Birthday of Fatima, daughter of the Prophet Muhammad. The murder of the only daughter of the Prophet (S) Fatima Zahra (A). Homecoming
Bogomilskaya Fatima Zahra. Work by Maria Leontyeva, 2013
| Fatima bint Muhammad (فاطمة بنت محمد) |
|
|---|---|
| Name at birth: | Fatima bint Muhammad ibn Abdullah |
| Miracles and Signs: | Fatima apparitions |
| Father: | Muhammad ibn Abdullah |
| Mother: | Khadija bint Khuwaylid |
| Spouses: | Ali ibn Abu Talib |
| Children: | Hassan, Hussein, Zaynab bint Ali, Umm Kulthum, Muhsin |
| Title: | leader of the women of Paradise |
Fatima Zahra ("fatima" - "shining") is the daughter of the Islamic anointed Muhammad, one of the incarnations of the Goddess of the Virgin Mother.
Fatima in Islam
Fatima bint Muhammad(arab. فاطمة بنت محمد ) - the youngest daughter of the prophet Muhammad, from his first wife Khadija.
Fatima is revered by Muslims as an example of piety and patience, as well as the best moral qualities.
Names
- Fatima (arab. فطم) - Protected from evil and the fire of hell
- Az-Zahra (arab. الزهرة ) - Illuminating
- Siddika (arab. صديقة ) - Truthful
- Kubra (arab. كبرى ) - Exalted
- Mubarak (arab. مباركة ) - Blessed
- Tahira (arab. طاهرة ) - Pure
- Zakiya (arab. زكية ) - Chaste
- Radia (arab. راضية ) - Satisfied with the fate predetermined by Allah
- Mardia (arab. مرضية ) - Praised
Relationship with father
Muhammad was asked: “Why do you love Fatima so much? Why do you kiss her so often? Why do you worship her?" The Prophet replied, “You don’t know who she is! This is not a human, but a heavenly being! When I was taken up to heaven and entered Paradise, Gabriel approached me from the Tuba tree and gave me its fruits, and I ate them. I ate that heavenly apple and a seed was born in me. Allah turned the fruits of paradise into waters in my heart, and when I descended to earth, my wife became pregnant with Fatima from these waters. When I kiss Fatima, I always smell the Tuba tree. Fatima is an angel born of man. Every time I want to taste heavenly aromas, I kiss Fatima.
Aisha said: “Once I asked the Prophet why he kisses Fatimah, just like drinking nectar. The Prophet replied: “On the night of my ascension to heaven, the angel Gabriel brought me into paradise and gave me an apple, I ate it. Now every time I want to taste that apple, I kiss Fatima. From her I smell the aroma of that apple ... "
Toufig Abu Elm
Fatima and her father treated each other with great love and warmth.
Birth
Tradition says: Fatima was born from the light of Al Fatir- from a special luminous body of the Divine, and is not involved in adaptive molding and sin, like the Most Holy Theotokos.
Muhammad's words about Fatima: "My beloved daughter is immaculate, immaculate and holy."
Shiites and Sufis see Fatima as a virgin.
Fatima's children
In heaven, Fatima concludes her marriage to Ali, in whom she is immaculately, virginally in love.
Fatima, like the Mother of God, did not know women's cycles and postpartum hemorrhages. Barely having given birth to children, Fatima admired in prayer to heaven.
From Islamic tradition, the hadith of Muhammad:
Shiites believe that after Fatima, who died as a martyr at the age of 28, her immaculately conceived sons also left as martyrs. What kind of descendants of Fatima, what kind of governors are we talking about?
THE CIVILIZATION OF THE PURE LIGHT AND GOOD WILL BE BUILT BY THE SPIRITUAL SUCCESSORS OF GREAT FATIMA. THEY HAVE TO POPULATE THE EARTH.
Another Islamic tradition is the Hadith of Muhammad:
Death of Fatima
Daughter of Mohammed, having left the earth as a martyr, body and soul, like the Blessed Virgin, was raptured to heaven: from the Dormition bed to the Wedding bed. Fatima's grave has not yet been found. It is known where Muhammad, his students and relatives are buried, but no one could find the grave of his beloved daughter. "The living is caught up to heaven!" - this is the conclusion reached by the mystics of Islam.
This links Fatima with the Mother of God so much that it is difficult to say how one AMDH hypostasis flows into another: Fatima Zahra into the Mother of God, Mother of God into Fatima Zahra.
The appearance of the spirit of the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad - Fatima in the 9th-10th centuries
It is noteworthy that the place of Fatima in Portugal is revered by Muslims for 1000 years. This veneration is associated with the appearance of the spirit of the beloved daughter of the Prophet Muhammad - Fatima in the 9th-10th centuries during the settlement and conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by the Arabs. Actually, the city of Fatima in Portugal was named by the Arabs in honor of this phenomenon of the spirit of a girl who called herself Fatima - the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, or was mistaken for such by the Arabs, which occurred in the vicinity of this town.
Fatima, Fatma, Patimat are variants of the name of one of the most famous women in the history of Islam, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad. Millions of Muslims today call their daughters by this name, preserving the memory of the noble Fatima. Her mother, Khadija, was 16 years older than her husband, but bore him seven children - three sons and four daughters. The boys died in infancy, all the daughters - Ruqaiya, Zeynab, Umm Kalsum and Fatima - were married off by Muhammad, but only the youngest gave the Muslims the grandchildren of the prophet.
History does not record the exact date of her birth. Although it is known that the girl was born no later than eight years before the Hijra - the migration of Muslims from Mecca to Medina, which happened in 622. The parents did not give the name of their youngest daughter by chance: that was the name of the mother of Muhammad's father and the mother of Khadija herself.
When her older sisters got married, Fatima was only five or six years old. Her parents spoiled her, especially since she was a sickly and sad child. Even when she grew up, neither Muhammad nor Khadija encouraged her to convert to Islam. However, perhaps because they did not want to repeat what happened to her daughter Ruqaiya, who converted to Islam: when her husband's clan found out about this, she was returned to her parents' house in disgrace. The custom demanded that the wife follow her husband in everything, like a thread after a needle, without showing independence in her convictions. By the way, that is why in Mecca, which was hostile to Muhammad for his preaching of a new faith, Khadija not only was not condemned for the fact that she converted to Islam, but, on the contrary, they respected it precisely for this - after all, she acted like a faithful wife.
The family life of Khadija and Mohammed was extremely happy, they lived for 20 years in mutual harmony, love and trust. The death of his wife in 619 was a great blow to Muhammad. But, as required by the same custom, the relatives immediately began to look for a new wife for him. The 30-year-old Savda, the widow of a Muslim who died in Ethiopia, where some of the followers of Muhammad moved, was considered suitable. Their life with Savda did not work out, but Muhammad, pitying the woman, left her in his house, allowing him to enjoy all the rights of a family member of the head of the Muslim community.
Soon, Aisha, the daughter of his companion Abu Bakr, appeared in the prophet's house, but she was only being prepared as the wife of Muhammad - the wedding was postponed until the bride came of age. Little Fatima was very upset by the death of her mother. It was believed that she would become the mistress of the house of Muhammad and even called her "Um Abihi", which means "mother of her father." But, apparently, this did not happen - new mistresses appeared in the house, and this was unlikely to console Fatima in her grief.
A year after the resettlement of Muslims from Mecca to Medina, two famous weddings in the history of Islam took place: Muhammad married Aisha, Fatima was married to the cousin of the prophet, a friend of her childhood games, Ali ibn Abu Talib. She was not yet sixteen then, but in Arabia of that time a girl could become a wife as early as twelve.
At these weddings there was no music, no dancing, the most modest treat - dates, olives, sheep's milk ... The Muslims were poor, but that's not even the point. It was generally a difficult period in their lives, and Muhammad demanded from his companions and from all members of the ummah - the Muslim community - self-giving and self-restraint, he strictly followed this principle himself ...
Ali and Fatima settled near the dwelling of Muhammad himself - he wanted all members of his family to be by all means next to him.
They say that at first the young people often quarreled childishly, were offended by each other - the transition from friendly games to marital relations was difficult ... Three years later, the first-born, Hassan, appeared in the family, and a year later Hussein was born.
Just at that time, there was a battle between the Muslims and the Meccans at the Badr well, and soon there was another clash with the enemies of Islam - at Mount Okhod, where the Muslims suffered considerable losses. And although everyone knew that those who died for the cause of faith would certainly stay in paradise, the families of the victims grieved for the loss. Fatima took the death of fellow believers close to her heart - after all, she knew many of them from childhood. Her husband did not like these experiences at all: Ali, on the contrary, was in high spirits, like a warrior returning from battle for a just cause. He wanted to see his wife cheerful, but she seemed to be plunged into eternal mourning.
Historians have preserved evidence that Ali wanted to acquire other wives - the laws of Islam allow a Muslim to have four wives at the same time if he is able to provide them with food, give them housing and treat everyone with equal attention. Muhammad, having learned about the intention of his son-in-law, warned him that he could bring a new wife into the house if he only divorced Fatima. For she, Muhammad said, is "a part of my body." Ali did not want to lose his place in the environment of the prophet, and Fatima remained his only wife until the end of her life. However, this did not improve the situation in the family. True, the sons pleased - noisy, restless, like all the boys in the world. But even maternal joys could not dispel the sadness that had settled in Fatima's soul forever. She, the mother of two children, endlessly yearned for her mother, whom she loved very much and lost so early.
It could be assumed that Fatima did not have her rightful place in the life of the young Muslim community building Dar ul-Islam - the House of the World of Islam, headed by her father. But it's not. A person who is responsive to someone else's misfortune, who knows how to empathize, sympathize, come to the rescue, will certainly receive recognition and gratitude from people. That was the daughter of the prophet. She helped those in need, often giving them what little she had.
After the death of her elder sister Ruqaiya, Fatima returned to mourning. The father was late for his daughter's funeral, but when he returned home, he immediately went to Fatima's chambers, and they sat together for a long time, remembering both Ruqaiya and Khadija.
Mohammed loved his grandchildren very much, and when things allowed, he played with them - in these moments Fatima was cheerful and joyful. And her father told her that a virtuous, faithful wife, possessing spiritual and bodily beauty, and a good, strong family are the most precious things in a man's life.
One day Muhammad was hosting a group of Christians from Najran. He came out to them in a wide cloak, and introducing Fatima, Ali and his grandchildren to the guests, he covered the shoulders of all four with the edges of his cloak and said: “Here is my family!” Subsequently, in Shiite literature, the Ali family began to be called "people of the cloak."
It seems that after the death of his beloved wife Khadija, the prophet did not find a new family happiness. Among his wives there was no peace and harmony. Aisha and Khavsa competed with each other. The fathers of both, Abu Bakr and Umar, were the closest associates of Muhammad, his devoted friends, but each considered herself more worthy of her husband's special attention. (By the way, it was Havse, according to legend, that Muhammad handed over his archive - those few records of revelations that were made during his lifetime, correspondence with neighboring sovereigns.) Even the prophet himself found it difficult to establish peace between women. Once, when he gave Aisha a necklace that he got as a trophy, the wives quarreled, so much so that the conflict had to be settled by influential relatives. Echoes of this event found a place in Sura 4 of the Koran “Women”, where it is said about the need to strive for harmony in the family and how difficult it is to achieve this in real life.
Fatima avoided her father's wives, did not take any part in their intrigues. But when Mohammed brought from the next campaign a young captive from the conquered fortress of Khaybar - a Jewish woman Safiya who converted to Islam and all the wives united against her, Fatima treated her cordially, helping her get used to a new life. The marriage of Muhammad and Safiya made it possible to establish peace with the inhabitants of Khaibar for all time.
When the Muslim community grew stronger economically, Muhammad found it possible to assign an annual pension to his loved ones. Fatima was given 85 sacks of grain a year - a good help for a family in which, after the first two boys, three more children appeared.
After the death of his father, Fatima faced severe trials. Mohammed did not appoint himself a successor, and a dispute about power was brewing between the Muhajirs who came with him from Mecca, and the Ansar - Medinan Muslims. But Umar reconciled everyone, reminding the faithful that it was Abu Bakr Muhammad who instructed to lead the prayer in the days of his illness. Ali, as the closest relative of the prophet, the father of his grandchildren, believed that it was he who should become the head of the community. But the Muslims swore allegiance to Abu Bakr, and then Ali, offended, locked himself in his house. Umar came to him to explain that this is not the time to quarrel, that we must unite in order to preserve the community. Ali did not let him on the threshold and locked all the doors. The guest tried to open them by force, but then Fatima came out to him and threatened that she would now remove the veil from her head in front of everyone. A Muslim woman could do this only in case of extreme danger, and then everyone rushed to her aid.
Remembering her father's instructions, she sacredly remained faithful to her husband in everything and defended the interests of her family. For these reasons, she claimed income from the Faddak oasis, which was considered the personal property of Muhammad, to which Abu Bakr - namely, he became the first caliph of the Muslims after the death of the prophet - answered her that the oasis is the property of the community, for the prophets have no other heirs except umma, do not have. Fatima broke off all relations with Abu Bakr and even on her deathbed did not want to see him.
She did not survive her father much: different sources give terms from two months to two years. Tuberculosis brought her to the grave - a disease of poverty, mental and physical exhaustion. She was at that time ... maybe 23, or maybe 33 years old - historians do not agree on this.
In Islam, it is established to dedicate the 20th day of the month of Ramadan to Fatima as the day of her birth and the third day of the month of Jumada as the day of her death.
In the last hour of Fatima, her husband Ali was not at home, but, having received the sad news, he hastened to return and buried his wife with all due honors. And soon the widower got married and forgot where the mother of his children was buried. However, here he did not formally violate the laws of Islam - the grave of a Muslim should, in the end, be razed to the ground.
In the biography of Muhammad, compiled several decades after his death, very little is said about Fatima. This is understandable: the transmitters, that is, those who recalled the life and sayings of Muhammad in different periods of his life, were mainly from the circle of Aisha, who herself claimed to be the main spiritual successor of Muhammad. But centuries passed, and the image of the daughter of the prophet in the minds of Muslims became an eternal example of embodied compassion, sacrifice, mercy. In the Islamic world, there is such an amulet: the palm of Fatima, in which she extended the last penny or date to the needy.
Fatima is especially revered by the Shiites - those who consider Ali and his descendants to be the main and only heirs of the spiritual power of the prophet in the world of Islam. It is they who call her "Um Abihi" (the mother of her father). In Shia literature, one can find stories about miracles performed by her.
Fatima is also called “Maryam al Kubra”, that is, “the elder Maryam” - as a sign of her proximity to the image of the Christian Virgin Mary (but for Muslims, the greatness of Fatima, of course, is higher), another naming of the daughter of the prophet speaks of the same proximity - “al Batul" - "virgin".
And grateful Shiites call her the "Queen of Paradise." Sometimes they are reproached for the "man-made" image of Fatima. Perhaps, in fact, the Shiites, in their enthusiastic reverence for this woman, endowed her with all the excellent properties beyond measure, but this does not detract from her true merits, and her bright and tragic image is sacredly stored in the grateful memory of the Muslim world.
The daughter of the Prophet, Fatima, is one of the most prominent female figures in Islam. She was a model of mercy, perseverance, devotion, honesty and reliability. Her virtues were praised by many, pointing to the similarity of her character with that of her father. But what else do we know about the favorite of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace? ..
1. Fatimah was the fifth child of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and Khadiji (may Allah be pleased with her)
2. She was about five years old when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) received a revelation, so that the scholars said about her: "She grew up in Islam."
3 . One of her names is Ummu Abiha("father's mother"). She was called that because she was very devoted to her father (the Prophet), was always by his side and was ready to protect him. When Uqba ibn Abi Muayt poured out the entrails of a slaughtered animal on the back of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) when he was in sujud, it was Fatimah who ran up to him and, crying, removed everything from his back. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) saw her tears and said to her: “Do not cry, my daughter, indeed, Allah will grant victory to your father.”
4. She adopted so many traits from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, once said about her: “I did not see anyone who resembled the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, so much in his manners, habits, character, standing and sitting than Fatimah ”(Tirmidhi).
5. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) loved Fatima so much that every time she entered, if he was sitting, he stood up and kissed her on the forehead.
6. The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, after the marriage of Fatimah and Ali ibn Abu Talib, sometimes took part in their lives. So, one day he came to visit them, and not seeing Ali, asked about him, to which Fatima replied that they did not get along, and Ali left the house. Upon learning of this, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) began to look for his son-in-law, and, finding him sleeping in the mosque, knocked off the dust adhering to him from the ground, and without even asking about the cause of the contention, he said: “O Ali, come with me to your house."
7. Despite their poverty, Fatima and Ali had a happy family life in which they had four children: Hasan, Hussein, Muhsin (who died very early) and Umm Kulthum.
eight . Fatima was 28 years old when her father (Prophet Muhammad) died. She went to see him when he was sick, but it was too hard for him to get up and kiss her as usual. She started crying. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to her: “Come closer to me”, wanting to say something to her.
She approached, and he said something to her, after which she began to cry. Then he said something to her again, and she laughed. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, asked her what he said to her, and Fatimah replied that for the first time he told her that he would die today, and she cried. And the second time, when he saw her crying, he said that she would be the first of his family to leave this world after him, and that she would be the leader of the women in Paradise. After that, she laughed.
9. Fatimah died six months after the death of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.
10. Ali was very worried about the death of his wife and cried a lot. He said: “No one upset me so much in this world as the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and Fatimah, which happened no later than six months after the first.”
Islam recognizes everything that really exists: hunger, alienation, the need to divorce, weakness in the face of power, oppression and suppression. “As an opposition to realism, Islam does not accept the status quo of things, but changes reality,” says Ali Shariati. “He changes the essence of things in a revolutionary way. He brings reality into line with ideals. He uses reality as a means to achieve idealistic goals, true aspirations that do not exist by themselves. In contrast to the realists, Islam does not submit to reality, but rather makes it submit to itself. Islam does not turn away from reality in the way idealists do. He creates them. He conquers them. In this way, Islam uses the basis of idealist thinking, getting its own ideology.” With this approach, independence of thought must be developed to such an extent that a clear answer will be given that does not cause deviations, leading to the overcoming of social and historical roots. Turn your face to reality! Conquer her! Go through it, achieving your ideals!.. Shariati develops the concept of Islamic social justice. In Islam, it is not enough to say to yourself: "You must not do such and such." Instead of uttering this statement, which puts a person in a rigid framework of restrictions, one must actively confront the social diseases of society. That is, if one day you say to yourself: “You should not be an oppressor!” - this will automatically mean: "You must help the oppressed!"
Shariati brings us to the heart of Shiism - to Fatima (A 1
Abbreviated form used in the meaning of "Peace be upon him (her)!" or "peace be upon them"! (ed. note)
), the beloved daughter of the Prophet Muhammad (S 2
An abbreviated form of the phrase "May Allah bless him and his family!" (ed. note)
). He gives us a description of a woman whom we cannot see, but at the same time we realize that we are daily directly connected with her spirit, that she has been chosen as a model for our today. We have an emotional attachment to its inner essence: we kind of recreate its appearance. Shariati leads us to Fatima (A). He begins his story by saying that among the customs that prevailed in the Arabian Peninsula before her birth was one in accordance with which newborn girls were buried alive, in order to avoid shame for the family due to the lack of a legitimate son heir.
This custom was abolished by the revolutionary message of Islam. God conveys in the Qur'an that the Prophet Muhammad (S) was given a full-flowing river in Paradise, through which he will receive a large offspring, despite the fact that, in accordance with the views of the Arabs of that time, a person who does not have a son was considered "cut off". How could this be? Will the daughter's father have an extensive offspring? His wife (A), being over fifty years old, gave birth to a daughter, Fatima (A). God promised the Prophet (S) that through her the offspring of the Prophet (S) would increase. Shariati says that the further glory of Islam will be associated with women. In the Kaaba, the House of God, only one woman is buried. This is Hajar, a slave, the second wife of the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and the mother of the Prophet Ismail (A).
Fatima (A) spent her life fighting against poverty and hardship. Her father (C) was forced to spend three years with his family in a deserted valley due to the use of economic and social sanctions by his tribe for preaching Islam. After migrating to Medina, her life as a married woman began, but she continued to struggle with the difficulties she had faced since childhood. We recognize Fatima (A), a little girl who defended her father (C) from the attacks of the tribal leaders. Fatima (A) was the one who, holding her father's hand, walked with Muhammad (S) to the market, heard the disputes that took place there and returned home with him. Fatimah (A), the woman of Islam, was the one who stood at the door protecting her husband and his house when the usurpers tried to burn it down. Fatima (A) told the newly elected caliph that he had angered God and His messenger (C) by not fulfilling the order of the Prophet (C), listening only to his own desires. Fatima (A) was the one who sought justice and opposed oppression with all the strength of her being, not afraid of the consequences of her words, knowing that she spoke the language of Truth. Let's take a look at her last speech. Her words will give us an opportunity to understand what she really believed in and what she did. During the illness of Fatima (A), which led to her death, the wife Muhajirs and Ansar3
Muhajirs - migrants from Mecca to Medina; Ansar - people of Medina who converted to Islam (ed. note)
They came to visit her and ask how she was feeling. Abu Bakr was elected Caliph and Ali (A) was out of work. Answering those who came, first calling on the blessing of Allah for her father Muhammad (S), she said: “Thanks to the Lord, I am alive, I have nothing, and I despise this world. I loathe his people. After trying to point them out to their enemy and not being heard, I leave him. How ugly are the points of swords when they are broken, and when the efforts of people are directed to the destruction of what has been created, the breaking of foundations, the implementation of dishonorable decisions and the creation of dangers for the sake of satisfying gross personal passions! What a terrible future they have prepared for themselves by their actions before Allah, finding eternal torment ... God said: “If the representatives of the people are full of faith and avoid evil deeds, We will give blessings to them in what they have and their land. But if they deny the Truth, they will become hostages of their own deeds. The oppressors will return the consequences of their deeds. They will not be able to change the laws of being…”; “The violator of the rights will be at a loss, and those who come after him will find and know the terrible consequences of the deeds committed by their ancestors. Thus, you must live in such a way that you are calm about your today's affairs and be at peace, otherwise storm and horror will break out. Otherwise, the blades of the oppressors, terror and tyranny will overcome you, and the oppressors will enslave you. Nothing will remain with the people, except for the smallest. They are (oppressors - approx. transl.) they will grow with the help of strength what you cherished with the help of love. From now on, you will only yearn and be unable to do anything because you were previously blind and did not see the truth.
Why did many Muslim women prefer obsolete forms of life or new ones brought from abroad? Why were they deceived? Shariati gives us the words of Imam Ali (A): “Two sides are needed for oppression to be created. One is the oppressor and the other is the one who accepts the oppression. Oppression cannot be one-sided. The oppressor cannot create oppression out of thin air. Oppression is like a piece of iron, which is forged by the blows of the hammer of the oppressor on the anvil of the oppressed.” Thus, women themselves participated in the attack on their own values, allowing themselves to be enslaved and not finding their own roots.
With the knowledge that Shariati brings to us, from our knowledge of the personality of Fatima (A) begins the understanding of duty and the acquisition of responsibility by those people who, having asked the first question: “Who am I?”, Then look for the answer in the civilization of Athens or in the geniuses of their own culture. Responsibility and duty grow through love and faith. With Fatima (A) as an example, we are learning to fight injustice and oppression. We turn from ourselves to others. We come to active influence on social ulcers, because she really existed - she is our symbol, our model, our heroine. This is a recognition of the spiritual presence of Fatima (A) and her essence, which inspires thousands of artists, poets, writers and artists. On the one hand, we learn that the Prophet (S) gave her a prayer instead of the household help she asked him for. She grew out of it. This fed her spirit and strength, her duty to God and people grew. Rumi said it best: “Physical fitness is extremely important. Nothing can be done without the union of form and essence. However, you can sow a seed that has been peeled and nothing will grow. If you sow it with the skin on, you will get a big tree.” Every craftsman knows that only by fully immersing himself in real forms, you can create something. By feeling awakened and coming to an understanding of the real identity of Fatima (A) as represented by Shariati, women were empowered to be regenerated and able to play a major role in the Islamic Revolution. They fought against oppression and injustice side by side with men. Dressed in modest clothes that Fatima (A) could wear, they overcame all obstacles to act, fight and struggle.
To the reader
The text you are reading is a lecture given by me at Husayniyya Irshad. To begin with, I would like to make a comment on the research of Professor Louis Massignon, where the personality and difficult life of Fatima (A) were considered. I wanted to address the profound revolutionary significance of the memory of her that exists in Muslim societies, as well as the role that she plays in the transformation of Islamic society. These comments were intended specifically for my university students and were used in the History of Science and Religions, the Sociology of Religion, and Islamology.
When I collected the material, I saw that in addition to the university course, much more had accumulated. I decided to answer a pertinent question about femininity, which is of the utmost importance for our society today.
Women who remain within the "traditional model" do not face the problem of self-identity, while women who adopt the new import model adapt their overseas self-identification. But in the middle between these two types of women are those who do not accept the hereditary, traditional form, but also do not lend themselves to the imposition of new forms. What should they do? What should they do?
They want to decide for themselves. They want to develop themselves. They need a model, an ideal example, a heroic personality. For them, the problem is “Who am I? What will I become? extremely sharp. Fatima (A) answers this question through her own being.
I would have to confine myself to an analytical note about the personality of Fatima (A). But I found that there are no books about her in bookstores, and thus our intellectuals know nothing about her. It became obligatory for me to compensate for this lack with a certain amount of information. Thus, the presented essay is the same lecture, but already expanded to a biographical essay based on documents and traditional sources related to this outstanding personality, which remained practically unknown or misrepresented. I specifically compiled this biography on the basis of historical documents. Having examined in detail the problem in the field of Jafarite Madhhaba4
Madhhab - legal doctrine; in a broader sense, this word can be used to characterize a particular trend in Islam (ed. note)
I used the sources of Hanifa, Hanbal, Malik and Shafi'i. From a scientific point of view, they are irrefutable.
I cannot claim that this lecture can be free from criticism. Rather, the opposite is true. Criticism is an urgent need for those whose hearts are pure, who are looking for the right path, who are ready for service, in contrast to those whose lot is hostility and slander.
Introduction
On this sacred night, it was not supposed that such a desacralized person as I would perform. I wanted to get as much out of my contact with the work of Professor Louis Massignon as possible. He was an eminent person and a scholar well versed in Islam who wrote about Fatimah (A).
I came under a very strong influence of her blessed life, as well as under the influence of the deep trace that she left in the history of Islam. Even in death, her spirit remains alive for those who seek justice and oppose oppression and discrimination in Muslim societies. She was the manifestation, the symbol of the Way, and the guiding essence of Islamic thought.
As a student, I took part in the preparation of the great work of Massignon in its early stages. The documents and sources used in it covered fourteen centuries. They were written in all languages and local dialects of the Muslim peoples. Various historical evidence and even local songs and folklore heritage were studied. I would like to summarize here the results of this work.
I said to myself: "I will offer this work here and today, since it has already been published, and the eminent person who started it has left this world, leaving it unfinished." People, unfortunately, do not know about this work. Even Europeans. This also applies to our domestic scientists, who, being intimately familiar with the views of European authors on Islam, remained in the dark about this work.
I accepted the challenge and said to myself: “I will write a paper for my students, in particular for those who attend my classes at Husayniyya Irshad. I will give them the scientific, historically reliable results of an in-depth study of this great man.
But now I see and feel that those gathered here need something else. Those who have gathered here did not come to hear a sermon or a speech. All of them, both men and women, are intellectuals, educated representatives of the current generation of our society, expressing its needs. They did not come to hear my story about Fatima (A) in order to get spiritual pleasure in this nightly meeting. They did not come to listen to a purely scientific, historical lecture. They have a newer, more necessary, more vital desire - to get an answer to an essential question that concerns our present destiny: "Who am I?".
Part one
Love and Wisdom
Who am I?
In our society, women are changing rapidly. The despotism of our time and social influence take away from the woman what she is. It loses all traditional characteristics and values until it reaches the point where it is something conceived and created by others. We see what these "others" have built. This explains why the most important and urgent question for a reasoning woman in our time is the phrase: "Who am I?" She knows very well that she cannot remain the way she was. But she does not want to put on modernist masks to replace the existing traditional ones. She wants to decide for herself. Her contemporaries choose themselves. They, with full consciousness, adorn their personalities with education and independence. They wear what they want. They show their essence. But they don't know what exactly they should be doing. They are unaware of the purpose of the true existence of the human person, which is neither a reflection of their ethnic heritage, nor an imposed artistic imitative mask. With what do they identify themselves?
This topic is followed by the next one, which follows directly from the previous one: since we are Muslims, then our women, who want to make decisions with the help of reason and make their own choices that connect them with history, religion and society, should receive their spirituality based on Islam. A woman in such a society wants to be herself. She wants to create herself. She wants to be reborn. In this new birth, she aspires to be her midwife. It does not in any way wish to be a product of the ethnic past or to adopt purely external foreign forms. She can neither remain inattentive towards Islam nor indifferent to it.
Thus, it is quite natural that this issue arises before an Islamic woman. Our people keep talking about Fatima (A).
Every year, hundreds of thousands of Muslims turn to her. In memory of her, hundreds and thousands of meetings, prayers, festivities and mourning ceremonies are held. During these events, she is praised, admired, glorified and exalted. Memories of her noble life come through the performance of unusual rites containing ritual lamentation, whose purpose is to recreate her sorrow and suffering, and curses are heard against those who humiliated her. But despite all this, the real identity of Fatima (A) remains unknown.
And yet ordinary Muslims know about it. They accept Fatima (A), her greatness and faith with all the strength of their soul. They offer their hearts to her with as much spiritual power and will as any human or human community can have.
Love and Wisdom
Any religion, school of thought or revolutionary movement is based on two elements: wisdom and love. The first of these is light, and the second is movement. One brings a general feeling and understanding, and the other brings the strength of enthusiasm and development. As Alexis Carrel said, “Wisdom is like the headlights of a car showing the way. Love is the motor that drives it." Each of these elements cannot exist without the other. A motor without light is blind, dangerous and in the hands of fate.
In every society, thought or revolutionary school, writers (honest, enlightened and responsible) indicate how to know the main direction of an idea or religion. They pave the way for the enlightenment of the people. On the other hand, the responsibility of people sets their spirit and forces in motion. They are so responsible that they make the first blow.
Movement is like a living body. His thoughts are in the minds of scientists, and his love is in the hearts of the people. If faith, sincerity, love and sacrifice are often found in society, then this is the merit of the people. But when the right understanding of ideas is at a low level (when enlightenment, logical thinking, and familiarity with the aims of a given school are minimal, when meaning, purpose, and true lines of thought are lost), scientists are responsible. Religion needs both of these elements. In religion, knowledge and feelings do not become separate realities. They are transformed into understanding and faith, embracing feelings and knowledge as a single idea of the world.
Such is Islam. More than all other religions, it is a religion of recitation of sacred texts, a struggle on the path of God, a religion of thought and love. In Islam, it is impossible to draw a line between love and faith. The Qur'an views martyrdom as the attainment of eternal life. Everything else written by people fades before him. If Muslims do not understand this, then who will be responsible?
Part two
The Family of the Prophet: What Was Their Mission?
Does the family of the Prophet (A) have any influence or is our younger generation along with the intellectuals in error? Or perhaps our fathers and mothers have lost their responsibility? The Prophet Muhammad (S) came with the purest truth, which is the most progressive ideological direction that can be manifested in the human world. This is not a myth. This is reality. Or should it become reality. It should be, but it isn't.
And his daughter Fatima (A) is a perfect example of an ideal woman who has not yet appeared. His grandchildren Hussein (A) and Zeynab (A) - brother and sister - made a profound revolution in the struggle for freedom and dignity against despotism and oppression.
The house of the Prophet Muhammad (S) is similar to the Kaaba. The descendants and heirs of Abraham (A) reside in it. It is a sign and a symbol. This is reality. The Kaaba is a building of stone, while they are human beings. The Kaaba is the place around which Muslims make their rounds, while the House of the Prophet Muhammad (S) is the destination for every heart that understands beauty, freedom, justice, love and sincerity. This is the place of arrival for those who lead the struggle, making sacrifices in the name of the life and freedom of people.
On the other hand, the palaces of the Caesars, which historians say carry culture, civilization, religion, philosophy, order, and art, are crumbling. Our educated, devoted worshipers of virtue, who have learned of the misfortunes of this family, are ready to sacrifice everything for its representatives. We are bound to them by eternal bonds. All our aspirations, thoughts and feelings are dedicated to them. Our hearts beat for them. Our eyes are filled with their grief. We sacrifice ourselves and our property along the way. We do not regret anything.
Look at these poor, hungry people showing their feelings and faith to every single member of this beloved family. What can they not do and what will they not dare for their sake?
Spending money often indicates sincerity, purity, and strength of faith. Let's take a look at all the time, donations and money the people spend for this family. We see that poverty among the people is so strong that one of the main problems of life is bread and water, baby food and medical care. And we see that even under these circumstances, more than a million ceremonies are performed in honor of the family of the Prophet (S).
If we pay attention in particular to the enormous class differentiation that exists in Islamic societies, we will see that half of the country's capital is in the hands of a few thousand people. We will see that two-thirds of the wealth belongs to 10% of the population. We will see that, contrary to the past, capital has moved from the big landowners and rural bazaar traders into the hands of new capitalists, industrialists, modern bourgeois companies and the middle class who sell foreign goods or manufacture new products themselves.
A new class has been created. It is characterized by a craving for everything foreign and modernization. He worships the West. He is not religious. If he had any inclination towards religion, it was long suppressed.
Luxury, transience, pretentiousness, and reverence for foreign influences dominate this class. And their Islam, in the words of Sayyid Qutb, is American Islam.
In order to touch your hearts and give you a reason to feel love for the family of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family, we translated this touching and sad hadith about the last moments of the life of the Lady of the women of the worlds - Fatima Zahra, peace be upon her, transmitted from the words her trusted maid Asma. After reading this story, don't forget to say salavat!
The mistress of the women of the worlds Fatima, peace be upon her, lay down on the bed located in the center of the room and turned her face towards the Kaaba. Fatima sent her daughters Zeynab and Ummah Kulthum to one of the women of the Hashim clan so that they would not see her death. The ruler of the believers, Ali, Imam Hasan and Imam Hussein, peace be upon them, were not present at this time at home.
Fatima, peace be upon her, said: “Before the death of the Messenger of Allah, Jabrail brought camphor from Paradise. The Messenger of Allah divided the camphor into three parts: one part for himself, one part for Ali and one part for me. Then Fatima said: “O Asma! At such and such a place my father left the rest of the camphor for me. Bring it and put it under my pillow." I did what she told me to. Then Fatima performed ablution (university) and said to me: “Bring me the incense that I use for prayer. And bring me the clothes that I wear when I pray.” Then she covered herself with a blanket and said to me: “Wait a little and call me. If I answer, then nothing happened. But if I do not answer, then know that I went to my father. And then call Ali without delay. When death approached, Fatima, may peace be upon her, said: “Peace to Gabriel! Peace to the Messenger of Allah! O Allah, take me to Your Messenger! O Allah, take me to a world of peace…” Then she said:
“Here is a caravan of the people of heaven: here is Jabrail, and here is the Messenger of Allah! He tells me: “Daughter! Come! What awaits you is better for you…”
Fatima opened her eyes and said: “Peace to you, O soul-taker! Hurry and don't hurt me!" Then she said: "Let my coming be to You, O Lord, and not to the fire!" Then Fatima closed her eyes, her hands fell, her legs straightened. I called her, but there was no answer. I lifted the veil from her face and saw that she had joined her father. I hugged her and began to kiss, and then said: “O Fatima! When you see the Messenger of Allah, give him greetings from Asma bint Umays.
Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them) entered the house and saw that Fatima was covered. They said: “O Asma! Why is our mother sleeping at this time?”. I replied: “O sons of the Messenger of Allah! Your mother does not sleep - she has gone to another world. Hassan and Hussein embraced their mother crying. Hasan exclaimed:
“Oh mother! Talk to me before my spirit leaves my body!"
Hussein, kissing his mother's feet, said:
“I am your son - Hussein! Talk to me before my heart breaks!"
I said to Hasan and Husayn, peace be upon them: “O sons of the Messenger of Allah! Tell your father that your mother is dead." Hasan and Hussein reached the mosque, but could not restrain themselves, sobbed loudly. Then, hearing their crying, people left the mosque and asked about its cause. They replied: "Our mother Fatima is dead!" At this time, the Commander of the Faithful was in prayer, and hearing these words, he fell down, losing consciousness. Waking up, he said:
"Who will console me, O daughter of Muhammad?"
Bihar al-anwar, vol. 43, p. 186