Ege 2 period we will know together. How to learn the Great Patriotic War for passing the exam in history? Composition on the theme of the Second World War

Hello dear readers!

Step one: where to start?

The most difficult thing in any business is to determine what needs to be done first? I recommend dividing the events of the Great Patriotic War into periods (there should be three) - try to do it yourself or look at the World Wide Web. So it will be much easier for you to navigate them later. It is also important to know the background of the conflict, this will allow you to assess the level of danger of war for states, to highlight the allies of both sides.

Having determined the main periods of the war, distribute the events in each of them by months - the facts are much easier to remember in conjunction with the time of year.

Step two: read the sources.

So, we already know what happened and even a little bit of orientation in the dates. To consolidate the information and systematize it, download the tables on World War II, as a rule, they indicate the most important information, which is easily “sorted out”.

In order to deepen your knowledge, you need to read documents by period. This does not apply to the profile level of preparation, because many of them are found in the second part of the exam, so getting to know them is also an important part of the preparation.

Step three: meetings of heads of state.

This topic, namely conferences during the Second World War, often causes difficulties for graduates. Therefore, it is necessary to teach them in a separate block, and it is strictly necessary not to treat this issue superficially. The compilers of the exam are very fond of including questions on this topic in task number 8, as well as in task number 11, which is evaluated by three primary points. Agree, losing them will be very disappointing!

Step Four: Marshals of Victory.

If you have already learned the sequence of events, read historical sources and familiarized yourself with the tables, then it's time to move on to personalities. It is impossible not to notice the abundance of actors in the Great Patriotic War, especially the commanders and marshals of the Soviet Union. However, the difficulty in remembering them lies not so much in their number, but in the fact that it is necessary to know in which of the battles each of them took part. I acted on the advice of Ivan Sergeevich: create a letter abbreviation of battles, for example, "M" - the Moscow battle, "ST" - the Battle of Stalingrad. Do the same with the marshals, reducing their names to one or two letters. After that, you can easily learn the letter codes of battles in conjunction with personalities: "B" (Berlin operation) - "RZhK" (Rokossovsky, Zhukov, Konev).

Step Five: War Heroes.

The history exam also includes several questions that may require knowledge of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. To remember them, break the heroes into groups in which select snipers, pilots, and so on. This will help you not to get confused about who is who and quickly remember all the heroic personalities in each direction.

Step six: remember the dates.

You already know the whole chronology perfectly, but some dates fly out of your head? In this case, the pattern system, which foreigners often use, will help you. Write the dates in a table (or create them in Excel) by creating spaces in a checkerboard pattern: there is a date, but there is no event, and vice versa. Then just fill in these cards throughout the day, and even the most difficult facts will be easily remembered for a long time.

Step seven: looking for a globe.

Maps are the most important part of any topic, with which problems often arise, and maps on the Great Patriotic War are generally considered one of the most difficult. But do not rush to panic, because working with them is actually not difficult if you know some life hacks. As a rule, on any map there are clues that can give you an idea: look for the names of generals, dates of battles or names of fronts. Knowing the markers is also useful (they will need to be learned first), since each event has its own peculiarity, for example, you are unlikely to make a mistake if you remember what the name “Prokhorovka” near Kursk says.

Step eight: give culture to the masses.

Many graduates do not pay enough attention to the issue of culture during the Great Patriotic War and do it in vain. In the tasks of the exam, there are often questions that require knowledge on this topic, so the advice to learn the culture of the period of the Second World War will not be superfluous. For memorization, I used cards on which I wrote or printed a cultural monument on one side, and on the other I wrote its author and the time of creation - this method makes it easier to learn the material and quickly find it if you need to repeat it.

Step nine and the most pleasant: we have a rest with benefit.

It is much easier to remember any era if you “live” in it for a while. The best way to do this is through movies, books, TV series and everything that gives us pleasure. Look for interesting works on the period of the Great Patriotic War and watch films - in them, through the history of the main characters, the story of a huge conflict that led to numerous victims is also told. Literature lessons will also help you here, so do not forget about the theme of 1941-1945 in poetry and prose.

Step ten: control.

You have come a long way, having learned a huge amount of information. However, it often happens that we lose sight of something. To prevent this from happening, I advise you to test yourself by solving thematic tests. They are both throughout the Great Patriotic War, and in its periods. If you have errors, identify the main block in which problems arise - it can be marshals, heroes, dates, or something else, and then just finish the one that causes difficulties in solving. Profit!

Good luck with your preparations. Just put in some effort and the result will not keep you waiting!

Step one: where to start?

Having determined the main periods of the war, distribute the events in each of them by months - the facts are much easier to remember in conjunction with the time of year.

Step two: read the sources.

Step three: meetings of heads of state.

Step Four: Marshals of Victory.

Step Five: War Heroes.

Step six: remember the dates.

Step seven: looking for a globe.

Step eight: give culture to the masses.

Step nine and the most pleasant: we have a rest with benefit.

Step ten: control.

Good luck with your preparations. Just put in some effort and the result will not keep you waiting!

Similar content

Hello, dear applicants and friends of the site!

Today we will talk about an extremely important topic - the Great Patriotic War, within the framework of. This is not only the greatest event of the 20th century. War - has become a symbol of the invincibility of the Russian and friendly peoples. Of course, the topic is included in the exam tests. Of course, I can't cover all the facets of this topic here. To do this, I am preparing an author's course on all the history of Russia for applicants. However, I can still bring key things as part of this post on the history of the exam online.

Recommendation one: never confuse the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War. World War II dates September 1, 1939 to September 2, 1945; The Great Patriotic War - June 22, 1941 to May 8, 1945. These wars correlate with each other as a particular with a whole: The Great Patriotic War is a long period in World War II.

World War II and the Great Patriotic War:

Causes: the aggression of Nazi Germany, backed up by the ideology of Nazism, which was looked through the fingers of the Western powers: England, France, the USA. Fear of the "red threat", which did not allow the functioning of the collective security system in Europe, hence the desire of the West to strangle the USSR with Hitler's hands, to direct aggression to the East. This is precisely the reason for the so-called "strange war" in the first months.

Occasion: On August 31, 1939, a group of Nazis dressed in Polish uniform seized a radio station in the German city of Gleiwitz and broadcast in Polish that Poland wanted war against Germany. Of course it was a provocation.

Cause for WWII was not: after the attack on the USSR on June 22, 1941, Germany declared that the USSR had fired at the airfields of Romania, and Romania was an ally of Germany and therefore Germany declared war on the Soviet Union.

Course of events. World War II can be divided into the following periods:

1. The beginning of hostilities in Europe: from the attack of Nazi Germany on Poland to the aggression against the Soviet Union (September 1, 1939 to June 22, 1941)

2. the expansion of fascist and Nazi aggression and the scale of the war: from the attack of Nazi Germany and its allies on the USSR and the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union to the landing of the Anglo-American troops in North Africa and the counteroffensive of the Soviet Army near Stalingrad (June 22, 1941 to November 1942)

3. A radical turning point in the course of the Second World War: from the Soviet counter-offensive at Stalingrad to the capitulation of fascist Italy and the liberation of the left-bank Ukraine (November 1942 - December 1943)

4. The defeat of fascism and Nazism in Europe: from the offensive of the Soviet Army near Leningrad, in Ukraine and Belarus and the opening of a second front in Europe to the surrender of Germany (January 1944 - May 8, 1945). This ended the Great Patriotic War! But World War II continued!

5. The defeat of militaristic Japan: from the surrender of Germany to the surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945

Please learn these periods - then it will be easier for you when completing tasks for exam history online.

Results of the Second World War: the defeat of countries that supported Nazism and fascism as priorities for their development.

Consequences: human rights and freedoms are recognized and consolidated at the international level, the emergence of an active (and not inactive, like the League of Nations) international organization for the peaceful settlement of conflicts - the United Nations (UN), the split of the world into two opposing capitalist systems (leader of the United States ) and socialist (the leader of the USSR), as a result - a split among the allied countries in the anti-Hitler coalition. The beginning of the Cold War - the political, economic and ideological confrontation of countries and systems.

Ideology is a system of ideas about the structure of society. Fascism stands for statism - the primacy of a state that will deal with enemies outside, by exalting one people. But fascism does not stand for the destruction of all peoples, except for this one chosen people. He only gives him about Greater rights than others (chauvinism, anti-Semitism). Nazism is for the destruction of all peoples and nations - except for one, in the case of Nazi Germany - the Aryan. This is extremely important to remember when deciding and offline.

It is also impossible to equate communism and Nazism - they are different things. Watch the following interesting video to understand the difference.

AT Let's analyze some difficult exam tests on the topic of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War.

Test "The Great Patriotic War" in the USE format

1. Arrange in chronological order the events of the Great Patriotic War. Write down the numbers that indicate the events in the correct sequence.

1) Complete lifting of the blockade of Leningrad

2) Defense of the Brest Fortress

3) Operation "Bagration"

2. Establish a correspondence between the events of the Great Patriotic War and their dates: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

EVENTS

DATES

A) Yalta Conference

B) The beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad

B) Liberation of Sevastopol

D) Battle of Kursk

1) 1941

2) 1942

3) 1943

4) 1944

5) 1945

6) 1940

3. Below is a list of events. All of them, with the exception of two, occurred during the Great Patriotic War.

1) crossing the Dnieper

2) the battle at Lake Khasan

3) assault on the Mannerheim line

4) operation "Concert"

5) Smolensk battle

6) assault on the Seelow Heights

Find and write down the serial numbers of events related to another historical period.

4. Write the missing concept (term).

The state program for the supply by the United States of America of equipment, weapons, ammunition, strategic raw materials, food to allied countries, including the USSR, during the Second World War, is called _______________

5. Establish a correspondence between events and historical figures who participated in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

PERSONALITIES

EVENTS

A) V.G. Klochkov

B) N.F. Gastello

B) Ya.F. Pavlov

D) A.N. Saburov

1) Defense of Stalingrad

2) Moscow battle

3) defense of Sevastopol

4) air ram

5) blockade of Leningrad

6) partisan movement

6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

A) “At 6 o’clock on June 23, the troops of the 4th Army launched a counterattack on the enemy from the Zhabinka region. The Germans did not expect this at all and in a number of sectors of the front they were driven back several kilometers. But half an hour later, a lot of enemy planes appeared over our troops. Yu-88 dive bombers literally hung over the battle formations of the 14th mechanized corps.

Under the cover of aviation, Guderian's group went on the offensive. And at the turn of Kamenetz - Zhabinka - Radvanichi, a fierce oncoming battle unfolded. Almost all tanks and planes intended for operations in the Brest direction were drawn into it both from our side and from the German side. From the observation post of Colonel Bogdanov, the battle of our two tank regiments with a huge number of enemy tanks and the artillery accompanying them was clearly visible. Against the first echelon of the 30th tank

divisions deployed two fascist tank divisions, the 17th and 18th. The battlefield from end to end was littered with flaming fighting vehicles... We captured several prisoners... These were the first prisoners taken in the zone of our army. ... This battle turned into a kind of tank duel with an undoubted advantage on the side of the enemy. The Germans had more tanks, and the aircraft supported them better. We had here only light ... T-26

with 15 mm frontal armor and 45 mm guns. The German tank divisions, on the other hand, had a significant number of new T-4 vehicles with 30 mm frontal armor and armed with 75 mm guns.<...>

And yet the 30th Panzer Division fought stubbornly, its people behaved heroically, and the enemy suffered heavy losses.

B) “What, gentlemen, is the difference now, in the 27th month of the war, a difference that I especially notice, having spent several months of this time abroad. We are now facing new difficulties, and these difficulties are no less complex and serious, no less profound than those we faced last spring. The government needed heroic means to combat the general disorder of the national economy. We ourselves are the same as before. We are the same on the 27th month of the war,

what they were on the 10th and what they were on the first. We continue to strive for total victory, we remain ready to make the necessary sacrifices, and we continue to want to maintain national unity. But I will say openly: there is a difference in position. We have lost faith that this power can lead us to victory ... (voices: "That's right"), because in relation to this power, both the attempts to correct and improve the attempts that we made here did not turn out to be successful.

When you have been waiting a whole year for an action by Rumania, insisting on this action, and at the decisive moment you have neither troops nor the opportunity to quickly bring them up along the only narrow-gauge road, and thus you once again miss the favorable moment to strike

a decisive blow in the Balkans - what do you call it: stupidity or treason? (voices on the left: "One and the same"). When, contrary to our repeated insistence (...), the case is deliberately hindered, and an attempt

a clever and honest minister to decide, even at the last minute, the question in a favorable sense ends with the departure of this minister and a new delay, and our enemy, finally, takes advantage of our delay - is this: stupidity or treason? (voices on the left: "Treason"). Choose any. The consequences are the same."

CHARACTERISTICS

1) The passage refers to a war that claimed more than 20 million lives of our fellow citizens.

2) The passage refers to the war, from which Russia left ahead of schedule, violating its obligations to the allies.

3) The passage refers to the war, the result of which was the annexation of the Crimea.

4) The passage refers to the war, as a result of which Russia was forbidden to have a fleet on the Black Sea.

5) The passage refers to the war, during which the "Big Three" was formed.

6) The passage refers to the war, during which power and the form of government changed in Russia.

Fragment A

Fragment B

7. Which of the following refers to the events of the Great Patriotic War in.? Choose three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) operation "Bagration"

2) Manchurian operation

3) the tragedy of Pearl Harbor

4) Yassko-Chisinau operation

5) Potsdam Conference

6) East Pomeranian operation

8. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want.

A) The purpose of Operation ____________ was to destroy the enemy troops encircled in Stalingrad.

B) The commander of one of the largest partisan formations in enemy-occupied Ukraine was ____________ ____________, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

B) On the northern face of the Kursk Bulge, the Germans, having not achieved success on July 5 near Olkhovatka, suffered a blow in the direction of the village of ____________, but even here they advanced only from 10 to 12 km.

Missing items:

1) "Uranus"

2) Prokhorovka

3) S. A. Kovpak

4) "Ring"

5) Ponyri

6) P. M. Masherov

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

9. Establish a correspondence between dates and events associated with them

a) April 16, 1945 1. Raising the Red Banner of Victory over the Reichstag

b) April 25, 1945 2. Complete capture of Berlin by Soviet troops

c) April 30, 1945 3. Beginning of the Berlin operation

d) May 2, 1945 4. The beginning of the anti-fascist uprising in Prague

5. Meeting of Soviet and Anglo-American troops on the Elbe

6. Signing of the Act of unconditional surrender of Germany

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

10. Read an excerpt from the memoirs and indicate the battle in question.

“Having gone through all the possible options, we decided to propose to I.V. Stalin the following plan of action: the first is to continue to wear down the enemy with active defense, the second is to start preparing counteroffensives in order to inflict on the enemy ... such a blow that dramatically changed the strategic situation in the south in our benefit...

When evaluating the enemy, we proceeded from the fact that fascist Germany was no longer in a position to fulfill its strategic plan of 1942. The forces and means that Germany had at its disposal by the autumn of 1942 would not be enough to complete tasks either in the North Caucasus or in the Don and Volga region ...

The General Staff, on the basis of these fronts, studied the strengths and weaknesses of the German, Hungarian, Italian and Romanian troops. The troops of the satellites, in comparison with the German ones, were worse armed, less experienced, and insufficiently combat-ready even in defense. And most importantly - their soldiers and many officers did not want to die for the interests of others in the distant fields of Russia ...

The position of the enemy was further aggravated by the fact that ... he had very few troops in the operational reserve, no more than six divisions, and even those were scattered over a wide front ... We were also favored by the operational configuration of the entire enemy front: our troops occupied an enveloping position..."

11. Fill in the empty cells of the table using the data presented in the list below. For each cell marked with letters, select the number of the required element.

event

the date

Member(s)

Offensive operation "Overlord"

_________ (BUT)

D. Eisenhower, B. Montgomery

Battle of Stalingrad

_________ (B)

___________ (AT)

______________ (G)

August–December 1943

G. K. Zhukov, K. K. Rokossovsky, I. S. Konev

Battle for Moscow

__________ (D)

___________ (E)

Missing items:

1) M. A. Egorov, M. V. Kantaria

2) September 1941 - April 1942

3) Ya. F. Pavlov

4) the battle of Kursk

5) the battle for the Dnieper

8) I. V. Panfilov

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

12. Read an excerpt from the book by V. Afanasenko “56th army in the battles for Rostov. The first victory of the Red Army. October-December 1941"

For the first time since the beginning of the war, Soviet troops stopped the enemy's offensive, liberated a large industrial and transport center and pushed the Wehrmacht back 60-80 km. For the first time, the enemy retreated, losing people and military equipment, and then went on the defensive along the entire sector of the front ... On December 5, on the day the Soviet troops went on the counteroffensive near Moscow, I.V. Stalin received congratulations from British Prime Minister W. Churchill, who wrote: “Let me take this opportunity to tell you with what admiration the whole British people are following the staunch defense of Leningrad and Moscow by the brave Russian armies and how happy we are all about your brilliant victory in Rostov-on-Don.” (But the victory near Rostov has ceased speak) under the influence of subsequent tragic events, and above all as a result of the second surrender of Rostov-on-Don in July 1942, which caused the famous order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 227, which contained bitter reproaches: " Part of the troops of the Southern Front, following the alarmists, left Rostov and Novocherkassk without serious resistance and without an order from Moscow, covering their banners with shame ... " Unfortunately, the mention of the liberation of Rostov-on-Don in November 1941 has become irrelevant. Only in 1983, Rostov-on-Don was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, and only in 2008 became the City of Military Glory.

Using the passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below.

Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

After the fighting, Soviet guard units were formed under this city.

In late November - early December 1941, the enemy retreated for the first time, losing both people and equipment, and a large Soviet city was liberated for the first time.

The success of the Red Army near Rostov-on-Don was recognized as a serious success by the allies of the USSR.

The victory near Rostov became one of the symbols of the success of Soviet weapons during the war years of 1941-1945.

13.

Look at the diagram and complete the task

Write the name of the military plan shown on the map.

14. Look at the diagram and complete the task

Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram by the number "4".

15. Look at the diagram and complete the task

Write the number that indicates the city for the capture of which Operation Typhoon was designed.

16. Look at the diagram and complete the task

What judgments relating to the events indicated on the map are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) The map refers to the initial stage of the war.

2) Germany planned to end the war by the end of the summer of 1942.

3) To repel the aggression indicated on the map, the Labor and Defense Council was created.

4) The leader of the country at that time was I.V. Stalin.

5) The battle near Smolensk was an important stage in the disruption of the fascist strategy of "blitzkrieg".

6) The offensive of the German troops was stopped along the entire front line in the winter of 1941.

17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

MONUMENTS OF CULTURE

CHARACTERISTICS

A) "Warrior-Liberator"

B) "Vasily Terkin"

C) "Two fighters"

D) "Motherland"

1) The author of this creation is the poet A. T. Tvardovsky.

2) This Soviet film is dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War.

3) This monument is located in Berlin.

4) This work is dedicated to the events of the final stage of the war.

5) N. Kryuchkov and P. Aleinikov played the main roles in this film.

6) This monument is the second in the sculptural triptych of E. Vuchetich.

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

18. Look at the picture and do the task

Which statements about this cartoon are correct? Choose two sentences from the five offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) This cartoon was created in the first half of the 1930s.

2) At the moment when the event to which the cartoon is dedicated took place, the USSR was at war with Finland.

3) The caricature was created in the USSR and published in the press in the same year when the event to which it is dedicated took place.

4) The cartoon is dedicated to the violation of an international treaty by one of the countries.

5) The event to which the cartoon is dedicated meant the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

19. Which of the listed objects were built during the years of the Soviet leadership of the political figure depicted in the cartoon. In the answer, write down the two numbers under which they are indicated.

20. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of the German general G. Guderian and briefly answer questions 20-22. The answers assume the use of information from the source, as well as the application of historical knowledge in the course of the history of the corresponding period.

“The offensive began on July 5 with a maneuver long known to the Russians from numerous previous operations, and therefore unraveled by them in advance. Hitler ... wanted to destroy the positions of the Russians advanced in the form of an arc with a double encirclement ... and thereby seize the initiative on the Eastern Front again in his own hands.

From July 10 to July 15, I visited both advancing fronts ... and on the spot, in conversations with tank commanders, I clarified the course of events, the shortcomings of our tactical methods in offensive combat and the negative aspects of our equipment. My fears about the insufficient preparedness of the Panther tanks for combat operations at the front were confirmed. 90 Porsche Tiger tanks ... also showed that they did not meet the requirements of close combat; these tanks, as it turned out, were not even adequately supplied with ammunition. The situation was further aggravated by the fact that they did not have machine guns... They failed to either destroy or suppress enemy infantry emplacements and machine gun nests in order to enable their infantry to advance... Having advanced about 10 km, Model's troops were stopped. True, success was greater in the south, but it was not enough to block the Russian arc or to reduce resistance. On July 15, the Russian counterattack on Oryol began ... On August 4, the city had to be abandoned. Belgorod fell on the same day...

As a result of the failure of the offensive ……………. we have suffered a decisive defeat. The armored forces, replenished with such great difficulty, were put out of action for a long time due to heavy losses in people and equipment ... Needless to say, the Russians hurried to use their success. And there were no more quiet days on the Eastern Front. The initiative has completely passed to the enemy.

What events of the period of the Great Patriotic War are discussed in the memoirs of Heinz Guderian? What year did they take place?

21. What was the name of the operation of the German command, which is mentioned in the memoirs? Name at least two tasks that the German command set for its troops during this operation?

22. Based on the text and your own knowledge from the history course, explain why historians call the events of the multi-day battle described “the completion of a radical change” in the course of the war. Give at least two reasons.

23. In the memoirs of many contemporaries about the Great Patriotic War, the Battle of Moscow occupies a special place. So, when Marshal G.K. Zhukov was asked what event of the last war he most remembered, he always answered: "The Battle for Moscow." Guess what explains the special significance of the Battle of Moscow in the history of the Great Patriotic War (give at least three assumptions).

24. In historical science, there are debatable problems on which different, often contradictory, points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science:

"The signing of the non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany and the secret protocol to it was a diplomatic success of the USSR."

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it.

Write your answer in the following form.

Arguments to support:

1) …

2) …

Arguments in rebuttal:

1) …

2) …

25. You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods in the history of Russia:

1) 1941-1942;

2) 1942-1943;

3) 1944-1945

The essay must:

- indicate at least two events (phenomena, processes) relating to a given period of history;

- name two historical personalities whose activities are associated with the indicated events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the role of these personalities in the events (phenomena, processes) of a given period of Russian history;

- indicate at least two causal relationships that existed between events (phenomena, processes) within a given period of history.

Using the knowledge of historical facts and (or) the opinions of historians, give one historical assessment of the significance of this period for the history of Russia. In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to use historical terms, concepts related to this paragraph.