Names

Give a brief explanation of the meanings of the following borrowed words. Borrowed words in Russian - signs and examples. Examples of loanwords

The Russian language is rich and powerful, and this wealth is constantly growing. And often new words come from other languages. Today we will tell you about the most frequently used words of English origin in Russian. You will find that you already know more than a hundred words in English without even studying them specifically.

Let's see what concepts regarding the names of clothing items and the world of fashion have come to us from the English language.

Russian word	English word	Meaning
ivory	ivory - ivory	Ivory.
bodysuit	a body - body	Apparently the word comes from the fact that this type of clothing fits the body.
windproof	a wind - wind; proof - impenetrable	Windproof clothing, usually a jacket.
jeans	jeans - trousers made of thick cotton fabric (denim)	Once they were the clothes of gold miners, and today they find a place in the wardrobe of almost every person.
clutch	to clutch - grab, squeeze, squeeze	A small lady's handbag, which is squeezed in the hands.
leggings/leggings	leggings - leggings, leggings; a leg - leg	Fashionable glamorous leggings are now called leggings :-)
long sleeve	long - long; a sleeve	T-shirt with long sleeves.
pullover	to sweat - to sweat	It really gets hot in a sweater, so the origin of the word is quite logical.
the tuxedo	a smoking jacket - “a jacket in which they smoke”	This word has an interesting origin. Previously, "blazers in which they smoke" were home clothes. When a gentleman was going to smoke, he put on a thick jacket (a smoking jacket), which was designed to protect his clothes from the smell of smoke and falling ash. By the way, in English a tuxedo is a tuxedo or a dinner jacket, and smoking is “smoking”.
stretch	to stretch - stretch	So called elastic fabrics that stretch well. In Russian, the incorrect pronunciation of this word is also common - stretch.
heelies	a heel - heel	Sneakers with a wheel on the heel.
hoodie	a hood - hood	Hoodie.
shorts	short - short	Borrowed from English short trousers (short trousers).
shoes	shoes - shoes	So in slang they call shoes.

The cuisine of English-speaking people is hundreds of goodies and goodies, so our domestic hostesses also prepare all kinds of overseas dishes. Here are the words and dishes that enriched the Russian language thanks to English:

Russian word	English word	Meaning
jam	to jam - squeeze, crush	An analogue of our jam, only fruits are crushed, mixed so that the dish has a jelly-like consistency.
crumble	to crumble - crumble	Pie, the basis of which consists of butter-flour crumbs.
cracker	to crack - break	Crispy biscuits that break easily.
pancake	a pan - frying pan; a cake - cake, cake, pancake	American version of our pancakes.
roast beef	roast - fried; beef - beef	A piece of beef meat, usually grilled.
Hot Dog	hot - hot; a dog - dog	Let's see why the favorite dish of many was named so strange. The fact is that hot dogs came to the USA from Germany, where they were called Dachshund sandwiches (sandwich dachshund). This name was difficult to pronounce and was changed to hot dogs. But why was the dish associated with dogs in Germany? There is a version, which is defended by many historians, that in Germany, until the middle of the 20th century, dog meat was often added to sausages, so long sausages began to be called "dachshunds".
chips	chips - fried crispy potatoes	This word is interesting because in American English chips are chips, and in British it is french fries, which in American English is called French fries.
shortbread	short - fragile; bread - bread	So called crumbly shortbread cookies. The word short is used in the sense of "brittle, brittle" for dough products in which there is a high ratio of butter to flour.

English is the international language most often used in high-level business negotiations. The terminology of the business world is based on words of English origin, so if you work in the field of economics, management, marketing and finance, you already know hundreds of English words. Let's take a look at the most commonly used ones:

Russian word	English word	Meaning
outsourcing	outsourcing - attraction of resources from external sources	Transfer on a contractual basis of certain types of work to third-party specialists.
brand	a brand - brand name	A brand of goods that is very popular with customers.
broker	a broker - intermediary, agent	An individual or legal entity that acts as an intermediary in concluding transactions on the stock exchange, and also acts on behalf of its clients.
deadline	a deadline - deadline, deadline	Deadline for submission of work.
default	default - non-payment, negligence, defect	Failure to meet obligations to repay borrowed funds or pay interest on securities.
diversification	diverse - various, diverse	Development of new (various) types of activity by the enterprise. As well as the distribution of investments between various objects.
dealer	a dealer - dealer, sales agent	A company that buys goods in bulk and sells them to consumers. Also a professional participant in the securities market.
distributor	to distribute - distribute	A representative of a manufacturer who purchases goods from the manufacturer and sells them either to retailers and dealers or directly to the customer.
investor	an investor	A person or organization that invests money in projects in order to increase its capital.
crowdfunding	a crowd - crowd; funding - funding	Funding of new interesting ideas with money or other resources by a large number of people on a voluntary basis, usually done through the Internet.
leasing	to lease - to lease	A form of lending for the acquisition of fixed assets of an enterprise, in fact, it is a long-term lease with a subsequent right to purchase.
marketing	marketing - promotion in the market, market activity	Organization of production and marketing of goods / services, which is based on a study of market needs. A marketing professional is called a marketer or marketer.
management	management - management	Management of socio-economic organizations.
networking	a net - network; work - work	Establishing business contacts, creating a network of acquaintances useful for work.
know-how	to know - to know; how - how	Technology, a production secret that allows you to create a product / service in a unique way.
PR	public relations - public relations	Activities to create an attractive image of someone / something, including with the help of the media.
prime time	prime is the best part; time - time	The time when the largest audience gathers near the screens or at the radio
price list	aprice - price; a list - a list	Price list, a list of prices for goods and services of a particular company.
promoter	to promote - promote	A person who promotes a product/service on the market.
release	to release - release, publish	Release of a new product, such as a movie, music album, book, software, etc.
retailer	retail - retail sale	A legal entity that buys goods in bulk and sells them at retail.
realtor	realty - real estate	Real estate agent, mediator between buyer and seller.
startup	to start up - start the project	A newly formed company that builds its business around innovative ideas or technologies.
freelancer	a freelancer - a self-employed employee who provides his services to different companies	A person who performs temporary work (work to order).
holding	to hold - hold, own	A company that owns controlling stakes in several enterprises and thereby exercises control over them.

The vocabulary of sports fans consists almost entirely of English borrowings, so it can be said that fans not only learn sports terms, but also expand their English vocabulary. See what words from the world of sports English has given us.

Russian word	English word	Meaning
arm wrestling	an arm - hand; wrestling - wrestling	Hand fight.
basketball, volleyball, football, baseball, handball	a ball - ball; a basket - basket; a volley - volley, receiving the ball on the fly; a foot - leg; a base - base; a hand - hand	Sports with a ball.
body-building	a body - body; to build - build	Physical exercise with machines or heavy equipment to build muscle mass.
scuba diving	to dive - dive; scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) - scuba	Scuba diving.
doping	dope - drug	Prohibited drugs that invigorate the body for a short period of time.
curling	to curl - twist	A game in which you need to hit a target with a stone sliding on ice. In this case, the rounded stone is spinning.
kickboxing	a kick - kick; to box - to box	A form of boxing in which kicks are allowed.
cross	to cross - cross	Cross-country running or racing.
penalty	a penalty - punishment, fine	Free kick to the opponent's goal.
rope jumping	a rope - rope; to jump - jump	Jumping with a climbing rope from a height.
surfing	surf - surf wave	Riding on the waves on the board.
skateboard	to skate - ride; a board	Roller board.
sport	sport - sport	The word originally came from disport, meaning "entertainment, distraction from work."
start	start - departure, start	The beginning of something.
half	time - time, term	The time period of a sports game.
fitness	fitness - endurance, physical culture, form	A healthy lifestyle that includes exercise to achieve good shape.
forward	a forward - one who goes ahead of others	Attack.

In the IT field, almost all words are taken from English. We will list the most frequently used ones here, and you can read about the rest in the articles of our teachers “Ok, Google, or All about gadgets and devices in English” and “Computer basics or how to survive in cyberspace. Basic computer concepts in English".

Russian word	English word	Meaning
browser	to browse - view	Program for searching and viewing Internet resources.
viral	viral - viral	Popular, spreads among Internet users like a virus.
gamer	a game	A person who is fond of computer games.
display	a display - demonstration, display	Device for visual display of information.
driver	to drive - manage, lead	A program that provides communication between a computer's operating system and its hardware components.
click	a click	Pressing a mouse button, clicking a button or a link on a website.
community	a community	A group of people with the same interests.
login	to log in - log in	Name for authorization.
a laptop	a notebook - notebook, notebook	Portable PC.
fast	to post - publish information	Blog post or forum post.
provider	to provide - supply, provide	A company that provides access to the Internet, mobile communications.
traffic	traffic - movement, flow of information	The amount of data that passes through the server
hacker	to hack - hack, hack	A person who is good with computers and can hack various systems.
user	a user - user	Computer user.

Of course, it is difficult to place in one article all the words we have taken from the English language. Below we present some of the most frequently used borrowed concepts. We think that every person has used these words at least once in their life.

Russian word	English word	Meaning
animalism	an animal - animal	A genre in art that uses images of animals. You can often hear "animal print" about a blouse with a leopard print.
outsider	outsider - outsider, extreme	A non-specialist in any industry or a loser, as well as a team or athlete who has little chance of winning.
best-seller	best - the best; a seller - sold, hot item	The product that sells best.
blender	to blend - mix	Device for grinding and mixing products.
blockbuster	a block - quarter; to bust - blow up	A popular movie that produces the effect of an exploding bomb.
boiler	to boil - boil	Apparatus for heating water.
briefing	brief - short	Short conference.
backing vocal	backing - support; vocal - vocals	Singers who sing along to the performer.
glamor	glamor - charm, charm	Demonstrative luxury.
grant	a grant - gift, subsidy, subsidy	Funds directed to support the arts, sciences, etc.
destructive	to destroy - destroy	Devastating, unproductive, destructive.
image maker	image - image; to make - to do	A person who creates an image, an external image.
impeachment	impeachment - distrust, condemnation	The removal from power of the head of state due to any violations of the law.
camping	a camp - camp	A recreation center equipped for tourists with tents or small houses.
cool	clever - smart, dexterous, gifted	According to some reports, this slang word also has English roots.
clown	a clown - uncouth guy, jester, clown	The favorite of children in the circus (circus comedian).
crossword	cross - intersecting; a word - a word	Everyone's favorite puzzle game where words cross each other.
loser	to lose - lose, miss, fall behind	Jonah.
mainstream	the mainstream - main line, main direction	Dominant direction in any area.
parking	to park - park, park	Parking for cars.
Puzzle	a puzzle	A puzzle with many pieces.
playlist	to play - play; a list - a list	List of songs to play.
pressing	to press - press	Pressure, pressure. Often used in the sense of "psychological pressure".
rating	to rate - evaluate	Evaluation of something, the degree of popularity.
remake	a remake - remake	An updated version of an old product.
reportage	to report - report	Press release about some events.
summit	a summit	Assembly of heads of state or government at the highest level.
soundtrack	a sound - sound; a track - track	The soundtrack, usually the music from the film.
second hand	second - second; a hand - hand	Used items.
security	security - security, protection	Security service, guard.
selfie	self - self-	Self-portrait taken with the camera.
square	a square - area	Green area in the city.
speaker	to speak - speak	Someone who speaks at a conference, webinar, meeting, etc.
Test Drive	test - trial; a drive - trip	Test drive to evaluate the quality of the car.
talk show	to talk - to speak; a show - view	A show in which participants express their opinion on an issue.
tram	a tram - wagon; a way - way	Type of public transport.
thriller	a thrill - nervous trembling	A work of art that makes you feel nervous shivers and goosebumps running down your spine.
trolleybus	a trolley - roller current collector; a bus - bus, omnibus	The name came from the fact that earlier trolleybuses had roller current collectors.
tuning	tuning - tuning, adjustment	Alteration, improvement of the car.
handmade	a hand - hand; made - done	Things made by hand.
shampoo	a shampoo - washing the head	Head wash.
escalation	to escalate - rise, aggravate	Growth, enhancement of something. For example, the escalation of the conflict is the aggravation of the conflict.

We also invite you to watch a video about the words that came to Russian from English.

These are the words of English origin in Russian that we often use in our speech. Now you know their origin and also understand their true meaning. However, there are many more such borrowings from English in Russian. Do you know any words that came to us from English? Share your observations in the comments.

BORROW

Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949-1992 .

See what "BORROW" is in other dictionaries:

See must, retrieve... Synonym dictionary

Borrow, borrow, borrow, sovereign. and inconsistent. (book). Imitating, adopt (adopt), draw (draw) from somewhere. We must borrow the latest achievements of app. European technology. The plots of many European fairy tales ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

borrow- Iskon. Suf. derived from obsolete loan "loan". Wed on loan. See take. Borrow literally "borrow"... Etymological dictionary of the Russian language

borrow- Old Slavonic - loan (loan). The word appeared in Russian from Old Slavonic. It came into wide use after the thirteenth century. like a book and high. Borrow - "to borrow something for a period of time with an obligatory return." Derivatives:… … Etymological dictionary of the Russian language Semenov

Nesov. and owls. transition 1. Take, receive from anywhere (usually in debt). 2. Adopt, assimilate, imitating someone. Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

borrow- to borrow, yours, yours ... Russian spelling dictionary

borrow- (I), zai / revenge, howl, howl ... Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language

borrow- Syn: to assimilate, adopt ... Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary

Stvoyu, stvoesh; borrowed; van, a, o; St. and nsv. (St. also borrow). what. Having adopted, taking from what l. source, use, master. Z. plot, theme. Z. words from the English language. Z. experience of economically developed countries. Z. at the West ... encyclopedic Dictionary

borrow- Borrowing... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech

Books

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There are a lot of borrowed words in Russian, for example: online, bulldozer, latte, etc. The reason for this was evolution and technological progress.

Too much technology has appeared in the world, the words of the Russian language are not enough to give a name to each subject.

This article will help you learn all the most important information about the borrowed words of the Russian language.

What words are borrowed

Borrowed words are called foreign words that have fallen into the Russian language. Since ancient times, native Russian and borrowed words have been distinguished in the vocabulary of the Russian language.

The very name "Borrowed" is telling, because you can immediately understand its meaning by referring to the different forms of this word: "Borrowed", "Borrow". Those. taken from outside.

Examples of loanwords

From English:

Business is business.
A blogger is a person who keeps a video diary and posts it online.
Gameplay is the process of playing.
Price list - a list of prices for the services provided.
Parking - a place for stopping vehicles.
Diving is the process of swimming underwater.
Cupcake - cake.
Foreign - international.

From Dutch:

Apricot is an edible fruit.
Exchange is a company.
A boat is a small boat.
A sailor is a worker on a ship.
A fleet is a union of objects.

From Arabic:

Shop - warehouse.
The admiral is the master of the sea.
The robe is an outfit.

From French:

Lampshade - part of the lamp.
Apricot is an edible fruit.
Absurdity - absurdity, nonsense.
The bus is a form of public transport.

From Ancient Greek:

An atheist is a person who does not believe in God.
Comedy is entertainment.
The telephone is a device for communication at a distance.
Tragedy - misfortune, grief.
A bank is a place where money is kept.
A photo is a snapshot, a picture.

From Spanish:

Canyon is a gorge.
Machete - sword, knife.
Macho is a man.
Sambo is wrestling.

From Italian:

Vermicelli is food.
Tomato is a vegetable.
Paparazzi are annoying people.

From Latin:

- heaviness.
Oval is a geometric figure.
Incentive - motivation to achieve the goal.
Saucepan - utensils for cooking.

From Persian:

Shashlik is food fried over a fire.
A suitcase is a place to store and transport things.
Cattle - an impudent person, cattle.

From German:

A mug is a bowl.
The camp is storage.
The market is a place to trade.
Barrier - partition.
State is a state.
Apron - front scarf.

Loanword Dictionary

Words taken from another speech, another culture noticeably complement their native speech, although the Russian language is rich in synonyms and antonyms like no other. It is not always appropriate to use foreign words, although there is a tendency to replace native Russian words with foreign ones.

A person who has a rich choice of vocabulary in his native language has an undeniable advantage over others, can understand literature written more than one century ago, his speech is rich, his conversation is multifaceted, a letter or essay is read with ease and great interest.

Here are just some examples of foreign words that have analogues in Russian:

absolute (from lat.) - perfect;
topical (from lat.) - topical;
dimensions (from French) - dimensions;
debate (from French) - debate;
dialogue (from Greek) - interview;
image (from lat.) - image, appearance;
competition (from lat.) - rivalry;
adjustments (from lat.) - amendments, etc.

If you wish, you can find out detailed information about the origin and definition of the word in any etymological dictionary. Such resources are available online on many sites.

Original Russian and borrowed words - what's the difference

There are quite a few signs by which one can distinguish native Russian words from foreign ones. We bring to your attention a table where the signs of non-Russian words are collected, an explanation is given and relevant examples are given.

Table of signs of borrowed words in Russian

sign	Explanation	Examples
Letter "A" at the beginning	Russian words do not begin with this sound. The presence of this letter at the beginning distinguishes a foreign word from a Russian one.	questionnaire, paragraph, lampshade, attack, angel
Letter "E" at the beginning	This initial sound also speaks of a foreign language origin. Originally Russian words do not begin with this letter.	epoch, era, effect, exam
The letter "F" in the word	If the word begins with this sound, then this word is of non-Russian origin. This letter was created just for foreign words.	fact, forum, lantern, film, folklore
The presence of a large number of vowels in one word.	If the same sound is often repeated in a word, then this also indicates a foreign language origin of the word. Such words are most often distinguished by sound.	chieftain, caravan, drum
Combination of vowels	In foreign words, a combination of vowels is most often used.	punctuation, radio, veil

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is worth saying that a lot of the words used in the Russian language originated from different languages. Without borrowed words, Russian speech would be incomplete, it would be difficult to formulate an idea in the language.

That is why foreign words were added to the Russian language: absolute, modern, soldier, online, international, hotel, original, opposition, chips, jam, cracker, personal, passive, parking, nuance, negative, natural, radical, revision, realize, result, regression, progress, secret, service, situation, stress, structure, sphere, and so on.

BORROWING

borrowing, cf. (book). Action on verb. borrow. Borrowing words. Borrowing a theme.

|| What is borrowed. There are many borrowings from French in Russian.

Ushakov. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Ushakov. 2012

Watch value BORROWING in other dictionaries

Borrowing Wed.- 1. The process of action on the value. nesov. verb: to borrow, borrow. 2. What is borrowed is adopted.
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova

Borrowing- -I; cf.
1. to Borrow. Z. plot. Z. ideas. Z. words. Z. themes.
2. What is adopted, taken, gleaned from somewhere. foreign borrowings.
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov

Riskfree Borrowing- a loan with a predetermined interest rate of return.
Economic dictionary

Borrowing- attraction of funds for a certain period in the form of a loan.
Economic dictionary

Borrowing— Futures
transaction practiced on the LME. It consists in buying contracts with a close expiration date and selling long-term contracts.
Economic dictionary

Borrowing, Pure- see LENDING. PURE.
Economic dictionary

Target Foreign Credit (borrowing)— The form of financing projects included in the Program of State External Borrowings of the Russian Federation, which provides for the provision of funds........
Economic dictionary

Net Borrowing- excess or
lack of funding sources compared to spending on
acquisition of non-financial assets; at the level of the national economy shows ........
Economic dictionary

Borrowing Material Values From the State Reserve- - the release of material assets from the state reserve on certain conditions with the subsequent return to the state reserve of an equal number of similar ........
Law Dictionary

Municipal Loan (borrowing)- - transfer of funds to the ownership of the municipality, which it undertakes to return in the same amount with the payment of interest (fee) on the loan amount.
Law Dictionary

Borrowing- the transition of elements of one language to another as a result of the interaction of languages or the elements themselves transferred from one language to another. can be oral (reproduces ........

Borrowing Literary- in the strict sense - the use in a literary work of an artistic image or verbal turnover from another work, designed to be recognized by the reader ........
Big encyclopedic dictionary