Income and expenses of a person. Income, expenses, consumer budget of an individual and family. An example of maintaining a family budget in Excel in our family
The problem of lack of money is relevant for most modern families. Many people literally dream of getting out of debt and starting a new financial life. In times of crisis, the burden of low wages, loans and debts affects almost all families without exception. This is why people strive to control their expenses. The point of saving expenses is not that people are greedy, but to gain financial stability and look at your budget soberly and impartially.
The benefit of controlling financial flow is obvious - it is cost reduction. The more you save, the more confidence you have in the future. The money you save can be used to create a financial cushion that will allow you to feel comfortable for a while, for example, if you are unemployed.
The main enemy on the path of financial control is laziness. People first get excited about the idea of controlling the family budget, but then quickly cool down and lose interest in their finances. To avoid this effect, you need to acquire a new habit - constantly control your expenses. The most difficult period is the first month. Then control becomes a habit, and you continue to act automatically. In addition, you will see the fruits of your “labor” immediately - your expenses will be amazingly reduced. You will personally see that some expenses were unnecessary and can be abandoned without harm to the family.
Poll: Is an Excel spreadsheet enough to control the family budget?
Accounting for family expenses and income in an Excel spreadsheet
If you are new to creating a family budget, then before using powerful and paid tools for home accounting, try maintaining your family budget in a simple Excel spreadsheet. The benefits of such a solution are obvious - you do not spend money on programs, and try your hand at controlling finances. On the other hand, if you bought the program, then this will stimulate you - since you spent money, then you need to keep records.
It is better to start drawing up a family budget in a simple table in which everything is clear to you. Over time, you can complicate and supplement it.
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Here we see three sections: income, expenses and report. In the expenses section we have introduced the above categories. Next to each category there is a cell containing the total expense for the month (the sum of all days on the right). In the “days of the month” area, daily expenses are entered. In fact, this is a complete report for the month on the expenses of your family budget. This table provides the following information: expenses for each day, for each week, for the month, as well as the total expenses for each category.
As for the formulas used in this table, they are very simple. For example, the total consumption for the “car” category is calculated using the formula =SUM(F14:AJ14). That is, this is the amount for all days on line number 14. The amount of expenses per day is calculated as follows: =SUM(F14:F25)– all numbers in column F from the 14th to the 25th line are summed up.
The “income” section is structured in a similar way. This table has categories of budget income and the amount that corresponds to it. In the “total” cell the sum of all categories ( =SUM(E5:E8)) in column E from the 5th to the 8th line. The “report” section is even simpler. The information from cells E9 and F28 is duplicated here. Balance (income minus expenses) is the difference between these cells.
Now let's make our expense table more complex. Let's introduce new columns “expense plan” and “deviation” (download the table of expenses and income). This is necessary for more accurate family budget planning. For example, you know that car costs are usually 5,000 rubles/month, and rent is 3,000 rubles/month. If we know the expenses in advance, then we can create a budget for a month or even a year.
Knowing your monthly expenses and income, you can plan large purchases. For example, family income is 70,000 rubles/month, and expenses are 50,000 rubles/month. This means that every month you can save 20,000 rubles. And in a year you will be the owner of a large sum - 240,000 rubles.
Thus, the “expense plan” and “deviation” columns are needed for long-term budget planning. If the value in the deviation column is negative (highlighted in red), then you have deviated from the plan. The deviation is calculated using the formula =F14-E14(that is, the difference between the plan and actual expenses for the category).
What if you deviate from the plan in some month? If the deviation is insignificant, then next month you should try to save on this category. For example, in our table in the category “clothing and cosmetics” there is a deviation of -3950 rubles. This means that next month it is advisable to spend 2050 rubles (6000 minus 3950) on this group of goods. Then, on average, over two months you will not have any deviation from the plan: (2050 + 9950) / 2 = 12000 / 2 = 6000.
Using our data from the expense table, we will build a cost report in the form of a chart.
We construct a report on family budget income in the same way.
The benefits of these reports are obvious. Firstly, we get a visual representation of the budget, and secondly, we can track the share of each category as a percentage. In our case, the most expensive items are “clothing and cosmetics” (19%), “food” (15%) and “credit” (15%).
Excel has ready-made templates that allow you to create the necessary tables in two clicks. If you go to the “File” menu and select “Create”, the program will offer you to create a finished project based on the existing templates. Our topic includes the following templates: “Typical Family Budget”, “Family Budget (Monthly)”, “Simple Expense Budget”, “Personal Budget”, “Semi-Monthly Home Budget”, “Monthly Student Budget”, “Personal Expenses Calculator” .
A selection of free Excel templates for budgeting
You can download ready-made Excel tables for free using these links:
The first two tables are discussed in this article. The third table is described in detail in the article about home accounting. The fourth selection is an archive containing standard templates from the Excel spreadsheet.
Try downloading and working with each table. After reviewing all the templates, you will surely find a table that is suitable specifically for your family budget.
Excel Spreadsheets vs. Home Accounting Software: What to Choose?
Each method of doing home accounting has its own advantages and disadvantages. If you have never done home accounting and have poor computer skills, then it is better to start accounting for your finances using a regular notebook. Enter all expenses and income into it in any form, and at the end of the month take a calculator and combine debits and credits.
If your level of knowledge allows you to use an Excel spreadsheet processor or a similar program, then feel free to download home budget spreadsheet templates and start accounting electronically.
When the functionality of the tables no longer suits you, you can use specialized programs. Start with the simplest software for personal accounting, and only then, when you get real experience, you can purchase a full-fledged program for a PC or smartphone. More detailed information about financial accounting programs can be found in the following articles:
The advantages of using Excel tables are obvious. This is a simple, straightforward and free solution. There is also the opportunity to gain additional skills in working with a table processor. The disadvantages include low performance, poor visibility, and limited functionality.
Specialized programs for managing a family budget have only one drawback - almost all normal software is paid. There is only one relevant question here - which program is the highest quality and cheapest? The advantages of the programs are: high performance, visual presentation of data, many reports, technical support from the developer, free updates.
If you want to try your hand at planning a family budget, but are not ready to pay money, then download for free and get down to business. If you already have experience in home accounting and want to use more advanced tools, we recommend installing a simple and inexpensive program called Housekeeper. Let's look at the basics of personal accounting using the Housekeeper.
Maintaining home accounting in the "Housekeeper" program
A detailed description of the program can be found on this page. The functionality of the "Housekeeper" is simple: there are two main sections: income and expenses.
The “Income” section is arranged in a similar way. User accounts are configured in the “Users” section. You can add any number of accounts in different currencies. For example, one account can be in rubles, the second in dollars, the third in Euros, etc. The principle of operation of the program is simple - when you add an expense transaction, the money is debited from the selected account, and when it is an income transaction, the money, on the contrary, is credited to the account.
To build a report, you need to select the report type in the “Reports” section, specify the time interval (if necessary) and click the “Build” button.
As you can see, everything is simple! The program will independently generate reports and point you to the most expensive expense items. Using reports and an expense table, you can manage your family budget more effectively.
Video on family budgeting in Excel
There are many videos on the Internet dedicated to family budget issues. The main thing is that you not only watch, read and listen, but also apply the acquired knowledge in practice. By controlling your budget, you reduce unnecessary expenses and increase savings.
Have you ever wondered why, with the same income, some families have enough for everything, while others are constantly in debt and never stop complaining about lack of money? There is no secret. You need to be able not only to earn money, but also to properly plan your family budget.
You can do this together, or you can assign responsibility to one of the spouses. We will talk about how to properly manage a family budget and control family income and expenses using a spreadsheet in Excel. We will also share some more simple ways.
Why and who needs planning?
Family life is not only new responsibilities, raising children together, but also maintaining a family budget. This moment cannot be left to chance. Psychologists believe that the financial part of family life often leads to serious disagreements and even divorce.
And it’s not about the amount of money, but about ability to discuss financial issues, decide what and where to spend and what to save for.
Maintaining a family budget will help determine the most expensive expense items, will teach you how to save.
If you dream of a family business that will be passed on to your children and then grandchildren, the family budget is in the table will help you accumulate initial capital.
By using simple and proven methods you will be able to save money for vacation, allocate funds for repairs and will never suffer from a lack of finances.
Planning a family budget will eliminate the need to take out a loan or borrow money before payday. After all, the point is not how much you earn, but how correctly you spend your money.
Why does a man ignore the woman he likes? We'll tell you about the psychology of a man's behavior in relationships.
First you need make a list of sources of income. Most often there are two of them. This is the salary of a husband and wife.
But those who do not have enough money from paycheck to paycheck are now looking for additional sources of income. This is relevant not only among men.
Women who are housewives or on maternity leave often find additional activity that brings in money. Some sew to order, some knit, and some provide tutoring services.
Men use their skills in repair work. Car enthusiasts work part-time at service stations or drive taxis. Recently it has become popular part-time job on the Internet.
Many people rent out an apartment or room, receiving another additional income. A list of sources of income has been compiled. Let's move on to expenses. Their list will be much longer. But don't rush to despair.
The main thing is not to miss anything. This will help you see the real picture and understand where most of the money you earn goes, and how you can fix it.
The list of family budget expenses will look like this:
- mandatory expenses;
- nutrition;
- self-care;
- automobile;
- self-development;
- rest;
- entertainment;
- household products;
- Unexpected expenses;
- savings for business, retirement, making dreams come true.
Let's look at each of these points. Mandatory expenses include Payment of utility services. This is rent, internet. If you took out a loan for an apartment or car, monthly payments are also included in the mandatory expenses. If you have children, then the list will be supplemented by expenses for kindergarten or school.
Food is another cost item, which you can’t do without. You can allocate a certain amount of money for groceries and make purchases 1-2 times a week. It is convenient when a menu is drawn up for the month.
This will take a lot of time, but you will immediately see how much money you need for groceries for the coming weeks. When planning this expense item, do not forget to take into account possible holidays or receptions.
A car is not only convenient, but also expensive. If mom is the chief food economist, then automobile affairs are dad's element. Men know that refueling the car is not enough. It still needs to be washed, repaired from time to time, tires changed at the end of the season, insurance and taxes to pay.
If refueling your car is required constantly, then the remaining cost items can be distributed over the year. For example, take out insurance in January, undergo a technical inspection in February, pay taxes in August, and so on.
Clothes, going to the gym, or going to a beauty salon can be considered items dedicated to self-care. There will also be medical expenses for regular medical examinations and visits to the dentist.
If illness can strike unexpectedly, then it is realistic to plan the purchase of clothes. We advise you to buy quality items, which combine well with each other. The rule that works here is less is more.
You can save money on the gym, if there is a stadium near your house. Buying a fitness machine is a good investment in your health. But practice shows that most people are more active in the company of like-minded people than at home in splendid isolation.
You shouldn’t exclude a visit to a beauty salon from your list. And we are not necessarily talking about expensive procedures. And about a basic haircut, manicure, pedicure.
Household products- this is another category in which we record expenses for household chemicals, repairs, furniture, and textiles. Powders, shampoos, shower gels can be purchased several months in advance. Taking into account previous purchases, you can afford to update furniture or change wallpaper.
Self-development- this point is important not only for schoolchildren and students. We are young while we have the desire to learn new things.
In order to achieve the desired heights at work and simply be an interesting conversationalist, an authority for your children, it is important to develop, attend courses and trainings. This also includes the purchase of new books and interesting magazines.
Surely children attend clubs or sections, for which you also need to pay monthly, study with a tutor or participate in competitions.
Recreation and entertainment- the most pleasant part of the expense. Relying on the experience of past seasons and thanks to the work of travel agencies, you can know in advance how much money you need for your vacation. Entertainment helps you relax, have a good time, get inspired, and have fun. This includes visiting a restaurant, cinema, theater, concerts and even a coffee shop.
In order not to be caught off guard by unexpected expenses, we add the “Miscellaneous” category to the list. Here we include expenses for gifts. No one is immune from unexpected incidents.
If you are planning to save money for your business or collect retirement savings, add a separate item to the list of family budget expenses. You can save a certain amount here every month.
Compilation in Excel with automatic calculation
You can write down all your income and expenses in a notepad, or you can use an Excel spreadsheet. It is very comfortable. On the screen you will see all the components of the family budget and mandatory expenses for the year, and you will be able to control the funds spent.
In order not to deal with formulas, the easiest way is to download a ready-made table and add your own expense items, deepen and detail it if necessary.
Excel already has ready-made templates for keeping records of the family budget. To choose the right one:
- Open the Excel table.
- In the upper left corner, select the “Create” command.
- Go to the “Budgets” category.
- Select “Family Budgets”.
In fact, all templates work on the same principle, but differ in design. Planned costs are set at the beginning of the month, actual costs are set at the end. You will see the difference in a separate column. In addition to the amount, there is also an icon that will show whether you met the planned budget or not.
It is better to fill out the table regularly, for example, at the end of each day. Cells with large amounts can be painted in a bright color so that at the end of the month you can see what the largest expenses are associated with.
A few more tips on how to properly plan a family budget, calculate income and expenses and distribute them over the month using a table, as well as a detailed diagram for calculating it, can be found in this video lesson:
Controlling finances you will not need to borrow, you will always find the means to relax with your family, and unforeseen situations will not take you by surprise. Keeping a budget is not only convenient, but also beneficial for the whole family.
Today we have to figure out how to spend money correctly. This topic interests citizens of all countries. And all the time. After all, money is a means of subsistence. And they must provide citizens as much as possible. Not everyone knows how to manage them correctly. And even more so how to postpone it. When you have your own family and children, issues related to finances become seriously aggravated. To prevent this from happening, you just need to know how to spend money. How to learn this? What will help you save and manage your family budget? The best tips and tricks will be presented below. All of the above is not a panacea, but it will help you avoid wasting money. In some cases, this will allow you to spend less and save more, without compromising yourself on your purchases.
Family budget - an eternal dispute
Managing a family budget is a real art that not everyone can master. But it is recommended for every person to master it, or at least try to do it. If done correctly, problems are not terrible. They simply won't exist. Except in cases where wages are delayed. And then the scale of the problems will be minimal.
A very good way to save and create savings. Many, as already mentioned, are recommended to open a bank account and transfer money there. This will help you not to touch the funds and preserve them. In any case, it must be difficult to access. Only in emergency situations is it allowed to spend these savings.
Plan and facts
How to spend money in a family? For those who have already mastered the previously listed methods, you can slightly expand the table of income and expenses. And add to it such components as “plan” and “in fact”.
In the first column, you must indicate in advance what expenses are planned and for what amount. The second contains information about real expenses. Quite an interesting way of planning “free money”. It is recommended to reduce the “actual” column monthly. Exactly the same as the “plan” section. Of course, taking into account the fact that a decrease in these indicators does not harm the life and well-being of the family.
"No" to loans
How to spend less money? Some people believe that loans are a good way to save money. In fact, most citizens who have learned to live within their means and also save well say the opposite.
Taking out loans when planning a budget is not recommended. But there is no need to exclude them from the pivot table if they exist. Lack of loans is a positive prospect. If a person has no debts, then the previously paid amount can be put aside for a rainy day.
Personal needs
How to spend money correctly? Some people don't understand this. If we are talking about one person, then there are no special problems with budget planning. But as soon as a family appears, as already mentioned, certain difficulties arise.
The point is that everyone has personal needs. What every person wants for himself personally. While learning to plan and maintain home accounting, you need to put your desires into the background.
By the way, it is recommended to distribute all “free” money at the end of the month among family members for personal needs. Or enter separate columns in the expense and income accounting table for this purpose. Allocate a fixed amount of money to everyone for their wishes.
Example
This is how to properly manage a family budget. The table example below is not the most advanced method. Rather, it is suitable for beginners. Through it, you can easily learn how to distribute finances so as not to fall into a financial hole.
An approximate table of expenses and income looks like this.
| Article | Plan | Fact | Difference |
| Income | 50 000 | 50 000 | 0 |
| Products | 10 000 | 11 500 | -1 500 |
| Communal payments | 5 000 | 4 500 | 500 |
| Household chemicals | 1 000 | 0 | 1 000 |
| Personal needs | 5 000 | 8 000 | -3 000 |
| Directions | 10 000 | 7 000 | 3 000 |
| Bottom line | 31 000 | 31 000 | 0 |
| Postponed | 5 000 | 5 000 | 0 |
This, as already mentioned, is far from the most common option for cost accounting. But it helps at first. In general, planning a home budget is a crucial moment. And it is recommended to entrust this activity to those who are best at it. With a little patience and strength, you can easily learn how to distribute money and save well.
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Standard of living and its quality. A general idea of the conditions in which people live and how satisfied they are with them can be called quality of life. The quality of life covers and characterizes the entire range of its quality, extends to all its aspects, reflects people’s satisfaction with the material and spiritual benefits provided to them, reflects security, comfort, convenience of life, as well as conditions, their adaptability to modern times. requirements, painlessness and life expectancy. The concept of “quality of life” is not usually expressed in numbers.
Concept standard of living to a greater extent har-et quantity. measures of people's well-being and, most often, char-Xia quantity. number indicators.
Main indicators of living standards.
1. Strategy and level of consumption main. types of goods and services in kind. expressed per 1 person, provision of living space, furniture, durable goods. use, cultural and household items. appointments and household everyday life. How well is the population provided with schools, kindergartens, etc.? To understand how well this level meets people's needs, it is compared with the recommendations of nutritional science. It is recommended to consume bread and potatoes per person. – 80kg per year. Vegetables - 150 kg, fruits - 70 - 80 kg, meat - 60 -70 kg.
2. Den. income of the population per 1 person. or family. Typically, monthly income is measured, and it must be greater than the subsistence level, calculated based on each person’s consumption of the minimum necessary set of goods and services, called consumer basket.
3. Along with monetary income, the standard of living is influenced by societies. benefits or societies. consumption funds, which include goods and services provided to the state population free of charge or for a limited fee, either in kind or in the form of special services. payments
4. Property and monetary savings.
5. Infant and general mortality, morbidity rates and average life expectancy.
6. As a determining indicator of the level and quality of life, consider the number of vacancies. time, cat a person has the right to use it at his own choice and discretion.
7. You can judge people’s standard of living by their current consumption. income and prices. The higher the income, the more goods, goods and services a consumer can purchase with his income.
Income, expenses, consumer budget of an individual and family.
Consumer budget called table in which money is compared. income and expenses of an individual or family. Based on such a table, a judgment is formed about the correspondence of income and expenses, and conclusions are drawn about the need to change them to achieve balance.
Real consumer budget reflects the real income of families, calculated per month or year. R.p.b. is built on the basis of demand, study, analysis, income and consumption statistics dept. rep. groups. population. We use the survey method for compost. real will consume budget.
Diet. consumption budget– theoretically build an ideal budget, where expenses. part is formed based on the rational consumption standards. R.p.b. – a social-economic tool. analysis and the goal to strive for.
In difficult conditions econ. situations to reduce the standard of living. min. will consume budget. In such a b. The expenditure part is compiled on the basis of life. required goods. Taking into account real prices def-xia total den. the amount of income required to cover these expenses. Establishment lived minimum in rubles, as a show. standard of living. When compiling personal and family consumer budgets take into account the main items of income and expenses. Income: salary, pensions, scholarships, benefit payments, income. from personal utility room households, welfare help. Expenses: food, clothing, rent and living expenses. services, cult. needs.
Along with the balances of income and expenses at level. life is influenced by the management of income and consumption and income differentiation. The relationship between living standards, consumption and value. income is called consumption f: C = MPC* Y, where C is the amount of consumption; MPC – propensity to consume (in the form of coefficient K = 0.75); Y – income.
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Propensity to consume– the ratio of the increase in consumption to the increase in income. This tendency to waste is expressed in nature. quantities. If the f-i has the form of a curve, then the MRS decreases and manifests itself. the desire to increase the share of funds going towards accumulation as income grows. If f-i has the form of a straight line, then the MRS is constant.
Income is distributed unevenly among different people and families, i.e. occurs income differentiation. During the transition from centralization. economy to market. similar differential region tendency to deepen. Therefore, government intervention is necessary to regulate these trends.