What do bubbles in puddles mean when it rains? How to photograph in rainy weather and how to shoot in the rain If it rains

Insufficient visibility is understood as a temporary situation caused by weather or other phenomena (fog, rain, snowfall, blizzard, twilight, smoke, dust, water and mud splashes, blinding sun), when the distance at which the object in question can be distinguished from the background is less than 300 meters .

These weather conditions have a significant impact on road safety.

During the rain

The main danger when driving in the rain is the deterioration of the adhesion of the wheels to the road. The coefficient of adhesion on wet roads decreases by 1.5–2 times, which worsens the stability of the car, and most importantly, the braking distance increases sharply. Particularly dangerous are asphalt roads covered with mud or wet fallen leaves, when the grip of the tires with the road is further reduced.

The rain that has just begun is dangerous, which makes the road surface very slippery, since dust, the smallest particles of tires, particles of soot and oil from the exhaust pipes of cars are wetted and spread along the road, creating a very slippery, like soap, film on it. At the beginning of rain, you need to be especially careful, be sure to slow down, avoid overtaking, sharp steering wheel rotation and sudden braking. As the rain intensifies and continues, the muddy film is washed away by the rain, and with continued rain, the traction coefficient increases again. Concrete and asphalt pavements with a specially treated rough surface, washed out by rain, have a coefficient of adhesion close to that of a dry pavement.

After the rain stops, as the mud dries, it first turns into a dirty slippery film, and the coefficient of adhesion also decreases. Again, be careful before the road dries up. The dirt turns to dust and the friction coefficient is restored.

The dependence of the road adhesion coefficient on the duration of rain is shown in fig. one

Figure 1. Dependence of the coefficient of adhesion with the road on the duration of rain:

• time t0 - t1 - beginning of rain;
• time t1 - t2 - rain duration;
• time t2 - t3 - drying time of the road.

When driving at high speed on a wet road, passenger cars observe the formation of a water wedge between the tires and the road - hydroslip or the so-called hydroplaning. When driving on wet roads at low speed, the wheels force moisture into the grooves of the tire tread pattern and squeeze it out through the roughness of the road surface, the tires touch the drier road surface. If you are driving behind a car in the rain, you will see a dry track from the wheels right behind the car. At a high speed and a large amount of water on the road, the wheels do not have time to squeeze out moisture, and then water remains under them, the wheels float above the road surface. A sign of the appearance of a water wedge is a sudden ease in steering the steering wheel. Shallow tread depth, less than the above, low air pressure in tires and a smooth road surface of an asphalt road contribute to the occurrence of hydroplaning even at low speeds, since the wheel does not have time to squeeze water out from under it.

To combat this phenomenon, you can only reduce the speed. In this situation, engine braking should be applied, i.e., gradually reduce the pressure on the gas pedal. At the same time, you should try not to use the service brakes, as water reduces their effectiveness.

Splashes of dirty water and liquid mud from under the wheels of oncoming and overtaking vehicles can instantly flood the windshield, and for some time you will not see anything ahead. Do not get lost in this situation and, most importantly, do not brake sharply, immediately turn on the washer and wiper with a high frequency of movement. Do not turn the steering wheel and gradually reduce the pressure on the gas pedal. After a few seconds, visibility will be restored.

It must be taken into account that when you drive through puddles at high speed, the following troubles are possible:

• sprinkle mud and even pour water from head to toe on pedestrians;
• water from under the wheels of your car will fall on the front glass and reduce visibility;
• water will also enter the engine compartment, and even a few drops of water on the ignition coil, distributor or wires can turn off the engine;
• water entering the air intake can lead to engine damage;
• there can be various dangers under water: holes, stones, etc.;
• the brake pads will get wet and the brakes may fail.
• if the wheels on one side of the car fall into a puddle, then the car may skid, since the amount of adhesion of the tires to the road from different sides will be different.

Rain changes the appearance of the road surface. Light and dull when dry, the asphalt pavement becomes dark and shiny, and it is very difficult to notice a dark obstacle on such a road. Moving in these conditions, even if there are no obstacles, is tiring. The driver has the impression that he is rushing into a dark abyss, crossed by sparkles of raindrops sparkling in the headlights.

On wet road surfaces, white road markings become almost invisible during the day and completely invisible at night. It is the responsibility of the driver to be so careful in the rain as to make up for poor visibility, and to drive the car smoothly, without a sharp change in direction, choose a speed appropriate to visibility, you can also turn on the front and rear fog lights, raise the side window to the stop.

In fog

Driving in fog requires even more experience than driving in the rain. Sometimes the fog is so heavy and creates such great danger that it is necessary to cut short the trip and wait patiently for a change in the weather. Fog creates dangerous road conditions. Dozens of cars are involved in an accident during fog, a large number of people die and are injured.

Fog greatly reduces the visibility zone, contributes to optical illusion, and makes it difficult to navigate. It distorts the perception of the speed of vehicles and the distance to objects. It seems to you that the object is far away (for example, the headlights of an oncoming car), but in fact it is close. The speed of the car seems small to you, but in fact it is moving fast. Fog distorts the color of an object other than red. Therefore, the traffic signal is red so that it can be clearly seen in any weather, so red cars are considered less dangerous.

Fog affects the human psyche: poor visibility, constant tension, the sudden appearance of another vehicle from the fog, which seemed to be far away, cause severe nervous tension in the driver. He is nervous and makes incorrect driving actions. The eyes tire quickly and reduce the driver's ability to respond to changes in the traffic situation. Headlights do not illuminate the road at all, their light only crashes into the fog with bright blinding beams. In the fog, you can make a mistake in choosing the road, the landmarks are covered with fog, the intersections are not visible.

In the fog follows:

• reduce the speed of movement, it should not exceed half the visibility distance in meters. So, with a visibility of 20 m, it should be no more than 10 km / h;
• be prepared to stop within that line of sight of the road;
• you should drive with the dipped headlights, which illuminates the road better than the distant one;
• when driving with high beams, pass with oncoming traffic without switching to low beam, since blinding in the fog is excluded;
• if there are fog lights, in heavy fog, turn them on together with the dipped beam. They have a low and wide beam of yellow light that penetrates fog better than the white light of conventional headlights;
• if the visibility of the road is less than 50 m, they can turn on independently;
• turn on the rear fog lights in conjunction with the parking lights;
• turn on the windshield wipers;
• when the windows fog up, turn on the interior heating and ventilation system, as well as the rear window electric heater;
• in very heavy fog, you can try to see the road in front of the car by sticking your head out the door window;
• periodically you need to check your speed on the speedometer;
• to improve visibility in fog, lean over the steering wheel and bring your eyes closer to the front window. This position is very tiring, but periodically it must be used;
• in the presence of markings, take a central position between the marking lines separating the lanes;
• You can also navigate the road along the sidewalk, the roadside, and especially along the solid white marking line that marks the edge of the carriageway;
• it is better to keep the driver's door window open and listen to the noise of other vehicles;
• periodically use a sound signal, especially on a country road.

In the fog you should not:

• approaching too close to the vehicle ahead;
• use the rear lights of the front car as a guide, you will have a false idea of ​​the distance and its speed;
• look in one place in front of the car - the eyes will quickly get tired, they will water and vision will weaken;
• park the car on the road;
• move too close to the center line, and you can create a dangerous situation;
• trying to get past a strip of fog in a valley on the road. It is in this area that objects and people can be hidden by fog;
• trying to overtake the vehicle in front is risky and dangerous.

It's not so much the fog that threatens traffic safety, but the way you drive in the fog.

blinding sun

The summer sun shining into the eyes tires the eyesight and reduces the concentration of attention, reduces visibility. In the evening, morning and winter, when the sun is low on the horizon, the light falls almost parallel to the road, the load on the eyes increases significantly. Moving against the sun is not only difficult, but sometimes dangerous. The road is very shiny, reflecting the rays of the sun, and the vehicles appear to be contrastingly black. Silhouettes of people are lost on the road in the glare of the sun's disk, as the pupils of our eyes constrict, limiting the amount of light transmitted into the eyes. Due to this, the visibility of objects in the shadow worsens.

If the road periodically passes through the shadow cast by roadside objects, then at the moment of entering the shadow, the driver experiences a sudden decrease in visibility. This is due to the fact that the pupils of our eyes require a certain amount of time to adjust to a sudden change in light intensity.

Driving a car when driving against low sun, both in full light and in dark areas, requires a significant increase in attention. In addition, when driving against the sun, the colors of traffic lights, brake lights and direction indicators of vehicles noticeably pale. As a result, they do not attract your attention as they should. And this affects security.

With the sun shining from behind, it is even more difficult to distinguish traffic signals, and all the rear lights of the vehicle shine with reflected light from the sun and do not tell which light is on and which is not. In this case, you need to move so that the shadow from your car falls on the vehicle in front. Then it will be much easier for you to observe his rear lights.

The low sun shining from the side is easier for the driver, although it also causes trouble, forming strong contrasts of shadows on the roadway.

In all these cases, you need to use a sun visor that restores the visibility of the road. However, it is not recommended to use dark glasses, as they limit the brightness of illuminated sections of the road and at the same time reduce the visibility of places and objects that are in the shade and therefore not noticeable enough.

Other weather events.

The road becomes especially dangerous during the first snowfall(photo 1), when compacted snow and the first ice appear on the roadway. At this time, the number of collisions with pedestrians increases sharply, because drivers and pedestrians have not yet had time to adapt to the changed traffic conditions.

Photo 1. Snowfall.

Due to the reagents used, a mud mess is formed on the roads, flying from under the wheels of the cars in front directly onto the windshields of those driving behind. The result is a sharp deterioration in visibility. Constantly on windshield wipers and a huge consumption of windshield washer fluid do not help much.

Visibility is deteriorating, the number of accidents is growing. And this is true for all cars without exception.

IN dusk and in the dark, visibility deteriorates significantly. Visibility on the road plays an important role, since more than 90% of the information necessary for traffic safety, a person receives through vision. Human eyes are designed in such a way that they need time to get used to the darkness. Still, night vision is much worse than daytime. In poor lighting, at dusk, drivers do not distinguish very well what is happening on the road, moreover, their eyes do not distinguish colors well. For example, red appears dark and even black. Green looks lighter than red. When approaching a traffic light, its signals appear white at first, and only later do we begin to distinguish colors. First of all, it becomes green, then yellow and red.

The worst thing is to drive in semi-darkness, when it just starts to dawn or get dark. It is difficult to see obstacles on the highway. At dusk, when long shadows make it difficult to distinguish between individual objects, a distant light will help, although it does not seem intense enough. It will not be enough to completely illuminate the highway, but it will allow you to notice an obstacle that suddenly appeared in front of the car.

The reaction time of the driver to an obstacle that occurs on the road in low visibility conditions increases by an average of 0.6 ... 0.7 s or more, which is explained by the need to spend time on recognizing this obstacle.

At night, at least the headlights help to see, but at dusk the headlights illuminate the road very poorly. At this time, nothing helps except slow down and increase alertness.

Folk signs and beliefs often help people predict the weather. Such predictions have been formed and tested for centuries and therefore they can be trusted. One of these predictions is the sign of bubbles in puddles during. This belief belongs to the category of weather, and can be useful both for gardeners and summer residents, and for those who like to spend time in nature and want to know in advance how long the bad weather will last.

Folk signs about bubbles in puddles

Many people argue whether the formation of bubbles in puddles indicates prolonged rain, or vice versa, this means that the bad weather will end soon. According to, the rain with bubbles will be protracted, and in extreme cases it may even last more than one day.

Our ancestors knew that the formation of such a phenomenon as a bubble promises only prolonged bad weather and were absolutely right, because its formation requires a certain atmospheric pressure, which happens when rain clouds do not think to dissolve. And this means that precipitation will fall for a long time. Atmospheric pressure, which regulates the movement of warm and cold air fronts, and explains how long a storm will last. If two extended and slow-moving fronts collided, it will not be possible to wait for the sun and heat soon.

So the sign about bubbles in puddles has a scientific justification, and not even one. In addition to atmospheric pressure, for the formation of a bubble, it is necessary that the raindrop be large enough. Only in this case, it will be able to break through the surface tension of water. Large drops, as a rule, occur during showers and thunderstorms, and this in itself indicates that bad weather can drag on. Although, there are exceptions to this rule, for example, in the southern regions, bad weather often begins suddenly and ends quickly.

After a large, direct rain, increased growth of mushrooms begins.- such rain is called mushroom.

Get wet in the spring rain- Climbing up the corporate ladder.

Get wet in the autumn rain- the fall of your inner mood. In other words, the onset of a strong depressive state that can ruin everything in the world.

If you get wet under the summer "mushroom" rain- this is fortunately. Most likely, in the near future you will have fun to tears.

Rain-stained clothes- a sign that someone will discuss you very seriously.

Rain in half with the sun- to a drowned man or on this day a righteous person died.

Big bubbles in the puddles during the rain- to bad weather, more rain.

In times of drought to bring rain- it is necessary for a woman to sprinkle herself and people passing by the wells with well water.

If a rainbow shines in the sky during a summer rain- the rain will end quickly.

If the rain wets the coffin- the soul of the deceased will depart without difficulty.

If it rains on the day of Saint Suetonius- it will pour for another 40 days.

Before the sun came up, there were clouds- be on this day rain.

Rain during the wedding- a very good sign: the joint life of the young will not only be long, but also happy and rich.

If the rain wets the wedding procession on the way to or from the church- not to see a young family of happiness.

If it started to rain during someone's funeral- this means that peace awaits the dead in the next world.

If it rains and the sun shines at the same time- someone must drown.

Milk in a vessel left on the windowsill begins to foam- you can expect heavy rain.

If it started to rain and there are small bubbles in the puddles- this portends its imminent end. On the contrary, if the bubbles are large- It will rain for a long time.

Beginning fog- a harbinger of bad weather, rain. Aching hands or feet in people warn of the same.

Rainy, wet summer- to a frosty and snowy winter.

There is no dew on the plants on a summer morning- a sign that portends a cloudy and rainy day.

If on a summer day objects located in the distance are poorly visible, blurry, as if through a haze- It's going to rain soon.

The morning song of the rooster that rang out before the appointed hour- informs about the upcoming rain. The ringing of the bell, which sounds not entirely clear, testifies to the same.

If it rains on the Annunciation- it means that the harvest of rye promises to be rich; if there is a thunderstorm, the nuts will be good, and the summer will be warm.

The first two days of June "to the accompaniment" of heavy rain- they promise a dry month.

On the morning of June 24, the aroma of grass is stronger than usual- during the day with a high degree of probability you can expect rain. This is also evidenced by the water, if on June 24 it is as clean as ever.

It's raining on Ilyin's day- this is the herald of a rich harvest of bread.

A man got caught in the pouring rain - he is waiting for a wardrobe update.

Seeing rain in a dream - to tears.

If the rain is rare, then this portends trouble. The troubles are not very big, but they will make you worry and cause tears.

If the drops are cloudy, fall slowly, then the soul will be hard from betrayal, betrayal. When drops fall on the sand, this indicates that a loved one has been cheating for a long time. If water accumulates on the sand, then the deception will soon be revealed to you. If drops fall into the water (into a stream, river), then there will be a serious quarrel with a loved one, which can lead to a complete break in relationships. If at the same time the water in the river or stream is very muddy, moves quickly, carries various garbage, then rumors, gossip, and slander will accompany treason. If there are stones in a river or stream, then this indicates a separation from a loved one or (for married people) a divorce.

To see the rain is even and strong, which falls on the ground evenly - you should expect big trouble. These are failures at work, and troubles in personal life.

If in a dream the rain falls suddenly and abruptly, this indicates a loss. You can lose a profitable offer, plans will not be realized. It can also be the loss of some expensive thing.

If you feel rain in a dream, then misfortune will happen to someone close to you. If you feel that drops are flowing down your face and hands, in reality - cry about someone close to you. If you see that the raindrops are dark, then this indicates a serious illness that will end in death. If the drops are light, then the disease will be long and severe, but the person will recover.

If in a dream you get caught in the rain and feel that the drops are dry or rough, then this is an experience about someone from home; if the touch of rain is not felt, misfortune will happen to one of the relatives. If it is felt that the drops are wet, then there will be tears due to unhappy love.

If in a dream you got caught in the rain and got wet to the skin, then you will have very big problems that will be difficult to solve on your own without resorting to someone else's help.

If you watch the rain from the house, then the worries from the coming troubles will not be able to capture you entirely. If you hide from the rain or protect yourself from it with an umbrella, then you will be able to avoid an unfavorable state of affairs, an unpleasant situation will be short-lived. If in a dream, getting caught in the rain, you managed to hide under a tree, then one of your friends will come to your aid. In the event that you hid from the rain in the house, this indicates that you are deliberately closing your eyes to the current state of affairs, and the situation is becoming more and more tense and may get out of control.

If an old house shelters you from rain in a dream, then you will only postpone the time of troubles, but in the future this will lead to an aggravation of the conflict, to a worsening of the situation.

By the way, the famous poet Johann Wolfgang Goethe always believed in predictions, dreams, miracles. One day he was walking with his friend Kurt, and they were caught in heavy rain. Through the veil of rain, Goethe suddenly saw his friend Friederik, who was standing on the road in a dressing gown, cap and slippers. Goethe was very surprised and exclaimed: “What are you doing here? On the road? In this form? .. ”But since his companion Kurt did not see anything, Goethe thought that he had dreamed it all. Imagine his surprise when, returning home, he found Frederick there, who was dressed in a dressing gown, cap and shoes. It turns out that on the way to Goethe he got very wet and, having come to him, changed into his master's dressing gown. While waiting for Goethe, he sat down in an armchair and imperceptibly fell asleep. In a dream, he saw that, as if during heavy rain, he was walking along the road, he met Goethe, he looked very surprised and he exclaimed: “What are you doing here?” The famous poet could not explain both Fryderyk's dream and his vision, but left a note about this in his biography.

Interpretation of dreams from Dream Interpretation for Women

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Signs about rain occupied an important place in the life of our ancestors, since so many aspects of pastime were associated with the weather.

In the article:

What signs about rain relate to the weather

By the size of the bubbles in the puddles, you can find out how heavy and how long the rain will be. The bigger the bubbles, the longer and stronger it will be.

If the rain started on a summer morning, the sun will come out in the afternoon, it will go in the afternoon - the precipitation will be long. The downpour, which began with large drops, will not last long. If you are, then the sun will come out soon. Morning double or triple arc - to a long rain.

Shortly before rain, it is difficult to open wooden window frames and doors. Earthworms crawl to the surface, chickens and other birds bathe in sand and road dust, and roosters can squawk for no apparent reason. Cows sniff the air, often raising their heads up, and horses shake their heads and throw them sharply.

If frogs croak loudly during the day, this is a sign of precipitation. They also interpret the sign of screaming seagulls gathering on the shore. Swallows before a downpour fly below. Crows are usually noisy in the cold season, but if this happens in the middle of summer, it will soon rain. Before such weather, insects try to hide, and midges begin to annoy people more.

If you are in nature and do not have the opportunity to read the weather forecast, take a closer look at the world around you. Before the rain, dandelions and bindweeds close, the scent of wild flowers intensifies, and burdock spreads the hooks on the cones. If there is no wind, and the smoke of a fire nails to the ground, this is to precipitation.

What other signs speak of bad weather? Fog rising from a reservoir to clouds - to rain. Bright stars at night and heavy clouds in the morning portend a thunderstorm at lunchtime. The crimson sky after sunset and the red color of the sun - for bad weather. Pink clouds during sunrise also portend rain. Before precipitation there is no dew in the morning.

Determine the probability of rain and the moon. If during the full moon it is cloudy and does not shine brightly, it is. The red moon, which seems to have increased in size, also promises rainy weather.

Signs about rain on a holiday

If you are caught in the rain on the Annunciation, pay attention to those who need your help and support, as well as to children - something may have gone wrong. Rain on Easter promises good luck in business. True, you have to fall under it by accident.

If you get wet on Ascension, make a wish related to the spiritual life and it will come true. There is an opinion that it is not necessary to fall under a downpour for this, you can make a wish at home. Getting caught in the rain on Ivan Kupala before lunch means getting healing, getting rid of problems and good luck.

It is especially worth paying attention to the precipitation on the day of the wedding. If the bride and groom get wet near the registry office, on the way to it or from there, this is leading to good and good family life. Most likely, the couple will have many children. It is bad when bad weather caught immediately before the wedding or after. Read more about the meaning of rain for a wedding in other articles on our site.

Popular signs about the benefits of rainwater

In the old days, it was believed that water from heaven has special properties. Babies were bathed in it, because they believed that they would start talking ahead of time, develop well and be in good health.

During the first thunderstorm of the year, you need to wash yourself with water from the sky to strengthen your health. If you wet your hair, it will grow better and look beautiful.

Get your money wet in the rain to protect it from loss and theft.

In the old days, water from heaven was collected and stored for the preparation of healing decoctions from herbs. They returned youth and beauty, helped girls become more attractive. You can follow the advice of our ancestors and prepare herbal infusions. Washing them, you will definitely notice the result. Such water treated warts, relieved headaches, removed eye diseases.

Rainwater collected on Ilyin's Day (August 2) helps in spoilage and other types of negative magical effects. Voznesenskaya also has healing properties. Water should be collected in a clean vessel directly from the sky, dripping from trees and roofs is not suitable.

Other signs about rain

Bad weather on the day of the funeral is a good sign. The soul of the deceased reached heaven and found its place in the afterlife. Some believe that precipitation is nature's cry for the death of a good man.

Get wet - . It's good when it rains on the road. But do not cancel your plans due to bad weather, most likely you will be very lucky on this day. If the precipitation was taken by surprise, and the umbrella was left at home, do not be discouraged, they will bring good luck. Some people think that this is for new things.

The sun during a downpour - to the drowned man. Rain in a dream - to the harvest. For business people or those who do not have their own garden, such a dream portends financial losses.

Signs associated with precipitation used to have a purely practical meaning, so you should listen to them.