divination 

Children's public association of the city. Children's public associations: features of creation, history and interesting facts. Having studied the values ​​of children and adolescents as the basis for the effective functioning of children's public associations on the example of the preschool "Sobo

The problems of children's associations were studied by such theorists as A.V. Volokhov, L.V. Alieva, A.G. Kirpichnik, E.V. Titova, V.A. Lukov, I.N. Nikitin, R.A. Litvak, O.S. Korshunova, D.N. Lebedev, L.V. Kuznetsova, E.A. Dmitrienko, M.R. Miroshkina and others. An analysis of the definitions given by these authors allows us to single out three meaningful meanings of the concept of "children's public association".

From the point of view of sociology, a children's public association is considered as a type of social movement. Sociologists believe that “a social movement is a joint action of various social, demographic, ethnic groups, which are united by common goals - to change their social status; common values ​​(revolutionary or conservative, destructive or positive); a general system of norms governing and regulating the behavior of its participants; an informal leader whose role changes as the social movement develops, becomes institutionalized, and the leader achieves dominance and power” (T.V. Trukhacheva).

The transfer from the general concept of the social movement to the children's movement (association, organization) makes S.K. Buldakov. Considering the children's public association as a social institution, he defines it as "a collective socio-psychological entity that spreads in society views on the relationship between society and the individual in terms of the social functions they perform." According to S.K. Buldakov, children's public associations, being a social institution, perform the following social functions: create conditions for meeting the interests and needs of adolescents; regulate the actions of members of children's public associations within the framework of social relations; ensure the integration of the aspirations, actions and interests of individuals participating in children's public associations. As a social institution, the author believes, children's public associations are responsible for ensuring the interests of society in the upbringing of the younger generation, carried out by developing the individual's ability to social communication based on the accumulation of new knowledge and social experience.

IN AND. Prigogine identifies the following features of it: its goals are developed from within and represent a generalization of the individual goals of the participants; regulation is provided by a jointly adopted charter, the principle of election, i.e. the dependence of leadership on those led; membership in them gives satisfaction to the political, social, cultural, creative, material and other interests of the participants.

E.A. Dmitrienko considers a children's public association as a special social system, which is characterized by: semantic expediency, integrity, structure and order, hierarchy, polyfunctional interconnection of the social system and the environment; organizational plasticity and dynamism; sociality; self-regulation and self-management of the processes of life support and life of the system.

Thus, the children's movement (association, organization) is:

an objective manifestation of the regularity of the civilizational-anthropological development of human society;

the subjective social reality of the social structure, which reflected the most progressive socio-political initiative of the younger generation;

the concrete historical state of the institutional organization of children and adolescents, characterized by the presence and dynamics of various types of voluntary communities, associations, organizations, formations;

an integral part of the social movement, representing the joint actions of children and adults united in order to accumulate social experience;

one of the forms of social activity of children and adolescents;

a way for children to master the world and influence it through collective activity among peers;

the social variety of a small group functioning as a social organization; a set of coordinated joint actions of a special socio-demographic group of children, united with the help of adults in various kinds of formations in order to change their status and position in society in order to achieve their interests and rights, for self-development and education, for active participation in public life;

a way to realize the ability of children to participate in the discussion of the pressing problems of their lives and the life of society, to organize actions to improve the world around them.

A children's association is considered public if it:

is created on the initiative and on the basis of the free will of children and adults and is not a direct structural unit of a state institution, but can function on its basis and with its support, including material and financial;

carries out social and creative activities;

does not set as its (statutory) goal the receipt of profit and its distribution among the members of the association.

Various organizations, societies, clubs, unions, teams, detachments, other formations, as well as associations (federations, unions) of such associations can be classified as children's public associations.

Children's organization - an amateur, self-governing children's public association, created to implement any socially valuable idea (goal), having norms and rules governing its activities, fixed in the charter or other constituent document, a pronounced structure and a fixed membership. In the presence of these signs, regardless of the number of members (but not less than 10 people), a children's public association is recognized as an organization.

One of the basic principles of the life of children's and youth organizations is voluntariness. Voluntary association of children in an organization is possible only on the condition that they see in it the prospect of an interesting life, the possibility of satisfying their interests.

The fundamental difference between modern children's associations is their public nature. The state provides legal protection, material, financial support, but is not a founder and does not regulate their activities. Children's and youth associations acquire an independent social status.

According to the Federal Law "On State Support of Youth and Children's Public Associations" (1995), youth and children's public organizations have great social and pedagogical opportunities. Children's and youth organizations can:

create special programs to attract the attention of state bodies to their problems;

create conditions for the development of leadership and creative potential of the individual;

to attract the attention of state and municipal authorities to solving the problems of childhood, children's associations;

create bodies of children's self-government;

organize the work of children and youth aimed at helping peers and other people; prepare children and youth for social self-defence;

develop the legal culture of the individual;

to prevent antisocial behavior.

The desire of children to unite is due to a combination of social, psychological and pedagogical factors.

Man, as a social being, outside the society of his own kind, cannot develop and fulfill himself normally. Children are no exception. To protect their specific interests, to enter the sphere of social relations, children create their own associations, different in nature and areas of activity, with less or more stability.

Uniting in various groups, companies, teams, etc., children thereby combine their strengths and capabilities to achieve a specific goal in various activities. The child sees in association with other people a means of self-defense, self-determination as a person, as a member of a community of people like himself.

Children's and youth associations are a stepping stone for the entry of a developing personality into adulthood, one of the ways of socialization of an individual.

The desire for unification is also explained by a number of psychological patterns in the development of the child's personality, his age characteristics. The main ones are: the transformation of adolescent communication into an independent activity; the desire to assert oneself, to be recognized by other members of the community; the emergence of a sense of adulthood; the ability to imitate the behavior of peers and "infection" with a positive example of a significant adult; the growth of self-consciousness, the desire to be oneself; search for the meaning of life.

Children's associations have the following main functions:

developing - ensures the civil, moral formation of the child's personality, the development of his social creativity, the ability to interact with people, to put forward and achieve goals that are significant for everyone;

orientation - providing conditions for the orientation of children in the system of social, moral, cultural values;

compensatory - the creation of conditions for the realization of the needs, interests, actualization of the child's capabilities, not in demand in other communities of which he is a member, to eliminate the lack of communication and complicity.

A distinctive feature of the modern children's movement is the variability:

organizational and legal forms (associations, organizations, movements, unions, associations, leagues, commonwealths, centers, clubs, etc.);

scales and levels;

the goals and orientation of the content of the activity (patriotic, economic, environmental, pioneering, scouting, political, pacifist, religious, etc.);

organizational structures, their external design.

Thus, the essence of children's and youth associations is manifested primarily for purposes related to the upbringing and development of the child's personality on the basis of socially significant activities.

Publications

Children's public organizations: invariant and variability

Edition: Nar. education.– 2007.– No. 7.– P. 207–214

The essence of children's public organizations

It is advisable to consider the essence of children's public organizations in four planes: age, socio-pedagogical, public, organized.

The age characteristics of social organizations of adolescents are associated with belonging to the same generation and age. They are determined by the attributes of everyday life, general orientations, moods and expectations. The difference between the world of adults and the world of children is determined by the difference in the degree of social maturity, the difference in the level of full participation in the system of social relations. The space for the manifestation of the features of the children's world is culture, law and social interaction. The culture of adults is dominant, and the culture of children (teenagers) is a subculture. In legal terms, adults are capable, and children are not capable; therefore, children's public organizations are associations of groups of the population that are discriminated against in legal terms. In the social sense, an adult is focused in his activities on productivity, rationalism, and for a child, the process, the emotional state, is primarily important.

The social and pedagogical component in children's and adolescent public organizations is significantly limited in the legal aspect. The legal status of a counselor may not be higher than that of adolescents who are members of the community. A characteristic feature of children's public organizations is their autonomy in relation to the state education system.

In the public aspect, children's public organizations are amateur, they are free to change their composition, ideology, forms and methods of work, they are an example of non-profit organizations. They can potentially become a social partner of public authorities and businesses. In modern conditions, children's and teenage public organizations are forced to engage in "finraising" - the search for financial resources for the implementation of social projects. Sponsors can be state authorities, local governments, commercial structures.

In organizational terms, a children's and teenage public association has the features of any social organization. The presence of corporate values ​​and symbols that regulate the behavior of group members is essential.

Characteristic features of children's public organizations

As the first characteristic feature of children's public organizations, one should consider the voluntary entry of students into them. It is associated with the need for communication, a new social status, self-realization and self-affirmation, the desire to benefit society. The children's public organization offers him written and unwritten rules governing the behavior of adolescents and adults.

The second characteristic feature is the purpose of children's public organizations, which can be regarded as the goal that children set for themselves and as educational tasks that the adult community solves. These tasks are the components of the spiritual and value orientation towards: self-organization of voluntary joint activity, transformation of the surrounding reality, self-improvement, implementation of moral values ​​in social interaction.

The third characteristic feature is the mediation of education through collective activity, a system of business interaction, and corporate culture.

The fourth characteristic feature is connected with the specifics of the subjects of education in children's public organizations. On the one hand, the whole organization acts as a subject, on the other hand, an adult, a participant in a children's public organization, plays a significant role. The process of organizing activities in the community becomes an object of joint creativity of adolescents and adults. It is advisable to focus the activities of counselors on coaching, which means: counseling adolescents, the use of technology for developing abilities, an adult's refusal from an expert position, creating conditions for a teenager to make decisions.

Variability of forms of children's public organizations

Forms of children's organizations (associations), which are most common:

"society of amateurs" (a group of people gathered to realize similar interests); "detachment" (military formation, well-organized group, united by a romantic game); “volunteers (a group focused on serving the community); "commune" (association for solving urgent problems at the place of residence, work or study).

The key word for understanding the core of the activities of the "society of amateurs"

is a hobby. Public organization becomes a condition for successful pursuit of one's favorite business. Business relations in society are of a liberal nature, characterized by a high degree of freedom and independence.

The second common form of children's public organizations is the “volunteer group”. Volunteers, or volunteers, are people who volunteer to help those in need. The main task of such associations is deeply internal, personal. Due to the solidarity and sense of responsibility of its members, it achieves very high results in the sphere of the declared tasks. The main thing in this group is its “spirit”. "Missionaries" appreciate decency, reliability. Business relations are built on the ideological authority of leaders.

This form reflects the public children's organization "League of Young Journalists". Representatives of the League participate in festivals and competitions of film and television programs, competitions for children's and youth radio, the press, and information forums. An example of such a form of associations is the All-Russian Organization "Children's and Youth Initiatives" (DIMSI). The ideology of the organization is based on the volunteer service of youth in civil society.

The third form of organization includes the activities of the All-Russian Children's and Youth Public Movement "School of Security" and the Interregional Children's and Youth Organization for the Promotion of Military Sports and Patriotic Education "Association of Knights". In such associations, for a significant number of teenagers, joining the detachment is a test of oneself, self-affirmation and self-realization. The leading mode of existence of the detachment is initiation - a specific form of advancement in social status. Members of the association are included in such spheres of life as games, sports, knowledge. Hence the specific forms of organization of interaction: a ruler, a memory watch, a forced march.

An analysis of the program documents of numerous scout organizations allows us to attribute them to the third form as well.

The fourth form of the children's and teenage public organization "commune" is characterized by a way of jointly solving urgent problems in arranging the surrounding life. The fundamental element of the life of the commune is social design. The organization is dominated by a democratic style of interpersonal relations, adults play the role of consultants or managers of individual projects.

In its pure form, forms of children's public organizations are rare, but in each of them one can find dominants characteristic of one form or another, associations.

The initially laid down variability of the programs of children's and youth public organizations predetermines the possibility and stimulates the development of each association's own plans that meet the needs and abilities of specific children, the conditions of the association and the social environment in which these organizations operate.

Positive changes in the structure of the children's movement and the content of the activities of associations (organizations) have led to a significant expansion of the choice of educational strategies, and this is an important condition for the formation of a democratic society that ensures its integrity due to the diversity and variability of approaches, forms and methods of activity. However, the freedom that has arisen to choose a suitable organization for a child, an adolescent today manifests itself mainly as the freedom not to choose any of them. According to sociological surveys, only slightly more than 17% of children of the corresponding age are members of children's and youth public associations (organizations). In fact, the coverage of children by various forms of self-organization has fallen to a critically low level, which significantly complicates the dialogue of state and public structures with young people.

At one time, the Komsomol and the pioneer organization successfully carried out work related to the prevention of juvenile delinquency, the organization of leisure activities at the place of residence, helped the firefighting, border services, etc. As a result of perestroika, these areas almost disappeared from the field of view of new associations and organizations, becoming the object of additional concerns of state bodies and expenses from state budget funds. It should be noted that modern teenagers still experience a natural craving for various types of extracurricular activities among their peers, and more than 60% of 11-15-year-olds express a desire to be members of children's associations. There are many other facts that testify to the indispensability of the children's and youth movement as a special institution of socialization.

An analysis of modern practice makes it possible to classify children's associations according to the following criteria.

In terms of goals, objectives and content of activities, associations are distinguished:

1) focused on the socialization of the child's personality, his civil development, the harmonization of personal and social, individual and collective principles are represented primarily by associations operating on the basis of the experience and traditions of the pioneer organization);

2) social-individual orientation (mainly scout organizations);

3) related to the initial professional training of children (“Business Clubs”, “Schools of Entrepreneurs”, “Leagues of Young Journalists”, etc.);

4) children's public structures that promote patriotic, civic education (clubs of Yunarmiya members, friends of the police, etc.);

5) cultural and practical nature (on the revival of traditions, the study of the history and culture of the peoples of Russia, folk crafts);

6) fighting for the establishment of a healthy lifestyle (sports, tourism).

A decisive role in the youth and children's public association is played by the personality of an adult leader (organizer, leader, counselor). The fate of the children's association depends on his views, civic position, hobbies and professionalism (first of all, this applies to those that arise outside of schools and institutions of additional education). In this regard, adults are actually given almost complete freedom. At the same time, the role of professional educators is sharply reduced, church ministers, representatives of financial monopoly and private structures become competitors (or allies).

Registered public associations of children and youth in the Russian Federation are distributed according to an extremely wide range of statutory goals and objectives, status (international, national, interregional, municipal, etc.), profile of activity, organizational and legal form. The variety of social initiatives of children and youth, their focus on specific practical problems of people demonstrate the positive pragmatism and social optimism of the younger generations of modern Russia.

A significant place among youth and children's associations is occupied by small, temporary groups created on the initiative of children and their adult leaders for a specific purpose and activity. These are self-governing, self-organizing structures with a high level of independence.

Some children's public associations develop into organizations that are less democratic, into structures with strictly defined rights and obligations of members, a rigid hierarchy of management, age restrictions, and imitation of adult state structures. The “golden mean” is represented by numerous leisure associations available to every child: amateur clubs, studios, unions, commonwealths, leagues, in which children act mainly as active participants. The spirit of cooperation between children and adults reigns here, enthusiasm for a common cause is manifested, everything is based on mutual understanding, respect, and trust. These are genuine "oases" of children's life activity, relatively independent mini-educational systems.

According to the degree of independence, openness, democracy, they differ:

a) relatively independent associations that have the status of a legal structure and act on the basis of an agreement with other structures (state, public) as partners;

b) existing as a base for numerous adult public organizations (many of them are registered as "children's") or adult non-political movements (for example, environmental).

Historically, “there has been a relationship between the children's movement and out-of-school institutions. In our country, these two unique systems of education were born almost simultaneously. On the basis of children's amateur associations, the first state out-of-school institutions were created (in 2003 they celebrated their 85th anniversary). In turn, out-of-school institutions are the center of the children's movement (palaces, houses of pioneers and schoolchildren), its scientific and methodological base, the "forge of personnel" of the organizers, leaders of the children's. movement. What unites these forms of state and public education? Firstly, the specific area of ​​their activity is the "leisure space" of children, its pedagogically reasonable content in the interests of personal development. Secondly, the goals, content, form of activity are offered to the child (and are not at all obligatory); he is given the opportunity to choose, "trial and error", change occupations, manifest his "I" in various roles, conditions for creativity, amateur performance, establishing broad social ties with peers and adults.

The emergence of informal, often protest, organizations is associated with the youth's rejection of social and spiritual values. In the 90s. 20th century original associations of children and adolescents have appeared, preferring to escape from everyday life into a new reality created by the power of their imagination. An example of such a modern association is the Tolkinist movement, which has spread in many countries of the world. It was formed by admirers of the work of the English writer D. Tolkien, in whose works there is a specific fantasy world with its own ideology, philosophy, inhabited by hobbits, elves and other fabulous creatures. In major cities around the world and in Russia, groups of skinheads have appeared - fascist teenage gangs uniting on the basis of xenophobia, racism, nationalism and chauvinism. In the teenage environment, skinheads are perceived as modern fighters for social justice and as ideological heroes, their number is growing. Relatively new ones include anti-globalization and virtual computer youth associations.

It should be noted that in the modern children's movement, the base of legal regulation of the sphere of activity of children's public associations has been strengthened, which for the first time in the history of Russia received a legal status. The federal laws “On Public Associations” (1995), “On State Support of Youth and Children’s Public Associations” (1995), “On the Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation” (1998) defined the basic concepts of youth and children’s public associations and their approximate directions. activities. At the same time, a new protective function was singled out and fixed by law; guarantees for the creation of children's associations on the basis of educational institutions have been established; the main directions of state support for youth and children's public associations are envisaged. Measures of responsibility of executive authorities and leaders of associations for the implementation of adopted laws are determined.

At the regulatory level, the priority of youth and children's associations in state support for projects and programs aimed at the development and education of children and youth is fixed. As of the beginning of 2002, 48 organizations were included in the state support system, including 32 youth and 16 children's organizations; 20 organizations were all-Russian, 26 - interregional and 2 - international. The changes made in the procedure for holding a competition for state grants have expanded the opportunities for youth and children's associations to present their projects and programs. In general, over the past 4 years of the competition, 350 projects and programs were considered, of which 120 were recommended for state support in the amount of about 4 billion rubles.

The principles of partnership, the contractual nature of relations, the active participation of youth and public associations in the implementation of state programs and events are included in the conceptual framework for the activities of state bodies. This position at the regulatory level is presented in a number of federal laws, but its implementation is still not always effective.

Along with informal youth movements, today there are a number of children's and youth organizations and movements in the country, usually led by adults. Among the institutions of socialization, children's organizations, whose work is built, first of all, taking into account the interests of children and involves their initiative and social activity, occupy a special place.

The children's movement is an objective phenomenon, a product of social life. At a certain age, from about 9 to 15 years old, adolescents develop a need for a significant expansion of contacts and joint activities. Children strive for social activities along with adults and together with them. A kind of legislative confirmation of the existence of this phenomenon was the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), which proclaimed freedom of association and peaceful assembly as a norm for children (Article 15.1.).

Scientists note that the social activity of children and adolescents has been increasing in recent years, and the forms of its manifestation are becoming more diverse. Children and adolescents need such associations where everyone will be helped to satisfy their interests, develop their abilities, where an atmosphere of trust and respect for the personality of the child is created. All researchers note that the majority of adolescents wish to be in a children's organization, while almost 70% of them prefer to be members of an organization of interest; 47% say that an organization is needed in order to have an interesting way of spending free time; more than 30% - to better prepare for adulthood.

In Russia, children, due to the collapse of the mass pioneer and Komsomol organizations, found themselves in a social vacuum. Meanwhile, children's organizations are an integral part of society in all modern countries, they are a real variety of social movements. In addition to meeting the needs of children and adolescents in communication, joint activities of interest, these organizations also perform other social functions. They include adolescents in the life of society, serve as a means of developing social skills, protecting the interests and rights of children. Participation in children's organizations allows you to gain social experience, contributes to the formation of civic qualities necessary for life in a democratic society. It is difficult to overestimate the role of children's and adolescent public organizations in the socialization of the child's personality.

The legislative basis for the development of children's public associations is the laws of the Russian Federation "On Public Associations" and "On State Support for Youth and Children's Public Organizations" (1995). The Law of the Russian Federation "On Public Associations" (Article 7) determines that the forms of children's public associations can be children's organization, children's movement, children's fund, children's public institution.

baby movement

1. The totality of actions and activities of all children's public associations and organizations that exist in the region (region) or territorial unit (city, district)

2. One of the forms of socially active activity of children and adolescents, united by common goals and programs of a certain content orientation. For example, the children's and youth movement "Young - for the revival of St. Petersburg."

Today the children's movement in Russia is represented by:

International, federal, interregional, regional children's organizations, differing in form - unions, federations, leagues, schools, associations, etc.;

Various branches, directions, types of movement - civil, professional, socially significant and personality-oriented orientation (environmental, youth, junior, tourist and local history, mercy movement, etc.);

Amateur children's club associations that satisfy the interests, needs of children, filling their leisure time;

Socially-oriented children's public associations;

Initiatives of children from different regions of the country related to the celebration of significant historical dates: the 50th anniversary of the Victory, the 300th anniversary of the Russian fleet, the 850th anniversary of Moscow, etc.;

Temporary children's associations of participants in international, Russian, regional festivals, competitions, reviews within the framework of programs developed by SPO-FDO, FDO, "Young Russia".

Children's association

The form of the children's movement, which is characterized by the main features, characteristics of the children's movement;

A social formation in which, independently or together with adults, underage citizens voluntarily unite for joint activities that satisfy their social needs and interests.

Children's associations are public associations that include at least 2/3 (70%) of citizens under 18 years of the total number of members.

Children's public association is:

Form of social education of children;

Reasonably organized leisure time for children;

An effective means of acquiring personal life experience, independence, communication experience;

The world of play, fantasy, freedom of creativity.

A children's organization is a voluntary, conscious, amateur association of children to meet their needs, oriented towards the ideals of a democratic society.

Children's public organizations (PEOs) have a clearly defined structure, a fixed membership, norms and rules governing the activities of participants.

PEO is a voluntary association of children and adolescents, fixed by formal membership, which is built on the principles of amateur performance and organizational independence.

The tasks of the preschool educational institution are to ensure that all work with children is adequate to the new socio-economic relations; contribute to solving the most urgent problems of childhood, achieving the social well-being of each child, interacting with other social institutions, ensuring equal opportunities in the social development of children; create conditions for self-realization of the individual on the basis of an individual and differentiated approach.

Program- a document reflecting a consistent system of actions aimed at achieving a socio-pedagogical goal.

In 1991, the SPO-FDO scientific and practical center, on the basis of a program-variable approach, created the first package of programs "Children's Order of Mercy", "Vacations", "The Tree of Life", "Game is a serious matter", "Children are children", " Revival”, “Four + Three”, “Myself”, “Little Princes of the Earth”, etc.

Law- generally accepted norms that are formed in accordance with public opinion and the will of all members of the team and are recognized as mandatory for everyone (for example: The law of kindness: be kind to your neighbor, and goodness will return to you. The law of care: before demanding attention to yourself, show it to other people, etc.).

Organization leader- a person who effectively and efficiently carries out formal and informal leadership in a group (leader and leader are ambiguous concepts, because 1) the leader performs the functions of a regulator of interpersonal relations in a group; the leader regulates the official relations of the group with the social environment; 2) leadership is established spontaneously, leadership - in an organized manner; 3) the manager performs authorized actions in accordance with his job descriptions; leader's actions are informal).

Principles of device and operation

children's public associations

Self-realization;

Self-organization;

amateur performance;

Self management;

social reality;

Participating and supporting function of adults;

Increasing involvement of children in social relations.

rituals- actions performed on solemn occasions in a strictly defined sequence, brightly and positively emotionally colored.

Symbolism- a set of signs, identification signs, images that express an idea that is significant for the team, indicating belonging to an association, organization, significant event (organization motto, banner, flag, tie, badges and emblems).

Traditions - rules, norms, customs that have developed in the children's association, transmitted and preserved for a long time (traditions-norms: the laws of the team, the "eagle circle"; traditions-events).

Typology of children's associations is currently possible in terms of the direction and content of activities, forms of organization, and duration of existence. Thus, there are associations of cognitive, labor, socio-political, aesthetic and other orientations: interest clubs, military-patriotic, military-sports, tourism, local history , yunkor, economic, associations for helping the elderly and working with kids, peacekeeping and other specialized children's associations.

There are also organizations and associations that work on the basis of various values: religious children's associations, national children's organizations, scout organizations and associations, communal groups (pioneer organizations and associations).

The largest children's association is the Union of Pioneer Organizations - the Federation of Children's Organizations (SPO - FDO). It is an independent international voluntary formation, which includes amateur public associations, associations, organizations with the participation of children or in their interests.

The structure of SPO - FDO includes regional, territorial organizations in the status of republican, territorial, regional, children's associations of interest, specialized organizations and associations. Among them are the Federation of Children's Organizations "Young Russia", children's organizations of the CIS countries, regional children's organizations and associations - the children's organization of Moscow "Rainbow", the Voronezh regional organization, the children's and youth organization "Iskra" and others; organization of the republics of Russia - the children's public organization "Pioneers of Bashkiria", the children's public organization of Udmurtia "Rodniki" and other specialized organizations at various levels - the Youth Maritime League, the Union of Young Aviators, the Small Press League, the Children's Order of Mercy, the association of children's creative associations "Golden Needle " and etc.

The goals of SVE - FDO are quite pedagogical in nature:

To help the child learn and improve the world around him, develop his abilities, become a worthy citizen of his country and the world democratic community;

To provide comprehensive assistance and support to organizations - members of the Federation, to develop a children's movement of a humanistic orientation in the interests of children and society, to strengthen interethnic and international ties.

The main principles of SPO-FDO are:

Priority of the interests of the child, concern for his development and observance of his rights;

Respect for religious beliefs and national identity of children;

A combination of activities to achieve common goals and recognition of the rights of member organizations to carry out independent activities based on their own positions;

Openness for cooperation in the name of children.

The supreme body of the SPO - FDO is the Assembly. SPO - FDO - a prototype of a single humanitarian space, which is so difficult for adults to create in the CIS. Its programs testify to the nature of the activities of the SPO-FDO. To name just a few of them: "Children's Order of Mercy", "Golden Needle", "I want to do my own thing" (beginning manager), "Tree of Life", "Own voice", "Game is a serious matter", "The world will be saved by beauty" , "Scarlet Sails", "From Culture and Sports to a Healthy Lifestyle", "School of Democratic Culture" (movement of young parliamentarians), "Vacations", "Ecology and Children", "Leader" and others. More than 20 programs in total. Scout organizations operate in a number of regions of the country.

Children's associations for the duration of existence can be permanent and temporary. Typical temporary associations of children are children's summer centers, tourist groups, expedition teams, associations for holding some kind of action, etc. Temporary associations have special restorative possibilities: real conditions are created for the child's dynamic and intensive communication with peers, various opportunities for creative activity are provided. The intensity of communication and specially assigned activities allow the child to change his ideas, stereotypes, views on himself, peers, adults. In a temporary children's association, adolescents try to independently organize their lives and activities, while taking a position from a timid observer to an active organizer of the life of the association. If the process of communication and activities in the association take place in a friendly environment, attention is paid to each child, then this helps him create a positive model of behavior, contributes to emotional and psychological rehabilitation.

The school and children's public associations can and should act in concert. In life, various options for the interaction of the school with children's public associations have developed. The first option: the school and the children's association interact as two independent entities, find common interests and opportunities to satisfy them. Option two assumes that the children's organization is part of the educational system of the school, has a certain amount of autonomy.

Given the special importance of children's and youth associations for raising children, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation has developed guidelines for the heads of educational institutions and institutions of additional education on the need for extensive interaction with them (children's youth associations). It is recommended to create coordinated joint programs, projects, to form a positive public opinion about the activities of children's and youth associations, to involve the pedagogical and parent community in this. The staff of an educational institution or an institution of additional education should provide for the position of a curator of children's organizations (teacher-organizer, senior counselor, etc.), allocate premises for the work of these associations after school hours; create conditions for conducting classes and various events (gatherings, meetings, etc.); provide for joint actions, projects, activities in terms of educational work of an educational institution. All this gives the child the opportunity to choose associations of interest, move from one association to another, participate in educational programs and projects that are consonant with him, which contributes to the competitiveness of the programs of children's and youth associations and improve their quality.

It is advisable to annually discuss the results of the activities of public associations at the pedagogical councils of the school with the participation of interested parties. Such work requires appropriate qualifications, teaching staff, methodological services working in children's associations and in the education system, teachers-organizers, class teachers, educators, etc.

Questions for self-control

1. Expand the meaning of the words "out-of-class educational work", "out-of-school educational work."

2. Describe the educational possibilities of the activity, determine the requirements for it.

3. Expand the role of institutions of additional education in the upbringing of children and adolescents.

4. What is the role of children's public associations in the education of schoolchildren?

Literature:

1. Alieva L.V. Children's public associations in the educational space // Problems of school education. 1999. No. 4.

2. Andriadi I.P. Fundamentals of pedagogical skill. M., 1999. S.56-77.

3. Introduction to pedagogical activity. / A.S. Robotova, T.V. Leontieva, I.G. Shaposhnikova and others. M., 2000. P. 91-97.

4. Kan-Kalik V.A. Teacher about pedagogical communication. M., 1987. pp.96-108.

5. Pedagogy / Ed. L.P. Krivshenko. M., 2004. S.205.

6. Podlasy I.V. Pedagogy. M., 2001. Book 2.

7. Selivanov V.S. Fundamentals of general pedagogy: Theory and methods of education. / Under the editorship of V.A. Slastenina M., 2000.

8. Smirnov S.A. Pedagogy: pedagogical systems and technologies. M., 2001.

9. Stefanovskaya T.A. Pedagogy: science and art. M., 1998.

10. The colorful world of childhood. M., 2001.

Children's organizations of modern Russia

Children's organizations of modern Russia- a set of various public organizations, associations and informal communities of citizens of the Russian Federation under the age of 18 years.

Description

Modern children's organizations are different in form, structure, degree of coordination, goals, content and activities. Children's organizations can be conditionally divided into public and informal.

Children's public organizations often involve a complex structure and documentation, the development of a charter, the creation of a system of governing bodies. Public organizations include associations, federations, unions, leagues, foundations, etc. Informal organizations are called spontaneously emerging groups of children. As a rule, but not always, they stand aloof from social problems, often based on amateur interests or interest groups, entertainment preferences. There are also anti-social informal organizations, such as criminal groups, hooligan gangs, etc.

The boundaries of the concepts of "children", "teenager" and "youthful" are defined differently. In modern pedagogy and developmental psychology, researchers most often distinguish childhood (earlier, preschool, junior school) - the age from 1 year to 10-12 years, adolescence from 11-12 to 15-16 years and early adolescence from 15 to 18 years of age. However, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the constitution of the Russian Federation consider children of all citizens from birth to 18 years old - it is at 18 years old that civil adulthood begins. Since children's organizations belong to the sphere of public activity, they are subject to the legal definition of children's age - up to 18 years.

Before the revolution

At the end of the 19th century, the first children's out-of-school associations began to appear in Russia. Representatives of the intelligentsia created circles, clubs, sports grounds and summer health camps for children from poor families, many of whom did not attend school, but worked in production. By 1917 there were 17 significant children's organizations in Russia.

May Unions

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the May Unions for the Protection of Birds and Animals were active in foreign Europe, the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bcreating which was proposed by the Finnish storyteller Zakhary Topelius ( Zacharias Topelius). In Russia proper, the first May Union was organized in May 1898 in the village of Elisavetino, Pskov province, by landowner E. E. Vaganova, who had returned from the Grand Duchy of Finland.

Thanks to publications in children's magazines, a year later May Unions began to be created on the basis of many Russian schools and unite children 9-11 years old. The emblem of the union was a flying swallow. The movement of children's May unions for the protection and protection of birds after the October Revolution ceased, but the idea of ​​protecting birds was picked up by organizations of "young naturalists" (young naturalists).

Settlements

In the early 1900s, in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tomsk and other cities, the international movement of Settlements spread, settlements of cultured people among the poor (from Englishsettlement), which originated in England in the 1860s. In Moscow, the Settlement Society was organized in 1906 by teacher Stanislav Shatsky.

In 1908, the society was closed by the police for promoting socialism among children, and in 1909 it resumed work under the name "Children's Labor and Recreation". The society was engaged in the organization of additional education, children's clubs and workshops, a suburban summer labor colony "Cheerful Life".

Scouts

However, April 30, 1909 is considered to be the official founding date of the children's movement in Russia. On this day, in Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg, guards officer Oleg Pantyukhov organized the first Russian scout detachment. The Scouting movement was founded in Great Britain in 1907 by Robert Baden-Powell ( Robert Baden Powell). His scouting textbook "Young Scout" ( English « Scouting for boys» ) was published in Russia in 1908.

The scout movement became the first mass children's movement in Russia. It developed most intensively during the First World War. In the autumn of 1917, there were 50 thousand scouts in 143 cities of Russia. In 1910, Baden-Powell came to Russia and talked about the prospects of scouting with Emperor Nicholas II. The Tsarevich-heir Alexei was also a scout. In 1926, however, the Scout organizations were officially banned - they were replaced by the pioneers.

In order to educate proletarian children in the first days after the revolution of 1917, children's clubs began to be created in various cities of the country. A system of out-of-school education was born. Children's art and sports schools, stations for young naturalists and young technicians were opened. Children became active participants in many socio-political phenomena.

The emergence of the pioneers

In the autumn of 1918, the children's organization of young communists (YUK) was created, but a year later it was disbanded. In November 1921, a decision was made to create an all-Russian children's organization. Children's groups operated in Moscow for several months, during the experiment pioneer symbols and attributes were developed, the name of the new organization was adopted - detachments of young pioneers named after Spartak. On May 7, 1922, the first pioneer bonfire was held in the Sokolniki forest in Moscow.

On May 19, 1922, the II All-Russian Conference of the Russian Communist Youth Union (RKSM) decided to extend this experience to the whole country. This day became the birthday of the pioneer organization. In the spring of 1923 in Moscow, and in the summer-autumn and in other regions of the country, groups of younger children began to appear at the pioneer detachments - October. On January 21, 1924, the pioneer organization received the name of Vladimir Lenin, and from March 1926 it became an all-Union organization. From August 18 to 25, 1929, the first all-Union rally of pioneers took place in Moscow.