in dramatization games, sports and intellectual competitions. Formation of the need for creativity (singing, dancing, fine arts).
Educational	Creating a favorable emotional atmosphere in the group, a sense of security for each pupil. The development of teamwork skills, attentive attitude towards each other, mutual assistance. Education of patriotic feelings.

Types of leisure and entertainment in the preschool educational institution

Work within the framework of cultural and leisure activities is carried out daily. The educator organizes independently, with the involvement of a music director or a teacher in physical education, and establishes interaction with parents. Free time should not be filled exclusively with rehearsals for children's matinees, there are various types of leisure activities for preschoolers.

• Rest. After a strong mental stress, the child needs to restore the balance of power, rest. The ability of self-regulation (determining the need to relax, change the type of activity) is formed by the senior preschool age. The prevention of overwork among pupils of junior and middle groups is organized by the teacher. Rest can be spent in a passive form: children look at pictures in books, have calm conversations, play quiet games, listen to a teacher reading a book. If the child fails to relax by traditional methods, psychological support can be provided (for example, play with the child in the "Magic Room" or in the "Water and Sand Center"). Active recreation implies physical activity: participation in outdoor games, gymnastics, riding while walking on a bicycle, scooter, sled, etc.
  

  Children can rest on their own, using the resources of the object-spatial environment in the group.

  Active recreation involves relieving stress through physical activity.

• Entertainment. This type of cultural and leisure activity compensates for the routine, unemotional moments in everyday life. Entertainment causes a sense of joy in children and genuine interest. At the same time, there is an incentive to receive new information, and if the child is a participant in an entertaining action, the practical skills acquired during classes are improved and consolidated. In kindergarten, preschoolers can only be spectators (watching a play, a science show, a musician's performance). Parents of pupils are involved in the entertainment (conducting creative master classes, musical and literary leisure activities, cognitive and sports quests for family teams). Entertainment varies by subject:
  
• Holidays. Holding events dedicated to public holidays and important events in the life of the kindergarten: Autumn Festival, matinees in honor of Mother's Day, New Year, International Women's Day, Defender of the Fatherland Day, festive concerts for Cosmonautics Day, Victory Day, graduation. In this cultural and leisure activity, preschoolers are active participants, demonstrate their talents, and also help in the preparation and design of the premises.

  For festive events in kindergarten, pupils prepare creative performances, and also participate in the creation of scenery and props

Leisure and entertainment in the preschool educational institution

The teacher should remember that leisure is a compensatory type of children's activity, entertainment and cultural recreation are opposed to routine activities. Therefore, activities in their free time have a bright emotional focus, children should be in a good mood.

Discussion of the heroes and plots of Russian folk tales stimulates children's interest in creative activities

Motivating start of a lesson on cultural and leisure activities

Classes within the framework of cultural and leisure activities contain an obligatory structural component - a motivating beginning. To attract children's interest in the upcoming event, to activate their curiosity, various methods of motivation are used:

• study of visual material:
  • reviewing thematic posters,
  • pictures,
  • reproductions,
  • illustrations in books
  • layouts,
  • mini-exhibitions in the corner of knowledge;
• conducting cognitive and heuristic conversations;
• creating surprises;
• conducting didactic and outdoor games, including in the game situation:
  • visiting a group with a fairy-tale character,
  • imaginary journey to a fantasy land,
  • transfer to a fairy tale (for the performance of a dramatization game);
• reading poems, stories, small folklore forms (chastushkas, jokes, riddles, proverbs and sayings);
• use of ICT: viewing presentations with photo and video materials, musical accompaniment.

Since the leading activity of preschoolers is a game, children are happy to join in game situations and participate in a variety of activities.

Table: examples of a motivating start to a lesson for different topics

Topic of the lesson	Motivating start option
"Journey to the land of fairy tales" (leisure-entertainment)	Creating a surprise moment. A dove brings a letter to the group from a magical land, in which Vasilisa the Wise tells that she was kidnapped by Koschei the Deathless and is being held in custody in a high tower. Vasilisa asks the guys for help and encloses a map of the Kingdom of Far Far Away with the letter. Inclusion in the game situation. The guys agree to help Vasilisa. The teacher asks the pupils to join hands, stand in a round dance and utter a spell with him that will take everyone to the Far Far Away Kingdom. So the guys find themselves in a fabulous dense forest, where they have to complete many exciting tasks for dexterity and ingenuity from magical characters.
"Visiting a Russian folk tale" (theatrical leisure)	The study of visual material. The teacher shows the children in the library corner a large beautiful book - a collection of Russian folk tales. The children are invited to consider the colorful cover of the book: What fairy tale characters do you recognize? What stories are they from? What did the illustrator depict in the dense forest? (A hut on chicken legs, a house of three bears, a teremok, a stream with living water, etc.) What magical items did you notice on the cover? (Stupa of Baba Yaga, egg with Kashcheev's death, rejuvenating apples, frog skin.) Creation of a problem situation. The teacher asks what story the children would like to hear. Having received an answer, he opens the book, the guys see that all the pages of the collection are empty. Between the pages, the children find a note from Miracle Yud: it stole all the fairy tales, in order to return them to the book, they need to complete the task - to show that the fairy tales are not forgotten, but are alive and loved by the children. Pupils are involved in a dramatization game based on a fairy tale plot.
"Australia! Australia! Beautiful mainland "(sports leisure)	Studying visual material and conducting an informative conversation. The children are invited to study the map of Australia, which shows representatives of the flora and fauna, and answer the questions: What surrounds Australia? (Water, ocean). How do you imagine the Australian climate? (Sunny, hot). What animals did you see on the map that live in Australia? (Koala, kangaroo, wild dog dingo, kiwi bird, ostrich, wombat, echidna, possum). Can you talk about the features of some Australian animals? (Kangaroos have strong legs and a tail, they are jumpy, the cubs are carried in a bag on their stomach. Koalas look like teddy bears, they have long sharp claws for climbing trees, they feed on eucalyptus leaves, they carry cubs on their backs. The ostrich is the largest bird, he does not know how to fly, hides its head in the sand when threatened, runs fast, people breed ostriches on farms). The teacher offers to get to know the features of the mainland and its inhabitants closer by participating in thematic outdoor games.
"Joyful colors of winter" (musical leisure)	Creation of a problem situation. The guys find a letter from the Snow Queen in the music room, the teacher reads out: the mistress of the snow kingdom complains that it is joyless and boring in her possessions, everything is white and cold in winter, but you want fun. The teacher invites the children to cheer the Snow Queen and show that in winter it can also be joyful. Listening to the song "It's winter, it's white all around." Conducting a conversation. Guys, what winter fun was this song about? (About sledding down the mountain). What else can you do outside in winter? (Skate and ski, play snowballs, make snowmen, build a snow fort). What holiday fun do you know in winter? (New Year and Christmas festivities, round dances and carousels, caroling, fireworks).

Event planning

Conducting classes within the framework of cultural and leisure activities is given free time in the educational process in the morning and evening. Leisure activities should be systematic and thoughtful, carried out according to calendar and thematic planning. In the classes, the principle of frequent changes in the types of children's activity is observed (observation, conversation, physical education, creative, speech, motor activities).

The frequency of cultural and leisure activities is determined by the age and individual characteristics of the pupils, the scope of the tasks set and the breadth of the content of the holiday or fun. Sports and creative leisure activities are held 1-2 times a month, sports, musical and literary, theatrical holidays and concerts - 2-3 times a year.

A separate place in the planning of leisure and entertainment in kindergarten is occupied by folk and church holidays, street festivities and rituals associated with the folk calendar: harvest festival, Christmas evenings, Christmas festivities, carnival fun, seeing off winter, Palm Sunday and Easter, Honey and Apple Savior . Acquaintance with traditions and ancient customs introduces children to the culture of their native country, fosters a reverent attitude to the preservation of history.

Introduction to folk traditions is an important component of the educational process in preschool educational institutions

Long-term planning involves holding events together with the music director, physical education teacher, teachers of additional education (heads of theatrical and visual activity circles, dance studio, sports sections). During the school year, consultations are held for parents, which indicate the tasks of organizing leisure and entertainment in kindergarten, outline a plan for future cultural events, encourage parents to take the initiative in preparing and participating in events, give a list of recommendations for organizing home leisure (reading, drawing, experimenting). , educational walks). Thus, parents are given the opportunity to cooperate with the teaching staff of the preschool educational institution and become equal participants in the educational process.

Activities involving children with moms and dads have a therapeutic effect on family relationships

Table: card index of topics of cultural events

Thematic focus of cultural and leisure activities	Leisure	Holidays
Sports	Group activities: How many ball games do you know? "Sport in human life" "Olympic Games". Leisure on walks: "Rolling down the hill" "Jump Rope Games" "Gorodki Tournament".	"World Gymnastics Day" "Athlete's Day" "The Capture of the Snow Fortress" “Mom, dad, I am a sports family.”
Creative (musical, theatrical)	Leisure: "Day of Surprises" "Beauty Day" "Journey to Far Far Away" "Colors of Music" "Let's Draw Autumn" "Visiting a fairy tale" "Shadow play". Dramatization games: "Teremok", "Three piglets", "Grey Neck" "Visiting a fairy tale."	"Day of music", "Big Concert" "Star Factory of our kindergarten", "Environmental Fairy Tale"
Literary	Leisure activities dedicated to the work of writers: A. S. Pushkin, A. Barto, N. Nosova, G.-H. Andersen, Brothers Grimm and others. Evenings of poetry reading: We are not cold in winter "Toys in the window" "Spring, spring on the street!".	Literary and musical concerts: "Pushkin's Tales" "Yesenin's Russia". Dramatization of literary plots: "Fables of Krylov", "Fedorino grief", "Chuk and Gek".
cognitive	Didactic games: "Land of Knowledge" Vitamin World. Quizzes: "Vegetables", "Furniture", "Human", "Trees", "Fruit". Themed activities: "Tea Traditions in the World", "What is bread?"	Educational and entertaining quests: "primitive people" "Space World" "Mysteries of Planet Earth". Skill competitions: "Merry KVN", "Field of Dreams".
Social	Group activities: "Friendship", "Birthday", "Rights of the Child" "In the family". Visiting city sites and exhibitions: "Safety Week" "Autotown" "Let's keep the planet clean."	"Knowledge Day" "Day of the Elderly" "Mothers Day", "National Unity Day" "Children's Day" "Police Day" "Women's Day", "Russian Independence Day", "Victory Day".
Folk, Christian	Thematic leisure activities in the group: "Halloween" "Folk omens" "Easter table" "Customs of our country", "Trinity Day" "Honey Spas". Walking activities: "Seeing off winter", "Wish Tree" "Vesnyanki", "Games for Ivan Kupala".	"Folklore holiday" (for small genres of UNT), "The carol has come" "Fun Fair" "Celebration of Russian Folk Games".

Table: an example of a summary of cultural and leisure activities in the preparatory group

author	Zhilina E. V., MDOU D / s "Vasilyok" b. Mullovka village, Ulyanovsk region.
Name	"Journey through fairy tales"
Program content	To improve the ability of children to recognize fairy tales from literary and illustrations, keywords. To develop the artistic abilities of children through theatrical activities. To form emotional responsiveness, empathize with the state, mood of the characters. To activate the names of fairy tales, the names of fairy-tale heroes in the speech of children. Raise an active interest in fairy tales.
preliminary work	reading fairy tales, viewing illustrations, playing out fragments of fairy tales.
Material	musical accompaniment, illustrations for fairy tales flower petals of different colors.
Lesson progress	The melody "Come visit us" from the fairy tale "There, on unknown paths" sounds. Presenter: Today, guys, I want to invite you to travel to an amazing land of fairy tales. It is generously inhabited by various good and evil heroes: gnomes and trolls, sorcerers and goblin, Baba Yaga and Kashchei the Immortal, Ivan Tsarevich and Elena the Beautiful. It is not difficult to get there, you just need to close your eyes for a few moments and imagine that we are flying on a magic carpet, through the seas and oceans, forests and steppes. Here it descends lower and lower, and before us is the first fabulous stop. Here is someone's letter, and you will find out who sent it by guessing the riddle. He wears a hat Cheerful cap. And he's only tall With a kid's shoe. With a flashlight and with a song He walks in the forest at night. You can't go wrong if You will say: - This is ... (Gnome). Right. And now we find out what the gnome wants. (Reads the task: guess the tales from the illustrations). You have to learn fairy tales. I will show you illustrations for famous fairy tales, and you must say exactly the name of the fairy tale and its main characters. (Shows 6–7 illustrations.) You are great! Completed the task and get a magic petal. (Gives the children a red petal). Well, let's fly on. The journey continues. (Music sounds). And here is the next stop. Guess who it is: The grandmother loved the girl very much, She gave her a red hat. The girl forgot her name. Well, tell me, what was her name? (Red Riding Hood). From Little Red Riding Hood, the station is called "Guess". I will read to you excerpts from fairy tales known to you, and you must guess their names. He hit the copper basin And he cried out: "Kara-baras!" And now brushes, brushes They crackled like rattles And let me rub Sentence: "My, my chimney sweep Clean, clean, clean, clean! Will be, will be a chimney sweep Clean, clean, clean! ("Moydodyr"). Ku-ka-re-ku! I walk on my heels I carry a scythe on my shoulders, I want to kill the fox Get down, fox, from the stove, Come on, fox, get out! ("Zayushkina's hut"). Are you warm, girl? - Warmly, Morozushko, warmly, father. ("Frost"). And then the herons called: - Send, please, drops: We have eaten frogs today, And our stomachs hurt! ("Phone"). Here in the hut the corners crackled, the roof shook, the wall flew out, and the stove itself went along the street, along the road, straight to the king. ("By pike command"). The host praises the children and gives them another petal. The journey continues. (Music sounds). Presenter: And here is the next station: riddles-troubles. Guess and answer quickly! Puzzles: Who turned Vasilisa the Wise into a frog? Who did Kolobok leave? What was the name of the smallest girl? What was the name of the bears from the fairy tale "Three Bears"? Which girl lost her shoe at the ball? What did the fox feed the crane? What words usually begin Russian fairy tales? (Gives a petal.) Presenter: I see, and you really know a lot about fairy tales. Well done! Now let's go to the next station. (Music sounds). Contest "Tell the Word" Presenter: Many heroes of fairy tales have unusual and very interesting names, let's remember them. I tell you the beginning of the name, and you will try to continue it. Two teams participate in this competition at once, whoever answers the fastest wins this competition. Getting started! Tom Thumb). Nightingale ... (Robber). Sister ... (Alyonushka). Fox ... (Patrikeevna). The Scarlet Flower). Swan geese). Tiny ... (Havroshechka). Brother ... (Ivanushka). Baba ... (Yaga). Sivka ... (Burka). Red Riding Hood). Sleeping Beauty). Zayushkina ... (Hut). Winnie the Pooh). Presenter: We coped with the task, we go further. (Music sounds). And here we are waiting for a magic chest, let's see what's in it. (In a chest of masks for playing out the fairy tale "Teremok"). Now let's say the magic words: Clap twice Stomp three times turn around yourself And find yourself in kindergarten! (The song “Tales Walk Around the World” by M. Plyatskovsky sounds). Presenter: Here we are again in our kindergarten. And from the petals we got a magic flower. Our journey is over. Did you like it? It was interesting? Fun? (Answers of children).

Temporary lesson plan for cultural and leisure activities

The duration of leisure and entertainment depends on the age and individual characteristics of preschoolers.

Leisure time:

• in junior and middle groups - 25–30 minutes;
• in the senior and preparatory groups - 45–50 minutes.

Holiday duration:

• in the first junior group - 20–30 minutes;
• in the second junior group - 30–35 minutes;
• in the middle group - 45–50 minutes;
• in the senior group - 60 minutes;
• in the preparatory group - up to 1 hour 30 minutes.

The duration of the festive event depends on the age and individual characteristics of the pupils.

Duration of street fun and festivities:

• in junior and middle groups - no more than 1 hour;
• in the senior and preparatory groups - up to 1 hour 30 minutes.

Let us consider the approximate duration of the structural components of specific cultural and leisure activities.

Folklore and physical culture leisure "Cause - time, fun - hour" in the senior group

1. Organizational moment - 2 minutes.
2. Surprise moment - 5 minutes.
3. Mobile game "Horse" - 7 minutes.
4. Game exercises "Guess" - 10 minutes.
5. Mobile game "Cat and Birds" - 6 minutes.
6. Round dance "Sun" - 4 minutes.
7. Sports game "Catch the ball" - 8 minutes.
8. Summing up the results of leisure - 3 minutes.

Musical holiday for the Defender of the Fatherland Day in the preparatory group

1. Greeting guests of the holiday - 2 minutes.
2. Performance of the song "Defenders of the Fatherland" - 3 minutes.
3. Performance of the song "We will serve in the army" - 3 minutes.
4. Intellectual warm-up for the boys' team and the dads' team - 8 minutes.
5. Dance "Sailors and sailors" - 4 minutes.
6. Competition for adults and children "Strongmen" - 6 minutes.
7. Reading poems - 5 minutes.
8. Performance of the song "Our dads" - 3 minutes.
9. Game for children and guests "Sandwiches" - 7 minutes.
10. Poetic congratulations to the boys from the girls of the group - 5 minutes.
11. Game "Obstacle" - 7 minutes.
12. Musical game "Girls hee hee, boys ha ha" - 7 minutes.
13. Dance "Stars" -3 minutes.
14. Congratulatory words from the host of the holiday, presentation of postcards and gifts - 7 minutes.

Leisure with the participation of parents "Maslenitsa" in the middle group

1. Organizational moment - 3 minutes.
2. Excursion to the past (using ICT: informative slide show) - 10 minutes.
3. Competition "Know-it-all" - 5 minutes.
4. Contest "Guess" - 5 minutes.
5. Competition "Folk Games" - 5 minutes.
6. Obstacle racing competition - 4 minutes.
7. Competition "Fistfights" - 4 minutes.
8. Musical competition - 8 minutes.
9. Summing up the results of the competition, an invitation to a tea party with pancakes - 4 minutes.

Examples of organizing leisure and entertainment in kindergarten

Video: music day in kindergarten

Video: literary holiday "Days are flying"

Preparing and conducting collective leisure activities in kindergarten creates a sense of group cohesion. Making decorations for the holiday, distributing roles in a dramatization game, mastering the skill of choral singing, participating in team competitions and quizzes, preschoolers interact positively with each other. In joint activities, the traditions of the group are born, the emotional atmosphere improves. Participation in collective events brings up an active and morally oriented personality in every child.

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Modern young parents have to keep up with everything, and as soon as the baby turns 3 years old, an active search for a kindergarten begins. Of course, I want to choose the best conditions for the child, where he will be safe and under the supervision of caring educators, but how to make the right choice? When looking for a kindergarten, one has to take into account not only the location of a preschool institution, but also its specifics, since in a kindergarten a child learns to communicate with other children, develops, gains new knowledge and emotions.

Types of kindergartens

In the fulledu.ru catalog, we have collected kindergartens of all directions and types. You can quickly find the object you are interested in using simple navigation.

Kindergartens in Moscow are divided into several categories:

• State kindergarten;
• Kindergartens of the combined type;
• Kindergartens of compensatory type;
• Kindergartens of a general developmental type;
• Kindergartens for supervision and improvement;
• Kindergartens with primary school;
• Kindergartens with an artistic and aesthetic bias;
• Kindergartens with an ethno-cultural component of education;
• Children's centers and clubs;
• Progymnasium;
• Manger.

The state kindergarten is the most common and familiar type of preschool educational institution in which care, education, rehabilitation and education of children are carried out. Kindergartens may differ in educational programs.

A combined type kindergarten includes groups of different directions and combinations: health-improving, general developmental, compensatory, etc.

Moscow kindergartens of a compensatory type are designed to educate and educate children with various pathologies. Children with mental developmental disorders, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, tuberculosis intoxication, dysfunctions of hearing, speech apparatus, visual impairments and other chronic diseases can study here. Only specially trained highly qualified employees with medical education work in compensatory kindergartens. Children with developmental disabilities are provided with special conditions: massage rooms, swimming pools, special exercise equipment, saunas, diet food, small groups are created. In children's institutions of this type, they are engaged not only in treatment, but also in education. Doctors simultaneously educate, educate and treat babies according to a specially designed program. In kindergartens, as a rule, there are counseling centers that parents can turn to and get advice or advice. To determine a child in a compensatory kindergarten, it is necessary to undergo an examination, provide a referral from a pediatrician and all related certificates.

Kindergartens of a general developmental type focus on a certain direction in the development of the child: intellectual, physical, artistic and aesthetic.

Kindergartens in Moscow for supervision and rehabilitation work with an emphasis on preventive, sanitary and hygienic, health-improving procedures and activities.

Kindergartens with a primary school enroll children from the age of 6 in groups to prepare for school entry. Here, children get acquainted with the basic subjects, knowledge and skills that will be useful to them in grade 1. Toddlers who attend kindergartens with an elementary school are easier to integrate into the educational process.

Kindergartens with an artistic and aesthetic bias help develop creative talents in a child, bring up aesthetic taste, a sense of beauty. Here, children are engaged in drawing, modeling, learning poetry, participating in performances, singing songs and other arts.

Kindergartens with an ethno-cultural component of education teach children tolerance, tolerance, and respect for all cultural traditions. Educators instill in children high moral principles that reject the idea of ​​national exclusivity and selectivity. Kids in these kindergartens learn to be friends and share with other people, regardless of their nationality, skin color and eye shape. In addition, the guys learn the history, culture and traditions of other countries, which has a positive effect on their education.

Children's centers and clubs are specialized educational institutions for children, which include an art studio, a children's theater, a computer class, a swimming pool, playgrounds, a fitness center and much more. The Child Development Center implements an integrated approach. Children receive psychological, physical, intellectual and artistic and aesthetic education.

Gymnasiums prepare children for school. They teach children of primary school and preschool age. In the gymnasium, children get acquainted with the basics of the subjects necessary for elementary school (Russian, mathematics, English). The educational program of the gymnasium includes subjects on aesthetic education that contribute to the harmonious development of the individual.

In progymnasiums, they devote a lot of time to music and choreography, drawing and modeling, rhetoric and rhythm, swimming, and outdoor games. When choosing a pro-gymnasium, parents should study the list of subjects taught so that the child is fully prepared for school. In progymnasiums, lessons are held in a playful, easy way, thanks to which children absorb knowledge better.

Education in the progymnasium allows you to prepare the child well for school, discipline, the need to do homework and fulfill certain requirements. After comprehensive preparation, the child will be much easier to adapt to school.

A nursery is a children's educational institution for the smallest.

Types of kindergartens by type of ownership

Kindergartens in Moscow are divided into different types, depending on the form of ownership. There are several main types of kindergartens:

• Municipal;
• Departmental;
• Homemade;
• Private.

Municipal kindergartens are the most accessible and inexpensive type of preschools under the control of the Department of Education. There are many such gardens, they are usually located close to home and work according to the chosen educational program. The disadvantages of municipal kindergartens include a large number of children in groups, constant queues and long entries from those who want to get into the garden.

The compulsory program of the municipal preschool institution includes: the basics of fine arts (sculpting, drawing, designing, applications), music lessons (singing, listening to musical compositions, musical and rhythmic movements), correct speech (learning new words, correct pronunciation, development of diction) , the study of fiction, familiarity with natural phenomena and the environment, games, physical education, familiarity with the basics of mathematics.

Departmental kindergartens are subordinate to a specific department, for example, a factory, plant, enterprise. Advantages of departmental kindergartens: fewer children in groups, higher quality food, equipment, furnishings. The downside is the high cost of services.

Home kindergartens are relatively new and still rare. Home kindergartens are located in an apartment, a private house, in a rented building. As a rule, 3-5 children are recruited into a group in order to provide each child with maximum attention. The cost of the service is set by the owner of the institution. If you want to send your child to a home kindergarten, then first ask about the qualifications of the teacher, the availability of the necessary furniture, conditions for the child to play and relax.

Private kindergartens in Moscow are the property of one or more people. The level of services provided depends only on the capabilities and abilities of the owner. There are private kindergartens created on the basis of public ones and located in the same building with them, but at the same time they provide a larger range of services. The bulk of private institutions are located in their own building and work according to an individual program.

A private kindergarten is an ideal option for those who do not experience financial difficulties. It usually runs longer than regular gardens and provides a very exciting and interesting developmental program for children. Private gardens are often well endowed. It has everything for a child: delicious, proper food, toys, didactic materials, manuals and books, swimming pools, children's sports equipment, musical instruments and much more. The cost of a kindergarten will depend on its equipment, the number of services provided, location, quality of food and other factors. Another significant plus of private children's institutions is highly qualified staff. The owners of private kindergartens try to hire only experienced, talented teachers with the appropriate education. Since private gardens are completely dependent on their customers, they care about their reputation.

If you are looking for the best kindergarten for your child, then use our catalog. It contains all types of kindergartens from different districts of the city, district and region. Here you can find the nearest municipal garden on the map or find the address of a private kindergarten.

Kindergartens in our database are sorted into the following categories: new, rating, reviews, alphabetically. We invite you to read the opinions of people who have come across kindergartens in Moscow and the Moscow region. The catalog contains more than 5,000 preschool institutions. With the help of a simple and understandable navigator, you can easily find the most suitable option.

Many kindergartens, both private and public, change their schedule in the summer or close altogether. But despite this regime of preschool institutions, parents continue to work at the same pace. This situation gives rise to the problem: "what to do with the child for three solar months."

Lucky are those whose parents, grandparents and other close, unemployed relatives or friends, conscientiously take on the role of educators and look after the child. And what about those couples who have no one to leave one or more of their children? In such a situation, a summer kindergarten will help out.

What do summer preschools offer?

The advantage over conventional kindergartens in children's institutions of summer stay will be active recreation, mostly in the fresh air and a developmental program. As a rule, such camps for preschoolers are private, therefore paid. The price varies depending on the institution itself and the length of the child's stay. It is possible to stay part-time, the whole day, until the weekend or with a continuous stay up to several weeks.

Here for children all the conditions for comfortable rest, entertainment, development and nutrition are presented. The most common activities are:

• Learning foreign languages;
• music lessons;
• outdoor games;
• study of the surrounding world, nature, plant care;
• excursions, trips;
• thematic events, research sessions;
• circles of various directions, board games;
• reading books, watching movies, cartoons.

Swimming is one of the favorite summer activities for all kids. If the kindergarten is not located near a natural reservoir, then a pool will become its replacement, so there is always an opportunity to splash around.

Pros and cons of summer stay kindergartens

Nevertheless, before sending their child to such institutions, parents weigh all the pros and cons. The undoubted advantages of resting in a summer kindergarten will be:

• continuous supervision of the child;
• maximum outdoor time;
• continuous development and acquisition of knowledge;

But there are downsides everywhere. Here these include:

• adaptation to a new place, which not all children can cope with;
• reducing the time of communication with mom and dad.

Employment rates in Moscow and the region are high, so summertime kindergartens are a necessary luxury for many families. The Moscow region is famous for such camps and surprises with their abundance.

Which summer kindergarten to choose

To compare and choose a place for a child's summer stay, you need to familiarize yourself with some of them and choose the appropriate option. Here are some reviews of preschool camps near Moscow for comparative analysis.

Summer club "Goose"

Working hours this year: from 29.05 to 28.07.

Location: Nikolskaya Sloboda village (9km from Moscow Ring Road)

Age limits: 3 - 11 years.

Breakdown into groups:

• 34 years;
• 4 - 6 years;
• 6 - 8 years;
• 8 - 11 years old.

For the seventh year in a row, the health club "Goosenok" offers children to spend summer holidays with health and mind benefits. In the suburban area, almost a hectare of land has everything you need for outdoor activities:

• four cottages for living;
• sports and playgrounds;
• tennis courts;
• swimming pool;
• equestrian complex near the camp;
• tree house with rope ladder;
• workshops for creativity;
• music classes;
• dining room;
• swimming pool;
• garden for gardening;
• cinema hall.

For cognitive activities, classrooms with interactive whiteboards, qualified teachers, and English teachers are available. For a fee, conversations with psychologists, pre-school training courses, group training in swimming, equestrian sports, tennis, jiu-jitsu are organized. Each parent has the opportunity to create a curriculum for their children personally.

Meals are offered taking into account the individual nutritional preferences of each child. The menu offers delicious dishes made from the freshest ingredients. Six meals a day.

Throughout the entire period of stay, the kids are under the constant supervision of counselors and educators, medical personnel and under the strict supervision of the guards.

Summer kindergarten "Goose" is a great way to spend an active, educational, developing, comfortable vacation for children, as well as a guarantee of peace of mind for parents for their child.

Children's Montessori camp "Dacha in Veshki"

Working hours this year: from 29.05 to 18.08.

Location: settlement Veshki-2 st. Okruzhnaya, 8 (2 km from Moscow Ring Road along Altufevskoe Highway)

Age limits: 1.5 - 7 years.

Breakdown into groups:

• 1.5 - 3 years;
• 36 years;
• 6 - 7 years old.

It is possible to stay from 9.00 to 19.00, a full five-day stay with a break at the weekend, as well as a long-term vacation without leaving home. The price depends on the amount of time spent in the camp.

Near the village of Veshki-2 there is a cozy cottage with an adjacent territory for outdoor activities, adapted for a summer kindergarten. For children provided:

• equipment for developing and sports children's games;
• music and choreographic studios;
• mini botanical garden;
• garden;
• creative laboratories;
• outdoor playgrounds;
• scooters, bicycles, sports equipment;
• dining room.

A convenient schedule of classes, games, recreation and meals is organized for all children. The schedule is tailored to the individual needs of the child. Qualified early development teachers work in groups, English, music courses and choreography are taught.

The children's camp for kids in Veshki-2 is a safe, interesting, comfortable, exciting and educational world that is open every summer.

Private kindergarten "Pearl"

Working hours this year: June July.

Location: md. Kosino-Ukhtomsky, st. Zlatoustovskaya 1

Age limits: 28 years.

Breakdown into groups:

• 2 - 3 years;
• 34 years;
• 4 - 6 years;
• 6 - 8 years old.

Zhemchuzhina, like many kindergartens, continues its work during the summer. Toddlers, whose parents wish to choose this place for a vacation, are provided with a wide range of activities for recovery, development and entertainment:

• lessons on the formation of speech skills;
• development of initial mathematical knowledge;
• English lessons, music, choreography, literature;
• training on author's programs;
• sports activities and swimming;
• game forms of classes;
• wellness treatments and oxygen cocktails.

The Zhemchuzhinka has excellent conditions for staying, medical staff monitors the health of children, qualified teachers are engaged in constant development, professional children's chefs are responsible for tasty and proper nutrition, educators organize an entertainment program, psychologists help to correct the system of interaction between kindergarten workers and kids.

Staying in the Zhemchuzhinka summer kindergarten is focused on improving health, preschool training and active recreation for kids.

Private kindergarten "Treasure Island"

Working hours this year: year-round.

Location: m. Timiryazevskaya, st. Ivanovskaya, 17 (Dubki Park)

Age limits: 1.5 - 7 years.

Breakdown into groups:

• 1.5 - 3 years;
• 34 years;
• 45 years;
• 5 - 7 years.

For the period of vacation time in the kindergarten "Treasure Island" a summer group is opened. Recreation and development is implemented in the following areas:

• preschool preparation;
• fine art classes from an equipped studio;
• montessori system of classes;
• work in sports sections;
• learning English;
• work with a speech therapist;
• choreography and vocals;
• advice and consultations of a psychologist;
• excursions and hikes;
• theatrical performances.

Small groups, their own schedule for each kid, individual developmental activities, high-quality nutrition, fresh air, high-level medical care and the most comfortable conditions for quick adaptation - this is what a small child needs in the summer and Treasure Island is famous for this!

It is possible to have a continuous monthly stay, as well as an incomplete month and a daily form of visiting. The cost of kindergarten services depends on the duration of the stay.

Summer season of the kindergarten "Far Far Away Kingdom"

Working hours this year: from 1.06. to 31.08.

Location: SZAO, microdistrict Kurkino, st. Yurovskaya, house 92, building 8, section 3.

Age limits: 16 years.

Breakdown into groups:

• 1 - 2 years;
• 34 years;
• 45 years.

Year-round kindergarten "Far Far Far Away" offers additional services for the formation of additional groups for the summer season. Perhaps a five-day, daily and partial stay with an overnight stay or hourly, on which the cost of visits depends.

All suitable conditions for proper development and recreation are provided for children, various leisure activities are organized, balanced meals five times a day and sports rehabilitation. Activities of the summer group:

• speech development;
• acquaintance with literature;
• mastering mathematical skills;
• drawing, modeling, creativity;
• labor education;
• knowledge of the world around;
• sports activities.

Cozy apartments of Far Far Away Kingdom are ready to receive anyone who wishes for a summer vacation.

All-season "Junior Park" with the program "Summer in the City"

Working hours this year: from 1.06. to 31.08.

Location: Beskudnikovsky boulevard, 21A

Age limits: 1.5 - 7 years.

Breakdown into groups:

• 1.5 - 3 years;
• 34 years;
• 4 - 7 years.

Summer Kindergarten "Junior Park" provides an opportunity to spend sunny holidays fun and beneficial for the child. Every day, except weekends, from 8 am to 8 pm the doors are open to children for whom parents prefer a comfortable summer vacation. Guaranteed:

• a set of measures to develop creative abilities;
• English lessons;
• balanced five meals a day;
• preschool education;
• music lessons;
• physical education and sports competitions;
• theme parties;
• theatrical matinees;
• outdoor games.

In "Junior Park" the optimal mode of stay is competently organized, where mental stress, physical rehabilitation, moral education and rest and nutrition are correctly combined. Qualified teachers and educators will organize a comfortable adaptation, which will facilitate the children's attitude to a change of scenery.

"Summer in the City" is a program of exciting development and recovery according to the age and individual characteristics of each child in the Junior Park kindergarten.

"Sunny City" - summer camp-garden for kids

Opening hours this year: from 01.06. to 27.08.

Locations:

• st. Dybenko, 14, building 2.
• st. Bolshaya Academicheskaya, 67.
• st. Tatyana Makarova, d. 6.

Age limits: 3 - 10 years.

Breakdown into groups:

• 36 years;
• 7 - 10 years.

"Sunny City", like other kindergartens in the summer, focuses on active recreation, health improvement and comprehensive development of children. Under the guidance of a group of educators, teachers, trainers and psychologists, the employment of children of all ages is organized, taking into account the specifics of each period of development.

Most of the time is occupied by outdoor games in the fresh air, knowledge of the world around. Since the groups of this kindergarten include children with a large age difference, the daily routine is compiled for each group separately.

Younger children are mainly engaged in preschool preparation, speech development, creativity and games. For children of school age, it is possible to repeat the completed program, sports competitions, literary evenings and theater circles are organized.

"Sun City" is an interesting way of entertainment, health improvement and education for children of preschool age and a good option for spending summer holidays for the benefit of younger students.

International School "Magic Castle"

Working hours this year: from 1.06. to 31.08.

Location:

• m. Polezhaevskaya
• m. Novoslobodskaya
• m. Tsvetnoy Boulevard Pushkinskaya

Age limits: 26 years.

Languages:

• Russian;
• English;
• Chinese;
• Spanish;
• French;
• German;
• Arab;
• Italian.

Summer kindergarten with an English bias is a great opportunity to combine summer holidays with the opportunity to learn a foreign language in a fun, comfortable, easy and accessible way in a playful, sports and creative way.

The standard developmental and recreational program of the kindergarten is combined with English language courses for the smallest. All communication takes place in a foreign language with native speakers.

For those parents who are concerned about the early development and preparation of their child in a non-standard way, and also want to combine this with summer holidays, the Magic Castle International School provides all the right conditions.

Epilogue

Each parent for his child, no matter what age he is, strives to give only the best and spend as much time with him as possible. But such an opportunity is not always given. Thanks to a large number of various summer preschool institutions, it has become possible to organize the child's employment without distracting moms and dads from work.

The variety of kindergartens in Moscow and the Moscow region gives a chance in the summer to children who want to relax in the fresh air, get a lot of pleasant impressions, have fun, make new friends, and also learn a lot of interesting things.

Thematic and profile directions and their diversity provide parents with the opportunity to decide what exactly and at what age will suit their baby.

Enrolling a child in a summer group of a kindergarten is a good way for parents to work and for children to relax.

The main goal of gymnastics after daytime sleep is to improve the mood and muscle tone of children with the help of contrast air baths and physical exercises. The gymnastics complex after daytime sleep lasts 10-15 minutes, after which the children move on to water procedures. The complex consists of several parts. Gymnastics begins with warm-up exercises in bed, children perform simple self-massage finger gymnastics. Further, children can perform general developmental exercises, play outdoor games in a room with a contrasting air temperature, and perform exercises with simulators. Gymnastics ends after a day's sleep with hardening procedures, jogging along massage, ribbed, salt or wet paths, wiping with cold water, and contrasting dousing. In any variant of the complex, corrective exercises for the prevention of flat feet and posture disorders should be included. Most of the variants of the complexes are designed for greater independence, children must remember the exercises, their sequence and consciously perform the complex.

Gymnastics complex after daytime sleep for the senior group

1. In bed.

To soft music, the teacher wakes up the children, the children stretch, the teacher offers to wake up their hands and remind them that today they have a holiday.

Children clap their hands, rub their hands together (wash themselves), take off and put on rings, bracelets, watches, fasten locks and bracelets on watches. Hands wake up the face: children rub their eyes, eyebrows, nose and ears. The face cheered up - the children grimace with their tongues and lips. Hands wake legs; stroke them, pat them. Hands invite feet to the feast. The legs joyfully make a "bike" in the air, then get up and go on the road.

The pace of awakening is slow, calm, comfortable.

2. In the hall.

Educator:“Invited hands and feet to the holiday. And here our feet go along the road. Different feet go on the road.” Children independently choose one of the two movements that the teacher shows them, then change it to another.

Educator:

1. Long and short legs walk on the road - walking on toes and in a squat.

2. Dexterous and clumsy feet walk on the road - walking on the heels and the outside of the foot.

3. Hands play hide and seek, hands hide from legs - claps.

4. Strange and tangled legs walk along the road - walking sideways, side steps, sliding step, back forward.

5. Funny feet are jumping along the road - jumping as they want.

6. Different Legs Run on the Road:

– light legs run along the road – running on toes for 20 seconds,

- funny legs play catch-up - gallop sideways in one direction, then in the other 10 + 10,

- silent feet run along the road - 20 seconds,

- mincing legs run along the road - 20 seconds,

- mischievous legs running down the road - running, bending legs back - 20 seconds,

- slow and tired legs run along the road - slow run 10 seconds.

7. Tired legs run along the road - walking, scattered between the chairs. There are handkerchiefs on the chairs.

Educator:“What elegant houses, probably, we were invited here for a holiday, you need to come up and knock 6 times.”

1. Children come up and tap their heels on the floor: “Who lives in the house, who lives in smart clothes?”

2. Educator:"Nobody is answering. Let's search around the house." Children perform walking "cogs" to the right and left around the chairs. Surprised, we shrug.

3. Educator:“Where is the owner of the house? Where is the holiday? We were in such a hurry! Let's go into the house and look there."

4. Children sit on chairs. Turning the head to the right, left, up, down at a slow pace.

5. Educator:“The hands rest on the hips and say to the legs: “This is our holiday today, we are the most important people, he loves us very much, often praises us, calls us “golden”. Legs argue with hands: "We are also needed by a person, we also help him." Hands argue: “And we are more important, so try to do without us today. Wash your handkerchiefs!” Children take their handkerchiefs off the chair to the floor with their feet, and sit on the chairs themselves.

6. We will collect and wash handkerchiefs in the river 6 times. I.p. - standing on a handkerchief, counter movements of the legs back and forth are performed, without tearing them off the handkerchief.

7. “Rinse handkerchiefs.” I.p. - sitting on a chair, feet on the floor, squeezing a handkerchief with their fingers, hands holding on to the seat of the chair. Raising straight legs, a few swings up and down, return to and. etc., repeat 5-6 times.

8. Educator:“Someone jumped in the water under the bridge and scared us, our feet dropped handkerchiefs. Let’s see from the bridge, who scared us?” I. p. - lying on a chair with your stomach, head, arms and legs below. Simultaneous lifting of arms, head and legs up 6-8 times with pauses for rest.

9. “Let's squeeze the handkerchief” - oncoming movements of the legs to the sides - together.

10. “Hang to dry” - put your toes on the knee of the other leg.

11. Educator:“The wind rustled, blew on the handkerchief, blew it to the ground.” They inhaled through the nose noisily and slowly, exhaled, leaning forward on the handkerchief, while lying on their knees with their chest. Run 4-5 times.

12. Educator:“Here’s the handkerchief is dry, let’s iron it and fold it.” Fold it with your foot four times 1 time.

13. Educator:“Well, it’s hard to wash without hands, even your ears are sweaty. We will wipe our ears with a handkerchief, ”- 1 time.

14. Hands praise legs (alternately) - stroking, massaging, rubbing, tapping, patting, tickling ... They say that they would like to make friends.

Educator:“Hands and legs became friends. They wanted to play a new game called Handkerchief Traps.

The mobile game "Traps with a handkerchief". Traps are chosen with a counting book, the children get down on all fours, grabbing a handkerchief with their toes. To the words “One, two, three - catch!” the trap catches up and takes away the handkerchiefs. At the end of the game, the handkerchiefs count and mark the best trap.

What is a holiday without dancing? Hands and feet together with handkerchiefs dance, friends feet and hands bow. Feet promise hands someday to invite them to their holiday.

Water and hardening procedures.

“Funny kittens”

On the bed

1) "Kittens are waking up." I. p .: lying on your back, arms along the body. V .: raise the right hand, then the left, stretch, in and. n. (pulled the front legs).

2) "Pull the hind legs." I. p .: lying on your back, arms along the body. V .: raise and pull the right leg, then the left, smoothly alternately lower.

3) “Looking for a cat mom.” I. p .: lying on his stomach. V .: raise your head, turn your head left and right, in and. P.

a) “Angry Kitten” I. p .: standing on all fours. V .: rise, arch your back with an “arc”, head down “fyr-fyr”.

b) "Affectionate kitten." I. p .: standing on all fours. V .: head up, bend your back, wag your tail.

On the floor

1) Walking in place with a high knee lift.

a) pull up on toes, arms up;

b) sit down, group;

c) straighten up.

2) Jumping, running in place.

3) "Who will hide faster." Blanket play.

Jumps in place.

Signal:

One two Three
Lie under the covers.

Hardening, air baths, water procedures.

"Revived toys"

On the bed

Today, children, we will play with toys that have come to life. At first, the toys lay quietly and calmly in their places. But then they began to stir and look around.

1) I. p .: lying on your back, arms along the body. IN.; slightly raise the head; turn left and right, on the pillow.

2) Then they began to stretch and warm up. V .: children put their hands behind their heads, stretch, bend their arms, legs at the knees, make twisting movements.

3) "Roly-get up-ka - roly-poly". Have fun swinging in different directions. V .: lying on their backs, clasping their knees, the children bow back and forth.

4) “Teddy bears”. V .: get on high all fours, walking in place, imitate the movements of bears.

On the floor

5) "Dolls". V .: walk around on straight legs, arms down, hands slightly to the sides.

6) "Fussy horses". V .: running in place, raising your knees high, holding imaginary reins.

7) “Clockwork frogs”. V .: children “turn on” themselves with imaginary keys and jump like frogs.

8) Breathing exercises, close and open eyes, relax.

Hardening procedures “Magic Flowers”

All of you guys have seen how beautiful it is in the summer in the meadow, in the meadow. And this is because many different flowers grow on them. How do they grow? Now you will show it.

On the bed

1) "Grain". V .: lying on your back, pull your knees to your chest, clasp them with your hands, group - rolls back and forth, then straighten up.

2) "Stalk". V .: lying on your back, slightly helping with your hands, sit down, pull your hands up, in and. P.

3) “Leaf-buds”. IN.; kneeling, hands together, palms together, imitation of the movements of blossoming leaves, buds.

4) “The flower grows”. V .: sitting on your heels, slowly kneel, raise your hands up, return to and. P.

On the floor

5) “The flower is blooming”. I. p .: about. Art. V .: slowly raise your hands through the sides up, rise on your toes, in and. n. (round hands).

6) “Flowers tremble in the wind.” V .: shaking with the hands, springs - at the same time.

7) Light running in place, jumping, dance moves.

8) Breathing exercise.

Entertainment for younger children “Visiting Aibolit”

The arrival of Dr. Aibolit, a conversation with children about the rules of hygiene.

Target: to consolidate children's knowledge about cultural and hygienic skills, about the appointment of personal hygiene items.

The teacher seats the children on chairs, there is a knock on the door, Aibolit enters.

Aibolit: Hello children. Are you sick?

I am very glad to be with you.
with healthy friends.
Do you know me?
Looks like an old man
I am affectionate, good.
I'm kind even in appearance
My name is Doctor Aibolit.

There is a knock, a boy runs in.

Boy:

doctor, doctor,
I have a stomach ache
And it won't survive.
Oh, oh, it hurts
Can `t stand.
I can die.

Aibolit (examines):

I'll take a look and do what I can to help.
Trouble came from unwashed hands
Vegetables, I do not like such children,
Take your medicine quickly.

(Gives milk and vitamins.)

Boy:

Doesn't hurt, doesn't hurt
Thank you, Aibolit.
To be healthy and strong
Wash fruits and vegetables
All without exception.
There is no doubt about this.
Eat, guys, them both in summer and in winter,
Wash them guys with clean and running water.

The boy puts a basket of apples on the table, thanks Aibolit and stays with the guys. Again there is a knock on the door, the girl appears, her hands and face are dirty.

Aibolit: Oh, you grimy girl, where did you get your dress so dirty?

Girl: It's the candy's fault. I put them in my pocket and they stained my dress.

Aibolit: Oh, you grimy girl, where did you smear your hands and knees like that? Girl: It's Trezor's fault, he crawled out from under the fence and started barking at me: “Woof! Woof! Get on the fence." I climbed.

Aibolit: Well, why are you so disheveled?

Girl: And it's the wind's fault. I run and he follows me. I hid under a bush, and he found me there, I climbed under the stairs, and he found me there too. It's not my fault at all. Aibolit: Oh, was it really so? Give me soap! The girl, frightened, runs away.

Aibolit(asks the children): Why did she get scared and run away? That's right, she's afraid of soap. Are you not afraid? Can you wash? And now I'll check.

Aibolit takes out various items from his suitcase: soap, soap dish, washcloth, towel, comb, clothes brush, toothbrush, toothpaste, cup.

Aibolit: That's how many different items I have. Now I will call two children. One needs to select the items that are needed in order to wash, the second - to brush their teeth. The children choose the items they need. The doctor clarifies their name.

Aibolit: Well done, it is immediately clear that in this group the children are always neat, tidy, they love cleanliness.

In parting, Aibolit gives the kids combs and toothbrushes.

Physical culture leisure “Winter fun”

Children to the music of A. Lenin "Winter Song" run into the site.

Children's answers.

The snowman dances to the Russian folk tune “Polyanka”, invites the children.

Snowman: While you were playing here, I made some snowballs for you. Now Santa Claus and I will defend the fortress, and you guys try to take it.

The game "Taking the Fortress" (knock down kasbachki from the towers of the fortress with snowballs). Santa Claus draws a line with colored water at a distance of 2.5 m from the snow fortress. The player has no right to cross it.

The leader gives a signal: “To storm, hurrah!”. Finally, the fortress is taken. The winners are awarded.

Gymnastics after sleep “Little Witch”

Once upon a time there lived a little witch in a small cave. (We wake up and make a cave out of a blanket.)

She lived alone and was bored. Then the sorceress decided: “And I’ll prepare a magic potion that will put all the children on earth to sleep. And while they sleep, I will play with their toys. Here's some fun!" And one dark night, the sorceress was going to prepare a magical sleeping potion.

She looked to see if anyone was around and went outside. (We open one eye, the other, stick our head out.)

She made the cave invisible with a spell and went for various potions. (We get out from under the blanket, straighten it.)

"Darkness! I can not see anything! Where is the moon? Here she is! (Head turns left and right, up and down.) Let me collect the moonlight, it is very necessary in witchcraft. (We stretch up, stand on tiptoe.) And now I need herbs for the potion. This weed is for invisibility. This one is for transformations. This one is for flying. (Tilts forward. We take the grass, straighten up, “put it in our pocket.”) No frogs! You have to go to the swamp.

What a quagmire! From bump to bump, so as not to suck. (We walk “on bumps”: it can be a bench, at a small distance from each other there are chairs, spread out pieces of paper or packages.)

Where are my frogs? I'll get it now! Aha! One more! (Squatting down, we jump after the frogs, clapping our hands outstretched forward.)

Oh, again the moon hid behind a cloud. Nothing, where are the frogs? Ugh, everyone is hiding. And there are no swamp bumps to be seen. (Push-ups from the floor. If you have enough strength, then we rest only on the toes and palms or on the socks, knees and palms. A simple option: lying on your stomach, raise the front of the body.)

The swamp is sucking me in! Need to get out! (Those legs are high, swing your legs.) Now it's time to run home, cook the witch's decoction. Past the swamp, past the meadow, rich in herbs. Into the witch's kitchen." (Run.)

She fell to the floor and laughed. (Lying on your back, dangle your arms and legs, “ride a bike”, roll on your back, clasping your knees with your hands. To complicate: rises to a sitting position, holding hands on your stomach.)

"Organization of active recreation in the preschool educational institution"

Plan

1. Introduction. Page 2.

2. Physical culture leisure. Page 4.

3. Sports holiday. Page 6.

4. Day of health. Page 9.

5. The simplest type of children's tourism. Page 10.

6. Holidays. Page 12.

7. List of used literature. Page 13.

The task of creating all the necessary conditions for children to grow up physically healthy and strong is one of the most important. Therefore, only one in which the physical education of children occupies a large place can be considered correctly organized educational work.

It is known that as a result of learning activities associated with prolonged maintenance of a static posture, children develop fatigue, activity and attention decrease, and perception decreases. Performing physical exercises causes active work of the muscles, and this, in turn, increases blood circulation and thereby increases the intensity of the heart, activates the activity of the nervous system, increases the tone of the whole organism, and restores working capacity.

In order for children to grow up healthy and cheerful, so that conditions are created for solving the problems of their mental, moral and physical development, it is necessary to alternate work and rest, mental activities and physical exercises, games, and entertainment.

One of the forms of organization of motor activity of children is active rest in kindergarten.

Active rest in kindergarten:

§ Physical culture leisure;

§ Sports holidays;

§ Days of health;

§ Children's tourism;

§ Holidays.

These forms of work are not aimed at honing the technique of performing certain exercises, but at cultivating positive emotions, high physical activity of children, and free and unconstrained mutual understanding.

Active recreation solves both general and particular problems. General Tasks- health, education and training. The following tasks can be classified as private:

Ø Raise the emotional mood of children;

Ø Instill in preschoolers a strong interest and need for physical education;

Ø Promote the formation of correct posture;

Ø Increase physical performance;

Ø Develop basic physical qualities;

Ø Improve the basic types of movements.

The solution of these problems is entirely aimed at educating a harmoniously developed personality.

Physical culture leisure- one of the brightest, emotional moments in the daily life of children, uniting them with fun, motor activities.

Leisure planning is carried out taking into account the level of general physical development of children in this group and their motor capabilities.

The physical culture leisure program is compiled in different ways: in the younger and middle groups, simple games with emotional assignments predominate: whoever brings the toys, runs up and lines up near the doll, performs fun game actions with it, etc.

In the older groups, children identify their motor skills individually and collectively - in teams in fun simple games with competition and in relay races, and in a preparatory group for school and in sports games. Older children also participate in a competition such as a small sports day. When performing physical education tasks, they show dexterity, speed, strength, endurance. Leisure activities include attractions that are interesting and accessible to children, causing a general cheerful mood; Dances and dances familiar to children can also be used.

The main task of the educator during leisure activities is to create a joyful mood in children and the opportunity to improve motor skills in a relaxed atmosphere that disposes all children to creative friendly activities.

E.Ya.Stepanenkova in the Program and guidelines for physical education in kindergarten determines the duration for physical education:

§ For the 2nd younger group - once a month 20 minutes;

§ For the middle group - once a month 20 minutes;

§ Senior group - once a month 25 - 30 minutes;

§ School preparatory group - once a month 40 minutes.

Sports holiday in a children's institution is a demonstration of a healthy, cheerful state of children and their achievements in the formation of motor skills. Saturated with the dynamics of motor content, held in the fresh air, it is a joyful event in the life of children.

The basis of the program of a sports holiday should be fun outdoor games and a variety of physical exercises that reflect the motor skills acquired by children over a certain period of time. Assimilated in regular physical education classes, they do not require special training and naturally merge into the festive program, giving children great pleasure.

Preparation for the holiday should not violate the planned educational work. Repeatedly repeated “numbers” before the holiday, often without taking into account the duration in time, cause physical and mental fatigue in children, loss of interest, dulling of emotions and performing them at the holiday as a memorized lesson. The holiday should be the result of systematic work with children.

Sports holidays, differing only in their specific content, can be very diverse in program and structure.

This holiday stands out against the background of everyday life with an unusual decoration of the site, smartly decorated sports aids: flowers, lanterns, ribbons, etc. change the usual look of the playground, causing a joyful expectation and a festive mood in children. In the process of the holiday itself, music plays an important role, creating an emotional uplift and uniting children with a cheerful, cheerful mood.

The first part of the holiday can be built in the form of a sports parade, which begins with a general procession of children, divided into separate teams, marching with their pennant and badges. The movements of children, combined with songs, poems, cause an emotional upsurge. Following this, children can demonstrate their achievements in games and exercises. Senior groups participate in the competition available to them (in running, throwing, jumping, etc.), in relay race games. Fun rides may be included. All this is carried out taking into account the time for each age group.

The program of the second part of the holiday can be organized in the form of a spectacle - a puppet theater, a concert with the participation of adults and children, or in the form of a walk in the "magic forest". Surprise moments are an indispensable component of this part: the appearance of some fairy-tale characters, a magician, etc.

At the end of the holiday, a good mood is supported by a general dance, when the children, at the suggestion of the host, invite guests: parents, teachers, kindergarten employees.

Sports holidays are good in winter. Their content is also made up of the motor activity of children, which is typical for this season - sledding with tasks for dexterity, skating and playing games, skiing, playing hockey, fun outdoor games, mass simple dances and surprise moments prepared by adults or schoolchildren. The winter holiday can be organized around the New Year tree as a holiday of the Russian winter or in the form of games on certain topics (“Journey to the North”, “Journey”, etc.) children. The use of colorful trappings and music make them extraordinarily and re-attractive. In the winter holiday, songs and poems performed by children are not heard, however, music, the leader’s address (in verse or prose) give a festive mood and unite the individual actions and games of children into a single whole. Surprise moments - a source of joyful surprise and laughter - are performed by adults or schoolchildren.

Children can participate in the preparation of festive decoration available to them. On the day of the holiday, the life of children should not be disturbed by unnecessary haste, disruption of the regime, nervousness.

The holiday can be held in the form of a physical culture and sports musical and theatrical performance. Its content is a fairy tale familiar to children. Children free fairy-tale heroes, overcoming obstacles, competing with a negative character.

With the general interest of adults in the success of the holiday, their desire to bring joy and pleasure to children, to carry out everything planned in the plan, the total duration of the holiday should not exceed 45 minutes - 1 hour.

In the Physical Education Program of E.Ya Stepanenkova, it is recommended to hold physical education holidays in middle and senior groups two to three times a year.

health day it is recommended to carry out in accordance with the instructions of the program, starting with the 2nd junior group. Its task is to take care of the prevention of the nervous system of the child, the improvement of his body in close connection with the maintenance of a positive emotional state of the psyche. Therefore, on this day, children should be provided maximum stay on air and, if possible, spend it in nature. Children are exempted from activities that require mental stress. They play interesting and favorite games for them, sing, listen to music, calmly, cheerfully communicate with each other.

The planning of this day should take into account the interests of children of this age group, their favorite activities, and prevent conflicts. The program of this day can include outdoor games, game exercises, elements of sports games and exercises, fun relay races, entertainment and fun, overcoming various natural obstacles.

Walking tours and excursions outside the children's institution are the simplest kind of child tourism. These are interesting and useful for children small trips with a specific purpose. They promote health, physical development of children, education of aesthetic feelings, communication with nature, improvement of motor skills and physical qualities.

Often, children, doing well in various exercises in a familiar room or in a kindergarten area, are lost in a new environment. The changing natural conditions that children encounter during long walks contribute to the education of the necessary life orientation in the area, determination, courage, general endurance, and the strengthening of friendly relations.

During each tourist trip, certain tasks are solved. Therefore, it is necessary every time to clearly develop the route, determine the places of stops, the necessary equipment, clothing (depending on the weather). The plan and route are coordinated with medical workers. On the eve of the hike, the teacher conducts a conversation with the children, invites parents to take part in the hike.

The form of organization of children during the trip depends on the conditions in which it is carried out. Most often, children go freely in the forest.

During the rest, educators check the condition of the children, their clothes.

Instructions for protecting the life and health of children.

1. The route must be carefully studied by adults.

2. Children must be accompanied by at least 2 adults.

3. Clothes of children in order to avoid overheating or hypothermia of the body must be appropriate for the season.

4. Every adult should be well aware of the contents of the first aid kit and the rules for using it in order to be able to provide first aid if necessary.

5. When crossing streets, roads, the teacher must follow the rules of the road.

6. The teacher must take into account the physical abilities of children.

Rules of conduct for children.

1. Strictly obey the teacher.

2. Do not tear plants without permission.

3. Do not leave a friend in trouble, always come to his rescue; help the weak.

4. Always keep the place of rest clean.

Holidays are provided by the program at the beginning of January and the end of March, lasting each time during the week. Their tasks have a common focus with health days - to ensure the rest of the child's nervous system, to create conditions conducive to healing and strengthening the body in unity with an emotionally positive state of mind. The content of the holidays can be artistic and creative, musical, physical education activities. Simple hiking trips are very useful. If possible, it is very useful to go out of town to a rest home or to a kindergarten cottage. The new environment, skiing, skiing and playing in nature will bring children's lives closer to a sanitary regime, the health-improving value of which is undeniable. The organization of such holidays for children requires thoughtfulness and careful preparation.

Winter sports week plan (holidays).

1st day: construction of a snow town.

2nd day: snow festival in the snow town;

3rd day: for 5-year-olds - cross-country skiing; for 4-year-olds - sports games in the town of the Palace;

4th day: for 3-year-olds - sports games in a snow town; for 4-year-olds - ski competitions; for 5-year-olds and 6-year-olds - sports games;

5th day: sledding, skiing, sports games;

Bibliography.

A.V. Keneman, D.V. Khukhlaeva. "Theory and methods of physical education of preschool children."

E.Ya.Stepanenkova. "Physical education in kindergarten". Program and methodical recommendations.

"Physical education of preschool children". From work experience. Compiled by Yu.F.Luuri.

E.J. Adashkyavichene. Sports games and exercises in kindergarten.

"Toy in the pedagogical process

kindergarten."

Plan.

1. History of the Toy.

2. The role of toys in a child's life.

3. The role of toys in the pedagogical process.

4. Kinds of toys.

5. Methods for introducing a child to a new toy in a preschool.

6. Requirements for toys.

7. List of used literature.

“To this day, the toys that were given to children served to increase their knowledge, and through them they met

with many things in the world."

EkaterinaII

1. The history of the toy.

A toy is a relatively fragile item and its life is short, so it is very difficult to determine the time of the appearance of toys. It is quite obvious that the first toys were close to tools adapted to the strength of the child. Small bow, arrows looked like genuine ones. They were made by adults in order to develop accuracy, clarity and coordination of movements in children. Much later, toys depicting animals, birds, and figures of people were discovered.

From the history of the world toy.

In Vv. BC. in the sky China the first kites appeared, which are still played by adults and children.

Mechanical constructor - a set of strips with holes, nuts and bolts, with which, with which you can build cranes, winches, carts, mills, was invented by Hornby's clerk from the butcher's shop English city ​​of Liverpool in 1900.

The designer of multi-colored cubes was invented about 200 years ago in Germany a man named Liebig.

Already in the XIII century. French dolls became trendsetters and were insanely expensive. For them, as for Barbie, they made dollhouses with full furnishings, but not from plastic. The house was made of valuable wood, and the dishes were made of silver and porcelain. All this was kept and passed down from mother to daughter, like other family jewels.

For a long time, toys were created in the family by adults during leisure hours "for fun" for children. Toys reflected the love for children, the desire to please them, to amuse, to teach them something. In the manufacture of toys, creative invention, understanding of the interests of children, their desires were manifested. The toy reflected the characteristic features of people's work, love for nature, knowledge of it, reproduced the features and habits of animals and birds.

Since the time of F. Frebel, much attention has been paid to building materials for children's games. They were produced in many different sizes and designs.

The first doll in Russia was made of wood. In central Russia, a rag doll made of white canvas is known. A white-faced girl always had a braid of tow or natural hair, but there was no face so that evil spirits would not inhabit her. They could not do without a doll even in the poorest house. Almost every peasant woman knew how to make dolls herself.

The most talented craftsmen began to make toys not only for their children, but also for sale. Gradually, a toy industry arose. In Russia, a large toy industry was in the village of Bogorodskoye near Moscow (first mentioned in 1663). The bear enjoyed special attention among the Bogorodsk carvers. In the toy, he was endowed with the characteristic features of a leisurely, clubfoot forest dweller, as well as human qualities: diligence, curiosity, passion for fun, music.

In the village Babenki Podolsky district of the Moscow region in 1911. An artel of Russian craftsmen was organized, famous for making turned-polished toys: cones, turrets from rings of different colors, etc. Babensky toys are distinguished by clear shapes, purity and richness of color, their simple design allows you to perform a variety of actions with toys. In the Nizhny Novgorod province (now the Gorky region) in Khokhloma village craftsmen who made wooden toys (samovars, chaskas, etc.) painted them in golden-red tones. IN village of Gorodets engaged in the carving of skates, goats, bulls, in s.Semenovo dolls were made. In the Vyatka province (now the Kirov region) in .Dymkovo Since ancient times, there has been a clay (Dymkovo) toy, a feature of which is the plasticity of forms and bright, colorful painting. The range of Dymkovo toys is diverse. Here are the whistle toys themselves - small lionfish, lambs, horses, riders on horseback. Larger figures approaching the decorative table sculpture - ladies, nannies, nurses, water carriers, dashing hussars, large figurines of animals and birds. Finally, whole compositions, for example, Shrovetide riding on inclined logs doused with water and covered with an ice crust; milkmaid with a cow, etc. Filimonovo village Tula region toys created bizarre images of horses, cows, bulls, bears. Using a plastic material - clay, they did not strive for plausibility. These toys are distinguished by an elongated neck shape, the rhythm of colorful stripes.

The Toy Museum was founded in 1920 in Moscow. In 1931 the Museum was transferred to Zagorsk (now Sergiev Posad).

2. The role of toys in a child's life.

Toy - an item specially designed for children's games. Its use contributes to the expansion of children's horizons, the development of interest in the objects and phenomena of reality reflected in it, and the development of independence. In joint games with toys, children form friendly relationships, the ability to coordinate their actions.

The normal development of a child, the formation of his inner world is unthinkable without a game, and therefore without a toy. Toys for a child are the "environment" that allows you to explore the world around you, form and realize creative abilities, express feelings; toys teach to communicate and learn about yourself. The basis of the development of a small child is good health, cheerfulness. Favorite children's toys (ball, skittles, hoop, etc.) encourage kids to run, throw, throw, jump, i.e. develop movements, satisfy the needs for motor activity, communication. Toys with a surprise, sounding, clockwork cause surprise, unexpected joy, make them laugh and amuse, make the child's life happier. Toys for a small child are a kind of window to the world, they expand his horizons, awaken curiosity. Many objects enter a child's life through toys depicting animals, technology, etc. There are toys with which the child solves problematic problems, learns to think independently, and experiment. A toy, according to the figurative expression of A.S. Makarenko, is the “material basis” of the game, it is necessary for the development of gaming activity. With its help, the child creates a conceived image, expresses his impressions of the surrounding life, plays a particular role. Thus, a toy, as E.A. Flerina rightly noted, “teaches a child to live and act.”

3. The role of toys in the pedagogical process.

The game is one of the most effective means of education. Mental abilities, moral qualities, aesthetic feelings are brought up in the process of interesting gaming activities. Game and toy are inseparable concepts. A toy is an item specially designed for children's play.

Didactic toys are designed so that the child, playing with them, learns new actions, acquires certain skills.

educational task such toys - to check, clarify, expand the knowledge of children, develop their memory, attention, ingenuity.

With any of the sports toys, you can play a lot of different dynamic games. Such toys solve the problem physical development of children , the development of a variety of motor skills and abilities.

Being an indispensable companion of childhood, an object of entertainment, experiences, fun, a toy has a general educational value, serves the purpose of versatile development. Wide circle educational tasks is solved due to the variety of toys in terms of content, types, materials, performance technique, age purpose.

KD Ushinsky was one of the first to draw attention to the fact that a toy is a kind of school for educating a child's feelings. “A child sincerely attaches himself to his toys, loves them passionately and tenderly, and loves in them not their beauty, but those pictures of the imagination that he himself tied to them” (K.D. Ushinsky).

4. Kinds of toys.

Types of toys are divided according to the principle of correlation with different types of games: plot, didactic, sports, entertainment games.

Plot-shaped toys .

The prototype of these toys are animate and inanimate objects of the surrounding world, which are used mainly in story games: dolls, figurines of people, animal figurines, game items etc. They can be simple and with special devices and mechanisms - groovy, voiced. Story-shaped toys include theatrical toys. Sets of toys depicting familiar heroes of fairy tales for a tabletop (volumetric or planar) theater, flannelgraph with figures and decoration made of paper on a pile basis. The theme is determined by the “Kindergarten Education and Training Program”, puppet-character puppets made of fabric, commensurate with the hand of an adult. Festive carnival toys necessary to participate in festive matinees and entertainment. Technical toys, displaying the simplest tools, household appliances, various mechanisms, modes of transport.

Didactic toys .

Most didactic toys are designed for the mental and sensory development of children. They actually include didactic toys, didactic games(game sets) with rules , constructors and construction sets (puzzle toys). Any didactic toy poses a practical task for the child, the solution of which lies in the content and design of the toy itself. These are folk toys - colorful balls, pyramids, nesting dolls, mushrooms, small toys, etc., and a variety of games for

design - mosaic, sticks, etc. A special type is board and printed games : lotto, paired pictures, quartets, cubes.

Appointment of games with building material - development of attention, ingenuity, constructive abilities of children. Games with building play materials unite children with the unity of intention and action, striving for the goal - the creation of a building.

Musical toys contribute to the development of children's musical abilities, manifested in the ability to concentrate on the perception of individual musical sounds, to distinguish between their height, timbre coloring, duration, strength (dynamics) of sound; in the desire to listen and recognize the familiar melodies of songs, dances, etc.

Toys for playing with sand, water, wind, snow expand the understanding of the world, provide an opportunity to experience the properties of natural materials.

Sports motor toys.

They are intended, first of all, for the implementation of the tasks of physical education. They help to increase the motor activity of children, the development of coordination of movements, orientation in space, dexterity, courage. These toys can be divided into several groups.

Group 1 - toys that develop the sensory-motor apparatus, strengthen small muscles, contribute to the development of coordination of movements of the hand and fingers, the development of dexterity and eye (tops, fleas, beads, etc.)

2nd group - toys for strengthening the muscles of the forearm and shoulder, developing strength, dexterity, coordination of hand and body movements (serso, hoops, balls, ring throwers, etc.)

3rd group - toys that promote the development of running, jumping, strengthening the muscles of the legs and torso (wheelchairs, hoops, jump ropes, skates, rollers, bicycles, etc.)

The 4th group consists of toys for group games, in which children compete in accuracy, speed, dexterity of movements (ping-pong, basketball, etc.). They contribute to the development of collective relationships, the ability to calculate the force of impact, correlate their movements with the movements of a friend.

Toys are fun.

These toys should evoke curiosity, joy, develop a sense of humor and curiosity in children. They should be used with caution, taking into account the age of the child, his mood. A toy that delights an older preschooler can frighten a toddler.

For younger preschoolers, these are tumblers, funny pendant toys (if you pull the cord, they move and ring), clockwork pecking chickens, etc.

For older preschoolers, mechanical, clockwork, inertial, pneumatic and other toys are used. The topic is expanding: it can be associated with children's ideas about animate and inanimate nature, with fairy-tale characters, etc.

Types of toys according to the degree of readiness:ready-made, collapsible, consisting of transforming parts and parts, blanks and semi-finished products for homemade toys, sets of various materials for creating homemade toys.

DIY toys made by the children themselves or by parents, educators. When making the simplest toy, the child thinks, overcomes difficulties, rejoices in success. Making toys is a feasible and joyful work for a child. Creating a toy, the child strives for creative activity. For homemade toys, natural material is widely used:

cones, acorns, etc. Grateful material for creating homemade toys clay. Suitable for this and junk material. Recently, kits for creating homemade toys have appeared on sale.

Toys by type of raw materials used:wooden, plastic, metal, fabrics, stuffed toys, rubber, paper and cardboard, ceramics, porcelain and earthenware, wood materials, papier-mâché, synthetic materials.

Toys by size:small, medium, large.

Types of toys by functional properties:simple, without moving parts, with moving parts, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, magnetic, electrified, electronic, sets of toys from parts, sets of toys united by a single theme.

Toys by artistic and imaginative solution:realistic, conditional, constructive.

5. Methods of familiarizing the child with a new toy.

The appearance of a new toy in the group is always a joyful event. The method of introducing children to it is determined, first of all, by the tasks that the teacher wants to solve.

By offering a toy depicting an adult, a child, an animal, the teacher shows his positive attitude towards it, thereby arousing the same attitude in children.

When introducing plot-motor toys, it is necessary to disclose their purpose, methods of action with them.

The appearance of a cheerful, funny toy is preceded by an intriguing warning. The expectation of something new by children arouses their interest, sets them up for a joyful perception of the toy.

If the toy is fragile and its mechanism requires careful handling, you need to warn the children about this, show how to handle it.

The process of playing with a toy, learning by children how to handle it is not the same in relation to different toys. Some quickly enter the independent games of children, others require a slower introduction, repeated beating.

For example, when getting acquainted with a doll, children are imbued with a feeling of sympathy for her, but playing with her boils down to feeding her, putting her to bed, dressing her, etc. To expand the ideas of children, the teacher repeatedly shows a variety of toys - "companions" of the doll: her clothes, household items, labor. Introducing preschoolers to a new toy, the teacher is already using elements of the game: on behalf of the doll, she tells where she came from, how and where she lived, what fairy tales, songs, games, etc. she knows. Having aroused interest in the toy, having reported everything necessary about it, the teacher organizes a game with a new toy.

6. Requirements for toys.

In order to develop the personality and protect the interests of children, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, together with the Artistic and Technical Council for Toys, prepared a package of documents on the psychological and pedagogical examination of games and toys.

In the methodical letter of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation dated May 17, 2005 No. 61/19 - 12, the mandatory requirements for toys are formulated.

It is not possible that the toy could:

Ø Provoke the child to aggressive actions;

Ø Cause manifestations of cruelty towards the characters of the game (people and animals), whose roles are played by playing partners (peers and adults) and which are plot toys (Dolls, animals);

Ø Provoke game plots related to immorality and violence;

Ø Generate interest in sexual issues beyond childhood.

Of particular pedagogical value are toys that have the following qualities:

Ø Polyfunctionality (the possibility of their wide use in accordance with the child's plan and the plots of the game, contributing to the development of creative abilities, imagination, the iconic symbolic function of thinking and other qualities);

Ø Didactic properties (the ability to teach a child to design, get acquainted with color and shape, the presence of programmed control mechanisms, for example, in electrified toys);

Ø Ability to use a group of children (the suitability of a toy for use by several children, including with the participation of an adult as a playing partner (for example, collective buildings);

Ø A high artistic and aesthetic level or their belonging to art crafts, ensuring that the child is introduced to the world of art and folk art and folk art.

Basic requirements for toys identified N.K. Krupskaya in the article "On toys for preschool children": the toy should promote child development at every stage of preschool childhood.

The toy intersects the interests and tasks of an adult and a child. A toy must, on the one hand, develop the child's abilities, and on the other hand, bring him joy and pleasure. In order for a toy to contribute to the development of a child, it must be in the interests of the child, meet his needs, be exciting and attractive. Compliance with the interests of the child himself is the most important requirement for toy which actually makes her a toy. The main advantage of a toy that attracts a child is the ability to do something with it. The toy acts as an object of the child's activity and is considered from the position of a possible developing effect. The toy should be as open as possible for transformations. Such universal and popular at all times balls, cubes, inserts, dolls, due to their simplicity, are extremely plastic, allow endless complications, thousands of new combinations. They cannot get bored. From here: openness to a variety of activities, flexibility and simplicity are important requirements for a good toy.

In an accessible and entertaining form, the toy should encourage children to creatively display phenomena, life events, to joint games in which friendships are formed, the ability to coordinate their desires with the desires of their peers, organization, mutual assistance, justice and honesty. In this regard, the special advantage of the toy is the potential focus on a common, joint game.

So, the actions of a child with a toy should be meaningful, variable, independent and included in communication. All these are psychological and pedagogical requirements for a toy.

However, a toy is not only an object of children's activity, but also an object of culture that has absorbed a certain socio-cultural content and passes it on to children. The toy must evoke humane feelings and encourage prosocial actions. It should maintain a caring attitude towards the living, emphasize the human principle in animals, plants, and humans. The presence in the toy of qualities that stimulate violence, cruelty, aggressiveness is unacceptable. Violation of the ethical requirements for a toy, even with its good developmental effect, should be the basis for its negative assessment.

Besides , an important advantage of the toy is its connection with cultural traditions of their people. Russian culture has accumulated enormous wealth associated with the invention and manufacture of toys.

The toy needs an attractive, colorful design in order to evoke an emotional attitude in the child, to cultivate artistic taste.

The creation of toys is always creativity, the invention of something new. Originality of the toy, uniqueness and uniqueness- its undeniable merit.

Hygienic requirements for toys include safety of their use . They are painted with resistant and safe paints and should be easily subjected to hygienic treatment (washing, wiping with disinfectant solutions, ironing).

A threat to a child can be represented by toys with defects that have arisen in the process of “exploitation”, therefore, frequent monitoring of the state of the game material is necessary.

In a preschool, toys must be appropriately placed, which requires the use of certain play equipment: cabinets, racks, boxes, nets for storing balls, etc. Features of storage of toys are due to the need to provide:

Ø Availability of toys for children and the ability to independently dispose of them;

Ø General order, maintaining the attractiveness of each toy;

Ø Preservation of order in the toy farm by the children themselves, careful handling of toys.

To deploy independent games, it is desirable to have modules, transforming toy furniture, stage equipment, and podiums.

The creation of toys in our country is a state deed.

The development of the theme of toys, their design is based on a scientific basis, taking into account the psychology of children, the educational and developmental impact of toys on a child. In 1932, the Toy Research Institute was established in Zagorsk, where artists, sculptors, engineers, and teachers work. The tasks of the institute include technical and advisory assistance to enterprises producing toys.

Bibliography.

"Preschool Pedagogy". V.I. Yadeshko and F.A. Sokhina.

"Preschool Pedagogy" S.A. Kozlikova, T.A. Kulikova.

"Preschool education in Russia". Collection of acting normative-legal documents. Editor-compiler R.B. Sterkina.

"Kindergarten. Book for managers. V.M.Izgarsheva, T.P.Safonova and others.

"Preschool game" Edited by S.L. Novoselova.

"A toy in a child's life." E.A. Kossakovskaya.

"Toys: how to evaluate their quality". (Journal "Preschool Education", No. 4, 2005) E. Smirnova, Doctor of Psychology, Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education.

"Decoration of the premises of preschool institutions." G.N. Panteleev.