Auto zil 130 engine. Overview of basic and serial modifications

Engine and engine mechanisms ZIL-130

The ZIL-130 engine is a V-shaped, eight-cylinder, four-stroke, carburetor, liquid-cooled.

The engine block is made of cast iron, with gray cast iron wet liners, with an acid-resistant insert in the upper part. To seal the upper part of the liner, the collar of the liner is clamped between the block and the head of the block with an asbestos gasket, the lower part is sealed with two rubber rings.

Cylinder heads - made of aluminum alloy, with plug-in seats and valve guides. Between the block and the heads are installed gaskets made of asbestos sheet. Each block head is attached to the cylinder block with seventeen bolts. The holes in the cylinder block for the bolts are countersunk. It should be remembered that the four bolts of the rocker shaft are also the bolts of the cylinder head and are included in the above seventeen bolts.

The bolts for fastening the heads to the block must be tightened with a special torque wrench that allows you to control the tightening torque, since the aluminum head of the block increases in height when heated more than the steel bolts that fasten it. When the engine warms up, the tightening of the heads of the block increases, when it cools, it decreases, so the head bolts must be tightened on a cold engine. The tightening torque should be 90-110 N m (9-11 kgf m), and at an engine temperature of about 0 ° C, the bolt tightening torque should be closer to the lower limit of 90 N m (9 kgf m), and at temperatures from + 20 to + 25 ° С - closer to the upper limit of 110 N m (11 kgf m). It is forbidden to tighten the cylinder head bolts at a temperature

Rice. 1. Longitudinal

Piston pins - floating, are fixed in the piston by two locking rings. The pins are made with high precision and matched to the pistons and connecting rods, sorted into four groups according to the outer diameter. The designation of the group is applied with paint on the piston - on the inner surface (on one of the bosses), on the connecting rod -. on the outer cylindrical surface of the small head, on the finger - on the inner surface.

When assembling, the pin, piston and connecting rod are assembled from parts of only one group. To avoid scuffing on mating surfaces, the assembly of the pin with the piston should be carried out when the piston is heated to a temperature of 55 ° C. It is necessary to heat the pistons only in liquid and clean oil.

Piston rings are installed four on each piston: three compression and one oil scraper. The two upper compression rings are chrome-plated on the outer cylindrical surface.

Rice. 2. Cross section of the engine: 1- oil pump; 2 - cylinder block; 3 - piston; 4 - block head gasket; 5 - outlet gas pipeline; b - block head cover; 7 - rocker; 8 - block head; 9 - rocker bar; 10 - centrifugal oil filter; 11 - carburetor; 12 - ignition distributor drive; 13 - inlet pipeline; 14 - ignition distributor; 15 - oil level indicator; 16 - candle; 17 - shield of candles; 18 - pusher; 19 - starter current; 20 - starter; 21 - oil pan; 22 - oil receiver

Rice. 3. The sequence of tightening the cylinder head bolts

The outer surface of the lower compression ring is made conical; the larger base of the cone faces down. Compression rings are installed so that the undercut on the inner cylindrical surface of the rings faces upwards, as shown in Fig. 4. The oil scraper ring consists of two flat steel rings and two expanders - axial and radial.

When installing the piston in the engine cylinder, flat annular disks must be installed so that their locks are located at an angle of 180 ° to one another. In this case, the locks of the axial and radial expanders should be located (each) at an angle of 120” to them.

Piston rings in the free state have a complex shape that allows for the most favorable distribution of ring pressure on the liner wall, which increases the life of the ring. When installing the rings on the piston, their joints (locks) must be located at an angle of 90 ° to one another. The design and manufacturing technology of piston rings of ZIL engines, with timely maintenance of the car, ensure the operation of the engine until its overhaul without changing rings. Premature unreasonable change of piston rings leads to a reduction in the life of the Engine. Before deciding to replace the piston rings or hand over the engine for a major overhaul, it is necessary to eliminate all external oil leaks, flush the filter of the crankcase ventilation system, and also clean the tube and valve from deposits and monitor the oil consumption.

If it is necessary to replace piston rings or send the engine for overhaul, use special diagnostic equipment (compressometer, K69-A device, etc.).

To increase the service life of the engine, use the grades of fuel and engine oil recommended by the manual, wash the filter elements of the air filter and the crankcase ventilation filter in a timely manner, and also clean the pipe, crankcase ventilation valve, centrifugal oil cleaner.

Connecting rods - steel, I-section. Steel-aluminum thin-walled liners 21o! O22 mm thick are installed in the lower head of the connecting rod. A bronze bushing is pressed into the upper head of the connecting rod.

The bushings are made with high precision and do not require scraping, sawing joints or the use of gaskets during installation. These operations with thin-walled liners are not allowed.

When installing a piston and connecting rod assembly to the engine, the arrow on the bottom must always point towards the front end of the crankshaft. In the kit piston - connecting rod assembly, designed for the left group of cylinders, the mark 11 on the rod of the connecting rod and the arrow 8 on the piston bottom must face in one direction, and in the kit for the right group of cylinders - in different directions.

It is necessary to tighten the nuts of the connecting rod bolts with a torque wrench; the tightening torque is 56-62 Nm (5.6-6.2 kgf-m). It is necessary to check and, if necessary, tighten the nuts of the connecting rod bolts each time the oil pan is removed.

The crankshaft is steel, with hardened necks, five-bearing, with lubrication channels (Fig. 5) and cavities for oil cleaning. The cavities are closed with plugs with a turnkey internal hexagon. The tightening torque of the plugs must be at least 30 N-m (3 kgf-m). The plug may protrude from the shaft no more than the height of the chamfer. The cavities should be cleaned after 100,000 km of run, when replacing connecting rod and main bearings, as well as when repairing the engine.

Rice. 4. Piston with connecting rod: 1 - an annular disk of the oil scraper ring; 2 - axial expander; 3 - radial expander; 4 - lower and middle compression rings; 5 - top compression ring; 6 - retaining ring; 7 - piston pin; 8 - arrow on the piston bottom; 9 - piston; 10 - connecting rod; 11 - mark on the rod of the connecting rod; 12 - boss on the connecting rod cap

Rice. 5. Crankshaft: 1 - counterweight; 2 - prsbka; 3 - cavity for centrifugal oil cleaning

The main bearing cap bolts must be tightened with a torque wrench. The tightening torque should be equal to 110-113 N m (11-13 kgf m). It is necessary to check and, if necessary, tighten the bolts of the main bearing caps each time the oil pan is removed. When the connecting rod or main bearing shells are worn out, it is imperative to replace both halves of the shells at the same time. Two steel-aluminum thrust washers in the form of two half rings are installed on the front main journal in the groove of the cylinder block, protecting the shaft from axial movements,

The crankshaft is dynamically balanced with the flywheel and clutch. The tightening torque of the flywheel mounting bolts on the crankshaft flange should be 140-150 N m (14-15 kgf m).

The flywheel is cast iron, with a steel ring gear for starting the engine from the starter, attached to the flange of the rear end of the crankshaft with six bolts. When assembling the flywheel with the crankshaft, it must be borne in mind that one of the flywheel mounting holes is offset by 2 °. When attaching the flywheel to the crankshaft flange, tighten the nuts evenly. It is necessary to monitor the accuracy of the cotter pins of the flywheel mounting bolts. The cotter pin should fit snugly around the end of the bolt.

The camshaft is steel, with hardened cams and the ignition distributor drive gear, driven by a pair of gears. The camshaft is mounted on five bearings, equipped with bushings made of bimetallic tape. For the correct mutual installation of the gears of the crankshaft and camshaft, you need to put them so that the marks are on the same straight line connecting the centers.

Valves - upper, located in the cylinder head in one row, obliquely to the axis of the cylinders, driven from the camshaft through rods, pushers and rocker arms. Valves are made of heat-resistant steel; angle of the working chamfer of the inlet valve seat 30°, outlet 45°; the exhaust valve stem has a hole filled with sodium.

Rice. 6. The position of the marks on the gears when installing the valve timing

Exhaust valves are forcibly rotated during engine operation by a special mechanism to increase their service life. The mechanism for turning the exhaust valve is shown in fig. 7.

When knocking occurs in the valve mechanism, it is necessary to check and, if necessary, adjust the gaps between the valves and rocker arms, which should be within 0.25-0.3 mm (for intake and exhaust valves). Adjusting the clearances in the valve mechanism is carried out on a cold engine with an adjusting screw with a lock nut located in the short arm of the rocker arm.

To adjust the clearance in the valve mechanism, you need to set the piston of the first cylinder to top dead center (TDC) of the compression stroke. In this case, the hole on the crankshaft pulley should be under the “TDC” mark on the ignition timing indicator located on the crankshaft speed limiter sensor.

Rice. 7. Mechanism for turning the exhaust valve: 1 - valve; 2 - fixed body; 3 - ball; 4 - thrust washer; 5 - lock ring; 6 - valve spring; 7 - valve spring plate; 8 - valve cracker; 9 - disk spring of the mechanism; 10 - return spring; 11 - filler; 12 - surfacing; 13 - plug

Prolonged operation of the engine with incorrect clearances can lead to premature wear of valve train parts, burning of valves, wear of rocker arms, bearing surfaces of pushers and camshaft cams.

With any disassembly of an engine that has traveled more than 70 thousand km, it is necessary to check the condition of the return springs and balls of the mechanism for turning the exhaust valve.

If signs of wear are found on the coils of the spring, the spring must be turned with the worn section down. When assembling the mechanism for turning the valve, attention must be paid to the correct installation of balls and springs; the springs must be positioned behind the ball in relation to the chosen direction of rotation.

Valve tappets - steel, hollow. To increase the reliability of the cam-pusher pair, special cast iron is deposited on the end face of the pusher. Lubrication holes are drilled in the lower part of the pusher.

The inlet pipeline - made of aluminum alloy, common to both rows of cylinders, is located between the heads of the block and is equipped with a liquid cavity for heating the mixture. The tightening torque of the nuts securing the intake manifold to the cylinder head must be within 15-20 Nm (1.5-2 kgf-m). Nuts must be tightened evenly, sequentially, crosswise.

Exhaust gas pipelines - cast iron, one on each side of the block.

To category: - ZIL cars

By the beginning of the fifties, the ZIS-150, the development of which began in the pre-war period, was obsolete. ZIL-164, the serial production of which began in 1957, turned out to be only a temporary solution. In fact, it was a deep modernization of the same 150th model. The state needed a completely new car. The first prototypes of the ZIL-130 with a carrying capacity of four tons were built at the end of 1956. An in-line six-cylinder ZIL-120 engine, familiar from the previous model, was installed under the hood. But soon this motor was abandoned in favor of a new unit. The six-liter V8 engine produced 150 hp. The compression ratio was only 6.5 units, but the engine could run on 72nd gasoline. It took six years to fine-tune and test the car, and the first experimental batches were assembled in 1962. But the machines required additional development tests. Large-scale production started only on October 1, 1964.

Appearance to the people

The truck at that time turned out to be innovative, with a level of comfort unprecedented for a Soviet driver. The steering was hydraulically boosted, and the five-speed gearbox was equipped with synchronizers for all but the first gear. The car calmly started off from the second, and the first stage was needed only for off-road or very steep climbs. That's why they made it straight-toothed.

Quite bold, even by international standards, was the exterior of the truck. The appearance was entrusted to a young graduate of the Stroganovka (Moscow School of Industrial Art) Eric Vladimirovich Sabo. Until then, and even then, there was nothing like this among our cargo vehicles. Embossed radiator grille, stylish cab contours and, most importantly, a panoramic windshield! Only the government GAZ-13 Chaika and ZIL-111 could boast of such grace.

Another distinctive feature of the new car was the coloring. Prior to this, the main color for the vast majority of Soviet trucks was khaki - in order to quickly mobilize in case of war. But the 130 got a sky blue cab with a white front end. Of course, there were other colors, including dark green. But most of the cars were just blue.

ZIL-130 quickly won the love of drivers. It turned out to be beautiful, dynamic and comfortable. The carrying capacity was five tons - more than the own weight of the car. But the main thing is that he turned out to be very hardy. The estimated mileage before overhaul of 300 thousand kilometers for the sixties was a very decent indicator. In May 1973, they conducted large-scale life tests of the 130th at the NAMI auto test site. He covered a distance of 25 thousand kilometers in 12 days. However, no damage was recorded. But, the incredibly successful design partly became the curse of the plant ...

late shift

Of course, no one was going to rest on their laurels. No matter how successful the design, progress does not stand still. And you need to prepare a successor. But at the end of the 60s, ZIL designers were busy developing a family of cabover trucks with a diesel engine and a load capacity of eight tons. In December 1969, the first samples of the new ZIL-170 car were assembled, which later turned into KAMAZ-5320. Only in 1976, when mass production of KAMAZ trucks was launched in Naberezhnye Chelny, the Likhachev plant finally began to develop its own car, the successor to the 130th. However, time has been lost. ZIL-130 by that time was completely outdated.

Only in 1978, the updated 130-76 car was launched into production, which is easy to distinguish by a modified “face” (sidelights and headlights have changed places). And in 1986, the car received a new index - 431410. But whatever it was called, it was still the same 130th, the main drawback of which was the voracious gasoline engine. And if for KAMAZ the diesel unit was created by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, then ZIL had to develop its own diesel engine from scratch. Work on the car and the engine was long and painful. As a result, the successor of the 130th - ZIL-4331 reached the assembly line only in 1987. And not all cars were equipped with the new ZIL-645 diesel engine. Most new cars were produced with the same gasoline engine.

In fact, the new truck was a deeply modernized "hundred and thirty" with a new cab. Moreover, both generations of cars were produced in parallel. The last ZIL-431410 rolled off the assembly line already in the post-Soviet era - in 1994. For thirty years of production, the ZIL-130 has acquired a large number of modifications. And the total circulation amounted to almost three and a half million copies! This makes the 130th not only legendary, but also one of the most massive cars in the history of our auto industry.

His successor was not even close to achieving the same popularity. With the transition to a market economy, a medium-duty truck with a gasoline engine was out of work. The ZIL-645 diesel engine was crude and required improvement, for which there was no longer enough money. The plant tried to launch the production of the 4331 model with MMZ and Caterpillar engines. But all in vain. Demand revived the ZIL-5301 "Bull" developed in a short time, but the effect was temporary. How it all ended for ZIL, we know perfectly well. However, this is a completely different story. And the 130th continues to serve faithfully in many enterprises and farms today. This pensioner has long deserved peace. But I am sure that we will meet the legendary truck on the roads for a long time to come.

Personal acquaintance

I myself had a chance to talk with the 130th ZIL, while still a student of a driving school. For category C training, there were two ZIL trucks in the park: 4331 and 431410 (read, 130th). I got the second one. Nearly twelve years have passed since then, but the memories of managing ZIL are still fresh. The engine started easily and ran very smoothly. They say that with a properly tuned motor, the compressor should be heard better than the motor itself. It was just about the training car - the engine rustled barely noticeable. Interestingly, the ZIL-4331, which was fifteen years younger, was in a much worse condition. From the second gear, the 130th started off very easily and accelerated very confidently. Feedback and responsiveness on the steering wheel, which we evaluate during comparative tests, is not about this car. For ZIL, the main thing is that the steering wheel turns easily. The only thing that caused discomfort in a close stream on the streets of Moscow was poor visibility. Still, the hood and front fenders were high. But I still remember that car fondly.


Overall dimensions: length/width/height/base	6675/2500/2400/3800 mm
Curb / gross weight
Mass of the towed trailer
Max speed
Turning radius
Fuel/fuel reserve
Fuel consumption at a speed of 60 km/h
ENGINE
	petrol
Location	front, lengthwise
Configuration / number of valves
Working volume
Compression ratio
Power	110/150 kW/hp at 3200 rpm
Torque	401 Nm at 1800 - 2000 rpm
TRANSMISSION
type of drive
Transmission
Gear ratios: I/II/III/IV/V/z.x.	7,44/4,10/2,29/1,47/1,00/7,09
main gear
CHASSIS
Suspension: front/rear	dependent spring
Steering	screw-nut, with hydraulic booster
Brakes: front/rear	drum, pneumatic

1. Introduction 2 pages

2. Engine ZIL-130: 4 pages.

-crankshaft mechanism of the engine 4 p.

- gas distribution mechanism of the engine 8 p.

-engine cooling system page 10

-engine lubrication system page 14

- engine power system page 17

- engine ignition system page 22

3. Main malfunctions and methods of system repair

engine ZIL-130 page 27

4. Maintenance of the ZIL-130 engine 34 p.

5. Technological map of faults 36 pages.

6. Occupational health and safety during repair and maintenance

service page 44

7. Ecology and environmental protection 47 pages

8. References 49p.

1. Introduction:

- the role of road transport:

The role of road transport is quite large in the national economy and in the Armed Forces. The car is used to quickly move goods and passengers on various types of roads and terrain. Road transport plays an important role in all aspects of the life of the country. Without a car, it is impossible to imagine the work of any industrial enterprise, government agency, construction organization, commercial company, agricultural enterprise, military unit. A significant amount of freight and passenger traffic falls on the share of this transport. The passenger car has become widely used in the life of the working people of our country, it has become a means of transportation, recreation, tourism and work.

The importance of the car in the Armed Forces is great. The combat and daily activities of the troops are continuously connected with the use of motor vehicles. The mobility, maneuverability of units, and the fulfillment of a combat mission depend on its presence and condition. Rocket launchers, radar stations, special equipment are installed on cars; automobile tractors are used for towing missiles, artillery systems, mortars, aircraft, special trailers. Special support vehicles have been created: tankers, oxygen tankers, launchers, cranes, staff buses, repair shops, vehicles of chemical troops, engineering, sanitary, firefighters, etc. Without the participation of automotive equipment, not a single aircraft can take to the air. Checking electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic and other systems, refueling with fuel, oil, oxygen, air, ammunition, towing aircraft, cleaning runways - all this is done by cars.

Thus, the car has become an integral element in the complex activities of the Armed Forces and the national economy.

-classification of road transport:

Cars are classified by purpose, cross-country ability and engine type.

By purpose, they are divided into transport and special:

Transport vehicles are used to transport various kinds of cargo and personnel (passengers); they are divided into cargo and passenger. The first of them differ in carrying capacity and body type, and passenger ones, depending on the design and capacity of the body, are divided into buses and cars.

Special vehicles are designed to perform special work or are adapted to transport a certain type of cargo. Equipment, weapons are mounted on them or a special body is installed. This includes mobile workshops, radio stations, tankers, cranes, etc. In the army, special vehicles also include tactical transporters designed to transport ammunition, food and evacuate the wounded in the front line area; wheel tractors for towing heavy trailers and semi-trailers; multi-axle chassis used to transport long indivisible loads of large mass.

Sports cars designed for training and competitions also belong to the special ones.

Cars are divided into three groups according to their cross-country ability:

Normal (road), increased and high cross-country ability. The first of them (ZIL-130) are used mainly on the roads.

Off-road - GAZ-66 and ZIL-131 - can move on roads and off-road areas. Cross-country vehicles - on and off roads, these include multi-axle vehicles and special road trains.

According to the type of engine, cars are divided into cars with:

Diesel engines.

carbureted engines.

Gas engines.

gas generator engines.

Carburetor engines operate mainly on gasoline, diesel engines - on heavy (diesel) fuel, gas-cylinder engines - on compressed or liquefied gas, gas generators - on solid fuel (wood, coal).

- general device of the car:

Each car can be divided into the following main parts: engine, chassis, body, electrical and special equipment.

The engine is the source of mechanical energy that drives the vehicle. Now mainly piston internal combustion engines are used, less often electric (as experimental) and others.

The chassis, which consists of a transmission, running gear and control systems, form units and mechanisms that serve to transfer power from the engine to the drive wheels, to control the car and move it.

The body serves to accommodate the driver, personnel and cargo. For general transport and multi-purpose trucks, the body consists of a cab, a loading platform and plumage

Electrical equipment consists of components and devices designed to ignite the working mixture in the engine, lighting and signaling, starting the engine, powering instrumentation.

Special equipment includes winch, tire pressure control system, spare wheel lift.

2. Engine ZIL-130:

An engine is a machine in which one or another type of energy is converted into mechanical work. Engines in which thermal energy is converted into mechanical work are thermal.

Thermal energy is obtained by burning any fuel. An engine in which fuel burns directly inside the cylinder and the energy of the resulting gases is perceived by a piston moving in the cylinder is called a piston internal combustion engine. Such engines are mainly used in modern cars.

Consider the ZIL-130 engine:

The engine consists of a mechanism and systems that ensure its operation:

crank mechanism,

Gas distribution mechanism,

Cooling system,

Lubrication system,

Supply system,

- crankshaft mechanism:

The crank mechanism perceives the gas pressure during the combustion-expansion stroke and converts the rectilinear, reciprocating movement of the piston into the rotational movement of the crankshaft.

The crank mechanism consists of: a cylinder block with a crankcase, a cylinder head, pistons with rings, piston pins, connecting rods, a crankshaft, a flywheel and an oil pan.

Cylinder block.

The cylinder block is the main part of the engine to which all mechanisms and parts are attached.

The cylinders in the blocks of the engines under study are U-shaped in two rows at an angle of 90° (Fig. 1).

Cylinder blocks are cast from cast iron (ZIL-130) or aluminum alloy. The crankcase and cavity walls are made in the same casting

cooling surrounding the engine cylinders.

Plug-in sleeves are installed in the engine block, washed with coolant. The inner surface of the sleeve serves as a guide for the pistons. The sleeve is bored to the required size and polished. Sleeves that are washed by the coolant are called wet. They have sealing rings made of special rubber or copper in the lower part. At the top, the liner sealing is achieved by the cylinder head gasket.

An increase in the service life of cylinder liners is achieved by pressing short thin-walled acid-resistant cast iron liners into the most worn (upper) part of them. The use of such an insert reduces the wear of the upper part of the sleeve by 2-4 times.

The cylinder block of the Y-shaped ZIL-130 engine is closed from above with two aluminum alloy heads. In the cylinder head of the ZIL-130 engine, combustion chambers are located, in which there are threaded holes for spark plugs. To cool the combustion chambers in the head, a special cavity is made around them.

Details of the gas distribution mechanism are fixed on the cylinder head. Inlet and outlet channels are made in the cylinder head and plug-in saddles and valve guides are installed. To create tightness between the block and the cylinder head, a gasket is installed, and the head is fastened to the cylinder block with studs and nuts. The gasket must be durable, heat-resistant and elastic. In the ZIL-130 engine, it is steel-asbestos,. To seal the steel gasket, a steel ring with a sharp protrusion is pressed into the bore on the lower plane of the cylinder head.

From below, the engine crankcase is closed by a pallet stamped from sheet steel. The sump protects the crankcase from dust and dirt and is used as an oil reservoir. The pallet is attached to the plane of the connector with bolts, and to ensure the tightness of the connection, gaskets made of cardboard or glued cork chips are used.

During engine operation, gases enter the crankcase, which can lead to an increase in pressure, blown gaskets and oil leakage. Therefore, the crankcase communicates with the atmosphere through a special tube (breather).

Engine ZIL-130 V-shaped, eight-cylinder, four-stroke, carburetor, liquid-cooled. The cross and longitudinal sections of the engine and its suspension are shown in the figures below.

Rice. ZIL engine mount: 1 - protective cap of the upper pillows of the front engine mount; 2 - front support bolt; 3 - front support bracket; 4 - engine mounting bolt; 5 - cover of distribution gears; 6 - upper cushion of the front support; 7 - lower cushion of the front support: 8 - washer; 9 - spring bushing pillows; 10 - frame cross member No. 1; 11 - paw of the clutch housing; 12 - rear support bolt; 13 - a bolt of fastening of a back support; 14 - rear support cover; 15 - rear support bracket; 16 - shoe of the rear support; 17 - rear support cushion; 18 - shim

Rice. Cross section of the engine: 1 - oil pump; 2 - cylinder block; 3 - piston; 4 - block head gasket; 5 - outlet gas pipeline; 6 - block head cover; 7 - rocker; 8 - block head; 9 - rocker bar; 10 - oil filter (full-flow centrifuge); 11 - carburetor; 12 - distributor drive housing; 13 - inlet gas pipeline; 14 - ignition distributor; 15 - oil indicator; 16 - candle; 17 - shield of candles; 18 - pusher; 19 - starter shield; 20 - starter; 21 - oil sump; 22 - oil receiver

Rice. Longitudinal section of the ZIL-130 engine: 1 - crankshaft pulley; 2 - ratchet; 3 - cylinder block; 4 - ignition setting indicator; 5 - maximum speed limiter sensor; 6 - limiter sensor drive shaft; 7 - clamping spring of the roller; 8 - spacer ring; 9 - thrust flange; 10 - front cover of the block; 11 - water pump; 12 - water pump pulley; 13 - generator drive belt; 14 - power steering pump drive belt; 15 - compressor drive belt; 16 - cork; 17 - oiler; 18 - eye; 19 - crankcase ventilation air filter in the oil neck; 20 - fuel pump; 21 - pump rod; 22 - fuel fine filter; 23 - crankcase ventilation pipe; 24 - oil filter (full-flow centrifuge); 25 - sensor of the water temperature indicator in the engine cooling system; 26 - camshaft; 27 - main bearing shell; 28 - oil seal of the rear main bearing; 29 - clutch; 30 - crankshaft; 31 - thrust washer; 32 - camshaft gear

Periodically it is necessary to check the tightness of the nuts of the bolts of the front and rear engine mounts.

The tightening torque of the nuts of the bolts 12 of the rear support should be equal to 20-25 kgf * m, and the nuts of the bolts 2 and 4 of the front and rear support 13 8-10 kgf * m.

Round rubber cushions are installed between the front support bracket and the front cross member of the frame. The rear engine mounts have wedge-shaped pads.

After 50,000 km of run, combining with the next maintenance, it is necessary to remove the shims 18.

The design of the ZIL-130 engine and its care

Engine block cast iron, with gray cast iron wet inserts with an acid-resistant insert in the upper part. The sealing of the upper part of the sleeve is carried out by clamping the shoulder of the sleeve between the block and the head of the block through an asbestos gasket, and the lower part - by two rubber rings.

Since April 1970, on engines, to prevent the formation of cracks around the two middle rows of holes in the block, when the head bolts are tightened, counterbores 7 mm long have been introduced into these holes and the length of the bolts has been increased from 136 mm to 145 mm. Blocks that do not have counterbores in threaded holes can use both short and long bolts. When supplying blocks with counterbores as spare parts, the factory attaches 10 bolts 145 mm long to the block. When installing short bolts in blocks with counterbores, the threads of the block may be pulled out due to the insufficient length of the bolt.

To eliminate the ingress of water from the engine cooling system into the threaded holes for the bolts of the two middle rows of fastening the heads to the block, the head gaskets are lubricated with non-drying sealing paste U-20A (UN-3572-54) on both sides around the holes for the above bolts and threads of ten bolts.

cylinder head made of aluminum alloy with plug-in seats and valve guides. Between the block and the heads are installed gaskets made of asbestos sheet. Each block head is attached to the cylinder block with 17 bolts.

It should be remembered that the four rocker arm axle bolts are also cylinder head bolts and are included in the number 17 above.

The bolts for fastening the heads to the block must be tightened with a special torque wrench that allows you to control the tightening torque, since the aluminum head of the block increases in height when heated more than the steel bolts that fasten it. When the engine warms up, the tightening of the head of the block increases, when it cools, it decreases, so the bolts for fastening the heads of the block must be tightened on a cold engine; the tightening torque should be 7-9 kgf * m, and at an engine temperature of about 0 ° C, the tightening torque of the bolts should be closer to the lower limit (7 kgf * m), and at a temperature of plus 20 to + 25 ° C - closer to the upper limit (9 kgf*m). It is forbidden to tighten the cylinder head bolts when the engine temperature is below 0 ° C. In this case, the engine should be preheated to the coolant temperature plus (5-10) ° C, and then tightened.

Simultaneously with tightening the bolts for fastening the heads of the block, it is necessary to tighten the bolts for fastening the exhaust gas pipelines.

After tightening the cylinder head bolts, it is necessary to check and, if necessary, adjust the clearances in the valve mechanism.

To ensure full contact between the planes of the heads and the block, it is necessary to follow the tightening order of the bolts indicated in the figure below. Tighten the cylinder head bolts evenly in two steps. After tightening all the bolts, additionally tighten the bolts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. When changing the gaskets, it is necessary to clean all water holes in the heads of the block and cylinder block, as well as the combustion chambers from deposits.

Rice. The order of tightening the cylinder head bolts

The cylinder head cover gasket should be installed with the ribbed surface facing the cylinder head cover.

The head cover nuts must be tightened evenly; tightening torque 0.5-0.6 kgf * m. The pistons are made of aluminum alloy and plated with tin.

Finally, the piston is selected to the sleeve, checking the force required to pull the probe tape 0.08 mm thick, 10 mm wide and 200 mm long between the cylinder wall and. piston on the side opposite the piston skirt cut. The force on the probe should be in the range of 3.5-4.5 kgf.

piston pins floating. The pin is fixed in the piston with two retaining rings. The pins are made with high precision and matched to the pistons and connecting rods, sorted into four groups according to the outer diameter.

The designation of the group is applied with paint: on the piston - on the inner surface (on one of the bosses), on the connecting rod - on the outer cylindrical surface of the small head, on the finger - on the inner surface. When assembling, the pin, piston and connecting rod are assembled from parts of the same group only. To avoid scuffing on mating surfaces, the assembly of the pin with the piston should be carried out only when the piston is heated to a temperature of 55 ° C. The pistons must be heated only in liquid and clean oil.

Piston rings set four on each piston: three compression and one oil scraper. The two upper compression rings are chrome-plated on the outer cylindrical surface. The outer surface of the lower compression ring is made conical; the larger base of the cone faces down. Compression rings are installed so that the undercut on the inner cylindrical surface of the rings faces upwards, as shown in the figure. The oil scraper ring is made up of two flat steel rings and two expanders - axial and radial.

Rice. A piston with a connecting rod of a ZIL car: 1 - an annular disk of an oil scraper ring; 2 - axial expander; 3 - radial expander; 4 - lower and middle compression rings; 5 - top compression ring; 6 - retaining ring; 7 - piston pin; 8 - arrow on the piston bottom; 9 - piston; 10 - connecting rod; 11 - mark on the rod of the connecting rod; 12 - boss on the connecting rod cap

When installing the piston in the engine cylinder, flat annular disks 1 must be installed so that their locks are located at an angle of 180 ° to one another. In this case, the locks of the axial expander 2 and the radial expander 3 must be located at an angle of 120° to them (each).

To increase the service life, the piston rings in the free state have a complex shape, as a result of which, after the ring is installed in the cylinder, the most favorable distribution of the pressure of the ring on the liner wall is provided.

When installing the rings on the piston, their joints (locks) should be installed at an angle of 90 ° to one another.

connecting rods steel, I-section. Steel-aluminum thin-walled liners are installed in the lower head of the connecting rod.

A coiled bronze bushing is pressed into the upper head of the connecting rod.

Inserts are made with great precision and do not require scraping, sawing joints or installing gaskets during installation. These operations with thin-walled liners are not allowed.

Rice. ZIL crankshaft: 1 - crankshaft: 2 - plug; 3 - centrifugal trap for oil purification

When installing a piston and connecting rod assembly to the engine, the arrow on the bottom must always point towards the front end of the crankshaft.

In the kit piston - connecting rod assembly, designed for the left group of cylinders, the mark 11 on the rod of the connecting rod and the arrow 8 on the piston bottom must face in one direction, and in the kit for the right group of cylinders - in different directions.

It is necessary to tighten the nuts of the connecting rod bolts with a torque wrench; tightening torque 7-8 kgf * m. After tightening, the nuts should be carefully cottered. If, at the specified torque, the hole in the bolt and the slot in the nut did not match, it is allowed to additionally turn the nut until the hole matches the nearest slot; in this case, the tightening torque should not exceed 11.5 kgf * m. It is necessary to check and, if necessary, tighten the nuts of the connecting rod bolts each time the crankcase is removed.

Crankshaft steel, with hardened necks, five-bearing with lubrication channels and centrifugal traps for oil cleaning.

Dirt collectors should be cleaned after 100,000 km of run, when replacing connecting rod and main bearings, as well as when repairing the engine.

The diameter of the main journal is 74.5 mm, and the connecting rod is 65.5 mm. The main bearing shells are steel-aluminum, 2.5 mm thick, interchangeable on each support, except for the rear.

The main bearing cap bolts must be tightened with a torque wrench. The tightening torque should be equal to 11-13 kgf * m. It is necessary to check and, if necessary, tighten the bolts of the main bearing caps each time the oil sump is removed. If the connecting rod or main bearings are worn out, both bearing halves must be replaced at the same time. The crankshaft is dynamically balanced with the flywheel and clutch. The tightening torque of the flywheel mounting bolts on the crankshaft flange should be 14-15 kgf * m.

Flywheel cast iron, with a steel gear rim for starting the engine from the starter, attached to the flange of the rear end of the crankshaft with six bolts.

When assembling the flywheel with the crankshaft, it should be borne in mind that one of the flywheel mounting holes is offset by 2 °.

When attaching the flywheel to the crankshaft flange, tighten the nuts evenly.

It is necessary to monitor the accuracy of the cotter pins of the flywheel mounting bolts. The cotter pin should fit snugly around the end of the bolt.

Camshaft steel with hardened cams and ignition distributor drive gear, driven by two gears. The camshaft rests on five bearings fitted with bimetal bushings.

For the correct mutual installation of the gears, it is necessary to put the crankshaft gear and the camshaft gear so that the marks are on the same straight line connecting the centers of these gears.

Rice. The position of the marks on the gears when installing the valve timing

valves the upper ones are located in the cylinder head in one row, obliquely to the axis of the cylinders, are driven from the camshaft by means of rods, pushers and rocker arms.

Valves are made of heat-resistant steel; the angle of the working chamfer of the inlet valve seat is 30°, the exhaust valve is 45°; the exhaust valve stem has a sodium-filled hole and the poppet has a heat-resistant seat bevel surfacing.

Exhaust valves are forcibly rotated during engine operation by a special mechanism to increase their service life. The exhaust valve rotation mechanism is shown in the last picture.

To adjust the clearance in the valve mechanism, you need to set the piston of the first cylinder to top dead center (TDC) of the compression stroke. In this case, the hole on the crankshaft pulley should be located under the “TDC” mark on the ignition timing indicator located on the maximum speed limiter sensor.

In this position, adjust the clearance for the following valves:

inlet and outlet 1st cylinder
final 2nd cylinder
inlet 3rd cylinder
final 4th cylinder
final 5th cylinder
inlet 7th cylinder
inlet 8th cylinder

The clearances of the remaining valves are adjusted after turning the crankshaft 360 ° (full turn).

Prolonged operation of the engine with incorrect clearances can lead to premature wear of valve mechanism parts - burning of valves, wear of rocker arms, bearing surfaces of pushers and camshaft cams.

Rice. Exhaust valve and rotation mechanism: 1 - exhaust valve; 2 - fixed body; 3 - ball; 4 - thrust washer; 5 - lock ring; 6 - valve spring; 7 - valve spring plate; 8 - valve cracker; 9 - disk spring of the rotation mechanism; 10 - return spring of the rotation mechanism; 11 - sodium content; 12 - heat-resistant surfacing of the working chamfer of the valve; 13 - plug

During any disassembly of an engine that has traveled more than 70,000 km, it is necessary to check the condition of springs 10 (see Fig.) and balls of the exhaust valve rotation mechanism.

If signs of wear are found on the coils of the spring, the spring must be turned with the worn section down. When assembling the valve rotation mechanism, attention must be paid to the correct installation of balls and springs. When properly assembled, the springs should be located behind the balls in relation to the selected direction of rotation.

Valve lifters hollow steel. To increase the reliability of the cam-pusher pair, special cast iron is deposited on the end of the pusher. At the bottom of the pusher there are holes for draining the oil that enters the pusher.

Gas pipeline. The intake gas pipeline made of aluminum alloy is common for both rows of cylinders, is located between the heads of the block and is equipped with a water jacket for heating the mixture. The tightening torque of the nuts for fastening the intake gas pipeline to the cylinder head must be within 1.5-2 kgf * m. Nuts must be tightened evenly, sequentially, crosswise. The outlet pipes are cast iron, one on each side of the block.

ZIL 130 is a Soviet (Russian) truck manufactured at the Likhachev plant. The model replaced the ZIL 164 brand in the line, becoming one of the most popular in the USSR. The truck had a rich history, and its production was carried out for almost 50 years (from 1962 to 2010). Initially, the ZIL 130 was assembled in Moscow, but in the early 1990s it began to be produced in Novouralsk under the name Amur. The car became the first truck to receive blue and white colors in the color scheme. Previously, all ZIL brand products were painted exclusively in khaki, since they were intended for the army. ZIL 130 was also actively used in the civilian sphere (for transportation). Used trucks of this model are still popular.

Model history and purpose. Video

The development of a fundamentally new car, which was supposed to replace the unsuccessful version of the ZIL 164, began in 1953. Initially, the models were assigned the ZIS 125 index, and the creation of the truck was carried out in parallel at two enterprises. Assisted in the development of the model Dnepropetrovsk designer.

The debut sample appeared in 1956. He was an improved version of the ZIS 125 with the absence of many shortcomings and a new appearance. It was this version that formed the basis of the ZIL 130, which was destined to become the most popular truck of the era of stagnation. The tests of the car were completed in 1959, after 3 years he made his debut. In 1963, the ZIL 130 was awarded a gold medal in Leipzig.

The serial production of the dump truck began in the fall of 1964. Soon, he massively dispersed throughout the country. The plant began to offer various modifications of the ZIL 130, which further increased its popularity. The result is a large family of trucks with many features.

Initially, the plant offered the following modifications:

ZIL 130A - flatbed tractor with a trailer with a total weight of up to 8000 kg. The car was equipped with a combined brake valve, electrical outlets for installing trailer devices and a towing device;
ZIL 130B - version for an agricultural dump truck with a base of 3800 mm;
ZIL 130V - a truck tractor with a shortened wheelbase (3300 mm);
ZIL 130VT - analogue of ZIL 130V with additional reinforcement of the rear axle;
ZIL 130G - a vehicle for transporting low-density and bulky goods with a total weight of up to 8000 kg;
ZIL 130D is a platform for a construction dump truck with a shortened wheelbase.

Later, the following versions joined the line of cars based on the ZIL 130:

ZIL 130V1 is a truck tractor designed for towing a semi-trailer. The total mass of the composition could reach 14400 kg for a hard pavement;
ZIL 130D1 - a platform used as the basis for the ZIL MMZ 4502 model;
ZIL 130D2 - a platform with a towing device and a pneumatic outlet. Used for model ZIL MMZ 45022;
ZIL 130B2 is a platform with a pneumatic output designed to build a ZIL MMZ 554 M tractor used in agriculture.

The brand also offered special versions for use in different climates. Their names were distinguished by additional letters.

In almost 50 years of its history, the ZIL 130 has undergone major modernization twice: in 1966 and 1977. In the process of restyling, the cab and radiator grille changed. There were no global changes in the design (except for the engine line).

ZIL 130 was produced in various versions and covered many areas of activity. The car was used in agriculture, construction, in the municipal sector, in the commercial sector and for military purposes. The main purpose of the machine is the transportation of large loads. At the same time, the model has not lost its relevance. So, fire trucks created on the basis of ZIL 130 are used by the fire services of Russia and Ukraine at the present time.

Specifications

Dimensions ZIL 130:

length - 6675 mm;
width - 2500 mm;
height - 2400 mm;
ground clearance - 275 mm;
wheelbase - 3800 mm;
rear track - 1790 mm;
front track - 1800 mm;
platform loading height - 1450 mm;
platform length - 3752 mm;
platform width - 2326 mm;
platform height - 575 mm;
the minimum turning radius is 8900 mm.

According to the technical characteristics, the car looks very good even now:

maximum speed - 90 km / h;
fuel tank capacity - 175 l;
load capacity - 6000 kg.

ZIL 130 is capable of moving a trailer with a maximum weight of 8000 kg. The gross weight of the truck is 10525 kg, the curb weight is 4300 kg. Weight distribution at full load: 2626 kg - to the front axle, 7900 kg - to the rear axle, for an unloaded vehicle: 2120 kg - to the front axle, 2180 kg - to the rear axle.

The braking distance at a speed of 60 km / h is 28 m.

Engine

Initially, a carburetor-type engine with 6 cylinders arranged in a V-shape was installed on the ZIL 130. The unit had a working volume of 5.2 liters, a rated power of 135 hp. However, the start of operation showed that the technical characteristics of the engine for the car were not enough - in terms of dynamic parameters, it was noticeably inferior to its competitors. As a result, the unit was modernized. The updated installation received a power of 150 hp. and allowed to accelerate to 90 km / h, but had a number of technical shortcomings. Soon the motor was again finalized.

The design of the power plant used a mechanical pump for acceleration and an economizer device. Its lubrication was carried out in a combined mode. The mechanism of operation included a deep filtration device, consisting of steel plates. Forced power supply of the engine was carried out by means of a fuel pump. For work, low-quality gasoline A-76 was used.

Currently, a 4-stroke overhead valve V-shaped carburetor type unit is installed on the ZIL 130. Motor characteristics:

working volume - 6 l;
rated power - 150 hp;
number of cylinders - 8;
maximum torque - 401 Nm;
cylinder diameter - 100;
compression ratio - 6.5.

A photo

Device

ZIL 130 has a fairly simple design. The front suspension is built on 2 semi-elliptical springs with shock absorbers and rear sliding ends, the rear suspension on 2 main and 2 additional semi-elliptical springs. These elements also received sliding ends.

The car has a rear wheel drive axle and a single disc dry clutch. Transmission ZIL 130 mechanical with one disk and a pair of synchronizers (for 2nd and 3rd, 4th and 5th gears). The 5-speed gearbox has constant gear engagement except for reverse and 1st gear. For the automotive industry of that time, this unit was considered new, but during its operation it changed several times. The transmission of torque from the gearbox to the rear axle is carried out by means of a cardan shaft. For the ZIL 130 model, two shafts mounted on the frame were used. For versions with a shortened base, one shaft was used without an intermediate support. The first transmissions for a car were designed in 1961, after 6 years they have undergone minor changes. In the restyled gearbox, the retaining ring was removed. The gearshift knob was isolated with a special rubber seal, which prevented moisture from entering the gearbox. The crankcase was made from high quality cast iron.

The brake system of the model consisted of drum-type brakes, functioning under the influence of a pneumatic system. A specialized reservoir with increased pressure made it possible to maintain an air reserve. The parking type brake used a drum blocking the driveshaft.

Scheme of electrical equipment ZIL 130

The appearance of the ZIL 130 was very unusual for models produced in the 1960s, because the car immediately attracted the attention of others. The car for the first time received a non-military color. Previously, all products of the plant were khaki. Now there are modifications of white and blue colors. Streamlined fenders, an alligator-type hood and a panoramic windshield were prepared especially for the ZIL 130. Not all drivers were satisfied with this decision. Rejection of the windshield was not given immediately. Another memorable element was the newly shaped grille.

The all-metal cabin was awarded an advanced design for that time. Moreover, even now it does not look outdated. In terms of comfort, the developers did a good job, and the ZIL 130 was head and shoulders above most competitors in this indicator. In the 3-seater cabin (driver's seat and double passenger seat), the width of which has been significantly increased, there are comfortable seats and a lot of space. The driver's seat was adjustable in the vertical and horizontal direction. You can also change the angle of the backrest.

The arrangement of instruments in the cockpit was almost perfect. The ZIL 130 was the first to use a power steering, which made it unique for that time and increased safety. When a tire breaks on the road, keeping the car has become much easier.

The truck received a classic wooden platform with a tailgate. It was considered a cargo-passenger and was also used to transport people. Ordinary folding benches with a total capacity of 16 people were attached to the grilles of the sides of the body. There was also a removable bench for 8 passengers. In the basic configuration of the car, an awning and removable arcs were offered. The height of the body coincided with the height of the floor in the train cars, so the performance of loading and unloading operations was greatly facilitated.

The price of a new and used ZIL 131

The production of the ZIL 130 model ended in 2010, so it is currently not possible to purchase a new truck. However, these cars are still offered on the used market. And you can buy them for a fairly modest cost. Models on the go will cost 35,000-80,000 rubles. The technical parameters and condition of used ZIL 130 cars will not be the best, but given the ease of repair and good performance, the car may well be useful in various fields. Price tags on the version of recent years (2009-2010) in excellent condition reach 400,000 rubles.

Analogues

The analogues of the ZIL 130 model include its predecessor ZIL 164 and the GAZ 53 car, which is similar in characteristics.