What is ablution among Muslims? Sex and ritual purity (ablution). Procedure for performing tayammum

News from Islamic countries

20.04.2014

Today the world and especially Muslims are going through a dramatic period. One can often observe a distorted understanding of Islam among Muslims themselves, to the point that some people who consider themselves to be Islam, either with a broken psyche or with an “abnormal” vision of the world, try to find justification in certain statements, phrases, or terms taken out of the general spirit and the context of religious teaching, pseudo-compensation for one’s actions that are contrary to both morality and legality and right.

The narrow-mindedness of some Muslims and sexist interpretations of religious sources can lead to the most unexpected and inadequate conclusions that can be found in recent times. For example, this concerns the age of marriage of Aisha and, accordingly, the age of marriage of Muslim girls.
In the past, information about the supposedly very young age of Aisha’s marriage spread among some authoritative Muslim scholars, which both “literalists” among Muslims (literally understanding and mechanistically interpreting the sources of Islam) and modern Orientalists and Islamophobes did not fail to take advantage of. We are talking about several hadiths, the information conveyed in which requires more careful analysis and interpretation.
It must be emphasized that “literalism,” a mechanistic understanding and interpretation of the sources of Islam, is one of the greatest dangers for Islam today.

This article is addressed primarily to Muslims so that they correctly set priorities (primarily spiritual and intellectual growth, focus on spirituality and moral exaltation) and do not succumb (in the most literal sense) to the temptation to interpret the sources of Islam in order to satisfy of your lust, voluptuousness. For people who have different views, the article explains with this example that Islam... never, under any circumstances, gives the right... to commit any acts contrary to morality, immoral and illegal.

It is important to start with the fact that in the society where the Prophet Muhammad and Aisha were born and raised, special significance was not attached to the year or month of birth of the child, which does not allow us to accurately determine Aisha’s age. However, in recent years, due to inadequate interpretations by some Muslims and attacks by Islamophobes, Islamic scholars have been forced to double-check this information by studying the many reliable sources that scholars of past centuries have previously used for centuries. According to these data, Aisha married the Prophet Muhammad when she was between 17 and 19 years old (for example, interesting research by Rashid Haylamaz, Resid Haylamaz).
Let us present several facts that prove Aisha’s older age of marriage. As Ibn Hisham reports, among the inhabitants of Mecca who were the first to accept Islam, along with the name of Aisha’s elder sister Asma, the name of Aisha herself is also transmitted. What is noteworthy is that Aisha’s name appears in the lists immediately after the “most important” Muslims, such as Osman ibn Affan, Zubair, Talha, and ahead of the names Abdullah ibn Masud, Jaffar ib Abu Talib, Ammar ibn Yasir. This gives reason to assert that Aisha, although she was a child, was aware of her actions, i.e. she was at least six or seven years old. As you know, the prophetic mission began in 610, which means the year of Aisha’s birth is approximately 604 or 605. Therefore, Aisha's marriage age must be either 18 or 19, since she married the Prophet either in the 1st year or the 2nd year of AH (in 622 or 623).

Secondly, the age difference between Aisha and her brother Abdur-Rahman was approximately 1-2 years (among Islamic scholars this is considered reliable information, since their father was Abu Bakr-Siddiq, the closest friend and companion of the Prophet Muhammad). As is known, Abdur-Rahman accepted Islam only after the conclusion of the Hudaibiya truce, i.e. in 628, in the 6th year of the Hijri. During the Battle of Badr (624, 2nd year AH), when he fought on the side of the Meccan idolaters and tried in every possible way to avoid meeting his father Abu Bakr, he was already 20 years old (which is also recorded in the chronicles). Therefore, the year of birth of Abdur-Rahman is approximately 603 or 604 (i.e., 18 years BC), and the year of birth of Aisha should be approximately 605. In this case, Aisha's age of marriage must be either 17 or 18, for she married the Prophet either in the 622nd or 623rd year.

But, what seems more important, Aisha’s adulthood and quite mature age of marriage can be understood logically if one knows the general context and spirit of the teachings of Islam. For example, this can be argued by the fact that in Islam one of the conditions for the validity of a marriage (nikah) is the consent of the bride. Since marriage (nikah) is one of the types of contract (‘aqd), where minors cannot be parties and their expressions of will cannot be binding. This indicates that Aisha was of legal age at the time of marriage, otherwise it would have been considered invalid according to the Qur'an. How could the founder of this value system, the Prophet Muhammad, have violated all this from the very beginning?! By the way, the prophet himself contributed to the dissolution of marriages in cases where brides were married against their will. There are reliable hadiths to confirm this.

As modern researchers emphasize, such words of Aisha as “I was six or seven years old when they got married”, “I was nine years old when I got married”, which are “literally” conveyed in certain hadiths, should be understood as “I looked like "child." That is, according to them, it was more about Aisha's build and her youthfulness rather than about age itself. These kinds of statements and comparisons (in relation to those much older in age, for example, “you look like an eighteen-year-old”) are common and now.

Relevant information after her marriage confirms her physical constitution. For example, it is reported that she had a very graceful build and there were cases when, during her travels, people around her could not understand whether Aisha was on a camel, in her seat closed on all sides, or not (by the way, Aisha, who was absent for a while, once left in the desert was for this reason).
Also, modern scholars say that the words of Aisha, which are transmitted in certain hadiths as “I was six or seven years old,” could be an error of the transmitter (Ravi) and should be considered as said “I was six or seven years old when the revelation began to come ".

It is also important that none of the enemies or opponents of the Prophet Muhammad who lived during his period and after him, whether in Mecca or Medina (primarily the Medina hypocrites, who made up at least one quarter of the city's population), said anything negative about about Aisha's age of marriage. Although if there was the slightest reason, they immediately started an “information war,” for example, they did not fail to take advantage of the opportunity when Aisha, who was already married to the Prophet, was forgotten in the desert. It turns out that they witnessed a completely normal phenomenon, when an adult girl (and by no means a girl) entered into marriage of her own free will, to a man who was very close to her family. And this fact also gives rise to the fact that the information conveyed in a number of hadiths should not be accepted unquestioningly in a “literalistic” manner, but should be interpreted according to the general context and spirit of Islam.

In general, there is a lot of misinformation regarding the status of women in Islam. Muslims themselves sometimes do not have the proper knowledge and often follow outdated traditions, prejudices, or stereotypes that fundamentally contradict Islam. One of which, by the way, concerns the institution of polygamy. In Islam, polygamy (polygamy) is neither an “obligation” nor a “rule”, but is an exception, a forced measure due to certain reasons and associated with obligations, while monogamy is the rule.

The feelings of the Prophet Muhammad regarding the daughter of Abu Bakr Aisha can be more or less understood even by an atheist, if we keep in mind the following:

1. Being in a society where debauchery, fornication, drunkenness and gambling were considered a virtue and extolled, the Prophet Muhammad was the personification of chastity, he never drank a drop of alcohol (not a single intoxicating drink) in his life and never participated in any dubious event or gambling. All this is known to chronologists, meticulous in search of information compromising Islam.

2. He first married at the age of 25 to a widow 15 years older than him and lived with her until the last days of her life, almost until she was fifty years old.

3.When the Prophet Muhammad was widowed, he lived alone for several more years. All his subsequent marriages were either with women who had been previously married, or with widows who had lost their breadwinners. The only exception was the marriage with Aisha.

4. It is also clear that a man burdened with the “huge mission of preaching his teachings,” whose all aspirations and thoughts were aimed at putting his mission into practice, whose heart and soul were filled with mercy and mercy for all people, could not indulge in voluptuousness (lust). Isn't one of the proofs of this that he forgave all the people who for years caused insults, humiliation, persecuted both him and his family members with the aim of killing or expelling or simply mocking him?

5. As you know, people living in hot countries grow up faster and, accordingly, age faster, especially those who lived in the seventh century, when people constantly suffered deprivation, hunger, and wars. Therefore, it should be objectively taken into account that at the time of his marriage to Aisha, the Prophet Muhammad was not young, he was more than fifty years old. Especially after his fortieth birthday (after the coming of revelation), his whole life was fraught with constant spiritual, moral and intellectual struggle, deprivation and difficulties.
The way of life of the Prophet Muhammad is one of the objective proofs that there could be no question of any lust or sensuality. From reliable hadiths it is known that food was not prepared in the house of the Prophet Muhammad for days, sometimes weeks. Both the Prophet Muhammad and his wives were content with only water and dates, and the Prophet himself quite often fasted on such days.

6. Much has been written regarding the reasons for the polygamy of the Prophet Muhammad, both objective and biased. One of the main reasons for this, and in particular the marriage with Aisha, was caused by his mission. Firstly, his wives were the conductors of the teachings of Islam into the world of women. As you know, there are entire volumes of special provisions regarding women’s cleanliness, “critical days,” “pregnancy,” etc., which vary greatly according to the physiology of women. Secondly, his wives were also transmitters of hadith (in general, the Sunnah) into the world of men through the women with whom they communicated. Almost all the wives of the Prophet were considered mentors and scholars of the period of the Companions - the "sahaba". They were called “mothers of Muslims,” even Abu Bakr called his daughter Aisha nothing more than “mother of the faithful.” Thirdly, regarding Aisha herself, she was very inquisitive and had a thirst for knowledge. Being the youngest in age and not particularly burdened with family affairs, she subsequently became one of the outstanding scientists of the Sahaba period!
Aisha was a hidden "pearl" of theological sciences and her marriage to the Prophet, who could not harbor any base feelings towards the daughter of his closest friend, made her one of the greatest luminaries of Islamic knowledge during the period of the Sahaba.

In addition, in one of the hadiths, the Prophet Muhammad said, “You can find (learn) half of the entire religion from this fair-skinned woman.” And in fact, Aisha became known for her unquestioned authority in the interpretation of the Sunnah and was one of those who laid the foundations of “hadith studies”; she gave “fatwas” (religious and legal decisions) to even the largest companions of the Prophet, and raised many students, both among women , and among men. She had outstanding knowledge in the fields of medicine, history, and astronomy.

As you can see, Aisha stood at the origins of an amazing process, a tradition founded in the time of the Prophet, but unfortunately little studied and almost forgotten in our time, which can be called the “tradition of female Islamic theological scholarship.” Which is a separate topic, about which we will give only a few facts.
The Center for the Study of Islam at Oxford University has written a bibliographical dictionary (edited by Muhammad Akram Nadwi), consisting of forty volumes, which conveys the biographies of eight thousand female Islamic scholars. The famous scholar Ibn Hajar reported that out of about twelve thousand Sahaba known for their learning, about one thousand five hundred and fifty were female Sahaba. Ibn Hajar, in another of his works, writes about one thousand three hundred “ulima, alimah and imama,” i.e. female theologians of subsequent centuries. He writes about eleven thousand famous scientists of his period, among whom he notes more than a thousand major female theologians.

In a word, Aisha not only could not be a victim of any kind (frankly speaking, to the lust of men), she was the most talented follower among women and one of the outstanding scientists of her period. And her marriage, we emphasize, at an adult age, gave her, like no one else, the opportunity to enter the world of spiritual knowledge, the source of which was the Prophet Muhammad. As is known, the Prophet Muhammad, being endowed with divine insight (fatanat), never made mistakes in people.

In conclusion, we would like to emphasize once again that “literalism”, “a mechanistic understanding of the sources of Islam” is one of the greatest dangers for Islam today. In particular, if we discard “literalism” and interpret the sources of Islam according to the general spirit and context of Islam, as well as if we conduct a more thorough study of the sources of Islam, it will become clear that Aisha got married at a far from childish age (at 17, or 18, or 19 years).

We would also like to urge Muslims not to forget the importance of a holistic understanding of Islam. Unfortunately, due to the narrowness of thinking and the narrowness of the soul, which does not allow us to properly understand the paradigm of Islam, some Muslims want to reduce Islam to the level of an instrument for satisfying “base feelings, certain weaknesses of human nature,” which is fundamentally contrary to the worldview, ethics and morality of Islam.

G. Zhusipbek, Zh. Nagaeva

The best example of relationships in a Muslim family is the pious family of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him. He let us know how men should behave towards their wives and showed us by example what it means to be a good husband. And his wives strove in everything to correspond to the high status of the Prophet’s wife, helped and supported the Messenger of Allah in His mission, for which they began to be called "mothers of believers"

It is important to note that although Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him, had several wives, he was never interested in women. For the first time Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, got married when he was 25 years old, and the second time - only after the death of his first wife, when he was already over 50 years old. Subsequently, He married women from different tribes, but not for the sake of carnal pleasures, but in order to strengthen the Muslim society, overcome the stereotypes regarding marriage that existed in society at that time, and to spread the word. And also the benefit of these marriages was that His wives spread Islam among women.

Many facts prove that Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, did not strive for the pleasures of this life. For example, when it was the turn of his youngest and most beautiful wife ‘Aisha, he did not spend all his time with her, but went to the cemetery at night to pray. There is also a story that one day a woman came to the Messenger of Allah to woo her daughter. She said that her daughter was so beautiful and healthy that she never even had a headache. To this, the Prophet Muhammad replied that He did not need to marry her. That is, the Prophet made it clear to this woman that he was not going to marry her daughter; just because she is beautiful and healthy.

The desire for the pleasures of this life is not inherent in any of the Prophets, and not one of them had a weakness for the opposite sex. And what the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him, had many wives - this is a privilege given to him by the Creator.

According to the Shari'ah of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon Him, a man can have no more than four wives at the same time, but the Messenger of Allah was allowed to enter into nikah with a large number of women. Scholars have conveyed several opinions about the number of wives of the Prophet. According to one of these opinions, there were 11 of them: Khadija bint Huwaylid, Sauda bint Zam'a, 'Aisha bint Abu Bakr, Hafsa bint 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab, Umm Salama bint Abu Umayyah, Juwairiya bint Al-Harith, Zainab bint Jahsh, Zainab bint Khuzaimah, Umm Habiba bint Abu Sufyan, Safiyya bint Huay, Maymunah bint Al-Harith.

Khadija - the first wife of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him

The full name of the first wife of the Messenger of Allah is X Adijah bint Khuwaylid ibn Asad ibn ‘Abdul-‘Uzza. Her mother's name was Fatima bint Zaida ibn Jundub.

Khadija was a noble woman from the family TO uraish. She was rich, successfully ran her own trading business and sent caravans on trade matters to other countries. One day she offered a job to a young man named Mu X ammad, since He was known among people for his honesty, 1 decency and good behavior. Conducting business with Him and convinced of His high morality, Khadija, through intermediaries, invited Him to marry her, and He agreed. He was then 25 years old, and she was 40. This is another proof that the heart of the Messenger of Allah was not attached to women. After all, He could marry a young girl, since He was young, very handsome, had an excellent reputation, belonged to an honorable family and had never been married before. And Khadija before her marriage to the Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, was married twice. Her first husband’s name was ‘Atiq ibn ‘Abid, and her second was Abu Hala Hind ibn Zarara ibn An-Nabbash from the family of Banu Usayyid ibn ‘Amr ibn Tamim.

Khadija became the wife of the Messenger of Allah 15 years before the Prophet received the Revelation. Some scholars said that marrying the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him, her father gave her away, and others - that her uncle named ‘Amr.

Khadija was the devoted and well-behaved wife of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. Their marriage lasted 25 years. The Prophet treated her with warmth both during her life and after her death. While Khadija was alive, the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him, there were no other wives besides her.

Khadija was the first in the Prophet's community to accept Islam and support His call. Ismail ibn Iyas ibn ‘Afif reported the following story from his father, and he from his father ‘Afif Al-Kindiy: “I was engaged in trade and during the pilgrimage I went to the Mina area. There I met Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abdul-Muttalib and made a deal with him. When I was talking to him, a man came and began to pray in front of the Ka'bah, with Him were a woman and a young man. I asked Al-‘Abbas: “What is their religion?” He replied: “This is — Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah h, which says that Allah h sent Him as a Prophet, and His religion will be spread throughout Persia and Byzantium. This woman is His wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid, who followed Him. And this young man is the son of His uncle ‘Ali ibn Abu Talib, who also followed Him.” ‘Afif said: “If I had accepted Islam when I saw them, I would have been the second man to accept Islam [in the community of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him].” Later ‘Afif became a Muslim. This Hadith has the degree of Sahih.

Hafiz scholars 1 confirmed that in the community of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him, Khadija was the first woman to convert to Islam. In particular, Muhammad ibn Ishaq reported that Khadija was the first to accept Islam and believe the Prophet Mu X ammadu, peace be upon him: « Truly , Angel Jibril appeared to Prophet Mu X ammadu, peace be upon Him, when He was on the outskirts of the valley, hit the ground with his heel, and a source gushed out from there. Then he performed ablution and Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, repeated after him. After this, Jibril performed a Namaz of two rak’ats, making four sajdahs. After the Messenger of Allah ha, peace be upon Him, returned home, His eyes were full of joy, His soul rejoiced because of what He received from Allah what made Him happy. He took Khadija by the hand and led her to the source. The Prophet performed ablution there, just as Jibril did, and then performed two rak’ats of Namaz, making four sajdahs. After this, Khadija also performed ablution and, together with the Prophet, peace be upon him, performed Namaz. From that time on, Prophet Mu X"Ammad, peace be upon Him, and His wife Khadija began to constantly perform Namaz."

This happened even before five daily prayers became obligatory. Commandment on the obligation to perform five Namaz per day of the Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, received “Isra` wal-Mi’raj” on the night. Khadija did not live to see that time - she died five years before this great event.

Khadija was a wise and patient woman. She donated her wealth to the spread of Islam, helping the Messenger of Allah. At a time when other people called the Prophet Mu X ammada was a liar and laughed at Him, she supported Him and stood up for His defense. She endured all the difficulties, ridicule and hostility of society and steadfastly maintained her dignity and the honor of her husband.

Khadija - the mother of all the children of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him, except for one son - Ibrahim, whom Mary gave birth to. The firstborn of Khadija and the Messenger of Allah was Al- TO asim, therefore the Prophet was named after the eldest son of Abul- TO asim, that is, “father of Al- TO asima." Their other son is ‘Abdullah, who was also called At-Tahir and At-Tayib 2. They also had four daughters: Zainab, Ru To Ayya, Umm Kulthum and Fatima, may Allah have mercy on them. All the children of the Messenger of Allah, except Fatima, died during the lifetime of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him.

Khadija faced many trials. Before the coming of Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him, paganism was widespread among the Arabs. It was a time of terrible disbelief, ignorance and cruelty. For example, the Arabs buried newborn girls alive, since they considered the birth of a daughter a shame. And at this time, in such a society, Prophet Mu X ammad and His wife Khadija raised their daughters.

Khadija also withstood one of the strongest tests for a woman and mother - the death of her children. For her patience, love for the Prophet and fear of God, she received a high degree of piety.

'Abdullah ibn Ja'far reported the words of Imam 'Ali ibn Abu T Aliba: “I heard from the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon Him, these words: “The best of all women is Maryam bint ‘Imran, and the best woman of my community is Khadija bint Huwaylid.” This Hadith has the degree of Sahih.

Ruzain in the book “Majmu'a al-Sihah” conveyed the words of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him: “Of the men, many achieved perfection in the Faith, but of the women, only four: Maryam the daughter of ‘Imran, Asiya the wife of Pharaoh, Khadija the daughter of Khuwaylid, Fa T Yama Mu's daughter X ammada."

Imam Al-Bayhaqiy transmitted along the chain from Imam Abu Hureyra, who said: “One day the Angel Jibril appeared to the Prophet Mu X ammadu, peace be upon Him, and said: “O Messenger of Allah ha! Khadija came to you and brought food. When she comes in, give her salam and make her happy that Allah h gave her a home in Paradise.” This Hadith also has the degree of Sahih. Thus, for her excellent qualities, Khadija received the news during her lifetime that she would be in Paradise.

Khadija died in Mecca. This happened even before the great migration to Medina. She passed away at the age of 65 3 - 10 years after receiving the Revelation by the Prophet Mu X ammadom, peace be upon him. In the same year, the Prophet's uncle Abu died T Alib ibn ‘Abdul-Muttalib. This year has been called the "year of tribulation."

The Prophet was deeply saddened by the death of Khadija and kept a good memory of her until the end of his days. After all, Khadija, who tenderly and devotedly loved the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon Him, managed not only to surround Him with attention and care, but also to become His faithful friend, able to always understand, share His joys and worries, support and encourage him in difficult times.

The Prophet did not forget about her when he married other women. Al Bayha To narrated the Hadith that ‘Aisha said: “I was not jealous of any of the wives of the Prophet, peace be upon Him, as much as I was of Khadija, since He often remembered her. He married me three years after her death. Alla h commanded Him to please Khadija by giving her a home in Paradise.” This Hadith has the degree of Sahih. From this Hadith it follows that Allah granted forgiveness to Khadija.

There is another Hadith about how the Prophet treated Khadija. Al Bayha To narrated a Hadith from ‘Aisha who said: “I was not jealous of the Prophet, peace be upon him, for his other wives as I was for Khadija, although I did not find her alive. When Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, was cutting a sheep. He asked to give the meat to Khadija’s friends. One day I was indignant: “Khadijah?!” He said: “Yes! Allah granted me to love her.” This Hadith was transmitted by Imams Muslim and Al-Bukhariy in their collections.

In another Hadith, which was transmitted along the chain from Al-Hafiz Abul-Qasim from the wife of the Prophet ‘Aisha, who said: "Every time Prophet Mu X ammad spoke about Khadija, He praised her and asked for forgiveness for her. One day, when He remembered her, I was overcome with jealousy, and I said: “Alla h gave you a young one in return.” The Prophet became very angry at my words, and everything inside me fell. Then I said to myself: “Oh, Allah h! If You free me from the wrath of the Prophet, I will never speak ill of Khadija again.” Prophet Mu X ammad understood my repentance and asked: “Yes, that’s right! I swear to Allah hom, she believed in me when other people rejected and supported me, while others turned away, she believed in me when others refused, and Allah granted her to have children from me, while you [you and the other wives] did not given this." ‘Aisha said: “After that He did not come to me for a whole month.”

The relationship between the Messenger of Allah and His wife Khadija shows us an example of a worthy marriage. How many women in our time are capable of loving so much, helping their husbands so selflessly, fully supporting them and taking care of them?! How often do wives begin to reproach their husbands even at the slightest difficulties!

A Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, showed men the example of an exemplary husband who did not humiliate his wife because she was not young and had already had other husbands before him. Despite everything, he loved her, protected her, set an example for other women and was gentle and kind with her. We need to remember this wonderful example of family relationships so as not to make mistakes and be kinder and better.

After the death of his first wife Khadija, Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, married the next time when he was already over 50 years old. He married other women in order to spread Islam, bring different tribes together, and so that His wives would teach the Religion to other women.

The second wife of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon Him, according to one scholar, was Sauda bint Zam'a ibn Qais. And according to another opinion, the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, entered into a second marriage with ‘Aisha bint Abu Bakr before his marriage to Saud, but He began to live with ‘Aisha only two or three years later.

Sarah bint Zam'ah ibn Qays

Sauda's father's name was Zam'ah ibn Qays, and her mother's name was Ash-Shumus bint Qays ibn Zayd ibn'Amr. She belonged to the Banu Najar family. Some scholars said that Prophet Mu X Ammad, peace be upon him, married Sauda bint Zam'a after migrating from Mecca to Medina. Others say that they got married in the month of Shauwal before the Great Migration.

Sauda’s first husband was As-Sakran ibn ‘Amir, who accepted Islam following the call of the Messenger of Allah. And after his death, Sauda married the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him.

About her character they write that Sauda was a sincere, noble and kind woman. Some sources say that she sincerely, for the sake of Allah, gave up her days to another wife of the Prophet, ‘Aisha.

There is no further mention of Saud in Ibn ‘Asakir’s book “40 Hadiths on the Mothers of Believers.” All that is said is that she died during the reign of Mu'awiyah in 54 AH.

Aisha bint Abu Bakr

‘Aisha’s father was the first man to accept Islam in the community of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him. His name was ‘Atik (‘Abdullah) ibn Abu Quhafa ‘U With man ibn ‘Amir ibn ‘Amr ibn Ka’b. He is known as Abu Bakr As-Siddiq. ‘Aisha’s mother’s name was Ummah Ruman bint’Amir ibn ‘Uwaimir.

‘Aisha grew up in a righteous and God-fearing family. Her father was the closest friend and companion of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him. He is the best of all saints 5 at all times. Her mother and sister Asma were companions of the Messenger of Allah, and Asma also helped her father and Muhammad a lot in difficult times. ‘Aisha’s brother was also a companion and assistant of the Prophet in the spread of Islam.

From childhood, ‘Aisha was raised in a family that valued knowledge. Her father was an outstanding scholar and expert on Islam. He was called “As-Siddiq”, that is, “The Truthful”, for his excellent qualities. And he brought up the same beautiful traits and love of knowledge in his daughter ‘Aisha. In addition, she was distinguished by her sharp mind and good memory, which, together with good upbringing and the desire for knowledge, gave an excellent result - she became a mujtahid theologian and a famous transmitter of the Hadiths of the Prophet. She even had her own mazhab 6. She had great authority in religious matters, and even great scientists consulted her. In addition, she was well versed in secular sciences, such as genealogy, 7 astronomy, medicine, and also composed poetry herself. Scientists noted not only her intelligence, excellent memory and deep knowledge, but also her eloquence.

Aisha was married to the Messenger of Allah at a very young age 8. Some scholars said that this was after the Great Migration from Mecca to Medina, other theologians argued that it was in the month of Shawwal 1.5 years before the Migration, that is, 10 years after the Prophet received the Revelation.

‘Aisha was the youngest of all the wives of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon Him, and when He passed away, she was 18 years old. She was the only wife of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, who married Him as a virgin, while the other wives of the Prophet were already married before.

The Messenger of Allah was fair, gentle and kind with all his wives, but they were especially close to ‘Aisha. After all, since she was close to the Prophet from an early age, He became her friend and educator. He did things with her that He did not do with other wives. One of the Hadiths says that the Messenger of Allah and ‘Aisha made ghusul together. She also sat next to Him when He performed Namaz. And once they even had a competition together - the Prophet ran a race with her and jokingly noted that he had overtaken her. And this once again shows us that, despite his high status and great mission, the Prophet was not arrogant, but, on the contrary, was easy to communicate and could allow himself to joke to cheer up other people.

In Ibn’Asakir’s book “40 Hadiths about the mothers of believers” there are several Hadiths about ‘Aisha.

In one of them, Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, said: “I saw you in a dream 9 times: I saw one person who was carrying you, wrapped in silk cloth. And he told me: “This is your wife.” I unfolded the fabric and saw you. And I said: “If Allah wants it this way, then so it will be.” 10

Another Hadith says: “After the death of Khadija, the Prophet was greatly saddened. And then Allah sent the Angel Jibril, who brought Aisha to the Prophet in a cradle and told Him that she would become His wife and ease His grief. Then Jibril brought her back [to her parents' house]. Then the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, went to Abu Bakr’s house and asked Aisha’s mother: “Oh, Umma Ruman! Treat her with care and be lenient with her for my sake.” After this, her family began to treat ‘Aisha in a special way (even though they did not know that she would become the wife of the Prophet).

From the time Abu Bakr accepted Islam until the Migration, Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, came to visit him every day. One day He came and saw little ‘Aisha crying at the door of the house. Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, asked her: “What happened?” She complained to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon Him, about her mother, but said that she still loved her. Out of pity in the eyes of Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him, tears appeared. He approached her mother and said: “Oh, Ummu Ruman! I asked you to be lenient towards ‘Aisha.” She replied: “O Messenger of Allah! She upset my father." Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon Him, said: “Even so, do not scold her anymore.” And in the same Hadith it is said that ‘Aisha was born four years after the Prophet received the Revelation.

After 'Aisha married the Prophet, an incident happened to her due to which some people began to spread rumors questioning her honor. And in her defense the Holy Ayat was revealed TO ur`ana, proving her innocence. Truly, this is a great sign showing the special degree of ‘Aisha. This story is described in an authentic Hadith.

‘Aisha herself said that Allah granted her several features, such as what the Angel Jibril showed to the Prophet Mu X ammadu, peace be upon him, her image on a silk cloth and said to marry her. She also had the honor of being next to the Messenger of Allah when He received some revelations (no other wife of the Prophet had this). And Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, treated her in a special way, without hiding his love for her. Once, when He was asked which of the people He loved most, He said: “Aisha, and of the men - her father Abu Bakr.” Another Hadith says that when the Prophet was worried about ‘Aisha, He put his hand on her shoulder and said: “Oh, Allah, forgive her! Let her be calm and save her from fitna” 11.

There is also a Hadith that says that ‘Aisha asked the Prophet: “Which of your wives will be in Paradise?” He replied: “You are one of them” 12. Imam Al-Bukhariy in his book “Sahih” reported from ‘Ammar ibn Yasir that ‘Aisha is the wife of the Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him, in this world and in the next world. This indicates the high degree of ‘Aisha, as well as what Angel Jibril himself conveyed through the Prophet Mu X ammada salaam ‘Aisha.

Another feature of ‘Aisha was that the Messenger of Allah spent the last hours of his life with her. Ibn Sa'ad reported from Hatim ibn Ismail from J'far ibn Muhammad the story of his father: “When, before the death of the Prophet Mu X Ammad, peace be upon Him, fell ill, then He asked: “Where will I be tomorrow?” [meaning which of the wives will have it, whose turn it is]. They answered him: “So-and-so.” He asked: “And the day after tomorrow?” They answered him: “So-and-so.” Then the Prophet’s wives realized that He wanted to be with ‘Aisha and said: “Oh, Prophet! We will give our turn to ‘Aisha.” This Hadith, which has the degree of sahih, was transmitted by Imam Al-Bukhariy. This Hadith not only shows the superiority of ‘Aisha, but also the high degree of the other wives of the Prophet, who treated this situation with understanding and behaved with dignity.

‘Aisha, may Allah have mercy on her, said: “Allah gave me the peculiarity that the Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, died in my house in my arms 13. ‘Ali ‘Abdurrah man came to us. He had a siwak in his hands. I saw that Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, looks at the siuak, and guessed that he wants the siuak. I asked Him: “Should I give you a siuak?” He nodded. I gave him siuak, but he was hard. I asked: “Soften?” He nodded. I softened the siwak for him and placed a bowl of water next to him. The Prophet wet his hand in water, stroked his forehead, repeating “La ilaha illallah.” And then He said that there is agony until death.”

It is also narrated that when Prophet Mu X Ammad, peace be upon Him, was dying, there was no one nearby except ‘Aisha and the Angels.

There is another Hadith about the death of the Prophet. Angel Jibril conveyed to the Prophet that the time of His death would soon come. A few days after this news, four people carried the Prophet to Mu X ammada, peace be upon him, to the house of ‘Aisha. There the Prophet asked to call all the wives. When they arrived, Prophet Mu X Ammad, peace be upon Him, said: “I cannot visit you, allow me to stay in the house of ‘Aisha.” They agreed. ‘Aisha said that when she stayed with the Prophet, she saw that He was flushed and sweating (before that she had never seen people near death). He asked to be helped to sit down. ‘Aisha continues: “I held Him and kissed His head. Then he lay down and I covered Him with clothes. After some time, ‘Umar and Mughira ibn Shu’ba came. I covered my face 1 4 and allowed them to enter. ‘Umar asked: “Aisha, what happened to the Prophet?” I answered: “An hour ago He lost consciousness.” Further in this Hadith it is told how people learned that the Messenger of Allah had passed away. This Hadith has the degree of hassan.

The Messenger of Allah was buried in the house of ‘Aisha, since Prophets are buried where they die. And now millions of believers visit this place every year to receive the blessing of visiting the grave of the best of all created - our Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon him.

Truly, ‘Aisha was a great woman and a wonderful companion of the Messenger of Allah. Her heart was not attached to worldly pleasures, and she was ready, like other wives of the Prophet, to endure difficulties and, while maintaining dignity, follow His instructions. After the death of Prophet Mu X ammada, peace be upon Him, she continued His work and until the end of her days she spread true knowledge, teaching Islam not only to women, but also to men.

‘Aisha died on the 17th of Ramadan on Tuesday in the year 58 Bijra 15. She was buried in the Baki' cemetery at night, after Namaz Witr.

Umm Habiba

After Zainab bint Khuzaimah, the next wife of the Messenger of Allah was Umm Habiba. Her full name is Ramla bint Abu Sufyan Sohr ibn Harb ibn Umayya. Her mother's name was Sophia bint Abul-'As ibn Umayyah. Umm Habiba was one of those who, at the command of the Prophet, moved from Mecca to Habasha (Ethiopia). Before marrying the Messenger of Allah, she was the wife of ‘Ubaydullah ibn Jahsh ibn Riab 16. Prophet Muhammad married her after she was widowed. This happened in the 7th year of Hijra. The King of Ethiopia, Askham An-Najashi, who converted to Islam and was known for his piety, patronized Umm Habiba - he gave her mahr when the Prophet married her.

When the Prophet Muhammad brought her to Medina, she was just over 30 years old. She died in 44 AH during the reign of her brother Mu'awiyah.

Sofia bint Huey

The next wife of the Prophet Muhammad was Sophia bint Huei ibn Akhtab. She came from the family of the Prophet Harun, peace be upon him. Her mother's name was Barra bint Samau'al. She was the wife of Salam ibn Mishkam Al-Kurazy, and after him - Kinana ibn Ar-Rabi'a ibn Abul-Huqaik. During the Battle of Khaybar she was captured, but Prophet Muhammad freed her and married her. She was 17 years old then. In the book “40 hadiths about the wives of the Prophet Muhammad » the hadith was transmitted along the chain from Abu Harmal from his sister Umm ‘Abdullah to the daughter of Abul-Qain Al-Muzaniy, who said: “Of the wives of the Prophet, peace be upon Him, I was friends with Sophia. She told me about her people and what she knew about them. She told [about how she accepted Islam and married the Prophet]: “When I was captured, the Prophet sent me to the location of the Muslim army. In the evening he came and called me. I came with my face covered and sat down in front of him, embarrassed. He encouraged me to accept Islam and said that it was good for me. I accepted Islam and Prophet Muhammad freed me and married me. When the Prophet was about to return to Medina, the companions said: “Today we will find out who she is to the Prophet: a wife or a slave. If she has her face covered, then she is his wife.” When we left for Medina, the Prophet, peace be upon him, told me to cover my face. I did as he said and they realized that I was his wife. Then He brought the camel to me and helped me sit on it. I was embarrassed to put my foot on the thigh of the Messenger of Allah, which he offered me, and I, leaning my knee on his thigh, climbed onto the camel.

People sometimes offended me and behaved arrogantly, but Prophet Muhammad was sensitive and attentive to me. One day he came to me when I was crying and asked: "What's happened?" I talked about how people say hurtful things to me and saw that the Prophet, peace be upon him, got angry and said: “If they continue to say this or become arrogant, then say: “My father — ProphetHarun, and my uncle is Prophet Musa, peace be upon them! 17 "". This hadith has the degree of hasan-sohih. This story about the Prophet’s marriage to Sophia was conveyed by Imam Al-Bukhariy. This hadith was also transmitted from Abu’Isa At-Tirmidhiy.

Sophia was a noble woman, she was very beautiful, intelligent and God-fearing and behaved with dignity in society. Prophet Muhammad protected her and did not allow anyone to speak ill of her.

She died in 52 AH during the reign of Mu'awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan and was buried in the Baqi' cemetery.

Maimuna bint Harith

The last wife of the Messenger of Allah, who is mentioned in the book “40 Hadiths about the Wives of the Prophet Muhammad,” was Maymunah bint Haris. Her full name is Barra bint Haris ibn Hazn ibn Bujayr ibn Al-hazm. Her mother's name was Hind bint 'Auf ibn Zuhair. Maimunah was the aunt of 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas.

Before her marriage to the Prophet, she was married twice: to Mas'ud ibn 'Amr, and then to Abu Ruhm ibn 'Abdul-'Uzza ibn Abu Qais. After the death of her second husband, the Prophet Muhammad married her. She was the last one the Prophet married and the last of his wives to die 18 .

Maymunah bint Al-Harith, may Allah have mercy on her, was a kind and generous woman. She was known for her emphasis on family relationships. Allah gifted her with sincerity and a strong desire to worship the Almighty a lot. ‘Aisha (may Allah have mercy on her) said: “She was very God-fearing and supportive of family ties.”

Its special degree is indicated by what is said about it in the Holy Scriptures. In the 50th verse of Surah Al-Ahzab it is written: “<…>and a Muslim woman."

She died in 61 AH during the reign of Yazid ibn Mu'awiyah. This was reported by Ibn Sa'd. She was 80 years old at the time. She is buried in the house where she lived with the Prophet Muhammad

It is believed that she died in Mecca, but she was buried in this house.

Hafsa bint 'Umar

After ‘Aisha bint Abu Bakr, the next wife of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon Him, was Hafsa bint 'Umar- daughter of the famous companion of the Messenger of Allah ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab ibn Nufail ibn ‘Abdul-‘Uzza ibn Rayah. Her mother's name was Zainab bint Maz'un ibn Habib ibn Wabb. She was born five years before the Prophet Muhammad received the Revelation of Prophethood. That is, the Messenger of Allah was almost 35 years older than her.

Praying a lot at night and fasting often, Hafsa, the daughter of the Ruler of the Faithful, grew up in a home that supports religion and calls for truth. Before her marriage to the Messenger of Allah, she was the wife of Hunays ibn Huzaf ibn Qais ibn ‘Adiy. Hafsa married the Prophet after the death of her husband. They got married in the month of Sha'ban 2.5 years after the Great Migration from Mecca to Medina or under another calculation 2 - 3 years before the Battle of Uhud.

In the book "40 Hadiths about the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him" one Hadith is cited about Hafsa bint ‘Umar, which tells that the Messenger of Allah for some reason divorced her, and after that he returned her to his wife. This book says: “Abul Qasim conveyed through the chain from Anas ibn Malik that the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, divorced Hafsa. After this, Angel Jibril came to Him and said to the Prophet, peace be upon Him: “Allah said: “She is your wife in this world and in the next life!” Bring her back to your wife." This Hadith has the degree of hassan and was transmitted from Qutad Abi Khattab ibn Da'am ibn Qutad.

Ibn Sa'd in the book "At-Tabakat" reported from Said ibn 'Amir from Sa'id ibn Abu 'Urub from Qutad, who said: “Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon Him, divorced Hafsa, then the Angel Jibril came and said to the Prophet: “Return her to your wife,” or in another opinion: “Do not divorce Hafsa, she observes the Fasting Sunnah and performs Namaz at night. And she is one of your wives in Paradise." This Hadith belongs to the category of Mursal.

The Prophet's wife Hafsa bint 'Umar died in the month of Sha'ban in 45 AH during the reign of Mu'awiyah. She was 60 years old at the time. It is also known that Janazah was read to her by Marwan Ibn Al-Hakam and she was buried in the Baki’ cemetery.

Umm Salama

The next wife of the Prophet Muhammad was called Umm Salama, According to some sources, she was the fifth wife of the Messenger of Allah. Her full name is Umm Salama Hind, daughter of Abu Umayyah Suhail ibn Al-Mughira ibn ‘Abdullah. Her mother's name was 'Atika bint 'Amir ibn Rabi'a. Umm Salama was from the honorable tribe of Quraish from the Makhzum clan. Before her marriage to the Messenger of Allah, Umm Salama was the wife of Abu Salam ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abdul-Assad ibn Hilal.

Patient and modest, Umm Salama endured many trials in life. After the death of her husband, Allah gave her what was best for her - the Messenger of Allah himself became her husband. Imam Muslim and Imam At-Tabaraney transmitted in their collections a Hadith from Umm Salama, who said that she heard from the Messenger of Allah words that mean: “If a Muslim who has suffered a misfortune says: “Verily, we are all in the power of Allahha, and, truly, He will resurrect us all! Oh Allahh! Save me in my grief and give me in return what will be better!”, then Allahh will grant him salvation in his grief and will give in return [for what was lost] what is best for him.”

Prophet Muhammad married her in the month of Shawwal in the fourth year of Hijra. In the book “40 Hadiths about the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him,” only one Hadith is given about Umm Salama. It was transmitted by Abul Qasim along the chain from Umm Salam herself. She said that one day, when the Prophet Muhammad was in her house, a maid came up and said that ‘Ali and Fatima had come. And then Umm Salama left the Messenger of Allah. When ‘Ali, Fatima and their small children Hasan and Hussein entered the house, the Prophet Muhammad sat the children on his lap. ‘Ali and Fatima approached him, and the Messenger of Allah hugged and kissed them. Then he covered them with the hem of his robe and read the Du'a to them: "Oh Allahh! Save my family from hell." Umm Salama said: “And me, oh Messenger of Allahha?" The Prophet said: "And you too". This Hadith has the degree of Sahih. It is given in the book “Sahih” by Imam Muslim in an abbreviated form. In another transmission from ‘Aisha, in response to a question from Umm Salam, the Messenger of Allah said: “You are my family too.”

Umm Salama passed away in the month of Dhul-Qa'da in 59 AH at the age of 84 years. Imam Abu Hurayrah read Namaz-Jinaza to her, and she was buried in the Baki cemetery.

Juwayriyya bint Al-Harith

The next wife of the Prophet Muhammad was Juwayriyya bint Al-Harith ibn Abu Dirar from the Khuza'a tribe. Before becoming the wife of the Messenger of Allah, she was married. Some scholars said that her husband was Malik ibn Safuan, and others said that Musafi' ibn Safuan. Her husband was killed on the day of the battle of Al-Muraisi', and she herself was captured by the Muslims. Prophet Muhammad freed her and married her. She was 20 years old then.

Juwayriyya bint Al-Harith, may Allah have mercy on her, was very God-fearing and worshiped the Almighty a lot. Until midday she did not leave the place where she usually did Namaz, reading Zikr, praising Allah.

In the book “40 Hadiths about the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him,” one Hadith about Juuayriyya is mentioned. Abu Kilyaba said that Juwayriyya bint Al-Harith was captured by the Muslims during one of the battles. After this, her father came to the Prophet and asked for her release. Prophet Muhammad told him: “And if we let her choose, wouldn’t that be right?!” The father replied: “ Certainly! And it will be right on your part.” The father then approached his daughter Juwairiyah and addressed her: “This man gave you the opportunity to choose, so don’t disgrace us.” She answered: "I chose the Prophet" And then the father exclaimed: “I swear to God, you disgraced us!” This Hadith has the degree of sahih mursal.

Juwairiyah wanted to stay with the Prophet because she was insightful and very intelligent. She realized that the Prophet Muhammad is the man who shows people the path to salvation. And with her answer she chose this path. It is reported that the Prophet Muhammad, thanks to her, freed another 100 people from her tribe.

She died at the age of 65 in the month of Rabi'ul-Awwal in the year 57 AH during the reign of Mu'awiya. Namaz Jinaza was read to her by Marwan ibn Al-Hakam, the mayor of Medina.

After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, nine of his wives remained: Sauda, ​​‘Aisha, Hafsa, Umm Salama, Juwayriyah, Zainab bint Jahsh, Umm Habiba, Sophia and Maimunah 19 . All scientists have confirmed this. And scholars are unanimous that they were all the wives of the Prophet, peace be upon him, although there are different opinions about the order of marriage of the Messenger of Allahha.

And all these godly women achieved the degree of holiness.

The wives of the Prophet are great women. It was no coincidence that they became companions of the best of all creations, Alla.ha. They supported the call of the Prophet Muhammad and showed all other women an example of excellent behavior, good behavior and patience. They are worthy representatives of the community of the last Messenger and rightfully bear the honorable name of “mothers of believers.”

______________________

1 Hadith experts who know by heart the Hadiths of the Prophet Mu X ammad, peace be upon him, as well as the chain of their transmissions and their authenticity.

2 There is also a version of scientists that At-Tahir and At-Tayib are two different sons.

3 Some scholars said that she died in the month of Ramadan at the age of 55.

4 which the Prophet had to spend with her

5 of men

6 religious law school

7 science of descent and ancestry

8 Among the Arabs in those days, women reached puberty early, and it was customary to marry off daughters at a young age. According to one opinion, ‘Aisha married the Prophet when she was 6 years old, and according to another, she was 7 years old, and the Prophet took her to his home when she was 9 years old. The Prophet concluded Nikah with her, as he received a command from Allah. And this was a great blessing for ‘Aisha, because she was raised and taught Religion by the Prophet himself.

9 dreams of the Prophets are true

10 Hafiz scholars have unanimously agreed that this Hadith has an authentic degree of “sahih”. This Hadith was reported by Imam Al-Bukhariy in his book “Sahih” from Mu’alla from Wahib. Also, this Hadith was transmitted in his collection by Imam Muslim from Hisham.

11 this Hadith has the degree of Sahih Hasan

12 this Hadith has the degree of hasan

13 that is, in the presence of ‘Aisha

14 For the wives of the Prophet, covering their faces was an obligation, not a Sunnah.

15 so she was about 66 years old

16 He died in Ethiopia after apostasy from the Faith

17 bearing in mind that Prophet Harun and Prophet Musa are her ancestors

18 Some scholars said that she died before ‘Aisha

19 Some scholars said that the Prophet, peace be upon Him, had two more wives: Umm Shurayk bint Jabir and Rayhana bint Zayd ibn'Amr

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It is quite difficult to find a person who does not dream of a happy family life next to someone who will love, understand, respect, appreciate, tolerate, care, support, behave with dignity, raise children competently, treat parents well, and so on. But few people think that all these wonderful qualities are branches of a tree whose roots are fear of God.

Nowadays, people often choose a life partner based on external appearance, status and position in society, hoping that other positive qualities will appear over time. They hope that in the future they will be able to instill in their life partner a love of knowledge and observance. Of course, this is not excluded, but our religion strongly recommends choosing a life partner based on fear of God.

A woman should be especially careful when choosing a husband, because it is often beyond her power to correct an adult man. But even a man should not get his hopes up: although it is easier for a husband to influence his wife, not every woman is easy to change.

When people get married, they don’t always think about the fact that they have to go through a long life journey together, raise children, go through trials and difficulties, but only think about whether it’s pleasant to spend time with this person. Therefore, it is not surprising that their hopes for a happy family life are often not justified.

How to avoid disappointment? The answer to this question has long been known - choose someone who fears God. He is the most reliable life partner. The love of such a person will make you happy, but even if there are no such strong feelings, he will still always be fair to you. You don’t expect a trick from such a person, he will lend a shoulder in difficult times, will be kind and patient, will direct you in the right direction and will do the right thing himself - as Sharia orders. A God-fearing person loves for the sake of Allah, and not for the sake of his nafs, like most people: while feelings are seething, they are ready to endure and give in, and when the feelings pass, the relationship between spouses deteriorates.

However, a truly happy married couple is one in which both spouses are God-fearing. Therefore, not only seek a godly life partner, but strive to be one. After all, the ideal married couple are those who lead each other along the path to Paradise.

The fruits of the union of God-fearing spouses are wonderful - not only a good relationship, but also godly offspring. There have been many examples in history when two God-fearing people raised children who illuminated the whole world with their knowledge.

Parents of the Great Imam Abu Hanifa

One day a traveler was walking along the road. He was very hungry. And suddenly he saw an apple floating along the river. He took out this apple and ate it, but then he thought: “What if it came from someone’s garden?” Then he decided to go upstream and see if there was a garden there. After walking a little, he saw an apple tree growing in someone else's garden.

The young man was very God-fearing. He was upset that he ate someone else's apple and decided to ask the owner for forgiveness. He went to him, told him about the apple and asked the owner of the garden: “Will you forgive me?” He answered: “No,” and the young man became even more upset. He imagined punishment in hell for eating what was unlawful, and decided not to leave until he received forgiveness. When the owner left the house, the young man asked again: “Will you forgive me?” The owner of the garden, seeing his fear of God, said: “I will forgive you only if you marry my daughter. But know that she doesn’t see, doesn’t speak, and doesn’t walk.” Hearing this, the traveler was afraid, but the fear of the answer on the Day of Judgment was stronger than the fear of the trials in this life, and he agreed.

They entered the house. The owner led him to his daughter's room. A very beautiful girl came out to meet them and greeted her father and guest. It was the owner's daughter.

The traveler was almost speechless from surprise and surprise. “But you said that your daughter doesn’t see, doesn’t speak, and doesn’t walk!” - he exclaimed. “That’s right,” the father replied, “My daughter does not see what is forbidden, does not say what is forbidden, and does not go where it is forbidden!” (that is, she was also very God-fearing). Allah granted that in this way a God-fearing father would find a God-fearing husband for his God-fearing daughter. This is how the parents of the great Imam Abu Hanifa, one of the most famous theologians in the world, met.

Parents of the pious ‘Abdullah ibn Al-Mubarak

‘Abdullah ibn Al-Mubarak is a great scientist and Sufi. He was sincere and brave. This is the story of how his parents met.

His mother's father had a garden. One day he asked the man who was guarding his garden: “Bring me a sweet pomegranate.” The watchman went for a pomegranate and gave it to the owner. When the owner tried the pomegranate, he said: “What did you bring me?!” He's sour! Bring something sweet." Then the watchman went again and brought him another pomegranate. The owner, having tasted the fruit, was again indignant: “Why did you bring me sour pomegranate again?!” You’ve been working for me for a whole year and you don’t know which ones are sweet?!” To which the watchman replied: “You hired me to guard the garden, and not so that I could taste its fruits. How can I know which one is sweet and which one is sour?!” The owner of the garden was greatly surprised by the honesty and decency of the watchman and invited him to marry his daughter.

Parents of the fifth caliph Umar ibn ‘Abdul-‘Aziz

‘Umar ibn ‘Abdul-‘Aziz is the fifth righteous caliph and grandson of the second righteous caliph ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab. He was a fair ruler, possessed the deepest knowledge and was very ascetic. Perhaps all his achievements were facilitated by his upbringing, since he had godly parents. Here's the story of how they met.

His grandfather, Caliph ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab, was a great companion of the Prophet and ruler of the Muslims. But despite this, he went out into the city at night to find out how ordinary people lived. And one day, during his next round, he heard a conversation between two women. The milk seller told her daughter: “Dilute the milk with water,” to which she replied: “But the Caliph forbade this!” Her mother told her: “But he doesn’t see us now.” Then the daughter replied: “If Umar does not see, then the Lord of Umar sees everything!”

Returning home, ‘Umar said to his sons: “I know a house in which a God-fearing and decent girl lives - let one of you marry her.” And ‘Asym ibn ‘Umar married her. And when their son was born, they gave him the same name as his grandfather.

How to raise a child into a PERSONALITY

From birth, the child develops and is imbued with the beliefs and life attitudes that his parents and environment instill in him. In childhood, his character, habits, worldview are formed - all this forms the foundation that underlies his personality. That is why it is so important in childhood to instill in a child the correct beliefs and principles that will help him become successful and happy.

The first thing parents must take care of is to give the child true beliefs about the Creator and the world that He created, about good and evil, about the commands and prohibitions of Allah, about Heaven and hell, about reward and punishment. This is the most valuable and important knowledge, without which true happiness is impossible. In addition, parents are obliged to teach their child to perform Namaz, observe Fasting and other duties, because they do not want him to commit sins in the future. This is the foundation without which success is impossible.

In addition, it is important to develop in a child those qualities and skills that will help him live this life in the best way and achieve a high degree of piety for eternal happiness in the Next World.

PURPOSE

It is important for a child to learn to set goals and achieve them.

Nowadays, children often do not understand the meaning of life, do not find their place in this world, many of them prefer to live in “virtual reality”. And as a result, their real life is wasted.

Explain to your child that life was not given in vain, and there is responsibility for how he lives it. And also explain that life in this world is temporary, and after it there will be eternal life: in Heaven or in hell. In Heaven there will be eternal happiness, and in Hell there will be eternal suffering. Therefore, the main goal is to live life in such a way as to get to Heaven!

How to achieve this, we were told by the Prophets - special people sent by God. The most important thing is faith in God, who created this entire world, but Himself is not like His creations. And whoever lives as God commanded will achieve success.

On the way to your main goal, it is important to learn how to set small goals that will help you achieve it. For each goal, you need to define objectives and develop a plan to achieve it. Therefore, your task as parents is to teach your child these skills. A person who possesses these skills lives meaningfully and does not go with the flow of life. It is such a person who is a person.

Prepare your child for the fact that there are always obstacles on the path to success, otherwise everyone would be successful. Difficulties await him, but don’t let that stop him - he must learn to overcome them and benefit from the experience he receives. Develop in him those qualities that will help him achieve his goal: perseverance, hard work, willpower and responsibility.

RESPONSIBILITY

One day a child said to his father: “Our new math teacher doesn’t know how to explain, I won’t learn anything with him.” The father replied: “Understand, son, if you want to know mathematics, then this is your task, not your teacher. What have you done yourself to resolve this issue?” That is, the father did not allow his son to shift responsibility to others. He wanted to show him that there are two types of people: those who take responsibility for their lives and achieve success, and those who simply look for someone to blame for their failures.

The ability to accept responsibility opens up a broad perspective for a person. Without the willingness to take responsibility, it is impossible to achieve true success! How can anyone achieve success who hides from problems, avoids difficulties, is unable to make decisions and shifts everything to others?!

Often the parents themselves are to blame for the fact that their children grow up exactly like this: infantile, lazy and irresponsible. After all, they decide everything for the child, do not allow him to take the initiative, literally take the work out of the child’s hands, believing that he cannot cope on his own.

Help your child not be afraid to take responsibility for their actions. Even if he doesn't do something perfectly at first, don't stop him. Teach him to take on responsibilities and fulfill them, as well as be responsible for possible failures. Start small - let him take responsibility, for example, for the order in his room, saying to himself: “I am responsible for the cleanliness of this room” and keeps his promise.

It is natural for parents to want to help their children. But true help lies not in solving all their problems for them, but in teaching them how to solve their problems.

One person, walking through the park, noticed a cocoon on a bush from which a butterfly was trying to get out. There was a narrow gap in the cocoon, and the butterfly made every effort to crawl out through it. The man stopped and began to watch the butterfly, which could not get out. He felt sorry for the butterfly - he took out a knife and cut the cocoon to help her. The butterfly immediately crawled out, however, its body was frail and weak, and its wings could barely move. The man continued to watch the butterfly, thinking that its wings would get stronger and it would fly, but this did not happen. After all, it is precisely the efforts of the butterfly that are needed to get out of the cocoon that strengthen its wings and give it the ability to fly!

Don’t try to make your child’s life easier by solving all the issues for him. The sooner he learns to take responsibility for himself and his actions, the better for him! After all, in the end, a great Report awaits everyone! What will be the position of someone who has avoided responsibility all his life?!

If you teach your child to set goals, take responsibility, overcome obstacles, show diligence, persevere, work on himself and achieve results, he will become strong, will not be afraid of life's difficulties and will be able to achieve real success.

Clean, wash, iron, cook, wash the dishes, wipe the floor and again everything in a circle - and so on every day. A familiar picture for most women, especially married ones. And if there are still small children, then new worries are added to all these daily routines and everything is multiplied many times over.

So they pass day after day in bustle. But this is valuable time that is given to us in order to worship God in the best way and earn a reward for eternal life in the Next World. Of course, if women are busy with housework all day long, doing it for the sake of Allah, in order to please their husband and loved ones, then they will be rewarded for this. But if you wish, you can organize everything in such a way that there is time for other important things: gaining religious knowledge, performing additional rituals, as well as to take care of yourself, develop, spend time with loved ones, etc.

To effectively organize household chores, use techniques to save time, effort and money.

This is a very important point on the path to effective housekeeping. Often the constant need to clean the house is caused by a large number of things. Something was bought, something was given as a gift, something was brought from a trip, something was kept from childhood - people “overgrow” with things, without even suspecting how little they actually need for life. It is not for nothing that asceticism is welcomed in Islam.

If you want positive changes in your life, make room for them.

By reducing the number of things to a minimum, it will become much easier for you to manage your household, because things require care, take up space, take energy and peace of mind. As soon as you get rid of everything unnecessary in your life, you will see that not only your home is in order, but also your thoughts, and you will feel that it has become easier for you to breathe both literally and figuratively.

Rules for getting rid of unnecessary things:

1. If you haven't used an item for a year, then you don't need it.
2. Imagine that you are about to move into a small apartment. Decide what goes to waste, what can be given to friends or family, and what you really can't do without.
3. Buy only what you really need, without succumbing to sales, promotions, advertising, fashion and momentary desires.
4. When buying a new thing, give the old one to others.
5. When buying things, focus on versatility. Use the same principle to build your wardrobe. Let it contain a minimum of things for any occasion that are combined with each other.
6. Fix torn, broken or unfinished items immediately or get rid of them forever.
7. Do not store any trinkets, shells, old newspapers, chipped cups, etc.
8. Make a strict rule in your home: every day before going to bed, devote 10 minutes to removing everything unnecessary.
9. Divide all things into groups: “needed”, “rarely needed” and “unnecessary”. Place things from the first group within reach so that they are always at hand and do not require lengthy searches. For rarely used items, set aside a place so that they are out of the way, but you can easily find them if necessary. Give extra things to those who will really benefit from them. If they are no longer useful, then throw them away without regret. Some things can be sold, recycled, that is, you can benefit from getting rid of them.

Tip 2. Divide all big tasks into small steps

Usually women set global goals for themselves - to put the whole house in order in one day. But such general cleaning deprives one of strength and health and discourages cleaning for a long time. Therefore, it is recommended to establish ideal order gradually, step by step, and then simply maintain it.

“Keeping it clean” does not mean spending all your energy on making your home look perfect every day.

It is enough that things are in their place and it is clean.

To systematize cleaning, it is recommended to divide your home into zones. For example, an entrance hall and a kitchen, a living room and a bedroom, a bathroom and a toilet. Next, a monthly schedule is drawn up for cleaning in these areas. During the week, only one zone is brought into complete order - for this purpose it is given 15 minutes a day. In fact, during this time you can get a lot done, the main thing is to complete exactly those tasks that are planned. After all, energy during cleaning is often spent on distractions. For example, instead of dusting the closet and simply putting things away, some women start trying on outfits or looking at everything, which, of course, delays cleaning. Therefore, it is recommended to set a timer for 15 minutes to remember the time and avoid distractions.

An approximate cleaning schedule in the “hallway-kitchen” area may include: wash the stove, refrigerator, remove all items from the kitchen cabinets, wipe down the cabinets, carefully put everything back, put shoes in order, put back things that should be stored in other rooms. This work is carried out for 5 days a week. It turns out that a detailed cleaning of one area takes a little more than an hour a month. Then all that remains is to maintain order through daily “routines.”

It may take you longer to clean the areas at first, but once everything is in order, 15 minutes will be enough.

Once you have put everything in order, all that remains is to maintain cleanliness. But this should not be done all day long, but only for 5-10 minutes in the morning and evening. “Routines” are simple actions that we perform every day when we wake up in the morning and in the evening before going to bed. Proper organization of “routines” will bring these procedures to automaticity.

In the evening, before going to bed, it is recommended to do a light cleaning “over the top” - walk around the apartment, put things in their places, get rid of everything unnecessary, clean up the kitchen, wash the dishes and sink, hang up clean towels. The evening “routine” also includes: making a plan for the next day (including a menu) and preparing clothes and a bag for tomorrow. In the evenings, pay special attention to “hot spots” - surfaces on which things usually accumulate: a bedside table in the hallway, a computer desk, etc.

In the morning, it is recommended to make your bed immediately after waking up, even on weekends. If you have completed your evening routine, then everything is already in its place. Therefore, in the morning you can only wipe the dust from the surfaces, prepare breakfast and wash the dishes after it. When leaving home, take bags of garbage with you.

If you think through all your actions in the mornings and evenings in advance and perform them regularly, then over time it will become a habit and following them will be easy and simple.

Carry out classic house cleaning once a week. It comes down to completing several tasks of 10 minutes each (for example, vacuuming, washing the floor, wiping mirrors, changing bed linen). You can do this not at once, but assign each task to a specific day.

Islam encourages making the most of your time, and planning helps with this. Even five Namaz a day teach us to distribute tasks throughout the day. By planning, a person gets a barrack of time, that is, he has time to do much more, and this will also help to significantly save time and effort.

First, determine what tasks you do daily, weekly, monthly and how much time you spend on them. Then analyze the list and highlight the tasks that can be eliminated, which ones can be shortened, and which ones need to be left. Evaluate not only the time costs, but also the financial ones. After that, make a plan for the day, week, month, year.

Experienced housewives recommend keeping an “audit log.” The most convenient way to do this is to use an organizer folder or a file on your computer. Write down in this journal: morning and evening routines, monthly cleaning schedules by zone, shopping and payment lists, menus, as well as important notes, contacts, your plans, etc. In your plan, include not only household chores, but also mandatory and optional worship, learning, activities with children, communication with loved ones, time for self-care, and even time for relaxation. Then all that remains is to monitor the implementation of the plan. An organizer, stickers, reminders on your phone, etc. will help you not to forget important things.

Golden rules of good housewives:

1. Every thing has its place!
2. Close what you opened.
3. If you take it, put it back.
4. Clean before what is clean becomes dirty.
5. When cleaning, do not take out more things than you can take apart within an hour.

24. Islam is about marriage. How many wives did the prophet Muhammad have?

Question 24.The Koran allows you to have up to 4 wives at the same time, your Prophet said this. This in itself is debauchery, gratification of lust, the Bible prohibits such things. If it says that one of the righteous had more than one wife, then this may be forgiven according to Old Testament times, but still weakness. Christ forbade such things. However, your Magomed violated this norm that he himself established, for he had either 9 or 11 wives. It turns out there are two moralities: one for the elite, the other for ordinary Muslims?

Answer 24. The Koran says: " Wa men kulli Cheyenne halakna zavaine la alakum tazakarum" - which translates: « We created everything that exists in pairs so that you can think about it. …» (51:49). Such a couple is the man from whose flesh his wife was created.

The creation of man by Allah Almighty represents the beginning of his marital existence. The responsibility of husband and wife to each other and to their children flows directly from their responsibility to their Creator:

“Oh people! Fear your Lord, who created you from one man, made him his mate, and scattered many men and women, descended from both of them. Fear Allah, in whose name you ask each other, and be afraid to break family ties." (4:1).

Adam and Chava (Eve) are the first married couple, and the fact that she was such in Eden says that this is an ideal state. The purpose of marriage is not so much procreation as love:

And among His signs is that What
He has created yourselves as wives for you.,
so that you find consolation in them,
and sowed love and mercy among you.
Verily, in this is a sign for a people who think."(30:21). Love and mercy are a manifestation of mutual assistance between spouses acting in society as a single whole, as a monolithic subject of social relations. Loving spouses even become more and more similar to each other in appearance: “ Women and men are like twin children", said Prophet Muhammad (saw).

However, the temporary life in which we live is far from ideal: there is coercion and mistakes in marriage, there are sins and mistakes in marriage, there are wars, illnesses and other tragedies. And Islam considers it unacceptable to replace the ideal of love between two with the legal obligation of a monogamous marriage, because if there is no love and never was, then purely external, legal coercion cannot force mutual attraction, love and happiness into living souls.

Whether there is love depends on the people themselves and on the mercy of Allah, but the Creator does not put insurmountable barriers for people who are endowed with freedom of choice and want to arrange their legitimate family life more happily. It is a sin to abandon your first wife to the mercy of fate, with whom, for example, the relationship did not work out, if she did not commit adultery or if she is childless. But taking a second wife while maintaining the status and honor of the first wife is quite humane and reasonable. Islam wisely limited the number of such marriages, allowing a husband to have no more than four wives at a time.

As for the history of polygamy in the religion of monotheism, then, firstly, Polygamy is an ancient practice, and none of the holy people, including Jesus Christ, spoke of its depravity or its abolition. The righteous and prophets of God each had several wives: Jacob-Israel (Yakub), Abraham (Ibrahim), Moses (Musa). The reason for polygamy was, as a rule, personal motives related to love or the lack of offspring. David (Daud) and Solomon (Suleiman) had many wives. This order is regulated by the Torah - the Sharia of Moses, obligatory for believers until the revelation of the Koran:

“If someone has two wives, one beloved and the other unloved, and both the beloved and the unloved bear him sons, and the firstborn is the son of the unloved, then when dividing his property to his sons, he cannot give the son of his beloved wife precedence over the firstborn son unloved; but the firstborn must recognize the son as unloved” (Deut. 21:15-17).

The law equalizes the status of children from all wives, recognizing the first-born son as the firstborn, regardless of the preference of wives. The number of wives is not limited by the Torah. Islam limited the number of wives to four and abolished the status of “loved” and “unloved” wives, prohibiting taking a second wife unless the husband could be equally fair to all wives:

« If you fear that you will not be able to be fair to the orphans [in your care], then marry [other] women who please you - two, three, four. If you fear that you will not be able to care for them equally, then marry one or those whom you captured [in the war against the infidels]. It's closer [to religious law] if you don't want to deviate from it"(4:3).

At the same time, the strict responsibility of the man is established: In a hadith transmitted from the words of Abu Hurayrah, the Prophet Muhammad said: “ Whoever had two wives and was not fair to them will come on the Day of Resurrection with half his body hanging down».

Secondly, the basis for marrying more than one woman is not the desire for pleasure, but the natural desire to take all possible responsibility for the fate of women left without a husband, to give support and joy to another disadvantaged woman, or the desire to promote the unification of clans and tribes . Both of these took place before Islam:

“If brothers live together and one of them dies without a son, then the wife of the deceased should not marry a stranger, but her brother-in-law should come to her and take her as his wife and live with her, and the firstborn, whom she gives birth to will remain with the name of his deceased brother... If he does not want to take his daughter-in-law, then... then let his daughter-in-law go to him in the eyes of the elders, and take his boot off his foot, and spit in his face , and will say: “This is what they do to a man who does not build his brother’s house”” (Deut. 25:5-10).

In addition to widows, it was also prescribed to marry girls captured in the war. All these reasons have not disappeared even in VII century AD e., nor later, and therefore Islam only limited the number of wives and introduced a greater measure of responsibility.

Regarding the number of wives of the Prophet Muhammad (saw), the following should be noted. All his marriages took place before the verse limiting the number of wives to four was revealed, so Muhammad himself did not violate anything. The only exception for him was that, unlike others who were ordered to leave no more than four wives and divorce the rest, he was not to divorce anyone, for what would be the status of a woman who received a divorce from the Messenger of Allah himself? ?

In addition, we need to take a closer look at the life of the Prophet to see the motives for his actions. As is known, Muhammad (s.a.w.) For 15 years he lived with only one wife, Khadija, whom he loved very much, and did not take other wives.

However, the social position of Muhammad (s.a.w.) changed. He became not only a preacher of religion, but also a leading political figure and head of state. To consolidate the disparate Arab tribes and create peace between people and build a single multinational state, it was necessary to take various steps. In that era, this was achieved, among other things, through “dynastic” marriages, the significance of which has been very great since ancient times.

The Prophet's close friend Abu Bakr was the most influential and honorable person among the Arabs. He did a lot to strengthen the early Muslim community, and for this reason the marriage of his daughter Aishi with the Prophet was necessary both for him and for the head of the Muslim state, for the entire family of Abu Bakr became related to Muhammad, and for spiritually immature people, the presence of kinship served as a symbol of political unification. And, as subsequent events showed, it was Abu Bakr who strengthened the position of the young Muslim state after the death of the Prophet. But Allah wisely arranged it so that Aisha herself fell in love with the Prophet Muhammad, and therefore their dynastic marriage was a marriage of love and truly happy.

The marriage of the Prophet Muhammad (saw) with Hafsoy, daughter of Umar ibn Khattab, who was also one of the leaders of the Muslim community. This marriage helped to further strengthen the Muslim state and Muhammad's personal friendship with Umar. Another wife of the Prophet Muhammad wasRamla- the daughter of his enemy, the leader of the Meccan pagans Abu Sufyan. He was also an influential man who could not be ignored. Ultimately, after Muhammad's victory, Abu Sufyan became his close confidant and did a lot of useful things for the unification of the Arabs.

The wife of the Prophet Muhammad was also a Coptic girl Maria (Mariam), who was sent to him as a concubine by the Byzantine governor of Egypt Mukavkas as a sign of his respect. Having married her, Muhammad was already thinking about his influence in Egypt.

State goals also occurred in the case of the Prophet Muhammad’s marriage to a Jewish girl. Safiya . She was the daughter of the leader of the Banu Nadir tribe of Judah. After the battle of the Muslims with the Jewish tribes at Khaybar, she was captured by the Muslims. Due to the fact that she was the daughter of an influential man, she was handed over to the Prophet Muhammad for trial. He received her very well and offered her two options to choose from: either accept Islam and stay with the Muslims as a free woman, or go back to her people. Safia chose the first sentence. In response, the Prophet, touched by this decision, invited her to become his wife.

At the same time, the Prophet took some of his wives for reasons of charity. A clear example of this is his marriage with a 60 year old Zainab bint Khuzaimah. She was the wife of someone killed in the Battle of Badr Ubaid ibn Harith. After the death of her husband, she feared for her future fate, so the Prophet offered her his protection, but a woman could only enter the house of a stranger to her by entering into marriage with him.

Thus, the Koran tells us about the creation by Allah only of a married couple: a husband and one wife, taken from the flesh of her husband. Marriage is a natural and healthy human state. Islamic Sharia allows a man to have up to four wives at the same time, but this is not an obligation, not a recommendation, but only a permission, limited by a difficult condition: to be equally fair with all wives. This includes spending approximately equal time with each wife and giving her and the children appropriate attention. The husband bears full responsibility for all his wives before Allah, including their religiosity, morality, education, provision of food, clothing and medical care, and is also fully responsible for all children. All wives must also have separate housing. If these conditions cannot be met, polygamy is prohibited.

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had one wife for most of his life and loved and respected her. Only in the last years of his life, having become the head of state, which was growing into a huge empire, did he enter into a number of dynastic, as well as charitable (for middle-aged widows) marriages, the number of which did not violate valid at that time The norm of Sharia, the norm of four wives was revealed later, and after its revelation he did not marry again. Only for His Messenger did Allah make an exception, commanding him, after the revelation of the verse about limiting the number of wives, to leave all his wives in his care, since women who received a divorce from the Prophet would be in a humiliated position.