Letters in large inscription with size A4. Russian alphabet - aesthetics in every letter

The Russian language is one of the brightest, most interesting and richest languages in the world. Millions of the best works are written on it - stories, fairy tales, poems. The language is rich and not repeatable. Like everything fundamental, the Russian language has its own basis - the alphabet.

The birth of the Russian alphabet

Work on the creation of the alphabet began in 860 by order of the ruler of Byzantium - Michael III. He instructed two brothers from the Greek city of Thessaloniki: Cyril and Methodius, to form a written Slavic language. Later, from the Greek version of the alphabet, the Bulgarian monks formed the Cyrillic alphabet.

The formation of the Russian alphabet is directly related to the adoption of Christianity in Europe. Slavic writing began to spread from Bulgaria, after the adoption of Christianity by Tsar Boris in 860. It was in Bulgaria that the first written Slavic school was founded. In it, ancient writings - annals - were translated into Slavic. Further, the Old Church Slavonic language appeared in Serbia and Kievan Rus. It was precisely the fact that Old Church Slavonic became the recognized language of the official Russian Church that, over time, it replaced Old Russian. At the same time, stable expressions and a folk tone of the speech of the Slavs remained in it.

Transformations of the Old Church Slavonic alphabet

Since the Russian alphabet was based on the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet, which spread after the baptism of Russia, it originally had 43 letters.

Over time, 14 letters were excluded and 4 letters were added. This is due to the transformation of speech - sounds denoting unused letters have disappeared from it. First of all, they disappeared: ioted yus, big yus.

Under Patriarch the Most Holy Nikon in the second half of the seventeenth century, a widespread census of books took place. This period is considered the time of reforms in Russian orthography. The serial numbers of the letters were fixed. But even at that time the alphabet was different from the modern one. Later, already during the reign of Peter I, superscript characters and some duplicate letters denoting numbers were excluded. At that time, Arabic numerals had already been introduced and the extra characters were no longer relevant.

Back in 1917, the Russian alphabet had 35 letters. But as a result of the writing reform carried out in 1918, 33 letters remained in the Russian alphabet.

The structure of the Russian alphabet

Each word consists of minimal parts - sounds. They, like atoms in molecules, form the shell of a word. Each word and its form has a different sound design. What matters is the combination of letters in the word, the setting of the stress.

In order to correctly distinguish the sound of a letter in a particular word, transcription is used. Transcription is a generally accepted graphical form that displays the sound of a word. The transcription shows:

syllables within a word.
Which syllable is stressed in the word. Stress is indicated if the word consists of two or more syllables.
softness of consonants.

The letters of the alphabet are divided into several groups. The largest division of sounds is into vowels and consonants.

Stressed vowels include only six letters. When pronouncing, the sound does not encounter obstacles when passing through the oral cavity. When playing sounds, the ligaments of the larynx work - if you put your hand to the throat, you can feel the movement of the ligaments. If a person can freely shout or sing a letter, it is most likely a vowel sound. Vowels are the basis of syllables. The stressed syllable sounds the most distinct in the word. In unstressed syllables, they can be pronounced differently. That is why when writing words, it is required to select test words.

When pronouncing consonants, sounds encounter an obstacle in their path. It is the presence of noise that is the difference between consonants and vowels. Pronouncing words with an abundance of consonants is difficult. That is why there are no words consisting only of consonants.

Consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless. There are unpaired and paired sounds.

The study of the Russian language begins with the alphabet. Understanding the basics of phonetics and grammar is a key step in teaching children. From infancy, instilling in his child a love for his native language, a person pays tribute to history and traditions. Russian is the richest language in the world. It is very important not to lose this wealth! Letters of the English alphabet can be downloaded.

Download beautiful letters of the Russian alphabet for printing in A4 format

Letter stencils are a useful material for creating a variety of crafts. We have selected for you some convenient templates with which you can do a lot of interesting things with your own hands. Some of them can be used for children's creativity, as they look very funny. Others are more strict, classical. Also in the selection are many original stencils.

All letter templates are suitable for cutting - just print them on paper. If you do not have such an opportunity, try to copy them yourself. Some stencils can be used simply as an interesting idea. Most of the letters are collected in the alphabet (Russian or English) - you can pull out from the selection and print only those that you need.

All images are clickable and available in good quality. In addition, they can be opened in a graphical editor to combine with something. So, for example, if you need letters to cut the Russian and English alphabets at the same time, you can easily collect them on one sheet and print them together. Also, the templates can be enlarged or stretched to achieve the desired size of the blanks.

In the selection you will find Russian letters that are perfect for cutting out for the purpose of decorating children's cubes or home alphabet. Some of them are accompanied by silhouettes of animals, others are accompanied by funny faces. The same can be done with stencils of the letters of the English alphabet.

All the templates presented are suitable for designing postcards or album covers, voluminous crafts (like soap or candles), creating patches for clothes, etc. Many of these would make sense to print on paper and use for scrapbooking. If you want to spray paint or ink, print the entire stencil and cut out the letters themselves with a clerical knife (you won't need them) without touching the paper.

Many types of special garlands are sold in stores, but to make this day truly unique, we suggest making decorations yourself.

Here we have collected interesting ideas and master classes that will help you make Happy Birthday garland with paper, fabric or felt!

As well as ready-made templates and layouts for printing!

A garland with the letters "Happy Birthday" can be made in 15 minutes, or half an hour if you take your time.

Download and print the template

Of course, if you wish, you can sit and come up with patterns, and then draw them yourself. But in order to make this task a little easier for you and speed up the process, we have collected interesting and original garlands of Happy Birthday templates, You can simply download and print them., and then use to create holiday garlands.

Template #1

Completely finished garland template. You just need to download (click on the red button). Print. And assemble according to the instructions below.

Template #2

Letters in two colors: in pale green and pink. The letters of the entire alphabet - print and collect the right words. How to attach to a thread or a bow - described below

Template #3

Checkboxes and bright rectangles. Choose the one you like. Print on a color printer and letters can be entered with a marker of any color!

How to assemble a garland

Just imagine how many wonderful inscriptions can be made using these templates! They are suitable for birthdays and any other holiday, or even just to make an unexpected surprise to a loved one.

The bottom line is that there are stencils of all the letters of the alphabet that can be printed and folded into the desired inscription.
And it is not necessary to print the entire alphabet, select only the individual, desired letters.
If desired, in stencils of letters, you can add some decorations.
In order to save ink, the letters are designed in a textured style, you can also use the printer settings to control ink consumption.

TIP: which will save you from wasting paper: print one letter, turn the paper over and print another one on the other side.

How and how to fasten the letters of the garland

To make a garland for a birthday, it is not enough to print stencils, you also need to somehow fasten and hang them. Let's look at options on how this can be done.

We fasten the letters on one long thread

For this you will need:

ready-made letter templates,
thick thread or ribbon,
hole punch, scissors.

Working process:

Using a hole punch, make in each letter top 2 holes, and then you need to string the letters on a rope or ribbon.
If the thread is thin, fold it several times, sometimes it looks even more interesting.
It is important to string the letters in the correct order so as not to redo them later, so it is better to first arrange the letters as you need and take one at a time.

ATTENTION! You need to tie a knot on each letter so that they do not move out of their place and do not bunch up.

TIP: do not pull the rope too much and it will sag towards the middle, if the rope is stretched, this is a waste of time.

We connect the letters with a bow

This method of fastening is suitable if you cut out the letters not along their contours, but leaving more space in reserve, otherwise the bows may partially overlap the letters (there you need to look at the situation, if the letters are very large, then everything will be in order).

You will need:

ready-made letter templates,
thick thread or ribbon,
hole punch and scissors.

As you can see, all the same materials as in the previous method. Only here we will tie adjacent letters with separate threads.

Working process:

Do hole puncher 2 holes in each template and arrange them in the order in which you will take them.
Take the first and the second letter and tie them with a bow. To make the process more streamlined, you can immediately cut the required number of ribbons of the same length.
When the first two letters are connected, do the same with the second and third, and so on until the end. Your garland is ready.

We fasten the garland with clothespins

Recently, this type of fastening can often be seen at various photo-dryers, that is, photo exhibitions. The method is convenient and fast, and also does not require a hole punch, which is an important advantage for those who do not have one.

Working process: Attach the letters with clothespins in turn to a long rope. Everything!

How to fasten: in all these methods, the last step is to attach the finished garland to the wall. Of course, no one will punch nails for the sake of a garland, so the ends of the rope can be stretched and tied to any protruding objects (cornice, cabinet handle, pipe, etc.).

Wall mount with adhesive tape

Another option is to attach with adhesive tape (if the surface does not deteriorate from this), and in this case it is better not only at the edges, but in several other places so that the garland does not fall. On the wallpaper, you can carefully prick the pins and hook the rope behind them.

Felt garlands "Happy Birthday"

Here you will have to work harder, but the result will show how much care is invested in the creation of such a garland. We have prepared two master classes that will not leave you indifferent.

You will need:

Colored felt or felt fabric (the quantity depends on the inscription)
Self-adhesive paper (or freezer paper, if you find one in our stores)
letter stencils
Scissors or utility knife
Rope, ribbon or thick thread (on which you will attach the letters)
White thread (for stitching layers of fabric)
Sewing machine (if you don't have it, you can do it by hand)
Clothespins

Working process:

Step 1:

On self-adhesive paper print stencils of the letters needed for the inscription. You choose the size of the letters yourself, depending on how you want to see the inscription and how much space you have for it on the wall.
Cut out rectangles with letters, and then to each of them the same size of an empty rectangle of paper and cloth.
Fold the rectangles described in the previous paragraph so that the fabric is between the paper, the lines of the letter should be at the top.

At work with self-adhesive paper, you just need to stick it on both sides of the fabric, if you find freezer paper, go over the top on both sides with an iron, this will hold the layers together.

Cut out the letters along the outline. Carefully peel off the paper on both sides. We got these beautiful letters:

STEP 2:

Now we will make the letters thicker so that they look better and do not twist on the rope so much. To do this, put the letters from the fabric on another layer of felt or felt and iron.
We lay a machine or hand line along the contours of the letters at a distance of about 1-2 mm from the edge. We recommend a white thread, as it looks good on all fabric colors, otherwise you will have to select a separate thread for each letter, and this is just an additional unnecessary waste of time and money.
Cut out each letter along the contour. They are ready, it remains only to attach.
Hanging a long rope, fixing its ends to the wall. With clothespins we cling to it each letter in the required sequence to get the selected inscription.

Now the garland is ready to please the birthday boy and surprise the guests!

Happy Birthday poster on fabric

Probably, each of you at least once in your life, at least once at school, drew a congratulatory poster. The manufacturing method proposed in this master class takes this art to a whole new level. Patchwork quilts have long delighted many with their warmth and comfort, and you won’t surprise them anymore, but a patchwork poster, I’m sure, will be a complete surprise and an original novelty.

You will need:

Scraps of felt or felt fabric (in this case, 9 pieces)
Scissors or utility knife
letter stencils
Adhesive pad (for example, dublerin or interlining)
Ironing iron (or any cotton fabric)
wooden stick
Thick thread for fastening

Working process:

Lay out the pieces of felt or felted fabric so that a rectangle is formed. Consider the combination of colors so that everything looks harmonious and holistic together.
Adjust the patches so that they overlap by about 1.5 cm.
Place an adhesive tape along the edges of the lower shreds, its width is equal to the width of the overlay of fabrics, that is, 1.5 cm.
Iron the fabric carefully. We advise you to use an iron, so as not to spoil the surface of the fabric itself.
You can trim the shape of the poster, giving it the desired size.
You need to process the top edge of the poster. To do this, wrap it inside out by about 1.5-2 cm, it depends on the thickness of the stick, which you will then insert into the resulting hole. Secure the lapel with hand or machine stitching.
On top of the fabric poster, lay out the printed and cut out stencil letters to get the desired congratulatory inscription.
Lightly circle the letters with a small or thin piece of soap, they are then easily erased. It is possible with a pencil, but then you need to cut these lines as well.
Cut out the letters.

The last thing to do is to insert a wooden stick into the hole in the top of the poster and tie a thick thread or ribbon along its sides. Hang up the poster and enjoy the festive mood!

Garlands: Fabric marker

This master class will also have templates, but you no longer need to cut out the letters. Such a garland looks very neat and beautiful, and will surely please the birthday man.

And the most important advantage of fabric garlands is that they can be stored for a long time!

You will need:

fabric, paint or marker,
letter patterns,
scissors, ruler,
thick thread, glue.

Working process:

Find at home or buy a fabric similar in type to the one shown in the photo. A fabric like burlap works well. It should be light in color with a discreet pattern that will complement the letters, and not draw attention from them to itself.

Cut the fabric into even rectangles. In this case, it is 17x12 cm.
Choose a letter stencil of your favorite style and print it out. Then lay each letter on a separate piece of fabric and circle.
Paint the letter and let it dry. A marker would work too.
The color should be contrasting and stand out well against the background of the fabric, not merge so that the inscription can be read even from afar.

TIP: As an alternative, you can cut out templates in thin plastic or film, attach to fabric and immediately sketch

Now you need to attach the letters to the thread, forming a garland. Determine how far apart they should be and glue on a thick thread. You can also attach each letter with two clothespins.

Happy Birthday Garland Ideas

Also look at other options for birthday garlands: with glitter, with balloons! Get inspired and let this day be truly special and unique for you!

The letters of the Russian alphabet are divided into vowels and consonants. There are 10 vowels, this is A E E AND O U Y E Yu Ya. Consonants 21 - B C D E F G H Y K L M N P R S T V Y Z. There are 33 letters in total.

Letters Kommersant And b are neither vowels nor consonants.

Spend time with your child in an interesting and useful way. We wish you success.

How to play with a child using cards with letters?

Game number 1. Name the letter.

Before you start playing this game, introduce your child to a few letters.

You show the kid a card with a letter, and he calls which letter is written. For the correct answer, the child receives a token. At the end of the game there is a prize. Please note that vowels are written in red, and consonants are written in blue.

Tell your child that sounds are vowels and consonants. Vowel sounds are easy to sing, shout, pronounce. Nothing interferes in the mouth - neither lips nor tongue. Let the child guess what the vowel sound is in the words: poppy, forest, cat, house, etc.

And consonants. When pronouncing them in the mouth, something constantly interferes - either the lips or the tongue. Play, let the child name the consonants that he hears: day, meadow, juice, poppy, etc.

Use this game to learn all the letters of the alphabet.

Game number 2. Name words starting with a given letter.

Suggest any letter that the baby knows, and take turns calling words that start with that letter. Now let the child choose the letter, come up with words again, continue the same way.

Game number 3. Who says so?

Before starting the game, choose one card with a letter that begins with a consonant (for example, m). Next to this letter, put a letter denoting a vowel sound (for example, "a").

At first, you should not push the child and insist that he read more syllables. Focus on the question: "Who says so?" The child must answer which animal gives a voice like that.

Give a chip for each correct answer. Over time, the game can be played in a group of children and a competition can be organized, who will quickly and correctly name the proposed syllables.

Game number 4. Change the vowel.

In this game, the first letter remains unchanged - the consonant, and the letters that represent the vowel sound change. For example: ma, mo, mu, mi, me, we, me. Then the first letter can be replaced (the child can choose the letter himself) and continue reading.

Game number 5. Change the consonant.

In this game, the first letter remains unchanged - the vowel, and the letters that represent the consonant sound change. For example: am, an, hell, av, ash, ar, at. Then the first letter can be replaced (the child can choose the letter himself) and continue reading.

Game number 6. Funny letter combinations.

This game is perhaps the most difficult at this stage of learning, since the child needs to read letter combinations that consist only of consonants (fl, zv, kr, sl, st, br, ch, pl, chl, zm, kr, dv, sk, sq.). To interest the child, invite him to choose the funniest letter combination from those that he reads.

Game number 7. Create a syllable.

Using letter cards, have your child write the syllable you name. For a correctly completed task, the child receives a token.

In a group of children, you can organize a competition with prizes. The first person to create a syllable will receive a token. At the end of the game, according to the number of chips received, the winner is selected, who receives a prize.

Game number 8. Put the word together.

Using cards with letters, you need to add a word of three, and later of four or five letters, invented by a partner in the game. For example, you named the word "garden", and the child must put it together from letters. Then vice versa, the child calls a word of three letters, and you add it up. be sure to ask the child to check whether you completed the task correctly. For the sake of interest and to test attentiveness, sometimes make mistakes. Let the child identify them. Each correctly spelled word is rewarded with a chip. Whoever gets the most chips wins.

Bright, colored cards with the letters of the Russian alphabet.

Many well-known teachers - practitioners, such as Zaitsev, Doman, recommend starting to study letters and the alphabet with a child from 1.5 - 2 years. To help you, we offer cards prepared by us with large large Russian letters. You can print the Russian alphabet, print it out, cut it out and use them as a tool for learning sounds and syllables.

Currently, there are many methods for teaching a child to read. But without knowing the letters of the alphabet, it is naturally impossible to teach a child to read. The use of improvised material, in the form of cards with letters for children, will come in handy.

How to start learning letters with a child

First, you can print alphabet cards for children in one copy. To study only the letters of this will be enough.

With kids 1.5 -2 years old, you need to deal exclusively in a playful way, for several minutes a day. With children aged 3-4 years, the time of classes increases to 15 minutes a day.

If you decide to make the letters of the alphabet yourself and deal with the baby on your own, then do not load the child with only letters. The child needs variety, you can literally pay attention to the colors and shapes of objects in just a couple of minutes, then the child will be more interested.

And most importantly, you don’t need to grieve if the child does not immediately begin to “declare poetry” for you. Even if for several sessions he, as it seems to you, does not understand anything, and refuses to tell you letters and numbers, this is not at all the case. The child simply remembers everything, analyzes, time will pass, and you will be simply amazed by his abilities. Your task is to continue learning diligently.

When the child masters the letters, you can print the Russian alphabet in one or even 2 copies. Then you can study syllables with your child and make small words.

Read more on our website in the section education and training .