John Logi Baird, inventor of television. John Logie Baird is the inventor of the first mass television. Inventions of Hovhannes Adamyan

For God's sake, go downstairs to the reception area and get rid of the madman waiting there. He says he invented a machine to see through the radio! Be careful - he may be armed.

First public displays

In late 1936, the BBC began replacing Baird's systems (which by then had 240 scan lines) with the company's electronic television systems Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd(EMI), which, after merging with the Marconi company under the leadership of Isaac Schoenberg, produced systems with 405 scanning lines. The BBC stopped broadcasting on the Baird system in early 1937.

Baird also made a major contribution to the development of electronic television, for example, in 1939 he demonstrated color television based on a cathode ray tube - a disk consisting of color filters rotated in front of the screen. This method was used by American companies Columbia Broadcasting System(CBS) and Radio Corporation of America(RCA).

Other inventions

In addition to television, Baird tried to prove himself in many other areas. In his 20s, he tried to create diamonds by heating graphite and ended up short-circuiting the electrical grid at Glasgow University. After some time, he created a glass razor, which, however, broke. Following the example of car tires, he tried to create pneumatic shoes, but the tubes in the prototype burst. Thermal socks are another Baird invention that was more successful than others.

"Phonovision", the first device for recording video images, is also Baird's invention.

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Notes

Literature

Baird, John Logie, Television and Me: The Memoirs of John Logie Baird. Edinburgh: Mercat Press, 2004. ISBN 1-84183-063-1 (English)
Kamm, Antony, and Malcolm Baird, John Logie Baird: A Life. Edinburgh: NMS Publishing, 2002. ISBN 1-901663-76-0 (English)
McArthur, Tom, and Peter Waddell, The Secret Life of John Logie Baird. London: Hutchinson, 1986. ISBN 0-09-158720-4. (English)
McLean, Donald F., Restoring Baird's Image. The Institute of Electrical Engineers, 2000. ISBN 0-85296-795-0. (English)
Rowland, John The Television Man: The Story of John Logie Baird. New York: Roy Publishers, 1967.
Tiltman, Ronald Frank, Baird of Television. New York: Arno Press, 1974. (Reprint of 1933 ed.) ISBN 0-405-06061-0. (English)

Passage characterizing Baird, John Logie

“This is exactly what Princess Yusupova was wearing,” said Berg, with a happy and kind smile, pointing to the cape.
At this time, the arrival of Count Bezukhy was reported. Both spouses looked at each other with a smug smile, each taking credit for the honor of this visit.
“This is what it means to be able to make acquaintances,” thought Berg, this is what it means to be able to hold oneself!
“Just please, when I am entertaining guests,” said Vera, “don’t interrupt me, because I know what to do with everyone, and in what society what should be said.”
Berg smiled too.
“You can’t: sometimes you have to have a man’s conversation with men,” he said.
Pierre was received in a brand new living room, in which it was impossible to sit anywhere without violating the symmetry, cleanliness and order, and therefore it was quite understandable and not strange that Berg generously offered to destroy the symmetry of an armchair or sofa for a dear guest, and apparently being in In this regard, in painful indecision, he proposed a solution to this issue to the choice of the guest. Pierre upset the symmetry by pulling up a chair for himself, and immediately Berg and Vera began the evening, interrupting each other and keeping the guest busy.
Vera, having decided in her mind that Pierre should be occupied with a conversation about the French embassy, immediately began this conversation. Berg, deciding that a man's conversation was also necessary, interrupted his wife's speech, touching on the question of the war with Austria and involuntarily jumped from the general conversation into personal considerations about the proposals that were made to him to participate in the Austrian campaign, and about the reasons why he didn't accept them. Despite the fact that the conversation was very awkward, and that Vera was angry for the interference of the male element, both spouses felt with pleasure that, despite the fact that there was only one guest, the evening had started very well, and that the evening was like two drops of water is like any other evening with conversations, tea and lit candles.
Soon Boris, Berg's old friend, arrived. He treated Berg and Vera with a certain shade of superiority and patronage. The lady and the colonel came for Boris, then the general himself, then the Rostovs, and the evening was absolutely, undoubtedly, like all evenings. Berg and Vera could not hold back a joyful smile at the sight of this movement around the living room, at the sound of this incoherent talking, the rustling of dresses and bows. Everything was like everyone else, the general was especially similar, praising the apartment, patting Berg on the shoulder, and with paternal arbitrariness he ordered the setting up of the Boston table. The general sat down next to Count Ilya Andreich, as if he were the most distinguished of the guests after himself. Old people with old people, young people with young people, the hostess at the tea table, on which there were exactly the same cookies in a silver basket that the Panins had at the evening, everything was exactly the same as the others.

Pierre, as one of the most honored guests, was to sit in Boston with Ilya Andreich, the general and colonel. Pierre had to sit opposite Natasha at the Boston table, and the strange change that had occurred in her since the day of the ball amazed him. Natasha was silent, and not only was she not as good-looking as she was at the ball, but she would have been bad if she had not looked so meek and indifferent to everything.
"What with her?" thought Pierre, looking at her. She sat next to her sister at the tea table and reluctantly, without looking at him, answered something to Boris, who sat down next to her. Having walked away the whole suit and taken five bribes to the satisfaction of his partner, Pierre, who heard the chatter of greetings and the sound of someone’s steps entering the room while collecting bribes, looked at her again.
“What happened to her?” he said to himself even more surprised.
Prince Andrei stood in front of her with a thrifty, tender expression and told her something. She, raising her head, flushed and apparently trying to control her gusty breathing, looked at him. And the bright light of some inner, previously extinguished fire burned in her again. She was completely transformed. From being bad she again became the same as she was at the ball.
Prince Andrey approached Pierre and Pierre noticed a new, youthful expression on his friend’s face.
Pierre changed seats several times during the game, now with his back, now facing Natasha, and throughout the entire 6 Roberts made observations of her and his friend.
“Something very important is happening between them,” thought Pierre, and the joyful and at the same time bitter feeling made him worry and forget about the game.
After 6 Roberts, the general stood up, saying that it was impossible to play like that, and Pierre received his freedom. Natasha was talking to Sonya and Boris on one side, Vera was talking about something with a subtle smile to Prince Andrei. Pierre went up to his friend and, asking if what was being said was a secret, sat down next to them. Vera, noticing Prince Andrei's attention to Natasha, found that at an evening, at a real evening, it was necessary that there be subtle hints of feelings, and seizing the time when Prince Andrei was alone, she began a conversation with him about feelings in general and about her sister . With such an intelligent guest (as she considered Prince Andrei) she needed to apply her diplomatic skills to the matter.
When Pierre approached them, he noticed that Vera was in a smug rapture of conversation, Prince Andrei (which rarely happened to him) seemed embarrassed.
– What do you think? – Vera said with a subtle smile. “You, prince, are so insightful and so immediately understand the character of people.” What do you think about Natalie, can she be constant in her affections, can she, like other women (Vera meant herself), love a person once and remain faithful to him forever? This is what I consider true love. What do you think, prince?
“I know your sister too little,” answered Prince Andrei with a mocking smile, under which he wanted to hide his embarrassment, “to resolve such a delicate question; and then I noticed that the less I like a woman, the more constant she is,” he added and looked at Pierre, who came up to them at that time.
- Yes, it’s true, prince; in our time,” Vera continued (mentioning our time, as narrow-minded people generally like to mention, believing that they have found and appreciated the features of our time and that the properties of people change over time), in our time a girl has so much freedom that le plaisir d"etre courtisee [the pleasure of having admirers] often drowns out the true feeling in her. Et Nathalie, il faut l"avouer, y est tres sensible. [And Natalya, I must admit, is very sensitive to this.] The return to Natalie again made Prince Andrei frown unpleasantly; he wanted to get up, but Vera continued with an even more refined smile.
“I think no one was courtisee [the object of courtship] like her,” said Vera; - but never, until very recently, did she seriously like anyone. “You know, Count,” she turned to Pierre, “even our dear cousin Boris, who was, entre nous [between us], very, very dans le pays du tendre... [in the land of tenderness...]
Prince Andrei frowned and remained silent.
– You’re friends with Boris, aren’t you? - Vera told him.
- Yes, I know him…
– Did he tell you correctly about his childhood love for Natasha?
– Was there childhood love? - Prince Andrei suddenly asked, blushing unexpectedly.
- Yes. Vous savez entre cousin et cousine cette intimate mene quelquefois a l"amour: le cousinage est un dangereux voisinage, N"est ce pas? [You know, between a cousin and sister, this closeness sometimes leads to love. Such kinship is a dangerous neighborhood. Is not it?]
“Oh, without a doubt,” said Prince Andrei, and suddenly, unnaturally animated, he began joking with Pierre about how he should be careful in his treatment of his 50-year-old Moscow cousins, and in the middle of the joking conversation he stood up and, taking under Pierre's arm and took him aside.
- Well? - said Pierre, looking with surprise at the strange animation of his friend and noticing the look that he cast at Natasha as he stood up.
“I need, I need to talk to you,” said Prince Andrei. – You know our women’s gloves (he was talking about those Masonic gloves that were given to a newly elected brother to give to his beloved woman). “I... But no, I’ll talk to you later...” And with a strange sparkle in his eyes and anxiety in his movements, Prince Andrei approached Natasha and sat down next to her. Pierre saw Prince Andrei ask her something, and she flushed and answered him.
But at this time Berg approached Pierre, urgently asking him to take part in the dispute between the general and the colonel about Spanish affairs.
Berg was pleased and happy. The smile of joy did not leave his face. The evening was very good and exactly like other evenings he had seen. Everything was similar. And ladies', delicate conversations, and cards, and a general at cards, raising his voice, and a samovar, and cookies; but one thing was still missing, something that he always saw at the evenings, which he wanted to imitate.

John Logie Baird
Born	August 14, 1888( 1888-08-14 ) Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, Scotland
Died	June 14 1946 (aged 57) Bexhill, Sussex, England
Resting place	Baird family grave in Helensburgh Cemetery
Residence	Scotland, England
Nationality	Scottish
Citizenship	United Kingdom
Education	Larchfield Academy, Helensburgh
Alma mater	Royal Technical College, Glasgow
Occupation	Inventor Businessman
Known for	Inventor of television, including the first color television.
Religious beliefs	None (Agnostic)
Spouse(s)	Margaret Albu (m. 1931)
Children	Diana Baird and Malcolm Baird
Parents	Rev John Baird, Minister, West Kirk, Helensburgh Jessie Morrison Inglis
Member of the Physical Society (1927) Member of the Television Society (1927) Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1937)

John Logie Baird FRSE (August 14, 1888 - June 14, 1946) was a Scottish scientist, engineer, innovator, and inventor of the world's first television; the first publicly demonstrated color television system; and the first purely electronic color television picture tube. Baird "s early technological successes and his role in the practical introduction of television broadcast for home entertainment earned him a prominent place in not only in the development of television but as one of the great Scottish scientists in history.

Baird was educated at Larchfield Academy (now part of Lomond School) in Helensburgh; the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College (which later became the University of Strathclyde); and the University of Glasgow. His degree course was interrupted by World War I. Baird neither drank nor smoked as a young man, having suffered a near-fatal illness as an infant and had a "weak constitution." Due to his ill-health he was not accepted for military service.

He worked Clyde Valley Electrical Power Company for a while and then started a variety of his own small businesses. The most successful was manufacturing and marketing a water-absorbent sock. Less successful was a jam factory in Trinidad. He had moved there in 1919 and noting the abundance of citrus fruit and sugar on the island decided to manufacture jam. Unfortunately, the local insect population interfered with the production to such an extent that he returned to Britain within a year.

Plaque in Queens Arcade, Hastings

In early 1923, and in poor health, Baird moved to 21 Linton Crescent, Hastings, on the south coast of England and later rented a workshop in Queen's Arcade in the town. Baird built what was to become the world's first working television set using items including an old hatbox and a pair of scissors, some darning needles, a few bicycle light lenses, a used tea chest, and sealing wax and glue that he purchased. In February 1924, he demonstrated to the Radio Times that a semi-mechanical analogue television system was possible by transmitting moving silhouette images. In July of the same year, he received a 1000-volt electric shock, but survived with only a burnt hand. His landlord, Mr Tree, asked him to quit his workshop and he moved to upstairs rooms in Soho, London, where he made a technical breakthrough. Baird gave the first public demonstration of moving silhouette images by television at Selfridges department store in London in a three-week series of demonstrations beginning on March 25, 1925. Soon after, he founded the Baird Television Development Company Ltd.

Baird visited the United States in late 1931. He and Baird Television company secretary, Walter Knight, sailed into New York on the Cunard Line ocean liner the RMS ""Aquitania"" in September. Several months prior to this trip, Baird had met Margaret Albu, a concert pianist from South Africa. Although there was a 19-year age difference they fell in love and while in New York Baird proposed marriage to her. They were married in New York on November 13, 1931. The marriage was a happy one, lasting until Baird's death 15 years later.

Baird and his new wife returned to England where they lived in Sydenham, in the outskirts of London. They had two children, Diana and Malcolm. Baird had a private laboratory next to their house. The outbreak of war in 1939 halted television broadcasting, which forced his company Baird Television into bankruptcy. Baird and his family left London for the safety of Cornwall, where he continued his research on television at his own expense.

After the war, with their London house damaged by the bombings, the Baird family moved to a house in Station Road, Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex. There, Baird continued his work until early 1946 when he suffered a stroke.

Baird died in Bexhill on June 14, 1946. He was buried in the Baird family grave in Helensburgh Cemetery.

Development of Television

Baird is known as the inventor of the world's first television. In fact, the development of television was the result of work by many inventors. Among them, Baird was a prominent pioneer and made major advances in the field. Particularly in Britain, many historians credit Baird with being the first to produce a live, moving, grayscale television image from reflected light.

In his first attempts to develop a working television system, Baird experimented with the Nipkow disk, a scanning disc system invented by Paul Nipkow in 1884. Television historian Albert Abramson calls Nipkow's patent "the master television patent".

Arthur Korn had previously built the first successful signal-conditioning circuits for image transmission between 1902 and 1907. His compensation circuit allowed him to send still pictures by telephone or wireless between countries and even over oceans, while his circuit operated without benefit of electronic amplification. Baird was the direct beneficiary of Korn's research and success.

First public demonstrations

Modern replica of Stooky Bill

In his laboratory on October 2, 1925, Baird successfully transmitted the first television picture with a greyscale image: the head of a ventriloquist"s dummy nicknamed "Stooky Bill" in a 30-line vertically scanned image, at five pictures per second. Baird went downstairs and fetched an office worker, 20-year-old William Edward Taynton, to see what a human face would look like, and Taynton became the first person to be televised in a full tonal range. Looking for publicity, Baird visited the Daily Express newspaper to promote his invention. The news editor was terrified: he was quoted by one of his staff as saying: "For God"s sake, go down to reception and get rid of a lunatic who"s down there. He says he"s got a machine for seeing by wireless! Watch him-he may have a razor on him."

On January 26, 1926, Baird repeated the transmission for members of the Royal Institution and a reporter from The Times in his laboratory at 22 Frith Street in the Soho district of London. By this time, he had improved the scan rate to 12.5 pictures per second. It was the first demonstration of a television system that could broadcast live moving images with tone graduation.

He demonstrated the world's first color transmission on July 3, 1928, using scanning discs at the transmitting and receiving ends with three spirals of apertures, each spiral with a filter of a different primary color; and three light sources at the receiving end, with a commutator to alternate their illumination. That same year he also demonstrated stereoscopic television.

Broadcasting

In 1927, Baird transmitted a long-distance television signal over 438 miles (705 km) of telephone line between London and Glasgow; Baird transmitted the world's first long-distance television pictures to the Central Hotel at Glasgow Central Station. This transmission was Baird's response to a 225-mile, long-distance telecast between stations of AT&T Bell Labs. The Bell stations were in New York and Washington, DC. The earlier telecast took place in April 1927, a month before Baird's demonstration.

Baird then set up the Baird Television Development Company Ltd, which in 1928 made the first transatlantic television transmission, from London to Hartsdale, New York, and the first television program for the BBC. In November 1929, Baird and Bernard Nathan established France's first television company, Télévision-Baird-Natan. He televised the first live transmission of the Epsom Derby in 1931. He demonstrated a theater television system, with a screen two feet by five feet (60 cm by 150 cm), in 1930 at the London Coliseum, Berlin, Paris, and Stockholm. By 1939 he had improved his theater projection system to televise a boxing match on a screen 15 ft (4.6 m) by 12 ft (3.7 m).

From 1929 to 1932, the BBC transmitters were used to broadcast television programs using the 30-line Baird system, and from 1932 to 1935, the BBC also produced the programs in their own studio at 16 Portland Place. On November 3, 1936, from Alexandra Palace located on the high ground of the north London ridge, the BBC began alternating Baird 240-line transmissions with EMI"s electronic scanning system which had recently been improved to 405 lines after a merger with Marconi. The Baird system at the time involved an intermediate film process, where footage was shot on cinefilm which was rapidly developed and scanned. The trial was due to last 6 months but the BBC ceased broadcasts with the Baird system in February 1937, due in part to a disastrous fire in the Baird facilities at Crystal Palace. It was becoming apparent to the BBC that the Baird system would ultimately fail due in large part to the lack of mobility of the Baird system's cameras, with their developer tanks, hoses, and cables.

Baird's television systems were replaced by the electronic television system developed by the newly formed company EMI-Marconi under Isaac Schoenberg, which had access to patents developed by Vladimir Zworykin and RCA. Similarly, Philo T. Farnsworth's electronic "Image Dissector" camera was available to Baird's company via a patent-sharing agreement. However, the Image Dissector camera was found to be lacking in light sensitivity, requiring excessive levels of illumination. Baird used the Farnsworth tubes instead to scan cinefilm, in which capacity they proved serviceable though prone to dropouts and other problems. Farnsworth himself came to London to Baird's Crystal Palace laboratories in 1936, but was unable to fully solve the problem; the fire that burned Crystal Palace to the ground later that year further hampered the Baird company's ability to compete.

Baird made many contributions to the field of electronic television after mechanical systems had taken a back seat. In 1939, he showed color television using a cathode ray tube in front of which revolved a disc fitted with color filters, a method taken up by CBS and RCA in the United States. In 1941, he patented and demonstrated a system of three-dimensional television at a definition of 500 lines. On August 16, 1944, he gave the world's first demonstration of a fully electronic color television display. His 600-line color system used triple interlacing, using six scans to build each picture.

In 1943, the Hankey Committee was appointed to oversee the resumption of television broadcasts after the war. Baird persuaded them to make plans to adopt his proposed 1000-line Telechrome electronic color system as the new post-war broadcast standard. The picture quality on this system would have been comparable to today's HDTV (High Definition Television). The Hankey Committee's plan lost all momentum partly due to the challenges of postwar reconstruction. The monochrome 405-line standard remained in place until 1985 in some areas, and it was three decades until the introduction of the 625-line system in 1964 and (PAL) color in 1967. A demonstration of large screen three-dimensional television by the BBC was reported in March 2008, over 60 years after Baird's demonstration.

Other inventions

Baird was a talented innovator and his inventions spanned a much broader range than just television. Several of his early inventions were less than successful, however. In his twenties he tried to create diamonds by heating graphite and shorted out Glasgow's electricity supply. Later Baird invented a glass razor which was rust-resistant, but shattered. Inspired by pneumatic tires he attempted to make pneumatic shoes, but his prototype contained semi-inflated balloons which burst. He also invented a thermal undersock (the Baird undersock), which was moderately successful. Baird suffered from cold feet, and after a number of trials, he found that an extra layer of cotton inside the sock provided warmth .

Baird's numerous other developments demonstrated his talent. He was a visionary and began to dabble with electricity. In 1928, he developed an early video recording device, which he dubbed Phonovision. The system consisted of a large Nipkow disk attached by a mechanical linkage to a conventional 78-rpm record-cutting lathe. The result was a disc that could record and play back a 30-line video signal. Technical difficulties with the system prevented its further development, but some of the original phonodiscs have been preserved, and have since been restored by Donald McLean, a Scottish electrical engineer. He also achieved significant developments in fiber-optics, radio direction finding, and infrared night viewing.

There is uncertainty about his contribution to the development of radar, for his wartime defense projects were not officially acknowledged by the UK government. According to Malcolm Baird, his son, in 1926 Baird filed a patent for a device that formed images from reflected radio waves, a device remarkably similar to radar, and that he was in correspondence with the British government at the time. According to some experts, Baird's "noctovision" is not radar. Unlike radar (except Doppler radar), Noctovision is incapable of determining the distance to the scanned subject. Noctovision also cannot determine the coordinates of the subject in three-dimensional space.

Legacy

Bust of John Logie Baird, by Donald Gilbert in 1943, stands on The Promenade at Helensburgh

Baird is known, particularly in Britain, as the inventor of television, being the first to produce a live, black and white television image. The "Baird" name for television continues to be used by the Brighthouse retail chain in the UK as a brand name for its televisions.

Baird"s last home in Bexhill was divided and named "Baird Court," with a commemorative bronze plaque placed on the wall. However, despite public objections, it was demolished in August 2007. A new apartment building on the same site carries a historic plaque as well as the name "Baird Court."

Notes

Russell W. Burns John Logie Baird, Television Pioneer(London: The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2000, ISBN 978-0852967973), 1.
Burns, John Logie Baird, 10.
Malcolm Baird, Down the pub with John Logie Baird?
John Logie Baird (1888-1946) Scottish Science Hall of Fame, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Anthony Fellow American Media History(Cengage Learning, 2012, ISBN 978-1111348120), 278.
Malcolm Baird, Baird in America Baird Television. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
Malcolm Baird, John Logie Baird - the final months 1945-46 Baird Television. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
John Logie Baird Find A Grave. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
John Logie Baird (1888 - 1946) BBC History. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
Albert Abramson, The History of Television, 1880 to 1941, (McFarland, 2003, ISBN 978-0786412204), 13-15.
T. Thorne Baker Wireless Pictures and Television(London: Constable & Company, 1926), 28, 29, 81.
Burns, John Logie Baird, 33-34.
Russell W. Burns Television: An International History of the Formative Years(The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 1999, ISBN 978-0852969144), 264.
Donald F. McLean Restoring Baird's Image(The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2001, ISBN 978-0852967959), 37.
John Logie Baird: 1888 - 1946 "Who invented the television? How people reacted to John Logie Baird's creation 90 years ago" The Telegraph. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Antony Kamm and Malcolm Baird, John Logie Baird: A Life(Edinburgh: National Museums of Scotland Publishing, 2006, ISBN 978-1901663761), 69.
United States Patent 1,925,554 USPTO, September 5, 1933. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
R.F. Tiltman, How "Stereoscopic" Television is Shown, Radio News, November 1928. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
Interview with Paul Lyons, Historian and Control and Information Officer at Glasgow Central Station, January 19, 2009. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
Abramson, The History of Television, 99-101.
J.L. Baird, Television in 1932 BBC Annual Report, 1933. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
"Baird Television Limited - Growing Demand For Home Receivers - Success Of Large Screen Projections In Cinemas - etc." The Times, April 3, 1939, p23 column A.
Joseph H. Udelson The Great Television Race: A History of the American Television Industry 1925 - 1941(University of Alabama Press, 1982,

Most people know that Edison invented the light bulb and Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, but few are aware of the other small everyday conveniences that people today use every day and take for granted.

1. Willis Carrier

Willis Carrier invented the modern air conditioner in 1902. In 1915, he founded Carrier Technologies, which still produces air conditioners today.

2. John Harrington

John Harrington (Queen Elizabeth's godson) invented the flush toilet in 1596. It took years for his idea to be appreciated, but today it’s hard to imagine a world without a toilet.

3. Percy Spencer

The microwave oven was invented in 1945 by a man named Percy Spencer, who didn't even finish high school. He discovered this technology by accident during the operation of a microwave radar that Percy was near. The chocolate bar he had in his pocket melted.

4. Alexander Fleming

Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945. Today it is impossible to say how many lives his invention has saved since then.

5. John Logie Baird

John Logie Baird was one of the inventors who was responsible for the creation of television. In 1926, he demonstrated the world's first image transmission, in 1928 he invented the color picture tube for television, and in 1938 he conducted the first color television broadcast.

6. Orville and Wilbur Wright

In December 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first controlled flight of a heavier-than-air craft. Thanks to them, modern airplanes exist.

7. Alva J. Fisher

Alvah J. Fisher invented a drum washing machine called the Thor in 1907. This was the first electric washing machine to be commercially available.

8. Alan Turing

If Alan Turing had not existed, modern computers would not exist. He invented the decoding machine known as "The Bomb" during World War II. This machine is considered by most people to be the first general purpose computer. His paper entitled "On computable numbers with application to the resolution problem" serves as the foundation for modern computer science.

9. Henry Ford

Henry Ford invented the 5-day, 40-hour work week and implemented it in 1926 when he realized that his workers could be more efficient if they had free time to enjoy life. Before this, people worked six days a week, 10-13 hours a day.

10. Joseph Gayetti

Joseph Gayetti introduced the world to modern toilet paper in 1857. Before this, people used a wide variety of things (pieces of wool, hemp or special sticks).

11. Marion Donovan

Disposable diapers were invented by a woman named Marion Donovan in the early 1950s. But at first her invention was considered very impractical, and it was not until 1961 that Marion found someone who believed in her idea. This is how Pampers were created.

12. Georges de Mestral

Velcro, also known as Velcro, was invented by a Swiss man named Georges de Mestral in 1948. After returning home from a hike with his dog, he noticed burrs sticking to his clothes and wondered if this principle could be applied to clothing.

13. Alessandro Volta

14. George Crum

George Crum invented potato chips in 1853 completely by accident, while trying to teach a picky customer a lesson. One day, railroad magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt dined at Moon's Lake Lodge, where Crum was the chef. He returned the French fries to the kitchen, complaining that they were cut too thick. Crum sliced it to paper thickness, fried it, sprinkled it with salt, and returned it to the customer.

15. Nikola Tesla

Nikola Tesla invented Tesla coils, X-rays, radio, remote control, laser, electric motor, wireless communication and alternating current. He and Edison were bitter rivals as Edison stole many of Tesla's ideas. On this occasion, Tesla once said: “I don’t care at all, because with such actions Edison publicly admits that he cannot invent anything himself.”

Plan:

1 Birth and studies
2 Experiments in television
- 2.1 First public displays
- 2.2 Broadcasting
3 Other inventions

Introduction

Bust of John Baird in Helensburgh.

John Lawgie Baird(Baird; English) John Logie Baird; 13 August 1888, Helensburgh (Scotland) - 14 June 1946, Bexhill, Sussex, England) was a Scottish engineer who gained fame for creating the first mechanical television system. Although mechanical television was later supplanted by the developments of Vladimir Zworykin and Philo Farnsworth in the field of electronic television, Baird's first televisions are an important step in the development of television.

1. Birth and studies

Baird was born in Helensburgh, Argyll, Scotland. After studying at school, he entered and graduated from a technical college and university in Glasgow. Due to the outbreak of the First World War, he never received his doctorate and subsequently did not return to this topic.

2. Experiments in television

John Baird and his "TV", circa 1925.

First known photograph of the image produced by the Baird device, circa 1926.

Although television is the result of the work of many inventors, Baird is one of the pioneers. He will remain known as the first person to transmit a black and white (grayscale) image of an object over a distance. Many engineers worked on this topic, but Baird was the first to achieve results. This was after replacing the photoelectric element of the camera with a more advanced one and using a video amplifier.

Baird's early television experiments used a Nipkow disk, and in February 1924 he demonstrated a mechanical television system capable of transmitting and displaying moving images. The system reproduced only silhouettes of the objects being photographed, such as the bending of fingers. Already on March 25, 1925 in the store Selfridges(London) premiered a three-week television demonstration.

On October 2, 1925, in his laboratory, John Baird achieved success in transmitting a black and white (grayscale) image of a ventriloquist's dummy. The image was scanned in 30 vertical lines, 5 images per second were transmitted. Baird went downstairs and brought the courier, a 20-year-old William Edward Tainton(English) William Edward Taynton) to see what a human face will look like in the transmitted image. Edward Tainton is the first person whose image was transmitted using a television system. Looking for an opportunity to inform the public about his invention, Baird visited the newspaper office Daily Express. The newspaper editor was shocked by the proposed news. Later, one of the editorial staff recalled his words:

For God's sake, go downstairs to the reception area and get rid of the madman waiting there. He says he invented a machine to see through the radio! Be careful - he may be armed.

2.1. First public displays

On January 26, 1926, in his laboratory in London, Baird demonstrated image transmission to members Royal Association English Royal Institution and newspaper reporters The Times. By this time, he had increased the scanning speed to 12.5 images per second. This was the world's first display of a true television system that showed moving images in grayscale.

He demonstrated his first color transmitter in the world on July 3, 1928, using 3 Nipkow disks in a camera and a television: in the camera in front of each disk there was a filter that passed only one of the three primary colors, and in the television behind each disk a lamp of the corresponding color was installed .

That same year, Baird demonstrated his stereoscopic television.

In 1932, he was the first to transmit a signal in the VHF range.

2.2. Broadcasting

In 1927, Baird transmitted a television signal between London and Glasgow over a distance of 438 miles (705 km) via telephone wires. He subsequently founded the company Baird Television Development Company Ltd, which made the first transatlantic television transmission between London and Hartsdale (New York) in 1928 and created the first television program for the BBC. And from 1929 to 1935, the BBC broadcast its television programs using the 30-band Baird system.

In 1930 he demonstrated a theatrical television system, with a 2 x 5 ft (60 x 150 cm) screen, in London (Coliseum Theatre), Berlin, Paris and Stockholm. By 1939, he had perfected his theatrical television system - its screen was 15x12 feet (4.6x3.7 meters).

Baird made the first broadcast Epsom races(English) Epsom Derby) live in 1931.

On August 16, 1944, he demonstrated the first fully electronic color screen. The created system had 600 lines with triple interlaced scanning, the image was displayed on the screen in 6 stages.

In 1944, he convinced the British authorities to use the new 1,000-line color system for television broadcasts as a post-war standard. The image quality in this system was comparable to modern HDTV. But, due to many problems that arose in the country after the war, these plans were never realized. The 405-line standard remained in effect until the advent of the 625-line standard in 1964 and the PAL color system in 1967.

3. Other inventions

In addition to television, Baird tried to prove himself in many other areas. In his 20s, he tried to create diamonds by heating graphite and ended up short-circuiting the electrical grid at Glasgow University. After some time, he created a razor made of glass, although it broke. Following the example of car tires, he tried to create pneumatic shoes, but the tubes in the prototype burst. Thermal socks are another Baird invention that was more successful than others.

Phonovision, the first video recording device, is also Baird's invention.

Notes

The writing is given according to the reference book “Ermolovich D.I. English-Russian dictionary of personalities M.: Russian language, 2000.”
R. W. Burns, Television: An International History of the Formative Years, p. 264.
Donald F. McLean Restoring Baird's Image, p. 37.
Adventures in CyberSound: Baird, John Logie - www.acmi.net.au/AIC/BAIRD_BIO.html
J.L. Baird, Television in 1932 - www.bairdtelevision.com/1932.html.
The World's First High Definition Color Television System - www.bairdtelevision.com/colour.html. McLean, p. 196.

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This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/14/11 16:53:08
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John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor, scientist, and entrepreneur, created the first mechanical television system - this was an important step in the history of television development. John is a pioneer in this field, and he was the first to create and transmit in real time a moving image consisting of shades of gray and achieve positive results, despite the fact that many engineers were working on the topic. John demonstrated to the general public a television system using an electronic color tube. Subsequently, his electromechanical system was replaced by purely electronic systems of Philo Farnsworth, but John's inventions entered and deserved a certain place in the history of the development of world television.

Early in his career, John tried to work in the field of creating diamonds from graphite - and in the process managed to cut off power to the whole of Glasgow.

In 1924, Baird moved to the south coast of England, where he rented a workshop in Hastings and began conducting his first experiments on the scanning “Nipkow disks” of the inventor Paul Nipkow, created by him back in 1884. John's invention contains a disk, one of the main elements of a television system.

Two years later, in February 1924, he demonstrated to representatives of the Radio Times a semi-mechanical analogue of a television system - the transmission of vague moving silhouettes. Due to an accident in July of the same year, Baird left the workshop and moved to Soho, where the inventor demonstrated his invention to the general public for the first time in the Selfridges store for three weeks from March 25, 1925.

After some time, John decided to contact the press, but to the editor of the Daily Express, the idea of transmitting images wirelessly seemed absolutely crazy and pointless. Then Baird presented his invention to reporters and a member of the Royal Institution on January 26, 1926; at that time, the invention transmitted 12.5 frames per second. On July 3, 1928, the first color broadcast was made.

Note that a number of further projects were based on John’s inventions, despite the fact that the use of semi-mechanical structures was later abandoned, but Baird himself continued to work on electronic televisions.

John Logie Baird was born on August 13, 1888 in Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, Scotland, in the same city - Helensburgh at Larchfield Academy, he was educated, then studied in West Scotland at Glasgow Technical College and the University of Glasgow, but the First World War prevented him from completing his studies - getting a doctorate degree.
John Baird passed away on June 14, 1946 in Bexhill, East Sussex, England due to heart disease. Buried in Helensburgh Cemetery.

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John Logi Baird, inventor of television. John Logie Baird is the inventor of the first mass television. Inventions of Hovhannes Adamyan

First public displays

Other inventions

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Notes

see also

Links

Literature

Passage characterizing Baird, John Logie

Contents

Development of Television

First public demonstrations

Broadcasting

Other inventions

Legacy

Notes

1. Willis Carrier

2. John Harrington

3. Percy Spencer

4. Alexander Fleming

5. John Logie Baird

6. Orville and Wilbur Wright

7. Alva J. Fisher

8. Alan Turing

9. Henry Ford

10. Joseph Gayetti

11. Marion Donovan

12. Georges de Mestral

13. Alessandro Volta

14. George Crum

15. Nikola Tesla

Plan:

Introduction

1. Birth and studies

2. Experiments in television

2.1. First public displays

2.2. Broadcasting

3. Other inventions

Notes