Character traits: examples. A complete list of negative moral qualities of a person with a description

Write a list of those qualities of a person that you think are very suitable for him as a person.

We offer you an example of such a list (with a breakdown of each quality). We hope it helps you a little:

1. Workaholism. A person is able to work for a long time and not complain of terrible fatigue.
2. Altruism. A person always thinks about other people, forgets about his own problems, troubles and worries.
3. Accuracy. A person tries to take care of his appearance, clothes, things.
4. Creativity. A person thinks outside the box, is able to find a way out of any situation.
5. Pedantry. A person acts strictly according to the points of any instruction, not deviating from the information presented by a single step.

Adjectives characterizing a person

Sincere, responsible, reliable, inventive, eccentric, talented, selfless, fair, sociable, responsive, stress-resistant, strong, attentive, smart, strong.

Accentuation of a person's character with a description of each type

You can characterize a person taking into account character accentuations. We will tell you a little about them.

stuck type

It is distinguished by a clear "stuck" on thoughts, experiences. People are not able to forget past grievances, betrayals, quarrels. In conflict, they take a leading and active position. Arguing with such people is almost always useless and pointless. They will stand their ground and are unlikely to admit they are wrong. "Stuck" people are adamant fighters for real justice.

Negative qualities and aspects of this type: resentment (seriously and for nothing), revenge, rudeness, straightforwardness, jealousy, arrogance, harshness, rejection of any other person's opinion.

Conformal type

People of this type are distinguished by hypersociality, turning into talkativeness. Often they do not have their own opinion, they do not strive to somehow stand out from the crowd. "Conformal" people are very fond of various entertainments, do not deny their interest in gambling.

Negative qualities and aspects of this type: a long process of adaptation to anything, insincerity, pretense, duplicity, misperception of objective reality.

alarm type

People develop feelings of inferiority. They constantly think that they are acting incorrectly, making mistakes. They do not know how to be themselves, as they try to be the best in everything. They cannot be trusted with the position of leader, since nothing good will come of it.

Negative qualities and aspects of this type: timidity, shyness, isolation, shyness, "bust" with a sense of duty and responsibility, a high degree of sociability only with close people.

Dysthymic type

"Dysthymic" people attract others with their serious approach to any problems and deeds, conscientiousness and good-heartedness. They are extremely negative about all changes. It is easier for them to live the way they are used to.

Negative qualities and aspects of this type: pessimism, decadent mood, solid slow thinking, love of loneliness, desire to work alone (not in a team).

Cycloid type

The main difference between "cycloid" people is a high degree of efficiency. They dress rather strangely (like for picnics, for outdoor recreation). They try to be as interesting as possible for the interlocutors. Charming.

Negative qualities and aspects of this type: instability, inconstancy, excessive gullibility, obsession, laziness, straightforwardness (sometimes), affectation, excessive gesticulation, inattention.

exalted type

Emotions are reflected in constant (frequent) amorousness. In people of this type, mood changes so quickly that they do not have time to keep track of it. "Exaltiras" are strongly attached to their friends and therefore try not to scandal with them. They believe in eternal friendship, but often get burned.

Negative qualities and aspects of this type: alarmism, susceptibility to despair, a tendency to depression of a neurotic type.

You can characterize a person with the help of knowledge of temperamental features

Characteristics of temperament types

Choleric

Always in moving. There is no gloom and pessimism in it. Choleric is an explosive leader. He always argues to the last, defending his own point of view. His distinguishing features and hobbies are hyper-communicative skills, mobility, perseverance, sexuality, craving for extreme sports and experiments, courage, willingness to take risks.

sanguine

We are quick to learn, resourceful, fair, reasonable and talented. He is accustomed to discipline, cleanliness and order. Doesn't like cheating. Sanguine is difficult to piss off, but it is possible. Routine work, for example, is capable of this, since sanguine people cannot stand continuous monotony. As soon as they get tired of doing this or that work task, they immediately begin to send out resumes to change the type of usual activity.

melancholic

He is always betrayed by a “frozen” facial expression, timid speech, excessive vulnerability and resentment, shyness, gloom, puzzlement and depression. The melancholic is very sensitive to criticism and praise. Melancholic people are never afraid of loneliness, because they can find harmony within themselves. Their need for friendship is extremely poorly developed.

Phlegmatic person

Silent, balanced, calm, secretive person. He always manages to do everything (despite his slowness), since everything in his life is planned in advance. They differ in constancy in tastes, habits, views.

There are people belonging to the mixed type of temperament. What is temperamental "mixing"? Type of temperament, which includes a "cocktail" of various qualities of a sanguine, melancholic, choleric and phlegmatic.

Behavior largely depends on what kind of characters a person has. Each has its own characteristics. Character is a combination of a number of psychological properties (there are more than five hundred in total). But there are also certain nuances that appear in different situations and relationships. Character traits are divided into positive and negative, congenital and acquired. Each can tell a lot about a person.

Correct evaluation begins with determining what types of character people have. All traits are divided into five main groups:

Social

It includes features due to the relationship:

To yourself;

Labor and I will sell it;

Society.

emotional

It includes:

expressiveness;

Impressionability;

cheerfulness;

Increased and low emotionality;

Impulsiveness;

Impressiveness;

Unstable emotionality.

Strong-willed

It includes:

purposefulness;

Determination;

persistence;

Uncertainty;

Courage;

Discipline;

Independence.

intellectual

It includes:

prudence;

Depth and flexibility of intellect;

Resourcefulness;

Mindset (practical or theoretical);

Frivolity;

Wits;

Curiosity;

Thoughtfulness.

Moral

It includes these features:

Rigidity;

Kindness;

Responsiveness;

Honesty and similar qualities.

To draw up a psychological portrait, certain qualities are noted.

What are the personality traits of a person?

The positives include:

Adequacy, altruism, activity;

Fearlessness, thrift, prudence, nobility;

Generosity, good breeding, politeness, attentiveness, cheerful disposition, will, high morality;

Humanism, gallantry, harmony;

Friendliness, delicacy, conscientiousness, discipline, foresight, diplomacy, efficiency, kindness, good nature;

Naturalness;

Femininity, cheerfulness;

Caring, thrift;

Ingenuity, initiative, diligence, sincerity, intelligence;

Creativity, sociability, correctness, culture, competence, collectivism, eloquence;

Curiosity, affection, ease of communication;

Wisdom, masculinity, peacefulness, daydreaming;

Tenderness, independence, reliability, observation, resourcefulness;

Experience, sociability, charm, education, caution, responsibility, neatness, responsiveness, giftedness, objectivity;

Decency, positivity, practicality, understanding, friendliness;

Decisiveness, romance, cordiality;

Self-criticism, modesty, intelligence, conscientiousness, independence;

Tact, diligence, craving for creativity, patience;

Smiling, perseverance, poise, respectfulness, perseverance, courtesy, perseverance;

thriftiness, charisma, courage;

Chastity, purposefulness;

Sincerity, honesty, sensitivity;

Generosity, playfulness;

Energy, economy, enthusiasm, empathy, erudition.

Negative qualities include all the antipodes of the listed traits.

For example:

Aggressiveness;

Vulgarity;

Impudence;

Envy;

Arrogance;

deceitfulness;

commercialism;

Narcissism;

Touchiness;

Selfishness;

Callousness, etc.

Each positive trait has an opposite meaning. However, there are some qualities that can be called neutral:

Shyness;

Silence;

assertiveness;

modesty;

Dreaminess.

For some people, these are positive qualities, for others they can be negative. For example, assertiveness. In business, it is sometimes necessary, but in personal relationships it sometimes interferes greatly. Modesty is good for a girl, but is negatively perceived when it appears in a young man. When compiling a psychological portrait, all of the above positive qualities, their antipodes and other features are taken into account.

A person's character is not formed instantly, but until old age. The social environment is of great importance. For example, the volitional qualities inherent in a person are manifested in emergency situations when endurance, courage, stubbornness, etc. are required. Emotionality is a mental manifestation that occurs in certain situations. At the same time, feelings can be negative or positive, dynamic or stable, neutral. If we talk about intelligence, then this includes the individual characteristics and quality of thinking of the individual. For example, criticality, stupidity, breadth of soul, flexibility in any relationship, etc.

The nature of people greatly affects their perception of the environment. Some consider everyone good or bad, others - only themselves. Each person has a certain attitude:

To oneself (self-esteem, self-criticism, self-respect, etc.);

Labor (punctuality, accuracy, negligence, etc.);

Environment (politeness, isolation, sociability, rudeness, etc.).

As a result, a certain temperament is formed. It includes qualities that are constant for a particular person:

1. Sanguine people are very mobile, efficient, but they quickly get tired of hard work. They have bright facial expressions and a strong display of emotions. They are sociable, responsive, balanced. They look at everything from a positive point of view, optimistic. They have a cheerful disposition.

2. Cholerics are characterized by sharp mood swings, hysteria, impetuosity. They have frequent outbursts of anger, irascibility, but quick appeasement.

3. Melancholic pessimists, overly worried for any reason, often in an anxious state. Such people are very distrustful of others, vulnerable, restrained, they have good self-control.

4. Phlegmatic people have very low activity. However, they are very reasonable, cold-blooded and prudent. Any business is always brought to an end.

Separately, it is worth paying attention that each nationality has its own characteristics of character, although there are many common features. The greatest diversity is among the Russians.

Their character is very different from other nationalities.

Main criteria:

a) Spiritual generosity, which most peoples do not have.

b) Compassion.

in) Craving for justice.

G) Patience, endurance, perseverance.

e) Negative qualities include pessimism, foul language, laziness, hypocrisy. To the positive - responsiveness, loyalty, compassion, humanity.

A Russian is easily distinguished by a combination of character traits, one of which is a special sense of humor that other nationalities are not always able to understand. The set of qualities is so diverse that most people have an excessive manifestation of emotions. Some traits may change throughout life. At the same time, other qualities remain unchanged. However, negative traits are not always regarded as negative. Sometimes they emphasize dignity.

For example:

1. Selfishness is not only ignoring other people, but also the observance of one's own interests in the first place. Such a person has his own opinion and will not be led by others.

2. Self-confidence can improve productivity and performance. Then a person feels self-satisfied, which ultimately brings positive results for society.

3. Envy sometimes pushes a person to work better, to achieve the best result.

4. Stubbornness helps to achieve any set goals.

The character of any person consists of positive and negative qualities. As a result, a certain type is formed. For example, a person can be lazy, but kind and sympathetic. The other is evil, but very hardworking and striving. At the same time, women are always more emotional, selfless, good-natured, patient. Men are most often restrained, decisive, responsible.

Characters of people and problems

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Character(Greek - sign, distinctive property, distinctive feature, feature, sign or seal) - the structure of persistent, relatively constant mental properties that determine the characteristics of the relationship and behavior of the individual.

When they talk about character, they usually mean by this just such a set of properties and qualities of a personality that impose a certain imprint on all its manifestations and deeds. Character traits are those essential properties of a person that determine a particular way of behavior, way of life. The static character is determined by the type of nervous activity, and its dynamics is determined by the environment.

Character is understood as:

• a system of stable motives and ways of behavior that form a behavioral type of personality;
• a measure of the balance of the inner and outer worlds, the features of an individual's adaptation to the reality around him;
• distinctly expressed certainty of the typical behavior of each person.

In the system of personality relations, four groups of character traits are distinguished, forming symptom complexes:

• the attitude of a person towards other people, a team, society (sociability, sensitivity and responsiveness, respect for others - people, collectivism and opposite traits - isolation, callousness, callousness, rudeness, contempt for people, individualism);
• traits that show a person’s attitude to work, their work (hard work, a penchant for creativity, conscientiousness in work, a responsible attitude to business, initiative, perseverance and their opposite traits - laziness, a tendency to routine work, dishonesty, irresponsible attitude to work, passivity) ;
• traits that show how a person relates to himself (self-esteem, correctly understood pride and self-criticism associated with it, modesty and its opposite traits - self-conceit, sometimes turning into arrogance, vanity, arrogance, touchiness, shyness, egocentrism as a tendency to consider center of events
• oneself and one's experiences, selfishness - the tendency to care primarily about one's own personal welfare);
• traits that characterize a person's attitude to things (neatness or carelessness, careful or careless handling of things).

One of the most famous character theories is the theory proposed by the German psychologist E. Kretschmer. According to this theory, character depends on physique.

Kretschmer described three body types and their corresponding three types of character:

Asthenics(from Greek - weak) - people are thin, with an elongated face. long arms and legs, flat (ore cell and weak muscles. The corresponding type of character is schizothymic- people are closed, serious, stubborn, difficult to adapt to new conditions. With mental disorders, they are prone to schizophrenia;

Athletics(from Greek - peculiar to wrestlers) - people are tall, broad-shouldered, with a powerful chest, a strong skeleton and well-developed muscles. Corresponding character type - xotimics- people are calm, unimpressive, practical, domineering, restrained in gestures and facial expressions; They do not like change and do not adapt well to it. With mental disorders, they are prone to epilepsy;

Picnics(from Greek - dense. thick) - people of medium height, overweight or prone to obesity, with a short neck, a large head and a broad face with small features. Corresponding character tin - cyclothymics - people are sociable, contact, emotional, easily adapting to new conditions. With mental disorders, they are prone to manic-depressive psychosis.

General concept of character and its manifestations

In concept character(from the Greek character - “seal”, “chasing”), means a set of stable individual characteristics that develop and manifest themselves in activity and communication, causing typical behaviors for it.

When determining the character of a person, they do not say that such and such a person showed courage, truthfulness, frankness, that this person is courageous, truthful, frank, i.e. the named qualities are the properties of a given person, traits of his character, which can manifest themselves under appropriate circumstances. Knowledge of a person's character allows you to predict with a significant degree of probability and thereby correct the expected actions and deeds. It is not uncommon to say of a person with character: "He had to do just that, he could not do otherwise - such is his character."

However, not all human features can be considered characteristic, but only essential and stable ones. If a person, for example, is not polite enough in a stressful situation, then this does not mean that rudeness and restraint are a property of his character. Sometimes, even very cheerful people can experience a feeling of sadness, but this does not make them whiners and pessimists.

Speaking like a lifetime human, character is determined and formed throughout a person's life. The way of life includes the way of thoughts, feelings, impulses, actions in their unity. Therefore, as a certain way of life of a person is formed, the person himself is formed. An important role here is played by social conditions and specific life circumstances in which a person’s life path passes, based on his natural properties and as a result of his deeds and deeds. However, the formation of character itself takes place in groups of different levels of development (, a friendly company, a class, a sports team, etc.). Depending on which group is the reference group for the individual and what values ​​it supports and cultivates in its environment, the corresponding character traits will develop among its members. Character traits will also depend on the position of the individual in the group, on how he integrates in it. In a team as a group of a high level of development, the most favorable opportunities are created for the development of the best character traits. This process is mutual, and thanks to the development of the individual, the team itself develops.

Character content, reflecting social influences, influences, constitutes the life orientation of the individual, i.e. her material and spiritual needs, interests, beliefs, ideals, etc. The orientation of the personality determines the goals, the life plan of a person, the degree of his life activity. The character of a person implies the presence of something significant for him in the world, in life, something on which the motives of his actions depend, the goals of his actions, the tasks that he sets himself.

Decisive for understanding character is the relationship between socially and personally significant for a person. Every society has its own major and essential tasks. It is on them that the character of people is formed and tested. Therefore, the concept of "character" refers more to the relationship of these objectively existing tasks. Therefore, character is not just any manifestation of firmness, perseverance, etc. (formal persistence can be just stubbornness), but focus on socially significant activities. It is the orientation of the personality that underlies the unity, integrity, strength of character. The possession of life goals is the main condition for the formation of character. A spineless person is characterized by the absence or dispersion of goals. However, the nature and orientation of the personality are not the same thing. Good-natured and cheerful can be both a decent, highly moral person, and a person with low, unscrupulous thoughts. The orientation of the individual leaves an imprint on all human behavior. And although behavior is determined not by one impulse, but by an integral system of relations, something always comes to the fore in this system, dominating it, giving a peculiar flavor to a person’s character.

In the formed character, the leading component is the persuasion system. Conviction determines the long-term direction of a person's behavior, his inflexibility in achieving his goals, confidence in the justice and importance of the work that he performs. Character traits are closely related to the interests of a person, provided that these interests are stable and deep. The superficiality and instability of interests are often associated with great imitation, with a lack of independence and integrity of a person's personality. And, conversely, the depth and content of interests testify to the purposefulness and perseverance of the individual. The similarity of interests does not imply similar features of character. So, among rationalizers one can find people cheerful and sad, modest and obsessive, egoists and altruists.

Indicative for the understanding of character can also be the affections and interests of a person related to his leisure. They reveal new features, facets of character: for example, L. N. Tolstoy was fond of playing chess, I. P. Pavlov - towns, D. I. Mendeleev - reading adventure novels. Whether a person's spiritual and material needs and interests dominate is determined not only by the thoughts and feelings of the individual, but also by the direction of his activity. No less important is the correspondence of a person's actions to the set goals, since a person is characterized not only by what she does, but also by how she does it. Character can only be understood as a certain unity of direction and mode of action.

People with a similar orientation can go completely different ways to achieve goals and use their own, special, techniques and methods for this. This dissimilarity also determines the specific character of the individual. Character traits, having a certain motivating force, are clearly manifested in a situation of choosing actions or ways of behaving. From this point of view, as a character trait, one can consider the degree of expression of an individual's achievement motivation - his need to achieve success. Depending on this, some people are characterized by the choice of actions that ensure success (showing initiative, competitive activity, striving for risk, etc.), while others are more likely to simply avoid failures (deviation from risk and responsibility, avoiding manifestations of activity, initiative, etc.).

Teaching about character characterology has a long history of development. The most important problems of characterology for centuries have been the establishment of types of character and their definition by its manifestations in order to predict human behavior in various situations. Since character is a lifetime formation of a personality, most of its existing classifications proceed from grounds that are external, mediated factors in the development of a personality.

One of the most ancient attempts to predict human behavior is the explanation of his character by the date of birth. A variety of ways to predict the fate and character of a person are called horoscopes.

No less popular are attempts to connect the character of a person with his name.

Significant influence on the development of characterology had physiognomy(from the Greek Physis - "nature", gnomon - "knowing") - the doctrine of the relationship between the external appearance of a person and his belonging to a certain type of personality, due to which the psychological characteristics of this type can be established by external signs.

Palmistry has no less famous and rich history than the physiognomic trend in characterology. Palmistry(from the Greek Cheir - "hand" and manteia - "fortune telling", "prophecy") - a system for predicting a person's character traits and his fate according to the skin relief of the palms.

Until recently, scientific psychology has consistently rejected palmistry, but the study of the embryonic development of finger patterns in connection with heredity gave impetus to the emergence of a new branch of knowledge - dermatoglyphics.

More valuable, in a diagnostic sense, compared to, say, physiognomy, can be considered graphology - a science that considers handwriting as a kind of expressive movements that reflect the psychological properties of the writer.

At the same time, the unity, versatility of character do not exclude the fact that in different situations the same person manifests different and even opposite properties. A person can be both very gentle and very demanding, soft and compliant and at the same time firm to the point of inflexibility. And the unity of his character can not only be preserved in spite of this, but it is precisely in this that it manifests itself.

The relationship of character and temperament

Character often compared with, and in some cases, they replace these concepts with each other.

In science, among the dominant views on the relationship between character and temperament, four main ones can be distinguished:

• identification of character and temperament (E. Kretschmer, A. Ruzhitsky);
• opposition of character and temperament, emphasizing the antagonism between them (P. Viktorv, V. Virenius);
• recognition of temperament as an element of character, its core, an invariable part (S. L. Rubinshtein, S. Gorodetsky);
• recognition of temperament as the natural basis of character (L. S. Vygotsky, B. G. Ananiev).

Based on the materialistic understanding of human phenomena, it should be noted that the common character and temperament is the dependence on the physiological characteristics of a person, and above all on the type of nervous system. The formation of character essentially depends on the properties of temperament, more closely related to the properties of the nervous system. In addition, character traits arise when the temperament is already sufficiently developed. Character develops on the basis, on the basis of temperament. Temperament determines in the character such traits as the balance or imbalance of behavior, the ease or difficulty of entering a new situation, the mobility or inertness of the reaction, etc. However, temperament does not predetermine character. People with the same temperament properties can have a completely different character. Features of temperament can contribute to or counteract the formation of certain character traits. Thus, it is more difficult for a melancholic to form courage and determination in himself than for a choleric. It is more difficult for a choleric person to develop self-restraint, phlegmatic; a phlegmatic person needs to spend more energy to become sociable than a sanguine person, etc.

However, as B. G. Ananiev believed, if education consisted only in improving and strengthening natural properties, this would lead to a monstrous uniformity of development. The properties of temperament can, to some extent, even come into conflict with the character. In P. I. Tchaikovsky, the tendency to melancholy experiences was overcome by one of the main features of his character - his ability to work. “You always need to work,” he said, “and every honest artist cannot sit idly by, under the pretext that he is not located .. If you wait for an arrangement and do not try to meet him, then you can easily fall into laziness and apathy . Disagreements very rarely happen to me. I attribute this to my being endowed with patience, and train myself never to give in to reluctance. I've learned to conquer myself."

In a person with a formed character, temperament ceases to be an independent form of personality manifestation, but becomes its dynamic side, consisting in a certain speed of the course of mental processes and manifestations of the personality, a certain characteristic of the expressive movements and actions of the personality. Here we should also note the influence exerted on the formation of character by a dynamic stereotype, i.e. a system of conditioned reflexes that form in response to a steadily repeating system of stimuli. The formation of dynamic stereotypes in a person in various repetitive situations is influenced by his attitude to the situation, as a result of which excitation, inhibition, mobility of nervous processes can change, and, consequently, the general functional state of the nervous system. It is also necessary to note the decisive role in the formation of dynamic stereotypes of the second signal system, through which social influences are carried out.

Ultimately, the traits of temperament and character are organically linked and interact with each other in a single, holistic image of a person, forming an inseparable alloy - an integral characteristic of his personality.

Character has long been identified with the will of a person, the expression “a person with character” was considered as a synonym for the expression “strong-willed person”. The will is associated primarily with the strength of character, its firmness, determination, perseverance. When they say that a person has a strong character, they thereby seem to want to emphasize his purposefulness, his strong-willed qualities. In this sense, the character of a person is best manifested in overcoming difficulties, in the struggle, i.e. in those conditions where the will of man is manifested to the greatest extent. But character is not exhausted by force, it has content, determining how the will will function under various conditions. On the one hand, in volitional deeds, character develops and manifests itself in them: volitional deeds in situations that are significant for the individual pass into the character of a person, fixing themselves in it as relatively stable properties of it; these properties, in turn, determine the behavior of a person, his volitional actions. Volitional character is distinguished by certainty, constancy and independence, firmness in the implementation of the intended goal. On the other hand, it is not uncommon for a weak-willed person to be called “spineless”. From the point of view of psychology, this is not entirely true - and a weak-willed person has certain character traits, such as fearfulness, indecision, etc. The use of the term “characterless” means the unpredictability of a person’s behavior, indicates that he does not have his own direction, an internal core that would determine his behavior. His actions are caused by external influences and do not depend on himself.

The peculiarity of character is also reflected in the peculiarities of the flow of human feelings. This was pointed out by K. D. Ushinsky: “nothing, neither words, nor thoughts, nor even our actions express ourselves and our attitude to the world so clearly and correctly, as our feelings: they hear the character of not a separate thought, not a separate decision, but the entire content of our soul and its structure. The connection between feelings and properties of a person's character is also mutual. On the one hand, the level of development of moral, aesthetic, intellectual feelings depends on the nature of a person's activity and communication and on the traits of character formed on this basis. On the other hand, these feelings themselves become characteristic, stable features of the personality, thus constituting the character of a person. The level of development of a sense of duty, a sense of humor and other complex feelings is a fairly indicative characteristic of a person.

Of particular importance for characterological manifestations is the relationship of intellectual personality traits. The depth and sharpness of thought, the unusual posing of the question and its solution, intellectual initiative, confidence and independence of thinking - all this makes up the originality of the mind as one of the sides of character. However, how a person uses his mental faculties will depend significantly on character. Often there are people who have high intellectual data, but do not give anything of value precisely because of their characterological features. Numerous literary images of superfluous people serve as an example of this (Pechorin, Rudin, Beltov, etc.). As I. S. Turgenev well said through the mouth of one of the characters in the novel about Rudin: “There is perhaps genius in him, but no nature.” Thus, the real achievements of a person do not depend on some abstractly taken mental capabilities, but on a specific combination of his features and characterological properties.

character structure

In general form, all character traits can be divided into basic, leading, setting the general direction for the development of the whole complex of its manifestations, and secondary, determined by the main. So, if we consider such traits as indecision, timidity and altruism, then with the prevalence of the first, a person, first of all, constantly fears “no matter how something happens” and all attempts to help one’s neighbor usually end in inner feelings and the search for justification. If the second trait is altruism, then the person outwardly shows no hesitation, immediately comes to the rescue, controlling his behavior with the intellect, but at the same time he may sometimes have doubts about the correctness of the actions taken.

Knowledge of leading traits allows you to reflect the main essence of the character, to show its main manifestations. Writers, artists, wanting an idea of ​​the character of the hero, first of all describe his leading, pivotal features. So, A. S. Pushkin put into the mouth of Vorotynsky (in the tragedy “Boris Godunov”) an exhaustive description of Shuisky - “a crafty courtier”. Some heroes of literary works so deeply and truly reflect certain typical character traits that their names become common nouns (Khlestakov, Oblomov, Manilov, etc.).

Although every character trait reflects one of the manifestations of a person's attitude to reality, this does not mean that any attitude will be a character trait. Only some relationships, depending on the conditions, become features. From the totality of the relationship of the individual to the surrounding reality, it is necessary to single out the character-forming forms of relations. The most important distinguishing feature of such relations is the decisive, paramount and general vital importance of those objects to which a person belongs. These relationships simultaneously serve as the basis for the classification of the most important character traits.

The character of a person is manifested in the system of relations:

• In relation to other people (at the same time, such character traits as sociability - isolation, truthfulness - deceit, tact - rudeness, etc. can be distinguished).
• In relation to the case (responsibility - dishonesty, diligence - laziness, etc.).
• In relation to oneself (modesty - narcissism, self-criticism - self-confidence, pride - humiliation, etc.).
• In relation to property (generosity - greed, frugality - extravagance, accuracy - slovenliness, etc.). It should be noted a certain conditionality of this classification and a close relationship, the interpenetration of these aspects of relations. So, for example, if a person shows rudeness, then this concerns his relationship to people; but if at the same time he works as a teacher, then here it is already necessary to talk about his attitude to the matter (bad faith), about his attitude towards himself (narcissism).

Despite the fact that these relationships are the most important from the point of view of character formation, they do not simultaneously and immediately become character traits. There is a certain sequence in the transition of these relations into character traits, and in this sense it is impossible to put in one row, say, the attitude towards other people and the attitude towards property, since their very content plays a different role in the real existence of a person. A decisive role in the formation of character is played by the attitude of a person to society, to people. The character of a person cannot be revealed and understood outside the team, without taking into account his attachments in the form of camaraderie, friendship, love.

In the structure of character, one can distinguish traits that are common to a certain group of people. Even the most original person can find some trait (for example, unusual, unpredictable behavior), the possession of which allows him to be attributed to a group of people with similar behavior. In this case, we should talk about typical in character traits. N. D. Levitov believes that the type of character is a concrete expression in the individual character of traits common to a certain group of people. Indeed, as noted, the character is not innate - it is formed in the life and work of a person as a representative of a certain group, a certain society. Therefore, the character of a person is always a product of society, which explains the similarities and differences in the characters of people belonging to different groups.

Diverse typical features are reflected in the individual character: national, professional, age. Thus, people of the same nationality are in the conditions of life that have developed over many generations, they experience the specific features of national life; develop under the influence of the existing national structure, language. Therefore, people of one nationality differ in their way of life, habits, rights, and character from people of another. These typical features are often fixed by everyday consciousness in various attitudes and stereotypes. Most people have a formed image of a representative of a particular country: an American, a Scot, an Italian, a Chinese, etc.

Each person has a unique set of qualities that define his personality. Interestingly, what are the traits of character, what are the types of qualities and how do they affect the character of a person?

What are the character traits?

Why deal with what character traits exist? In order to be able to determine the type of character of the interlocutor. And knowing what type of character a person has, it is easier to predict his actions, and this will help to avoid various unpleasant situations.

Even without being familiar with the topic, you can name many character traits, how can you understand which of them are decisive for a particular person? In psychology, there are concepts of leading and secondary character traits. That is, not every trait will manifest itself with equal force in human behavior. For example, a truth-loving and timid person will constantly endure ridicule from those around him, arguing alone with himself how wrong they are, if timidity is leading in him. But if truthfulness prevails, then he will tell everyone who they really are, deep down fearing the consequences.

Therefore, character traits are classified in relation to various aspects of life.

1. Attitude towards other people: rudeness, truthfulness, tact, deceit, isolation, sociability, friendliness.
2. Attitude to business: conscientiousness, responsibility, diligence, laziness.
3. Attitude towards oneself: narcissism, self-criticism, modesty, pride, self-confidence.
4. Attitude to property: greed, frugality, generosity, extravagance, carelessness, accuracy.

The main group is the attitude towards other people, because it is in society that the main character traits are formed, without assessing behavior with other people, a person’s character cannot be understood. If a person has some specific character traits overdeveloped, then this is called accentuation.

What is the character of a person with accentuation?

The most famous division into introverts and extroverts, closed and sociable people, respectively. But there is also such a classification of types of human character with accentuation.

4 types of character

It is not easy to figure out what kind of character a person has, because there are many classifications. From school, we know the concepts of choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic - these are types of temperament, but they are often confused with types of human character. Temperament really has a huge impact on character. Therefore, in order to understand what types of character are, it is imperative to take into account the temperament of a person.

We talk about the main character traits and what they depend on. Read how to determine the character by facial features in our material.

The main character traits of a person affect not only the formation of his personality, but also relationships with other people, career building and mutual understanding in the family. The qualities of a person and their importance cannot be ignored when you choose your life path. You need to be able to identify strengths and understand that there may also be weaknesses that need to be improved. Then you can become a comprehensively and personally developed person who can conquer more than one peak.

Character traits of a successful person

About what are and what are the qualities in a successful adult, we will understand in order. First of all, let's clarify what a character is. After all, we are talking about a set of features that differ in constancy. It is the traits of a person that influence his behavior, attitude towards others and towards himself, as well as towards work and the world around him. The description of character from the point of view of psychology focuses on individual indicators by which one can predict and predict reactions, behavior and actions. For example, the desire to learn new things, sociability and openness instill in a person the desire to travel.

A character trait is one of the most important components of personality, since it contains the basis of a person, as well as a way to solve problems. It is difficult to list the exact list of traits with explanations. We are born with some traits, while others we acquire in the process of life (and they are the most changeable). The character of a person is not only a list of individual traits, but also a whole psychological system.

The list of persistent traits and their relationship to various systems is as follows:

	trait, manifestation
In relation to yourself	Selfishness, exactingness, modesty, self-sufficiency, criticality
With other people	Openness-closedness, honesty-lie, rudeness-politeness
	Diligence and laziness, initiative and passivity, formality and responsibility
To the world around	Neatness, negligence

Also, the division of character traits occurs according to the principle of cognition or emotionality:

• intellectual include criticality, craving for knowledge, resourcefulness, analyticity, flexibility and practicality;
• emotional include passion, sentimentality, impressionability;
• strong-willed include confidence, courage, uncertainty, perseverance;
• morality includes kindness, openness, deceit, cruelty, humanity.

To make it easier to explain the behavior of a person and his actions, psychologists divided the traits into instrumental and motivational. In the first case, we are talking about one's own style, unsurpassed, and in the second case, what drives a person and makes him perform this or that action.

It's no secret that a person develops in society. In this regard, the features are divided into typical and individual. Typical is understood as a set of standard qualities that are inherent in a certain group of people (family, team, population of one city). If a certain trait is used by a person most often, sometimes in non-standard situations, then it becomes individual and distinguishes the person from the rest.

Positive personality traits

The list of positive and good character traits of a person may differ, depending on what type of communication is being discussed. So, in the work, the positive qualities are:

• purposefulness;
• persistence;
• responsibility;
• diligence;
• organization;
• attentiveness.

In communicating with other people, such traits as honesty, openness, humanity, tolerance, justice, loyalty and sociability are important. Only in the presence of such manifestations, it is possible to build strong and fulfilling relationships with other people. In the process of personality formation, special attention is paid to morality and humanity. Distortion of these features or a large number of shortcomings cannot allow a person to develop. When compiling a list for a resume, it is worth indicating such positive qualities that matter to the employer:

• perseverance;
• purposefulness;
• responsibility;
• honesty;
• sociability;
• stress resistance;
• attention to detail and perfectionism;
• self-criticism;
• diligence.

Negative personality traits

Negative and negative character traits of a person are formed if the attitude towards oneself is better than towards other people. Speaking about what bad qualities are, we can distinguish the following:

• pride, self-confidence;
• selfishness;
• laziness;
• irresponsibility;
• envy;
• avarice;
• contempt;
• coarseness;
• aggression.

The more negative qualities are developed, and the less attention a person pays to self-improvement, which is fraught with conflicts with the outside world.

The character of a person by facial features

How to determine and how to recognize the character of a person by facial features? After all, not everyone knows that thin lips or a cut of the eyes can determine what quality is inherent in us, how we can act in a given situation. You can recognize the features by the shape of the face:

• confidence is determined by the ratio of the width and length of the face. If the width is less than 60% of the length, then we are talking about cautious and insecure people;
• friendliness can be determined by the position of the eyebrows. For example, if the eyebrow line is higher, then we are talking about increased facial expressions and sociability;
• a wide arrangement of eyes is inherent in people who more often forgive other people's oversights and mistakes;
• a small distance between the upper lip and nose is inherent in people with a sense of humor, but sometimes jokes are taken personally. a long distance speaks of sarcasm, the plane of humor;
• full lips speak of a more open and sociable person, and thin lips speak of isolation and secrecy;
• a thick fold on the eyelid is inherent in individuals who have analytical thinking, and a thin fold or its absence is inherent in those who impulsively perform actions;
• charismatic individuals have a deeper and more unusual eye color.

The shape of the face can tell no less about its owner. For example, a round face is more emotional, sexual personalities with whom you can build a serious relationship. The oval face shape is found in egoists, practitioners and methodical people, but it is difficult to build relationships with them. The triangular face of quick-tempered and creative people. Square - for smart, aggressive and dominant.

It is also worth paying attention to such features of a person that indicate the presence of certain qualities:

• a curved forehead for creative people, and a straight one for progressive ones;
• thin eyebrows for indecisive personalities, thick ones for persistent and resolute ones;
• expressive eyes in sympathetic and kind people, small in nervous ones;
• closely spaced eyes indicate a good reaction and concentration of attention, widely spaced are inherent in people with a broad outlook;
• a straight nose is inherent in individuals who are distinguished by kindness, cordiality, they set a high bar for themselves, and a big nose speaks of rage. An upturned nose occurs in sociable individuals, and a hump on the nose occurs in strong-willed individuals;
• a small mouth for modest people, and a big mouth for talkative ones;
• full lips for sensitive ones, small ones for egoists, raised corners speak of optimism, and lowered ones indicate that it is almost impossible to please a person;
• wrinkles around the eyes are in a sociable person, and wrinkles between the eyebrows speak of determination and hard work.

And these are not all ways to learn about the qualities of a person and his behavior without personal communication. There are traits that are determined alphabetically (letters in the name and surname), by date of birth, there is even a connection with certain diseases and favorite shades. So, if a person loves yellow, then he is distinguished by optimism, openness and honesty, and purple lovers are sensitive, emotional and not understood by everyone.

All these factors together leave an imprint on our personality. We no longer have to talk about ourselves and pass psychological tests in order to understand what kind of person we are talking about. A wrinkle on the forehead, a favorite shade, the shape of the eyes, a smile, a zodiac sign and clothing preferences can describe everything. A little more attention to those around us, and it will become easier to find a common language or see hidden qualities. Everything is in our hands, or rather, the eyes, the shape of the face and lips.