Features class zma e and f undergrowth. Speech characteristics of the heroes of the comedy “Undergrowth. famous comedy lines

The original idea of ​​​​Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" was to reveal the topic of education, which was very relevant in the Enlightenment, a little later socio-political issues were added to the work.

The name of the play is directly related to the decree of Peter the Great, which banned the opportunity to serve and marry young uneducated underage nobles.

History of creation

The first manuscript sketches of The Undergrowth date from around 1770. To write the play, Fonvizin had to rework many works with the appropriate ideology - the works of Russian and foreign contemporary writers (Voltaire, Rousseau, Lukin, Chulkov, etc.), articles from satirical magazines and even comedies written by Empress Catherine II herself. The work on the text was completed in 1781. A year later, after some obstacles from censorship, the first production of the play took place, and Fonvizin himself was the director, and the first publication of the play took place in 1773.

Description of the work

Action 1

The scene begins with a stormy discussion of a caftan sewn for Mitrofanushka. Mrs. Prostakova scolds her tailor Trishka and Prostakov supports her in an effort to punish the negligent servant. The situation is saved by the appearance of Skotinin, he justifies the unfortunate tailor. This is followed by a comical scene with Mitrofanushka - he manifests himself as an infantile young man, who also loves to eat tightly.

Skotinin discusses with the Prostakov couple the prospects for his marriage to Sofyushka. The only relative of the girl, Starodum, unexpectedly sends news of Sophia's acquisition of an impressive inheritance. Now the young lady has no end to the suitors - now the "minor" Mitrofan appears in the list of candidates for husbands.

Action 2

Among the soldiers who stopped in the village by chance is Sofyushka's fiancé - officer Milon. He turns out to be a good friend of Pravdin, an official who came to deal with the lawlessness that is happening on the Prostakov estate. At a chance meeting with her beloved, Milon learns about Prostakova's plans to arrange the fate of her son by marrying a now wealthy girl. This is followed by a quarrel between Skotinin and Mitrofan because of the future bride. Teachers appear - Kuteikin and Tsyfirkin, they share with Pravdin the details of their appearance in the Prostakovs' house.

Action 3

Arrival of the Starodum. Pravdin first meets Sophia's relative and reports to him about the atrocities happening in the Prostakovs' house in relation to the girl. The entire host family and Skotinin greet Starodum with hypocritical joy. Uncle plans to take Sofyushka to Moscow and marry her off. The girl submits to the will of her relative, not knowing that he chose Milon as her husband. Prostakova begins to praise Mitrofanushka as a diligent student. After everyone has dispersed, the remaining teachers Tsyfirkin and Kuteikin discuss the laziness and mediocrity of their undergrowth student. At the same time, they accuse the rogue, the former stableman of Starodum, Vralman, of hindering the learning process of the already stupid Mitrofanushka with his dense ignorance.

Action 4

Starodum and Sofyushka are talking about high moral principles and family values ​​- true love between spouses. After a conversation with Milon, having ascertained the high moral qualities of the young man, the uncle blesses his niece for marriage with her lover. What follows is a comical scene in which the unfortunate suitors Mitrofanushka and Skotinin are shown in a very unfavorable light. Having learned about the departure of a happy couple, the Prostakov family decides to intercept Sophia on the road.

Action 5

Starodum and Pravdin have pious conversations, having heard a noise, they interrupt the conversation and soon learn about the attempted kidnapping of the bride. Pravdin accuses the Prostakovs of this atrocity and threatens them with punishment. Prostakova on her knees begs for forgiveness from Sophia, but as soon as she receives it, she immediately accuses the servants of sluggishness in kidnapping the girl. A government paper arrives, announcing the transfer of all the property of the Prostakovs to Pravdin's custody. The scene of paying debts to teachers ends with a fair denouement - Vralman's deceit is revealed, the modest hard worker Tsyfirkin is generously endowed, and the ignorant Kuteikin is left with nothing. The happy young people and Starodum are getting ready to leave. Mitrofanushka heeds Pravdin's advice to join the army.

main characters

Considering the images of the main characters, it is worth noting that the speaking names of the characters in the play express the one-line nature of their character and leave no doubt about the author's moral assessment of the characters in the comedy.

The sovereign mistress of the estate, a despotic and ignorant woman, who believes that all matters, without exception, can be solved with the help of force, money or deceit.

His image is the focus of stupidity and ignorance. He has a striking lack of will and unwillingness to make decisions himself. Undergrowth Mitrofanushka was named not only because of his age, but also because of his total ignorance and low level of moral and civic education.

A kind, sympathetic girl who received a good education, has a high level of internal culture. Lives with the Prostakovs after the death of his parents. With all her heart she is devoted to her fiancé - officer Milon.

A person personifying the truth of life and the word of the law. As a government official, he is on the Prostakovs' estate in order to sort out the lawlessness that is happening there, in particular, the unfair mistreatment of servants.

Sophia's only relative, her uncle and guardian. A successful man who managed to realize his high moral principles.

Sophia's beloved and long-awaited fiance. A brave and honest young officer of high virtue.

A narrow-minded, greedy, uneducated person, who does not disdain anything for the sake of profit and is distinguished by deceit and hypocrisy to a high degree.

comedy analysis

Fonvizin's "Undergrowth" is a classic comedy in 5 acts, all three unities are strictly observed in it - the unity of time, place and action.

The solution to the problem of education is the central moment of the dramatic action of this satirical play. The accusatory sarcastic scene of Mitrofanushka's exam is a true culmination in the development of an educational theme. In Fonvizin's comedy, two worlds collide - each with different ideals and needs, with different lifestyles and speech dialects.

The author innovatively shows the landowner's life of that time, the relationship between the owners and ordinary peasant people. The complex psychological characteristics of the characters gave impetus to the subsequent development of Russian everyday comedy as a theatrical and literary genre of the era of classicism.

Hero Quotes

Mitrofanushka- “I don’t want to study, I want to get married”;

— “Direct dignity in a person is the soul” and many others.

Prostakov — « Without science, people live and lived"

Final conclusion

Fonvizin's comedy has become a unique landmark work for contemporaries. In the play there is a vivid opposition of high moral principles, real education and laziness, ignorance and waywardness. In the socio-political comedy "Undergrowth" three themes rise to the surface:

• the theme of education and upbringing;
• the theme of serfdom;
• the theme of the condemnation of despotic autocratic power.

The purpose of writing this brilliant work is clear - the eradication of ignorance, the education of virtues, the fight against the vices that struck Russian society and the state.

Article menu:

“Undergrowth” is a play in five acts, written by Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin. A cult dramatic work of the 18th century and one of the most striking examples of classicism. It entered the school curriculum, was repeatedly staged on the stage, received a screen embodiment, and its lines were dismantled into quotes that today live independently from the original source, becoming aphorisms of the Russian language.

Plot: a summary of the play “Undergrowth”

The plot of “Undergrowth” is well known to everyone since school years, but we still recall the summary of the play in order to restore the sequence of events in memory.

The action takes place in the village of Prostakov. Its owners - Mrs. and Mr. Prostakov and their son Mitrofanushka - live a quiet life of provincial nobles. Also, the orphan Sofyushka lives on the estate, whom the lady sheltered in her house, but, as it turns out, not out of compassion, but because of the inheritance, which she freely disposes of as a self-proclaimed guardian. In the near future, they plan to give Sophia for Prostakova's brother Taras Skotinin.

The lady's plans are shattered when Sophia receives a letter from her uncle Starodum, who was still considered dead. Stradum is alive and well and goes on a date with his niece, and he also reports a fortune of 10 thousand income, which he inherits from his beloved relative. After such news, Prostakova begins to court Sophia, whom she still has little complained about, because now she wants to marry her to her beloved Mitrofan, and leave Skotinin with nothing.

Fortunately, Starodum turned out to be a noble and honest man, wishing his niece well. Moreover, Sophia already had a betrothed - officer Milon, who had just stopped with his regiment in the village of Prostakov. Starodub knew Milon and gave the young people his blessing.

In desperation, Prostakova tries to organize the abduction of Sophia and forcibly marry her to her son. However, even here the treacherous mistress fails - Milon saves her beloved on the night of the abduction.

Prostakov is generously forgiven and not put on trial, however, her estate, which has long aroused suspicion, is transferred to the state guardian. Everyone is leaving, and even Mitrofanushka leaves her mother, because he does not love her, as, in general, he does not love anyone in the world.

Characteristics of heroes: positive and negative characters

As in any classic work, the characters in "Undergrowth" are clearly divided into positive and negative.

Negative characters:

• Mrs. Prostakova - the mistress of the village;
• Mr. Prostakov - her husband;
• Mitrofanushka - the son of the Prostakovs, undersized;
• Taras Skotinin is the brother of the Prostakovs.

Goodies:

• Sophia is an orphan, lives with the Prostakovs;
• Starodum is her uncle;
• Milon - an officer, Sophia's lover;
• Pravdin is a state official who came to control the affairs in the Prostakov village.

Secondary characters:

• Tsyfirkin - teacher of arithmetic;
• Kuteikin - teacher, former seminarian;
• Vralman - a former coachman, pretends to be a teacher;
• Eremovna is Mitrofan's nanny.

Mrs. Prostakova

Prostakova is the most striking negative character, and indeed the most prominent character in the play. She is the mistress of the village of Prostakovs and it is the lady who, having completely suppressed her weak-willed spouse, establishes the lordly order and makes decisions.

However, she is completely ignorant, devoid of manners, often rude. Prostakova, like other members of the family, cannot read and despises science. Mitrofanushka's mother is engaged in the education of Mitrofanushka only because this is how it should be in the New World society, but she does not understand the true value of knowledge.

In addition to ignorance, Prostakova is distinguished by cruelty, deceit, hypocrisy, and envy.

The only creature she loves is her son Mitrofanushka. However, the mother's blind, absurd love only spoils the child, turning him into a copy of himself in a man's dress.

Mr. Prostakov

The figurative owner of the Prostakovs' estate. In fact, everything is led by his imperious wife, whom he is madly afraid of and does not dare to say a word. Prostakov has long lost his own opinion and dignity. He cannot even say whether the caftan sewn by the tailor Trishka for Mitrofan is good or bad, because he is afraid to say something different from what the lady expects.

Mitrofan

Son of the Prostakovs, undersized. In the family, he is affectionately called Mitrofanushka. And, meanwhile, it is time for this young man to enter adulthood, but he has absolutely no idea about it. Mitrofan is spoiled by maternal love, he is capricious, cruel to servants and teachers, pompous, lazy. Despite many years of studying with teachers, the young gentleman is hopelessly stupid, he does not show the slightest desire for learning and knowledge.

And the worst thing is that Mitrofanushka is a terrible egoist, nothing matters to him except his own interests. At the end of the play, he easily leaves his mother, who loved him so unrequitedly. Even she is empty space for him.

Skotinin

Brother of Mrs. Prostakova. Narcissistic, limited, ignorant, cruel and greedy. Taras Skotinin has a great passion for pigs, the rest is of little interest to this narrow-minded person. He has no idea of ​​family ties, cordial affection and love. Describing how well his future wife will live, Skotinin only says that he will provide her with the best lighter. In his system of coordinates, this is where marital happiness lies.

Sofia

Positive female image of the work. A very well-mannered, kind, meek and compassionate girl. Sophia received a good education, she has an inquisitive mind and a thirst for knowledge. Even in the poisonous atmosphere of the Prostakovs' house, the girl does not become like the owners, but continues to lead the lifestyle that she likes - she reads a lot, thinks, is friendly and polite with everyone.

Starodum

Sophia's uncle and guardian. Starodum is the voice of the author in the play. His speeches are very aphoristic, he talks a lot about life, virtues, mind, law, government, modern society, marriage, love and other pressing issues. Starodum is incredibly wise and noble. Despite the fact that he clearly has a negative attitude towards Prostakova and her ilk, Starodum does not allow himself to stoop to rudeness and overt criticism, and as for light sarcasm, his narrow-minded “relatives” cannot recognize him.

Milon

Sophia's beloved officer. The image of a hero-defender, an ideal young man, husband. He is very fair, does not put up with meanness and lies. Milo was brave, and not only in battle, but also in his speeches. He is devoid of vanity and base prudence. All the “suitors” of Sophia spoke only about her condition, but Milon never mentioned that his betrothed was rich. He sincerely loved Sophia even before she had an inheritance, and therefore, in his choice, the young man was by no means guided by the size of the annual income of the bride.

“I don’t want to study, but I want to get married”: the problem of education in the story

The key problem of the work is the theme of provincial noble upbringing and education. The protagonist Mitrofanushka gets an education only because it is fashionable and “so established”. In fact, neither he nor his ignorant mother understand the true purpose of knowledge. They should make a person smarter, better, serve him throughout his life and benefit society. Knowledge is hard-earned and can never be forced into someone's head.

Mitrofan's home education is a dummy, a fiction, a provincial theater. For several years, the unfortunate student did not master either reading or writing. The comic test that Pravdin arranges, Mitrofan fails with a roar, but because of his stupidity he cannot even understand this. He calls the word door an adjective, because they say it is applied to the opening, he confuses science with stories that Vralman tells him in abundance, and Mitrofanushka cannot even pronounce the word “geography” ... too tricky.

To show the grotesqueness of Mitrofan's education, Fonvizin introduces the image of Vralman, who teaches "in French and all the sciences." In fact, Vralman (a surname that speaks!) is not a teacher at all, but a former coachman of Starodum. He easily deceives the ignorant Prostakova and even becomes her favorite, because he professes his own teaching method - not to force the student to do anything by force. With such zeal, as in Mitrofan, the teacher and student are simply idle.

Hand in hand with the acquisition of knowledge and skills goes education. For the most part, Mrs. Prostakova is responsible for it. She methodically imposes her rotten morality on Mitrofan, who (here he is diligent!) perfectly absorbs mother's advice. So, while solving the problem of division, Prostakova advises her son not to share with anyone, but to take everything for himself. Talking about marriage, mother only talks about the wealth of the bride, never mentioning emotional affection and love. Mitrofan is not familiar with such concepts as courage, courage, valor underage. Despite the fact that he is no longer a baby, he is still taken care of in everything. The boy cannot even stand up for himself during a skirmish with his uncle, he immediately starts calling for his mother, and the old nanny Eremeevna rushes at the offender with his fists.

Name meaning: two sides of the coin

The title of the play has a direct and figurative meaning.

The direct meaning of the name
Undergrowth in the old days was called teenagers, young men who had not yet reached the age of majority and had not entered the public service.

The figurative meaning of the name
Undergrowth was also called a fool, an ignoramus, a narrow-minded and uneducated person, regardless of his age. With the light hand of Fonvizin, it was precisely this negative connotation that was attached to the word in modern Russian.

Every person is reborn from a minor youth into an adult man. This is growing up, the law of nature. However, not everyone turns from a dark undergrowth-half-educated into an educated self-sufficient person. Such transformation requires effort and perseverance.

Place in literature: Russian literature of the 18th century → Russian drama of the 18th century → The work of Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin → 1782 → The play “Undergrowth”.

Prostakova's husband is silent, he does not allow himself to open his mouth without the permission of his wife, but he still did not escape his fate and, according to his wife, is "a countless fool." We see in him a weak-willed person who is completely controlled by his wife. Mitrofanushka also does not like to talk much, but he, unlike his father, is allowed to say whatever he wants. Uncle's roots are visible in the inventive curses of the undergrowth: "garrison rat", "old grunt".

Teachers and servants are characterized by signs of those classes and social strata to which they belong.

In Eremeevna's speech, we hear a desire to please and constant excuses. Teacher Tsyfirkin is a retired sergeant, his speech shows belonging to the military. His greeting sounds bravo: “We wish your honor to be well…”. In the words of farewell, he is also true to himself: “Where are we going, your honor?” Tsyfirkin even swears, using military vocabulary: he is ready to give his ear to be cut off, if only “to school the parasite like a soldier!”

Kuteikin, another teacher, is a sexton from Pokrov. In his speech, one feels belonging to church ministers. In his greeting we hear the traditional wish: “Peace and many years to the Lord’s house…”. His farewell is rather prim: “Will you order us back home?” Even in swearing, Kuteikin uses obsolete church words: “vyya”, which are adjacent to the colloquial: “to beat”.

The speech of these characters is emotionally colored, very colorful. The speech composition of positive characters is more schematic. The speech of these characters is unemotional, it does not contain colloquial and colloquial phrases. Positive characters are characterized by book speech, the language of educated people. Here the meaning of what has been said can be understood from the meaning of the words. The meaning of the speech of the rest of the characters can be caught in its dynamics.

So, we practically cannot distinguish Milon's speech from Pravdin's speech. We cannot characterize the characters by their speech. We just know that, for example, Sophia is an educated, well-behaved young lady who is sensitive to the advice and instructions of her uncle. Starodum's speech traces the moral program promoted by the author: rules, moral laws, principles that must be followed. All Starodum's monologues are built according to a certain scheme: first, Starodum tells a story from his life, and then pronounces a moral. Such is the conversation between Starodum and Truthful. But the uncle's conversation with his niece is a set of rules, after studying which "the word will be embedded in the heart."

After analyzing the speech of the heroes of Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth", we can conclude that the speech of negative characters characterizes them, while the speech of positive characters is a means of expressing the author's thoughts.

Speech characteristics of the heroes of the comedy "Undergrowth"

The first thing that the modern reader of the comedy "Undergrowth" pays attention to is the names of the characters. “Speaking” surnames immediately establish the attitude of the reader (spectator) to their owners. He ceases to be a more or less objective witness of the action being played out, he psychologically already becomes a participant in it. He was deprived of the opportunity to evaluate the heroes and their actions. From the very beginning, from the names of the characters, the reader was told where the negative characters are and where the positive ones are. And the role of the reader is to see and remember the ideal to which one must strive.

The actors can be divided into three groups: negative (Prostakovs, Mitrofan, Skotinin), positive (Pravdin, Milon, Sophia, Starodum), the third group includes all other characters - these are mainly servants and teachers. Negative characters and their servants are inherent in the common colloquial language. The vocabulary of the Skotinins consists mainly of words used in the barnyard. This is well shown by the speech of Skotinin - Uncle Mitrofan. She is full of words: pig, piglets, pigsty. The idea of ​​life also begins and ends with the barnyard. He compares his life with the life of his pigs. For example: “I also want to have my own piglets”, “if I have ... a special barn for each pig, then I will find a litter box for my wife.” And he is proud of this: “Well, be I a pig's son, if ...” The vocabulary of his sister, Mrs. Prostakova, is a little more diverse due to the fact that her husband is “countless fool” and she has to do everything herself. But the roots of Skotininsky are also manifested in her speech. Favorite curse word is "cattle". To show that Prostakova is not far behind her brother in development, Fonvizin sometimes denies her elementary logic. For example, such phrases: “Since we took away everything that the peasants had, we can’t tear anything off,” “So is it really necessary to be like a tailor in order to be able to sew a caftan well?” And, drawing conclusions from what has been said, Prostakova finishes the phrase: “What a bestial reasoning.”

Regarding her husband, one can only say that he is laconic and does not open his mouth without instructions from his wife. But this is what characterizes him as a “countless fool”, a weak-willed husband who fell under the heel of his wife. Mitrofanushka is also laconic, though, unlike his father, he has freedom of speech. Skotininsky roots are manifested in his ingenuity of curses: “old grunt”, “garrison rat”.

Servants and teachers have in their speech the characteristic features of the estates and parts of society to which they belong. Eremeevna's speech is constant excuses and desires to please. Teachers: Tsyfirkin is a retired sergeant, Kuteikin is a sexton from Pokrov. And by their speech they show belonging: one - to the military, the other - to the church ministers.

Hello:

Kuteikin: “To the house of the lord peace and many years from the children and household.”

Tsyfirkin: “We wish your honor a hundred years of health, yes twenty ...”

Say goodbye:

Kuteikin: “Would you like us to go home?”

Tsyfirkin: “Where are we going, your honor?”

They swear:

Kuteikin: “At least now with whispers, if only I’ll be beaten by a sinner!”

Tsyfirkin: “I would give myself an ear to take away, if only to school this parasite like a soldier! .. What a beast!”

All the characters, except for the positive ones, have a very colorful, emotionally colored speech. You may not understand the meaning of the words, but the meaning of what is said is always clear.

For example:

• - I'll get you
• - I have my own holds are sharp

The speech of positive characters does not differ in such brightness. All four have no colloquial, colloquial phrases in their speech. This is bookish speech, the speech of educated people of that time, which practically does not express emotions. You understand the meaning of what has been said from the immediate meaning of the words. For the rest of the characters, the meaning can be caught in the very dynamics of speech.

It is almost impossible to distinguish Milon's speech from Pravdin's speech. It is also very difficult to say anything about Sophia from her speech. An educated, well-behaved young lady, as Starodum would call her, sensitive to the advice and instructions of her beloved uncle. Starodum’s speech is completely determined by the fact that the author put his moral program into the mouth of this hero: rules, principles, moral laws, according to which a “pious person” must live. Starodum's monologues are structured in this way: Starodum first tells a story from his life, and then deduces a moral. Such, for example, is the conversation between Starodum and Pravdivy. And the conversation between Starodum and Sophia is a set of rules, and "... every word will be embedded in the heart."

As a result, it turns out that the speech of the negative character characterizes him, and the speech of the positive character is used by the author to express his thoughts. The person is depicted in volume, the ideal - in the plane.

As was customary in classicism, the heroes of the comedy "Undergrowth" are clearly divided into negative and positive. However, the most memorable, vivid are still negative characters, despite their despotism and ignorance: Mrs. Prostakova, her brother Taras Skotinin and Mitrofan himself. They are interesting and ambiguous. It is with them that comic situations are associated, full of humor, bright liveliness of dialogues.

Positive characters do not evoke such vivid emotions, although they are reasoners, reflecting the author's position. Educated, endowed with only positive traits, they are ideal - they cannot do lawlessness, they are alien to lies and cruelty.

Heroes are negative

Mrs. Prostakova

History of upbringing and education Grew up in a family characterized by extreme ignorance. Didn't get any education. I did not learn any moral rules from childhood. There is nothing good in her soul. Serfdom has a strong influence: her position as the sovereign owner of the serfs.

Main character traits Rough, unbridled, ignorant. If it does not meet resistance, it becomes arrogant. But if she encounters force, she becomes cowardly.

Attitude towards other people In relation to people, she is guided by rough calculation, personal gain. Merciless to those who are in her power. She is ready to humiliate herself in front of those on whom she depends, who turns out to be stronger than her.

Attitude towards educationEducation is superfluous: "Without the sciences, people live and lived."

Prostakova, as a landowner, a convinced serf-owner, considers the serfs to be her complete property. Always dissatisfied with her serfs. She is outraged even by the illness of a serf girl. She robbed the peasants: “Since we took away everything that the peasants had, we can’t tear anything off. Such a disaster!

Attitude towards relatives and close people Despotic and rude towards her husband, she pushes him around, does not put him in anything.

Attitude towards his son, Mitrofanushka Loves him, is tender to him. Caring for his happiness and well-being is the content of her life. Blind, unreasonable, ugly love for his son brings neither Mitrofan nor Prostakova herself anything good.

Peculiarities of speechAbout Trishka: "Swindler, thief, cattle, thieves' mug, blockhead"; turning to her husband: “Why are you so delusional today, my father?”, “All your life, sir, you walk with your ears hanging out”; addressing Mitrofanushka: “Mitrofanushka, my friend; my friend of the heart; son".

She has no moral concepts: she lacks a sense of duty, philanthropy, a sense of human dignity.

Mitrofan

(translated from Greek "revealing his mother")

About upbringing and education I am accustomed to idleness, accustomed to hearty and plentiful food, spends free time on the dovecote.

The main character traits A spoiled "sissy", who grew up and developed in an ignorant environment of the feudal landed nobility. He is not devoid of cunning and ingenuity by nature, but at the same time rude and capricious.

Attitude towards other people Does not respect other people. Yeremeevna (nanny) calls her an “old bastard”, threatens her with severe reprisals; he does not talk to teachers, but “barks” (as Tsyfirkin puts it).

Attitude towards education Mental development is extremely low, experiencing an insurmountable aversion to work and learning.

Attitude towards relatives close peopleMitrofan does not know love for anyone, even for the closest - to his mother, father, nanny.

Speech features It is expressed in monosyllables, in its language there are many vernaculars, words and phrases borrowed from courtyards. The tone of his speech is capricious, dismissive, sometimes rude.

The name Mitrofanushka has become a household name. This is the name of young people who know nothing and do not want to know anything.

Skotinin - brother of Prostakova

On upbringing and education Grew up in a family that was extremely hostile to education: "Don't be that Skotinin, who wants to learn something."

Main character traits Ignorant, mentally undeveloped, greedy.

Attitude towards other people This is a ferocious feudal lord who knows how to “rip off” quitrent from his serfs, and there are no obstacles for him in this occupation.

The main interest in life is Animal Farm, breeding pigs. Only pigs evoke in him a disposition and warm feelings, only to them he shows warmth and care.

Attitude towards relatives and close people For the sake of the opportunity to marry profitably (he learns about Sophia's condition), he is ready to destroy his rival - his own nephew Mitrofan.

Peculiarities of speech The inexpressive speech of an uneducated person often uses rude expressions, in speech there are words borrowed from courtyards.

This is a typical representative of small landowners-feudal lords with all their shortcomings.

Teacher of Russian and Church Slavonic. The half-educated seminarian "feared the abyss of wisdom." In his own way, cunning, greedy.

History teacher. German, former coachman. He becomes a teacher, as he failed to find a place as a coachman. An ignorant person who cannot teach his student anything.

The teachers make no effort to teach Mitrofan anything. They more often indulge the laziness of their student. To some extent, they, using the ignorance and lack of education of Mrs. Prostakova, deceive her, realizing that she will not be able to verify the results of their work.

Eremeevna - Mitrofan's nanny

What place does she occupy in the house of Prostakov, her distinctive features She has been serving in the house of the Prostakov-Skotinins for more than 40 years. Selflessly devoted to her masters, slavishly attached to their home.

Attitude towards Mitrofan Protects Mitrofan without sparing himself: “I will die on the spot, but I will not give the child away. Sunsya, sir, just show yourself if you please. I'll scratch those walleyes."

What Eremeevna has become over the long years of serf service. She has a highly developed sense of duty, but no sense of human dignity. There is not only no hatred for their inhuman oppressors, but even no protest. Lives in constant fear, trembles before his mistress.

For her loyalty and devotion, Yeremeevna receives only beatings and hears only such appeals as “a beast”, “a dog's daughter”, “an old witch”, “an old bastard”. Eremeevna's fate is tragic, because she will never be appreciated by her masters, she will never receive gratitude for her loyalty.

Heroes are positive

Starodum

About the meaning of the name A person who thinks in the old way, giving preference to the priorities of the previous (Peter's) era, preserving traditions and wisdom, accumulated experience.

Education StarodumAn ​​enlightened and progressive person. Brought up in the spirit of Peter's time, the thoughts, customs and activities of the people of that time are closer and more acceptable to him.

The hero's civic position This is a patriot: for him, an honest and useful service to the Fatherland is the first and sacred duty of a nobleman. Demands to limit the arbitrariness of the feudal landowners: "It is illegal to oppress your own kind by slavery."

Attitude towards other people He regards a person according to his service to the Fatherland, according to the benefits that a person brings in this service: “I calculate the degree of nobility by the number of deeds that the great lord did for the Fatherland ... without noble deeds, a noble state is nothing.”

What qualities are honored as human virtues An ardent defender of humanity and enlightenment.

The hero's reflections on education Moral education attaches more value than education: “The mind, if it is only the mind, is the most trifle ... Good manners gives the direct price to the mind. Without it, a smart person is a monster. Science in a depraved person is a fierce weapon to do evil.

What traits in people cause the hero’s just indignation Inertia, savagery, malevolence, inhumanity.

"Having a heart, have a soul - and you will be a man at all times."

Pravdin, Milon, Sofia

Pravdin An honest, impeccable official. The auditor, endowed with the right to take custody of the cruel landlords of the estate.

Milon An officer loyal to his duty, patriotically disposed.

Sofia An educated, modest, prudent girl. Raised in a spirit of respect and respect for elders.

The purpose of these heroes in the comedy, on the one hand, is to prove the correctness of the views of Starodum, and on the other hand, to set off the malevolence and lack of education of such landowners as the Prostakovs-Skotinins.