Psychology of feelings 

The colors of the rainbow in different parts of the world. How many colors are in the rainbow and which ones. Rainbow appears at night

Since childhood, we all know the saying “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting”, there is also a less popular version “How once Jean the ringer knocked a lantern with his head.” By the initial letters of these sayings, we remember the names and sequence of colors of such an unusual and beautiful natural phenomenon as a rainbow.

Humanity has associated the rainbow with many beliefs and legends. In ancient Greek mythology, for example, a rainbow is a road along which a messenger walked between the world of the gods and the world of people, Irida. The ancient Slavs believed that the rainbow drinks water from lakes, rivers and seas, which then spills onto the earth as rain. And in the Bible, the rainbow appears after the Flood, as a symbol of the union of God and mankind. The rainbow has inspired and will continue to inspire many poets, artists and photographers to create the brightest works of art. She also appears in many folk omens related to weather forecasting. For example, a high and steep rainbow portends good weather, while a low and flat one portends bad weather.

It is generally accepted that the rainbow consists of seven primary colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. It is believed that the seven colors of the rainbow were first identified by Isaac Newton, initially he designated only five (red, yellow, green, blue and purple), but then increased the number of colors to seven, which corresponds to the number of notes in the scale.

So how does a rainbow form? After rain, while small droplets of water are still held by air currents, the rays of the sun pass through them, refract, reflect and return to us at an angle of 42 degrees. As the sun's rays pass through the droplets, the light breaks down into colors ranging from red to violet. Sometimes we see not one, but two rainbows in the sky, the reason for the second, as well as the first, is the refraction and reflection of light in water droplets. Rays of sunlight have time to reflect twice from the inner surface of each droplet.

How many colors are in the rainbow?
The larger the drop of water, the brighter and richer the colors of the rainbow. Two people standing side by side cannot see exactly the same rainbow, because. the size and density of droplets in different places can be different.

But gradually the number and size of water droplets decreases, they either evaporate or fall to the ground, the rainbow loses its brightness, and then completely disappears ...

Of course, a rainbow can be seen not only after or during rain, a rainbow also forms near waterfalls, fountains, against the background of any, including an artificially created curtain of water.

The rainbow can also be seen at night, but then it will be less bright, since the moonlight is less intense than the sun, and in low light, the sensitivity of our eyes is lost, only the retinal receptors that perceive gray tones work. This phenomenon is rare, because. at night, a rainbow appears only if the moon is full and not covered by clouds, and the rain is torrential.

Sometimes a rainbow happens in winter, so there is always a chance that we will see this miracle of nature.

Literature
1. Trifonov E.D. More about the rainbow
2. Geguzin Ya.E. Who is making the rainbow?

After the rain, both adults and children peer into the sky: what if a rainbow appears? People of all ages admire this unusual phenomenon with awe and joy - bright stripes of 7 colors stretching across the entire sky along the entire horizon. In ancient times, people believed that the rainbow appears by God's will, as proof of its existence. Children think that the stripes in the sky appear out of nowhere, as if in a fairy tale. But adult readers of the portal know for sure that the appearance of a rainbow is explained by the physical laws of nature and this is just an optical illusion.

How does a rainbow appear?

Physicists, observing the refraction of light in drops of water, with mathematical precision derived equations that reveal the mechanism of formation of this natural phenomenon. Knowledge of optical laws made it possible to prove that for the appearance of a rainbow, it is important not only the presence of rainwater drops and then the appearance of the sun, standing low above the horizon, but also the position of the observer with his back to the star.

The colors of the rainbow are in the correct order. Drawing by Vasilisa Batmanova, 8 years old, specially for

The stream of sunlight, reaching the surface of the water, refracts and splits the white rays of the sun into a color spectrum, and it consists of 7 primary colors. Red, orange, yellow are warm shades, green is borderline, and blue, blue, purple are cold. This is the order in which the rainbow colors are arranged.

In this case, red is external, and purple is internal. Often the rainbow is depicted in reverse order, but this is not true. Although, the reverse order of colors is also possible - in the doubler rainbow, which is discussed below.

When it rains, a ray of the sun illuminates the raindrop and penetrates into it, refracting into the colors of the spectrum. The wall of a water drop has a dense structure, reaching which the light flux is reflected in the opposite direction. This causes even more refraction. A stream of the rainbow spectrum breaks out from the point of penetration of the sun's ray. Since the observer stands with his back to the shining Sun, and facing the rain, he sees refracted sunlight reflected by billions of drops of rainwater.


The colors of the rainbow in reverse order, characteristic of the "second" rainbow. Drawing by Margosha Batmanova, 6 years old, specially for

Sometimes in the sky you can see not one, but two rainbows at the same time. Moreover, the second is not so bright or barely visible in the sky. Her colors also consist of 7 shades, but are arranged in an inverted state: from purple to red. The appearance of a "double" is easily explained from the point of view of optics: light rays are reflected in a drop of water again - and this is where a double rainbow appears.

A person is always interested in natural phenomena that are visible, but they cannot be touched: fog, evaporation of moisture, a rainbow. They seem to be a manifestation of a miracle, something unusual, of divine origin, but in fact their occurrence is proved by science.

Ecology

In many cultures, there are legends and myths about the power of the rainbow, people dedicate works of art, music and poetry to it.

Psychologists say that people admire this natural phenomenon because the rainbow is the promise of a bright, "rainbow" future.

Technically, a rainbow occurs when light passes through water droplets in the atmosphere, and the refraction of light leads to the familiar look of a curved arch of different colors that is familiar to all of us.

Here are these and other interesting facts about the rainbow:


7 facts about the rainbow (with photo)

1. Rainbows are rarely seen at noon.

Most often, a rainbow occurs in the morning and evening. In order for a rainbow to form, sunlight must hit the raindrop at an angle of about 42 degrees. This is unlikely to happen when the Sun is higher than 42 degrees in the sky.

2. Rainbows also appear at night

Rainbows can also be seen after dark. This phenomenon is called a lunar rainbow. In this case, the rays of light are refracted by reflection from the Moon, and not directly from the Sun.

As a rule, it is less bright, since the brighter the light, the more colorful the rainbow.

3. Two people cannot see the same rainbow.

Light reflected from certain raindrops bounces off other drops from a completely different angle for each of us. This creates a different image of the rainbow.

Since two people cannot be in the same place, they cannot see the same rainbow. Moreover, even each of our eyes sees a different rainbow.

4. We can never reach the end of the rainbow

When we look at a rainbow, it seems as if it moves with us. This is because the light that forms it does so from a certain distance and angle for the observer. And this distance will always remain between us and the rainbow.

5. We can't see all the colors of the rainbow

Many of us from childhood remember a rhyme that allows you to remember the 7 classic colors of the rainbow (Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting).

Everyone is red

Hunter - orange

Wish - yellow

Know - green

Where - blue

Sitting - blue

Pheasant - purple

However, the rainbow is actually made up of over a million colors, including colors that the human eye cannot see.

6. Rainbow can be double, triple and even quadruple

We can see more than one rainbow if the light is reflected inside the droplet and separated into its constituent colors. A double rainbow appears when it happens inside the drop twice, a triple rainbow when it happens thrice, and so on.

With a quadruple rainbow, each time the beam is reflected, the light, and accordingly the rainbow, becomes paler and therefore the last two rainbows are very faintly visible.

To see such a rainbow, several factors need to coincide at once, namely a completely black cloud, and either a uniform distribution of raindrop sizes, or heavy rain.

7. You can make the rainbow disappear by yourself.

Using polarized sunglasses you can stop seeing the rainbow. This is because they are covered with a very thin layer of molecules that are arranged in vertical rows, and the light reflected from the water is polarized horizontally. This phenomenon can be seen in the video.


How to make a rainbow?

You can also make a real rainbow at home. There are several methods.

1. Method using a glass of water

Fill a glass with water and place it on a table in front of a window on a sunny day.

Place a piece of white paper on the floor.

Wet the window with hot water.

Adjust the glass and paper until you see a rainbow.

2. Method using a mirror

Place a mirror inside a glass filled with water.

The room should be dark and the walls white.

Shine a flashlight into the water, moving it until you see a rainbow.

3. CD method

Take a CD and wipe it clean so it doesn't get dusty.

Lay it on a flat surface, under a light, or in front of a window.

Look at the disk and enjoy the rainbow. You can spin the dial to see how the colors move.

4. Haze method

Use a water hose on a sunny day.

Close the opening of the hose with your finger, creating a haze

Point the hose towards the sun.

Look at the haze until you see a rainbow.

    If you count along the gradient, then there are millions and so of the primary colors in the rainbow 7, for this even a well-known proposal was invented by )

    Probably, this is known to every person and the correct answer will be: seven colors.

    Yes, we ourselves can see this perfectly, it’s only a pity that the rainbow is not much of a ballet for us with its appearance in the firmament.

    I will list the colors of the rainbow, and at the same time I will check myself.

    So the very first we have is red, then orange, the third color will be yellow, then the color of grass, or rather green, it immediately goes blue, then we are pleased with the blue color and finally the closing one is purple.

    In general, for the first time (probably) Sir Isaac Newton began to deal with this issue. And he noted only five colors: purple, red, yellow, blue and green). But then Sir Newton increased the number to seven to match the number of colors in the rainbow with the number of notes (orange and blue).

    Seven colors are the main ones in the rainbow (at least for Russian culture). But the rainbow is made up of many more colors and shades, the colors in the rainbow flow smoothly into each other, forming colors, shades, tones and semitones. No wonder for a German your question would seem incorrect. After all, the Germans believe that the colors in the rainbow are countless, or rather, there are all the colors that are there.

    But I most often see only four colors in the rainbow: blue, red, yellow and green.

    every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits - 7. I saw less, more - no!

    Only 7 can be seen with the naked eye. But with special devices, in my opinion, up to 12, but the rainbow spectrum itself is not a limited number at the edges. As far as I remember it was.

    The rainbow has 7 colors, there is such a saying, every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple. Such a sequence is called a spectrum. Rainbows can often be seen after rain.

    There are only seven colors of the rainbow, and the rest of the shades are obtained by mixing the main seven colors.

    Here are the colors:

    • red
    • orange
    • yellow
    • green
    • blue
    • blue
    • Violet.

    There is even a children's saying to better remember the colors:

    To date, it is generally accepted that there are seven primary colors in the rainbow, namely, such as (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet). But science does not stand still and who knows, maybe some new colors will be added over time, possibly in invisible ultraviolet light.

    A rainbow is a colored arc that appears in the sky every time during or after rain in the warm season, when there is sunlight and drops of moisture invisible to us, present to our eyes a magical and amazing spectacle in colors.

    And these colors from mother nature seven and call them the colors of the spectrum. First there are waves of red, orange and yellow colors, then intermediate green, then cold colors shine: blue, indigo, violet.

    Everyone knows the phrase-memory, composed of the initial letters of the name of the colors of the rainbow:

    " To every about hotnik well does h nat, G de with goes f azan.

    I always admire the rainbow and never cease to be amazed at this magical spectacle.

    It is generally accepted according to Newton that the rainbow has seven colors. These colors are also considered basic. So all the other colors that can be seen in the rainbow are the result of mixing adjacent colors, which, due to a smooth transition from one to another, and therefore they naturally cast at least five more colors.

    It is difficult to answer this question precisely, since the rainbow itself is always different. Sometimes five colors are visible, sometimes more due to different hues, and sometimes only three or four colors of the rainbow are visible in the sky.

    But since childhood, we have been taught to believe that the colors of the rainbow are seven, these are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. These colors are considered to be basic or basic, and anything more than these colors can be seen, these are just shades or variations of mixing neighboring colors with each other.

    These seven primary colors of the rainbow are well perceived and distinguished by the human eye, so there may be much more of them.

    As you know, the rainbow has seven colors. In order to easily remember what colors these are and what their order was, every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting. Accordingly, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. Total seven.

    These are the primary colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. But there are also shades.

    There are seven primary colors clearly visible to the human eye in the rainbow; they have been known to everyone since childhood.

    But between the main colors there is still a whole bunch of tint ones, but it makes no sense to count them, because they flow too smoothly one into the other.

    Every child knows from school (or even from kindergarten) that there are seven colors in the rainbow. Each (red) hunter (orange) wishes (yellow) to know (green) where the (blue) pheasant (purple) sits.

    The rainbow has 7 colors - it is into these color components that the sun's ray breaks up, passing through the succession of water droplets that are in the air after the rain that has just passed.

    In addition to the well-known saying about every hunter who wants to know where the pheasant is sitting, you can learn a rhyme to memorize colors:

    • as- red
    • once- orange
    • jean- yellow
    • Bell ringer- green
    • head- blue
    • broke- blue
    • lamp- Violet

    It is rare to observe the phenomenon of a double rainbow, when, along with a regular rainbow, its mirror image appears above it, in reverse order of colors.

    But the number of colors is preserved.

    There are only seven colors in the rainbow. I remember we were taught at school to remember a rhyme

    Since then, I remember by heart what colors and how many of them are in the rainbow. The first letters of the color are taken into the poem: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.

    You can see a rainbow after or during rain in sunny weather.

    Seven colors. And there is a reminder of this in the form of an old children's saying. Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting. In this sentence, each first letter of each word corresponds to one of the colors of the rainbow.

    Accordingly, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue violet.

    The rainbow in its appearance is an extraordinary natural phenomenon and the main feature of which is, regardless of its size and brightness, the abundance of colors. The color spectrum of the rainbow consists of seven colors visible to the eye, the number and colors themselves are perfectly remembered, or rather, they are taught very well at school with the famous saying:

    Of course, there are much more colors in the rainbow than seven, but our eyes see only the main seven colors, and not every person can see even four, but mostly five colors.

    A rainbow, of course, is a natural phenomenon, but strangely enough, humanity has learned how to call and cause and drive away the winds so create a rainbow.

A bright, cheerful, luminous rainbow has been considered a symbol of good luck and luck since ancient times. If a rainbow flashes in the sky, then the day will be happy and easy. And some even make a wish when they see this beautiful natural phenomenon in the sky. It is believed that how many colors a person sees in a rainbow, so many wishes he can make.

What is a rainbow

A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that occurs not only in the sky. In fact, this is the refraction of colors. Physicists have proven that light has a certain spectrum of hues, and the rainbow clearly demonstrates this.

It occurs due to the refraction of light in the smallest droplets of water fog or rain that float in the atmosphere. Light is reflected differently in water droplets, hence different shades appear.

Where is it seen

Rainbows can be observed not only in the sky. You can see a small rainbow if you sit next to the fountain and catch the refraction of light near the stream of water. You can see it on a white sheet of paper when you write with a transparent pen on a sunny day. Also, a rainbow can be seen through a prism, if this prism is brought to the sun's rays or to an ordinary electric light bulb.

But most often, of course, we observe it in the sky.

How many colors are in the rainbow

Science has proven that the rainbow has seven colors. This is:

  • red;
  • orange;
  • yellow;
  • green;
  • blue;
  • blue;
  • Violet.

In antiquity, there were not yet so many precise optical instruments to carefully consider how many colors the rainbow has. And the human eye can not always accurately determine the color gamut.

Aristotle, for example, singled out only three primary colors - red, yellow and green. But in Japanese culture there is no traditional green color, so the inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun believe that there are only six colors in the rainbow.

And the great mathematician Isaac Newton spent a lot of time studying the refraction of light and came to the conclusion that there are five colors in the rainbow. Then he looked at the sixth one, the orange one. This number - six - seemed to him imperfect for describing natural phenomena, so he decided to add a blue color to the rainbow, which he called "indigo".

We have 7 and they have 6

If you think that after the proven fact of scientists, how many colors are in the rainbow, all people on the planet agreed with this statement, then you are deeply mistaken. In China, for some reason, they believe that there are five colors in the rainbow - exactly the same number as the elements on the planet. Until now, in Germany, America, England, France and a number of other countries, children are told that the rainbow consists of six colors.

Why is this happening? The fact is that blue and very similar to each other, they are distinguishable only by the degree of depth. In addition, in a number of languages ​​\u200b\u200b"blue" and "blue" are called the same. In English, there is only one common word to describe these colors. Therefore, there is still such confusion as to how many colors are in the rainbow.

Easy to remember

The order of the colors in the rainbow is always the same, no matter what time of day we observe it, whether it is large or small, it stood in the sky for a long time or it flashed and went out in a few seconds. The first color is red, which gradually brightens and turns into orange. In turn, the orange becomes even lighter and turns into yellow. Yellow gradually turns green, then blue appears, which turns into a rich blue, and the last, final color of the rainbow spectrum is purple.

Remembering the order of the colors in the rainbow is quite simple. You need to learn just one mnemonic phrase - and you can easily name which flowers are in the rainbow, without hesitation. So memorize this sentence: "Every Hunter Wants to Know Where the Pheasant Sits." Simply and easily. And now you just have to take the first letter of each word and name the color of the rainbow:

  • each is red;
  • hunter - orange;
  • wishes - yellow;
  • know - green;
  • where - blue;
  • sitting - blue;
  • pheasant - purple.

It is this phrase about a hunter and a sitting pheasant that has taken root in Russian-speaking culture. Although there are several more successful suggestions that allow you to remember the rainbow spectrum. For example: "Once upon a time, Jean the City Ringer Broke a Lantern." There are also more modern interpretations: "Every Designer Wants to Know Where to Download Photoshop".

Well, it's already, as they say, choose to your taste, how to remember the location of the colors in the rainbow.

Warm or cold

A rainbow in the sky always seems bright, cheerful, lively and very warm. It shines and sparkles, and it seems that everything consists of But, nevertheless, cold tones are also present in it.

Let's see how many cold colors are in the rainbow. Everything related to blue refers to cold tones. Thus, there are three cool colors in the rainbow - blue, cyan and green. But purple, which has shades of purple, is neither warm nor cold, it is transitional.

Accordingly, there are three rainbows: red, orange and yellow.

This palette, which divides colors into warm and cold, is used by artists and painters. There are even several that divide the solar spectrum into warm, cold and intermediate shades.

Always against the sun

A rainbow always appears on the opposite side of the sun. So if you look at it, the sun will always shine from behind. Most often, a rainbow occurs in the morning or in the evening, and this also has a completely reasonable explanation from the point of view of physics. When the sun is on the horizon, the rainbow is at its fullest and largest. The higher the sun rises, the smaller the semicircle becomes. And when the luminary rises to a height of 43 degrees relative to the horizon, it is no longer possible to see the rainbow. Because the angle for the refraction of light is not suitable.

The red color of the rainbow is always located on the outside of the arc, and purple is always on the inside. But! Very often there is a double rainbow, when there are two arcs in the sky at once. So, in the second rainbow, the colors are reversed.

By the way, seeing two rainbows is considered even greater luck than one.

The number of colors in the rainbow always remains the same, but people's ideas about this beautiful optical phenomenon have changed over time. Ancient tribes, for example, divided the rainbow into two colors - dark and light.

Rainbows can be seen not only in the sun, but also after dark. Then the sun's rays begin to reflect from the moon, and a rainbow can appear.

The rainbow does not freeze in place, and two people who are in different parts of the city will see it in a completely different way. It will seem to one that it hovered over the river, and to the other that it is located directly above the new buildings. That is why when you photograph a rainbow at the same time in the same city, you get completely different pictures.

Not all people can see all seven colors of the rainbow. It depends how sharp your eyesight is. Some may see peach in the rainbow, And they don't make it up. After all, seven colors are the main classic colors. And there are really a great many shades in the rainbow, and some cannot be caught by the human eye.

The rainbow can disappear if you wear polaroid glasses. The coating of these glasses is located so that the light is refracted vertically and the person simply does not see what others see.