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Algorithm for working on cash register. Business portal for success. Who can work with CCP

The Evotor device is a new generation cash register system that allows you to automate the work of an enterprise and simplify the process of transmitting reports to state control authorities. Let's talk about setting up an online cash register and the main stages of working with the device.

Evotor is a mobile cash register that fully complies with the requirements of Federal Law No. 54, which regulates the work of entrepreneurs with cash register equipment. The functions of the terminal are reduced to the following routine trading operations:

  • opening and closing shifts;
  • acceptance of goods;
  • commodity revaluation;
  • sale;
  • return and write-off.

The dimensions of the Evotor cash register allow you to place the device on any counter, while the compact terminal can perform the work of the back office, counting balances in the warehouse and in other stores. The device is compatible with other trading tools (barcode scanner, cash drawer, etc.). Connecting to a bank terminal allows you to pay by card using the Evotor cash register. In addition, the device supports data exchange with EGAIS.

Standard operations with the device can be performed by ordinary employees, but servicing the Evotor cash register (updating, replacing the fiscal drive) should be entrusted to the specialists of the service center (maintenance center). An agreement with a service center allows you to quickly receive qualified assistance.

New Evotor cash register: preparation for work

Before you start working with the Evotor electronic cash register, you need to perform some pre-settings to allow you to trade in accordance with all legal regulations:

  1. connect additional equipment;
  2. enter into a service agreement with .
  3. put the device on .

The basic Evotor cash register program is already ready for autonomous operation and data exchange with the main trading services (, Excel, My Warehouse), however, if necessary, the user can download content from a special store.

How to use the Evotor online cash register

To ensure an easy and pleasant acquaintance with a modern trading device, we will describe the main points of working with a cash register. We also recommend that you familiarize yourself with the training videos posted on the official website of the manufacturer evotor.ru.

For a more in-depth study of business processes, you should study the instructions for KKM Evotor, available for download in various sections of the online manual wiki.evotor.ru.

Opening/closing shift, cash report

Let's find out how to get started, as well as how to withdraw an Evotor cash register and print a cash report:

  1. Open the “Cashier/Open Shift” section, or click the “Sale” button to have the shift open automatically.
  2. To close the Evotor cash register, select the appropriate section in the same menu.
  3. To print a report on the opening/closing of a shift in automatic mode, set these settings in the “Settings/Shift” menu by checking the boxes next to the required reporting documents (X-Report, Z-report).
  4. To print reports manually when opening/closing a cash register, go to the “Cash register/reports” section and select the desired document.

You can make a new cash deposit at the cash desk. Pressing the “Deposit” button automatically opens a shift.

Return and write-off

According to the instructions of the Evotor cashier, in order to return one item or batch of goods to the supplier, you must perform several actions:

In a similar way, a product or an entire batch is written off through the “Products/Write Off” menu, but when returning a purchase to a client, a different procedure is used:

  1. Open the “Return” item in the main menu.
  2. In the window that appears, select the desired product from the list of receipts by document number.
  3. Click on the line with the item being returned.
  4. In the window that opens, check the item information and indicate the quantity of products to be returned. Click "Return".
  5. Please double-check that the information is correct and indicate your payment method.
  6. Print out the receipt and return the money to the client.

If the buyer does not have a receipt left, it is permissible to make a return using the card through Evotor by selecting the desired item in the list of goods with the corresponding icon in the form of a bank credit card. There is also a “Return without document” item in the menu, which allows you to return money to the client without any reason.

Since 2017, the rules for working with cash register systems have changed. Now sellers will have to work with online cash registers, which will transmit all information about payments to the Federal Tax Service in electronic form through a fiscal data operator.

New models of online cash registers (unlike EKLZ) have a fiscal drive. It stores all information about calculations and transmits it electronically through the fiscal data operator to the tax authorities. You can now use your mobile phone or tablet as a cash register.

What do you need to operate an online cash register?

First you need to enter into an agreement with the Fiscal Data Operator. You must conclude an agreement before you decide to register the cash register with the Federal Tax Service. Before July 1, 2017, you will need to deregister the current cash register with the Federal Tax Service. Then find out whether it is possible to upgrade it or purchase a new online cash register. Then register the new cash register with the Federal Tax Service. Now this can be done via the Internet and even at any tax office.

You can find out whether your cash register is subject to modernization on the website of the Federal Tax Service of Russia in the “Cash register equipment” section, on the websites of the cash register manufacturer or the central service center.

The model of your online cash register must be indicated in the cash register register approved by the Federal Tax Service, and the cash register itself must be used at the place of settlement with the buyer at the time the payment is made by the same person.

How does an online cash register work?

The new procedure for using cash registers has changed the rules and procedure for working on cash register equipment. CCPs can now produce not only cash receipts, but also strict reporting forms.

The operating procedure of the online cash register involves issuing an electronic receipt and sending it to the buyer (to his e-mail or mobile phone). Now cash receipts will indicate the fiscal document number, the fiscal attribute of the document, the shift number, the serial number for the shift, the type of taxation and other details.

A mandatory element of a cash register receipt is a QR code, thanks to which any buyer can check the legality of the purchase being made. The cash receipt must be generated no later than 24 hours from the moment the report on the opening of the shift is generated.

Information about each punched check is stored in the fiscal drive. If your Internet suddenly goes off, you can continue to work on your cash register, making payments to customers. All data on settlements will be in the fiscal storage device, which will save all information for 30 days and, when the connection is restored, will transfer it through the fiscal data operator to the Federal Tax Service.

After 30 days without communication, the cash register's fiscal drive is blocked.

How to use a new cash register

Before starting work, the cashier must issue a report on the beginning of the shift, and at the end of the working day - a report on closing.

As soon as the cashier punches the check, the check data immediately goes into the cash register’s fiscal storage device and is transmitted to the fiscal data operator (OFD) via the Internet.

The OFD sends a response to the cash desk about receiving the information and at the same time transmits the data to the Federal Tax Service. If your connection is lost, the data is stored in the fiscal drive for up to 30 days and sent to the OFD as soon as the connection is restored.

The OFD stores information about transferred checks for 5 years, after which it is destroyed.

Who can work without an online cash register?

Until July 1, 2018, online cash registers may not be used:

  • organizations and individual entrepreneurs performing work and providing services to the public, subject to the issuance of strict reporting forms;
  • organizations and individual entrepreneurs engaged in trading using vending machines (vending);
  • Individual entrepreneurs using the patent tax system.

Online cash registers will not be used for the sale of newspapers and magazines; valuable papers; travel documents; at markets, fairs and exhibition complexes; peddling trade; shoe repair; caring for children, the sick and elderly, and in many other cases.

In hard-to-reach areas, cash register systems may not be used, and in areas remote from communication networks, work on new cash registers is used without submitting fiscal documents to the Federal Tax Service.

In our era of total informatization of society, the state is doing everything to ensure maximum control over cash flows. This is typical for all countries of the world, and Russia is no exception.

However, you should not consider this unit solely as an expensive burden - working on a cash register and cash register has a number of advantages for business. If, of course, you use it correctly.

To do this, we will devote one of the sections of the article to instructions.

In 2016, legislators introduced new norms and concepts in the field of cash register systems into Russian use. The second part of the article is a brief overview of these legislative initiatives.

The reform is being carried out, as always, under the pretext of deregulation, but it incurs additional costs for business. Among them, for example, is the mandatory use of a fiscal drive and an electronic check.

What is it and how work with the cash register using the new system? All this requires clarification.

History of the issue and instructions for operating a cash register

Nowadays, the question “how to operate a cash register or cash register” causes a lot of indignation among entrepreneurs and complaints about unnecessary expenses. But they are installed all over the world, and there is no such resistance there.

So, after all, is cash register equipment (cash register equipment) a punishment or an advantage?

Now it’s hard to imagine, but initially cash registers, cash registers and cash registers were promoted by business, and the state resisted.

At first, officials were categorically against such incomprehensible innovations, although gradually they gave in, agreeing to make cash register and cash register mandatory for everyone.

Since that time, working on a cash register has become part of the routine of any more or less large business.

1) KKT and KKM - where did they come from?

It should be noted here that the first mechanical analogs of cash registers and cash registers in general appeared back in 1875. Moreover, there is an exact date of “birth” of the first cash register – July 13, 1875, Massachusetts, USA.

The role of Papa Carlo, who “planed” the mechanical first-born, was played by David Brown, the “father” of all modern CCTs. He first used his invention in 1879 in a major department store in New York.

Cash register was a whole system where working on a cash register gave birth to a new class or, rather, a new profession - the cashier.
There they not only counted customers, but also sent goods on special hanging boxes.

Each cashier sat like a spider in the center of the “web” - these were the ropes along which these hanging boxes moved as part of the overall giant cash register. The cash register was the main one, but only part of the overall cash register system.

Agree, after such a description of the work of those cashiers, it’s somehow not good to complain about working with modern automatic systems.

Working on a cash register allowed us to establish strict control over cashiers, contributed to the optimization of all processes in the store. These factors led to increased profitability of the department store almost by a third.

Having learned about such a miracle device that prevents employee theft, many wanted to get a cash register for themselves.

However, due to the high cost, at first only large retail chains and only in the USA could introduce cash registers - as they were officially called then, cash register machines, cash registers (in Russia, by the way, for some reason the name cash register equipment - CCT) was adopted. .

However, after just a decade of work on cash registers, cash registers spread throughout the Old World, covering both sides of the Atlantic. Not only large, but also smaller businesses used cash registers with cash register systems.

Operating a cash register has become part of the cultural tradition in the West.

2) Working on a cash register in the twentieth century

The introduction of cash registers and cash registers also began in the Russian Empire, but only in the twentieth century just before the First World War, when working on a cash register was not very relevant (Revolution, you understand).

A real cash boom happened only during the NEP period, and then in the 30s of the twentieth century, just before World War II, when 44 department stores were built throughout the Soviet Union.

But the war again prevented the implementation of CCP... However, there was no business in the USSR, so we will not dwell on this in detail.

However, there was business in the West, and it was doing quite well - cash registers were developing rapidly there.

Working with a cash register has improved every decade - cash registers have become smaller in size and easier to use. Since the 70s, the transition to electronic cash registers began.

Today in the history of CCT began a new round of development – ​​the transition to Internet technologies. From now on, work on the cash register is carried out via the Internet. Even if you, as a buyer, don’t feel the difference, progress does not stand still.

The global reform of cash register systems began 10-15 years ago in developed countries, and in 2017 it finally reached Russia, where, however, it was met with a wave of indignation among small businesses.

3) The main nuances of working with a cash register in modern Russia

Where does the indignation come from if all over the world it was business that introduced such systems, and the state only provided support? Was working on a cash register really too much for Russians?

How do Russian entrepreneurs differ from Western ones?

    Firstly, mentality.

    It just so happens that post-Soviet entrepreneurs are inclined to conduct business not publicly and even illegally.

    If it were not for the tough position of the government, the voluntary introduction of CCP in Russia would not have happened.

    This is, in fact, putting the state into your pocket so that it can find out exactly how much revenue you received.

    Operating a cash register is like having a magnifying glass - the government sees your ins and outs and can tax you on it.

    This is one reason for the indignation, which, however, no one particularly voiced, because it promised problems with fiscal authorities.

    The second reason is that the state has transferred all responsibility (including financial) for reporting, maintenance and purchase of cash register systems to business.

    If for a large and medium-sized enterprise this is in the order of things, then for a small enterprise the purchase of an expensive cash register and operating a cash register, paying for its maintenance and other things can become a very noticeable expense item.

    Do not forget that the introduction of new CCPs in Russia coincided with the collapse of the ruble: After all, cash registers are imported (or with imported chips), which means their prices have risen sharply.

    At the same time, the income of small businesses has decreased. Where to get money? Hence the indignation.

However, disgruntled entrepreneurs are still forced to implement CCP, especially since the state nevertheless made some concessions and introduced the possibility of compensation for those (individual entrepreneurs) who work on the Unified Tax on Imputed Income (UTII), so popular anger turned into ordinary grumbling in the kitchen.

How to operate a cash register in Russia?

As we said in the preamble of the article, we will devote a separate section to the legal features of the “cash reform” in Russia (everything there, as always, is not entirely clear, and therefore raises a lot of questions). For now, let's focus on the technical part.

So, a modern CCP must perform several functions, among which the most important is issuance of a check based on the results of a commodity-money transaction.

Sending an SMS with a receipt to the buyer or other newfangled details do not change the essence of the cash register - making a purchase and recording the cash flow between the store and the buyer (what money was paid and for what goods).

PS. Since 2003, how to work with a cash register in Russia has been regulated by Federal Law No. 54, which was supplemented with new rules in 2016: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_42359.

This introduced the concept of online cash registers, the essence of which is that now all cash registers must be connected to the Internet and instantly send current data to special centers for collecting fiscal information.

Previously, cash registers could work offline (outside the network), and all information had to be recorded on a special control tape (essentially, an internal receipt for use by the store itself).

In new cash register models, this tape is replaced by a special block - the so-called fiscal drive, where all information transmitted via the Internet will be duplicated.

This is necessary in case of interruptions in the Internet - the cash register turns off if there is no connection for 30 days.

Despite some innovations regarding the Internet, the principles of how to work with a cash register remain the same as they were in Federal Law No. 54.

As then, the legislation requires all entrepreneurs working with cash or payment cards to have a cash register (that is, in fact, for everyone).

Detailed instructions for working with a cash register

Entrepreneurs of the old school are categorically against CCT, citing the fact that it is impossible to understand all these buttons without outside help.

However, the practice of their use since 2003 shows the opposite - mastering a CCT is no more difficult than a modern mobile phone.

Rather, it’s even simpler, since the set of operations in cash registers is the same. As you know, the same set of actions is remembered very easily, forming muscle memory - the hands themselves will make the usual movements.

We wrote earlier that CCPs are imported and therefore become more expensive, but this is not entirely true.

They may be domestically produced, but their components are still foreign, so exchange rate fluctuations still affect the cost of the cash register.

The first commandment of a future cashier is to read the instructions.

Only in our latitudes is it customary to first assemble the device without instructions, discover “extra” parts, and only then begin to study the accompanying documentation.

All over the world they start with the included instructions - we will start with this too.

1. When starting the device...

Before the first start, the cashier must perform several important actions:

    Check the integrity of the CCP and all its blocks.

    There are no unimportant details in the cash register, but still maximum attention should be paid to the integrity of the block where cash is stored, as well as the fiscal drive.

    All cash register systems must work, then work on the cash register will become as automated as possible.

  1. Then you need to check is the cash register cleared?(zeroing is done after each working day, when the daily revenue is withdrawn from the cash register).
  2. In parallel with this, you need to pay attention to the time and date in the cash register to see if they are configured correctly.

    3. You need to check all this by printing a zero check on your cash register, or better yet two.

    This will not only help you accurately check the date, but will also make it possible to check whether the printing mechanism is working, whether the ribbon is threaded, etc.

2. Turning on the cash register

If we describe all the work with CCP step by step, then the instructions will look like this:

  1. Visually inspect the CCP to see if there is any damage, if all blocks are closed, etc.

    2. Turn on the device: some cash register models have a button on the rear panel, while others, instead of pressing a button, you need to turn the key on the front (to the “REG” position).

    The result of these actions should be a switched on scoreboard with four zeros.

    Checking cash registers - experts recommend checking the printing of receipts and the operation of all systems before starting the working day.

    To do this, print one or two blank checks by pressing the “Payment” or “Cash” button with zeros on the display.

That's it, the CCP is turned on and ready to work. This algorithm is repeated every time the device is started.

3. How to serve a client when working at a cash register?

After launching the cash register, it’s time to start serving customers.

This process can also be shown as a short instruction:

    If the cash register is equipped with a sensor for reading a barcode, information about the product will immediately go to the cash register computer.

    If not, the cost and product/category code must be entered into the cash register manually.

  1. If there are several products, then all the data must be entered into the cash register as indicated in paragraph 1.
  2. Click the “Payment” or “Cash” button to complete the purchase - this will open the cash register block where cash is stored.
  3. Place the payment there or pay the client change.

    4. Modern cash registers also calculate the amount of change themselves: the cashier enters into the cash register not only the purchase amount, but also the amount received from the buyer, and the cash register itself determines the amount of change.

    Modern cash registers are also connected to a bank terminal for reading payment cards.

    In this case, the terminal can issue one or two checks (depending on the bank).

    If there are two, you give one to the client, and leave the second at the enterprise for reporting along with the cash register.

  4. Print the receipt (produced automatically) and give it to the client along with the goods.

Modern CCP is capable of performing a number of additional functions.

For example, the “%” button allows you to sell products at a discount. In this case, the discount is determined automatically, which allows the cashier not to rack his brains over price changes.

You just need to enter the original cost of the product, and then click on 5 (10 or 15 is the amount of your discount) and “%” - and you’re done.

PS. It is important that discounts can be configured not only for individual products, but also for entire groups - shoes, groceries, spare parts.

4. Replacing the tape when working with a cash register

The tape that your cash register turns into receipts regularly runs out. If your trading is brisk, then this can happen several times a day.

To be fair, this situation rarely happens, except in large retail chains with high traffic.

But even if you are a small individual entrepreneur, rest assured that the tape in your cash register will run out sooner or later. Operating a cash register requires that you know how to change it.

Universal instructions for replacing the tape in a cash register (more details in the instructions for specific cash register models):

    To understand that your tape is running out, you need to carefully look at the receipts - a pink line is applied at the end of the roll.

    If there was such a line on the last check, then it’s time to replace the fly.

  1. Print a new ribbon from the block.
  2. Lift the cash register cover in the place where the tape is issued after purchase (most often there is a latch on the side, but on older models it does not lock in any way and simply rises up).
  3. Pull out the old paper spool and insert a new one in its place.
  4. Separate the edge of the inserted tape from the reel and insert it into the CCT clamp with the unwinding down.
  5. Pull the edge of the tape, pulling it through the paper receptacle into the KKT printing device.
  6. Close and secure the CCP cover.

    7. Press the "Up" or "BL" key to rewind the tape a little.

    This way it will be better fixed in the cash register, and the very edge of the tape will appear from the slot that issues receipts.

  7. If there is excess paper sticking out of your cash register, it is recommended to tear it off so that the edges of the receipt are even.
  8. The old tape is not thrown away, but sealed and handed over to the responsible person, or directly to the director for reporting on CCP.

Despite the rather long description of 10 points, everything is quite simple and prosaic: open the lid, take out the old roll, insert a new one, close the lid.

Working with a cash register may seem difficult only at first glance - you just need to repeat this procedure a couple of times so that everything reaches the level of automation.

The nuance is that it is practically impossible to replace the ribbon incorrectly - the device itself will “notify” you about this: either the lid will not close, or the paper will not come out where it should, or the sensor inside the device will show “no paper”.

Just watch your device like a plastic pet that needs to be fed on time. Something like the old Tamagotchi toy.

How to work with a cash register from a legal point of view?


As we announced, the most difficult moment was left for “snack” - the legal nuances of using CCT in Russia.

First, let's answer the question - who can work for cash register systems.

Then we will describe the legislative innovations, and at the end we will summarize with an estimate: how much does a cash register cost and how much will it cost to maintain it after “updating” the legislation.

Answer #1. Who has legal access to a cash register?

To gain access to the cash register, all employees, except the director, must enter into an agreement on full financial responsibility.

This should prevent theft and other unfavorable issues that may arise when working with money.

Such an agreement for working on a cash register, of course, is not needed by a business owner - an entrepreneur. He is already a responsible person from the point of view of the Federal Tax Service (FTS).

Important point– before opening the cash registers in the store, at the beginning of the working day, the director of the establishment or an individual entrepreneur is required to start the cash register counter and open its drive.

You also need to print a report receipt, which shows the total amounts at the cash register for the last day. It is important to compare his readings with the audit trail.

At the end of the working day, all reporting information is entered into this journal. The Director is also required to accept used tape and other supplies.

All reports and, in general, all documentation related to CCP are certified by the director or individual entrepreneur with his signature - only after that these papers acquire the status of an official document.

In addition, the law prescribes that the director/individual entrepreneur must:

  • maintain a cash book;
  • draw up a new tape (enters the cash register number, the start date of using the new tape, and the registrar’s readings in the journal);
  • store spare cash register and ink tapes;
  • issue driving keys to employees;
  • store and issue small change coins and small bills for reporting purposes;
  • and the most important thing is to receive the cash at the end of the day.

The cashier is required to accept the cash register and provide its basic functions (customer service, replacing tapes and issuing revenue at the end of the working day).

As you can see, the greatest share of responsibility falls on the director and the person in charge (head of department), who will be responsible for receiving revenue and all operations with money and fixed assets of the enterprise.

Answer #2. Innovations in working with a cash register in recent years


The main innovation in the legislative field of Russia regarding cash registers is their transformation from the category of ordinary cash register equipment (established by Federal Law No. 54 of 2003) into the category of “online cash registers” (the norm is introduced by Federal Law No. 290 of 2016).

This is being done both as part of the “modernization” of the state’s fiscal policy, transfer to modern Internet technologies, and for stricter control over business in order to increase tax revenues to the treasury.

From now on, all information will be received by the fiscal authorities instantly, via the Internet, which means that any manipulations with revenue will be much more difficult.

Law No. 290 came into force on July 15, 2016: https://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040160

In addition to the transition to modern technologies, he introduced another innovation - the concept of a “fiscal data operator”.

These are intermediaries between the Federal Tax Service and the entrepreneur himself, who receives and stores all fiscal information coming from the individual entrepreneur.

Despite the fact that the law already came into force last summer, the state has drawn up a “Road Map” for businesses, which gives time and opportunity to prepare for the new requirements.

Thus, the legislator has prepared the following stages for the introduction of innovations in the field of CCP:

№ DeadlinesDescription
1. From 07/15/2016 to 06/30/2017The voluntary use of online cash registers is being introduced in Russia - online cash registers and old cash registers operate in parallel.
2. From 02/01/2017Registration of old cash registers is stopped, but previously registered devices can continue to be used for now.
3. From 01.07.2017All enterprises, except individual entrepreneurs on UTII, are required to abandon old cash registers and switch to online cash registers.
4. From 01.07.2018From now on, those who were previously given a deferment by the government - individual entrepreneurs on UTII and on patents - should also switch to online cash registers.

How to work with a cash register in new conditions?


If you have been working for a long time and you already have a cash register, then you need to check with the manufacturer whether your “original” machine can be upgraded. This can bring you serious savings.

But here it is important to ask not only about the technical side of the issue - about the “hardware”, but also about the “software” - the software.

The fact is that not all manufacturers can provide suitable software approved by the Federal Tax Service.

If you are just starting a business and you need to purchase such a cash register, then immediately pay attention to the software (“firmware”) and the presence of elements such as a fiscal drive (older models had a tape).

Here you need to be careful not to unknowingly purchase a device that will be unusable from 2018.

PS. Registration of a new/updated device is carried out through the Federal Tax Service website in the personal account of the OFD. That is, simply via the Internet - https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/ip/interest/kkt

To enter the account, a novice entrepreneur will need a qualified electronic signature (CES).

The registrar (RP) becomes responsible for that particular device. He can use it himself, or delegate this right through an agreement (we have already mentioned this) to a responsible employee - the cashier.

Price issue...

The issue of modernizing the CCP to new standards remains open - it all depends on the manufacturer.

But as for the acquisition of new equipment, everything is more or less clear. At the current ruble exchange rate, the price of a cash register with an “online cash register” function will cost from 18,000 to 32,000 rubles.

Why is there such a big difference? It’s all because of volumes: the more clients a cash register needs to serve per day, the more expensive it is.

By the way, a catalog of cash registers adapted to the new requirements is even available on the website of the Federal Tax Service. It also contains data on the digital security of your data and other information.

The Federal Tax Service believes that even taking into account the new expenses, the updated system leads to savings:

*Arguments of the Federal Tax Service.

To this it is worth adding the prices for the services of fiscal data operators, which is approximately 3,000 rubles per year (this amount is due for each individual cash register).

Seeing a number of connected but unattended cash registers in a store, you can estimate how much the owner pays for them. Yes, these are not the largest amounts, but still noticeable (especially for).

Is everyone required to use a cash register at work?

A representative of the consulting company will tell you who can do without it:

Will small businesses be compensated for cash register work?


The state has provided for the possibility of tax deduction (compensation) for these expenses on cash registers.

However, there are a number of “buts” here: only individual entrepreneurs who have switched to UTII or use patents have the right to deduct, but they will be able to do this only in 2018 (more details in the explanations of the Ministry of Finance - letter No. 03-01-15/17988).

In essence, the system is designed so that only latecomers – those who were unable to do so earlier – could receive deductions.

Let us remind you that all enterprises, except these individual entrepreneurs, must switch to online cash registers in 2017.

Individual entrepreneurs on UTII and patents must switch from July 1, 2018. Old cash registers cease to be registered in February 2017.

And only those individual entrepreneurs who register/re-register online cash registers in 2018 can receive tax deductions.

It turns out that until the beginning of 2018, you either don’t need to start a new business at all, or pay everything out of your own pocket.

Those who worked under the old schemes will also have to re-register their cash registers at their own expense in 2017, since the registration period for most will have already expired by the beginning of 2018.

In short, the system is designed in such a way that as few small entrepreneurs as possible can receive compensation.

However, there is a system of tax deductions, and whether or not to take advantage of this opportunity is your right, not your obligation. In addition, the system was introduced not to increase budget expenditures, but to increase income (tax revenues).

Here, in fact, is all you need to know about how to work with a cash register in Russia after innovations 2016.

There doesn't seem to be much change. But for those who already have their own business, there can be a lot of hassle, as well as expenses.

However, everything is not so scary - the deadlines seem realistic. In addition, if small businesses have come to terms with the very idea of ​​cash registers, then even more so with the transition to online.

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According to Federal Law No. 290-FZ of July 3, 2016, retail trade enterprises using cash registers must modernize or replace them. How does the online cash register work? It will generate not only paper, but also electronic checks. Data on each sale through fiscal data operators (FDO) will be sent to the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate (IFTS) and buyers’ computers and phones. The innovation will not complicate the work of cashiers, since all processes will be automated.

Advantages of using new cash register equipment

For legislators, the transition to a new form of payment at retail outlets (online cash registers) allows:

  • Tighten control over revenue accounting;
  • Replenish the state budget;
  • Increase the level of buyer protection (the purchase document in electronic form will be available at any time);
  • Streamline the trading processes of online stores, which will also have to issue electronic and paper checks.

Entrepreneurs will also receive some benefits:

  • There will be no need to maintain cash register equipment, since sellers will change the fiscal drive themselves;
  • it will be possible via the Internet (without visiting the Tax Inspectorate);
  • Tax officials will be able to control sales without going out for inspections.

There is a possibility that traders on patent andUTII who do not currently use cash registers will receive a tax deduction when purchasing an online cash register.

How the online cash register works

To understand how the new devices will work, it is necessary to determine how they differ from the old equipment, and how the information will be received by the Tax Service.

The main difference between the new cash register technology is the replacement of the electronic control tape with a fiscal drive. This block will allow you to enter, broadcast and save information about sales for the year. You will also need a keyboard to send a copy to your phone or computer. To connect to the Internet, equipment must have 2 types of inputs - wired and wireless.

The data will not be transferred to the Tax Service, but to fiscal data operators - legal entities to which the FSB has issued the appropriate license.

Operators must:

  • Have an expert opinion. Evidence of the ability to ensure stable and uninterrupted processing and transmission of information;
  • Ensure copying, safety and confidentiality of the received data;
  • Possess a license from Roskomnadzor, FSTEC and the Federal Tax Service, allowing to provide telematic communication services.

All traders must have an agreement with one of the fiscal data operators by February 1, 2017.

Updated sales scheme

At the beginning of the working day, the cashier is required to issue a report on the beginning of the shift, and at the end of the working day - a report on the closure. 24 hours after the start of the shift, the ability to generate a check ends.

After the new equipment issues a check, a fiscal sign is generated, the information will be sent to the OFD for verification. The operator will check and save the information. If the data is reliable, it will be transmitted to the trade enterprise and the Tax Inspectorate within approximately 1.5 seconds. It will be impossible to complete a sale without a unique OFD number.

At the request of buyers, sellers will be required to send copies of receipts to a computer or phone. But paper checks will also be issued, but the new equipment will add a QR code to them, allowing you to check at any time whether the sales data has been received by the Federal Tax Service.

The question arises, what does an online cash register receipt look like? It will have more details than a document from old equipment. The following lines will be added:

  • Information about the taxation system;
  • Data about the place where the purchase was made (address of an offline store or website address if it is an online store);
  • Type of calculation (income or expense);
  • Payment form (cash or electronic means);
  • Number assigned by the OFD;
  • Registration number assigned in CCP;
  • Cash register number assigned at the factory;
  • Name of the OFD;
  • OFD address on the Internet;
  • Buyer's email or phone number.

The seller is solely responsible for the timely transmission of sales information. If there is no Internet connection, data can be saved for up to 30 days. This is enough to establish a connection or connect to a new channel. At this time, the cash register itself will generate receipts. They will go to the OFD after communication is restored.

If strict reporting forms are used for calculations, then this information must also be sent to the operator.

The process of switching to new cash register equipment

The first question: how to switch to an online checkout. The sequence of actions is as follows:

  • Determine at the CTO (cash machine maintenance center) whether it is possible to update old equipment;
  • Deregister and update your old device or purchase a new one;
  • Buy the appropriate software;
  • Register cash register equipment (updated or new).

Updated equipment must have a new name, passport and number.

At the time of registration of equipment, an agreement with the OFD must already be drawn up.

If an enterprise is located in an area where there is no Internet network, it will transmit information to the Tax Inspectorate in the traditional way.

At the same time, correction checks and strict reporting forms for corrections are introduced, designed to correct errors in calculations. They will be allowed to form only until the end of the shift. There will be no opportunity to correct the mistakes of previous shifts.

It is impossible to imagine trading without a cash register. The interests of buyers and the peculiarities of the state's tax procedures require control over the trading process, which is why cash registers are needed. There are no plans to eliminate these procedures in the future; moreover, tax policy in Russia has been tightening in recent years, and the role of cash registers is increasing. This is explained by the fact that the market economy is replacing the former Soviet one, and the non-state sector is growing. Cash registers are one of the main tools of the state to control the income of the population and, accordingly, the payment of taxes. How does a cash register work?

What is a cash register?

A cash register is a sample of office equipment, the activities of which are strictly limited by Federal Law No. 54 of 2003. This is the leading legal document with the help of which power financial structures check the process of settlements between a businessman and clients.

The most important feature of cash registers (cash registers) is the principle of its operation, which allows tax authorities to exercise control. We are talking about the presence of fiscal memory in the devices, the entrance to which is locked with a password. The prohibiting code is known only to employees of the tax structure, so the businessman is not able to independently convert the information registered by the cash register.

Repair of cash registers is carried out in specialized organizations that have permission from the state. But you can select and install the device yourself.

Classic cash register

The Mercury 112 cash register has gained a place in the market due to its simplicity and usefulness. And a little later, another development was presented - “Mercury 115”. The operating procedure on the new device was the same as before, but the dimensions were reduced, it became possible to work on a battery rather than from the mains, and the new printer made it possible to receive receipts on a more spacious tape. "Mercury 115" has turned into almost a people's cash register. 90% of the capital's stores are equipped with just such a reliable and most in-demand device today.

Then the Mercury 140 cash register appeared. The device had great functionality and a wide screen, but the cost of the device turned out to be too high.

Among the types of cash registers presented, the last device in this series, “Mercury 180K,” deserves attention. All the functions built into earlier models were retained, in addition, the model received record-breaking minimum dimensions. This cash register easily fits in the palm of your hand. It was liked by businessmen whose activities lay in the field of mobile business. The device was easily attached to the belt and could be quickly brought into working condition. How does a cash register work?

Instructions

The operating principle of the device simplifies the cashier’s work with money as much as possible. How does a cash register work? The cashier simply enters the purchase amount, or this indicator is calculated automatically after scanning the barcodes of all products and pressing the corresponding key. When paying in cash, a cash register opens to issue change; when paying through a terminal, the machine transmits the data to the bank terminal, through which payment is made.

Who is temporarily exempt from the cash register under the new edition of Federal Law No. 54?

Despite the rigidity of the state with which it controls the income of businessmen, there is a whole category of individuals and organizations that, until recently, may not have used cash registers. These are individual entrepreneurs and organizations that use UTII, companies operating on a simplified taxation system, individual entrepreneurs using a patent taxation system.

The listed persons may not have understood the operation of the cash register and kept regular records on paper.

Changes in terms

In 2016, a new version of Federal Law No. 54 was adopted, which reduced the number of “beneficiaries”. In particular, all of the above business structures and a number of other organizations specified in the law, from 1.07. In 2018, a cash register should be installed, with the ability to transmit data from receipts online. This is required to control cash and settlement operations by the tax structure.

Online cash registers

How does an online cash register work? According to the new version of Law No. 54, soon all trade in the country should switch to using cash register equipment online. New style cash register:

  • makes a QR code and a link on the receipt,
  • sends electronic copies of checks to OFD and clients,
  • has a fiscal drive in the housing,
  • works without difficulty with accredited OFD.

All approaches to online cash registers are noted in the instructions for cash registers. These standards are strictly mandatory for working with any cash registers since 2017. Online cash registers are not always completely new cash registers. Everything could be much simpler. After all, there are several types of cash registers. Many businessmen continue to use devices purchased earlier.

New and already operating cash registers are included in a special register of cash register models and are marked by the Federal Tax Service.

The trading process at the online checkout now looks like this:

  1. The client deposits money for the purchase, the online cash register prints a receipt.
  2. The check is deposited into the fiscal drive, where it is stored.
  3. The fiscal drive records the check and forwards it to the OFD.
  4. The OFD receives the check and sends a response signal to the fiscal storage device that the check has been recorded.
  5. OFD processes the data and sends information to the Federal Tax Service.
  6. When necessary, a company employee sends an electronic check to the client.

"Beneficiaries"

The following are exempt from trading using cash registers:

  • representatives of small businesses working in the shoe repair industry;
  • traders in unequipped markets;
  • sellers of goods "from hand";
  • kiosks with periodicals;
  • Russians renting out their homes;
  • companies that work with non-cash payments;
  • securities lending firms;
  • public transport workers;
  • organizing public catering in educational institutions;
  • religious organizations;
  • sellers of handicrafts;
  • postage stamp sellers;
  • businessmen in areas that are difficult to reach (a list of such areas is compiled by local authorities).

Selecting a device

According to the new law, most businessmen need to purchase and register new cash registers that meet state requirements. Only the equipment that is noted in the state register will be valid. The device is required to display details on the receipt that can be allocated in each area of ​​activity. Therefore, you need to understand in what area the cash register will be used. The cost of cash registers also has a certain impact, since it has a different range.

To use cash register equipment, you must enter into an agreement with a company that will provide technical support. Without this agreement, the device will not be registered. Without registration, this device cannot be used. Eliminating cash register errors is also the task of the central service center.

Requirements for cash registers

The cash register is used by the entrepreneur to carry out settlement transactions and must meet the following requirements:

  • have a case with a serial number;
  • a clock with the correct time set must be fixed in the case;
  • a mechanism for fixing fiscal documents (in the case or separately from the device);
  • the device must provide the ability to install a fiscal drive in the housing;
  • the device must transmit information to the fiscal drive located in the housing;
  • the device must ensure the creation of fiscal documents in electronic form and their transmission to the operator immediately after entering the information into the fiscal drive;
  • print fiscal documents with a two-dimensional bar code (QR code no less than 20x20 mm in size);
  • receive confirmation from the operator of the receipt of the data that was transmitted;
  • the device must provide the ability to obtain fiscal material contained in memory for five years from the end of work.

The cost of a cash register with an Internet connection averages from 25 to 45 thousand rubles. Servicing fiscal data operators - from 3 thousand rubles. in year. This amount includes the repair of cash registers in the event of their breakdown.

Documents for equipment registration

To register a cash register, the following documents are required:

  • an application in an approved form for registering a cash register;
  • device passport received upon purchase of the cash register;
  • technical service agreement with the cash register supplier or with the central service center;

Documents must be sent to tax authorities in originals, otherwise they will not be accepted.

Individual businessmen (IP) register a cash register at the tax office at their place of registration. Companies should contact their place of registration. If there are separate divisions and they use cash register, then registration is required with the tax authorities at the location of the branches. For large companies, these can be dozens of settlements.

If documents are submitted by a representative of a legal entity, then there must be a power of attorney certifying the right of this person to perform certain actions on behalf of the organization.

Inspection of the cash register and its verification

On a certain day, a new cash register with attached tape, power supply and cords must be brought to the tax office. Fiscalization is carried out by a commission consisting of: a tax inspector, an employee of the central service center, and a representative of the taxpayer. They check the data entered by the central service station employee into the cash register: full name of the individual entrepreneur (name of the organization), TIN, cost of the purchase, date and time of its completion, serial number of the receipt.

Next, the cash register is fiscalized, that is, it is transferred to the fiscal mode of operation. The tax inspector enters a special digital code that protects the fiscal memory from hacking, after which the central service specialist installs a seal on the cash register. The tax inspector must make sure that the cash register is in good working order, then registers the device in the accounting book, makes notes in the passport and academic certificate, certifies the cashier-operator’s log and issues a cash register registration card. The cash register is ready for use and can be used.

To analyze the settings, the commission takes a test check for forty-nine kopecks and receives a Z-report. Based on the results of fiscalization, the following records and documents are created:

  • the data in the cash register logbook about the receipt of an identification number by the device is noted;
  • certificate of absence of device meter data in form KM-1;
  • trial check;
  • Z-report and fiscal report for forty-nine kopecks;
  • ECLZ report for the same amount.

When it is not a cash register machine that is registered, but a stationary payment device, on-site fiscalization is carried out at the location of the device.

Re-registration

Re-registration of a cash register is necessary in the following cases:

  • replacement of fiscal memory,
  • changing the company name or full name of the individual entrepreneur,
  • changing the address of the device installation location,
  • CTO changes.

To re-register a cash register, you need to contact the tax office with an application drawn up in accordance with the form specified by law, the cash register registration card, its passport, and the conclusion of the central service center (if available).

The tax inspector personally inspects the device for serviceability, integrity of the case and the presence of seals, after which he makes a note about re-registration in the passport and registration card. The presence of a representative of the central tax service center and the taxpayer itself is also required.