Unified State Examination in Social Studies option 2. We pay special attention to the functions, types, signs of phenomena. Consider. First, let's define what tests are.
Typical test tasks in social science contain 10 options for sets of tasks, compiled taking into account all the features and requirements of the Unified State Exam in 2015. The purpose of the manual is to provide readers with information about the structure and content of the control measuring materials in 2015 in social science, the degree of difficulty of tasks.
The collection contains answers to all test options and provides detailed evaluation criteria for all tasks with a detailed answer of part 2 used in the exam to record answers and solutions.
The manual is intended for teachers to prepare students for the Unified State Examination in Social Science. as well as high school students and applicants - for self-training and self-control.
What is the relationship between global problems?
1) the country's parliament amended the law on nature protection
2) the expansion of arable land in a number of African countries leads to massive deforestation
3) a decrease in the birth rate in a number of developed countries leads to a reduction in labor resources
4) world instability prompts the government to increase military spending
Natalia often visits exhibitions and art galleries. Art gives you the opportunity to understand yourself and the world more deeply. The peculiarity of art as a means of knowledge is that it
1) relies on forms of sensory cognition
2) aimed at comprehending the truth
3) uses artistic images
4) in all its forms is understandable
Are the following statements about religion correct?
A. Religion appeared along with the state.
B. Religion is an integral part of culture.
1) only A is true
3) both statements are correct
2) only B is true
4) both judgments are wrong
CONTENT
Instructions for performing work.
Option 1.
Part 1.
Part 2.
Option 2.
Part 1.
Part 2.
Option 3.
Part 1.
Part 2.
Option 4.
Part 1.
Part 2.
Option 5.
Part 1.
Part 2.
Option 6.
Part 1.
Part 2.
Option 7.
Part 1.
Part 2.
Option 8.
Part 1.
Part 2.
Option 9.
Part 1.
Option 10.
Part 1.
Part 2.
The system of assessment of examination work in social science.
Option 1.
Option 2.
Part I
Option 3.
Option 4.
Option 5.
Option 6.
Option 7.
Option 8.
Option 9.
Option 10.
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Download the book Unified State Examination 2015, social studies, typical test tasks, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L., 2015 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.
- Unified State Examination 2015, Social studies, Typical test tasks, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L., 2015
- USE, Social Studies, Expert in the USE, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L., Korolkova E.S., Brandt M.Yu., 2015
- Unified State Examination 2015, social science, practical work on the implementation of typical test tasks of the Unified State Examination, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L., Korolkova E.S.
- USE 2015, social studies, 25 variants of typical test tasks and preparation for the implementation of part 2, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L., Korolkova E.S.
The following tutorials and books.
Online attracts with the convenience of passing the test. In order to prepare for exam, the student only needs a computer with Internet access, while to work with a regular demo version, you need to constantly make printouts. Options, which are offered by online services, are formed from a bank of tasks compiled and approved by FIPI. Test questions are completely similar to exam questions. They have the same complexity and format. At the same time, the online exam in social studies in 2015 includes only the questions of the first part, which must be answered briefly. The remaining tasks are not included in it, since they do not require detailed explanations and cannot be checked automatically. They must be done separately in writing.
Take an online exam in social studies offered in any order. Graduates can choose an arbitrary sequence of solving tasks, check answers and return to missed questions. This allows you to make the preparation as convenient as possible. Solve online in social studies possible without time limits. At the beginning, this makes it possible to analyze the test in detail and learn the principles of performing complex tasks. At the final stages of preparation, it is necessary to limit the time yourself. 235 minutes will be given to complete the examination paper in social studies. FIPI experts recommend distributing it as follows:
- questions 1-3, 5-8, 10, 11, 13-15, 17-19, 22-24 should be spent no more than four minutes;
- for questions 4, 9, 12, 16, 20, 21, 25-35 - no more than eight minutes;
- essay (task 36) - 45 minutes.
It must be recalled that the demo version cannot completely replace classes with textbooks and teachers. Sample USE tests do not contain questions on specific topics that are included in the exam program. Their complete list is presented in the codifier, which can be found on the FIPI website. There is also a specification and a demo version of social studies.
The best way to consolidate the USE topic you have passed is to solve a number of test tasks, analyze them with an USE expert in social studies and get answers to them. This is how the classes of our VKontakte group are built, the number of subscribers of which has already exceeded 2300 people. So, let's solve the USE tests on the right with answers!
The eminent economist, industrialist and businessman Henry Ford once wittily remarked that “…it's good that people don't understand how our banking system works. Otherwise tomorrow there would be a revolution.” The creator of the conveyor could afford this statement, we - no! We will solve typical test tasks for the "Economics" block of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2015.
The concept of "culture" can include almost everything that a person does. At the same time, the block "Spiritual Culture" of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2015 is represented by a number of topics, most of which we have already analyzed on the site. I propose to test our knowledge and solve test tasks on the topics covered!
"Hard in teaching - easy in battle"! As never before, the thesis of the great Suvorov is applicable to preparing for the Unified State Examination in social science. Why is constant testing of the exam important? The more tests you solve, the more “full” your hand is, the faster the solution speed, the more recognizable the tasks! We offer you an example of intermediate testing of the exam.
Do you want to consolidate your knowledge in the first block of the USE codifier in social studies "Man and Society"? Then solve the introductory test. Here, those definitions, processes and problems are checked, without understanding which it is difficult to count on the assimilation of the following complex blocks of the exam. Let's take the USE test "Society".
How to pass the test?
If you want to get the maximum score on the Unified State Exam in social studies, you, first of all, will have to learn how to solve tests. Let's discuss what the USE tests are, and how to solve them, what tricks and nuances exist here? What online tests to solve?
First, let's define what tests are.
These are tasks to choose from several proposed. In general, all tasks offered in the demo version of the USE 2014 and USE 2015 are divided into two large blocks - part A + part B, these are test tasks, and part C is complex written tasks.
Each of these social studies exam blocks require a different approach. If in part of the USE tests you, in fact, just need to find out the already familiar wording (studied during preparation), or choose the most suitable one from the proposed ones, then in part FROM You will have to show the ability to work with text and express your thoughts yourself. And this, you see, is more difficult.
However, test (parts BUT And IN USE-2015) and written (part FROM) give approximately the same result, expressed in USE scores. Therefore, as the experience of passing the USE-2014 and previous years shows, you need to be equally successful in completing both blocks.
In addition, in part B, some tasks, for example, IN 1, do not contain an answer choice. For example, if you do not know the function of money, you will not solve a similar task from the USE 2014:
IN 1. Write down the missing word in the diagram:
Of course, this significantly complicates our task; we cannot do without special theoretical knowledge in social science.
So, what will help you solve the USE tests in social studies for the maximum score? First of all, read the question! A correctly understood question is half the correct answer. We look:
A1. The following cannot be classified as a small social group:
1) classmates 3) women of Moscow 3) swarthy people 4) a team of workers
We immediately see classmates - a small group, BUT they asked those who CANNOT be taken. Moscow is a city, there are many millions of women, this is not a small group!
Answer: 3) women of Moscow.
Knowing the wording will help solve the test question of the exam in social studies.
Let's see, for example, such a task of the trial exam in social studies in 2014:
A2. Of the listed sciences, the knowledge of society as a system of elements is engaged in:
1) cultural studies 2) jurisprudence 3) sociology 4) ethics
Knowing that society is society, we answer 3) sociology.
Another way is the enumeration method.
Rejection of incorrect answers in reasoning. For example, solve another task of part 1 of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2014:
A3. Explanation, description and prediction of reality is the immediate goal:
A) art B) science C) education D) culture
Answers concerning spiritual culture are offered. But, culture is a general designation of all types of human activity, the purpose of art is not to explain, and education does not predict events. So the answer B) science.
We pay special attention to the functions, types, signs of phenomena. Consider
Consider the difficult question of the “Law” block from the Unified State Examination in 2013:
A3. In the Russian Federation, by-laws include:
1) Decree of the President of the Russian Federation
2) The Constitution of the Russian Federation
3) international treaty of the Russian Federation
You need to know the types of by-laws - these are presidential decrees, government decrees, orders, instructions, orders of ministries and departments. And the Constitution is the main Law, the code has the status of a Federal Law (FZ), international treaties generally stand apart in this system and may not comply with the norms of Russian legislation, surpassing them in legal force.
The answer is thus 1) Decree of the President of the Russian Federation.
Correspondence - correlation of phenomena and their signs, functions.
And one more type of test tasks is presented in part IN. The difficulty here is that a larger amount of material is checked, it is easier to get confused. For example, let's look at another question from the real exam in social studies:
IN 2. Establish a correspondence between the criterion of social status and its type: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
STATUS CRITERIA TYPES OF STATUS
1) social origin A) attainable
2) wealth B) prescribed
3) age
4) profession
5) floor
Write down the letters of the selected answers in the table, and then transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer sheet (without spaces or other symbols).
Status - position in society. Achievable status, in the theory of social science - the ability to achieve which is in life. Prescribed - given from birth. It turns out that the achieved statuses will be profession, education. And the rest - prescribed (origin, for example).
Now we pay attention to the correctness of writing the answer in such tasks: “transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer sheet (without spaces and other characters)”. Get:
Answer: BABAB.
Why is it important to follow the instructions exactly when submitting an answer?
Parts BUT And B are checked by computer, the machine simply discards all non-corresponding answers using a special program.
Therefore, for example, option 1B2A3B4A5B is NOT TRUE.
Just like B, A, B, A, B.
And, the last tip: decide maximum number of tests, be mistaken, remember!
Solve all available tests of the USE trial exams of 2013 and 2014, they can be found on the net, solve tests online.
It is better to solve tests prepared by FIPI. So, in 2013 and 2014, the institute expanded the base of the open segment of tasks for all subjects of the USE, and social science. However, it will not be possible to solve them online, there are no answers on the FIPI portal. We are ready to help you, please contact us with complex, incomprehensible tests for you, in the comments we will consider them online.
Each passed test adds serious experience to our life. It may or may not be successful, but it remains with us, helping to overcome further obstacles. The experience of each USE campaign is invaluable. Let's look at the tasks of the USE in 2015 with an eye to preparing for the USE in 2016.
Rejection of the test part
Please see my daughter's work. Is it possible to try to get something additionally in the second part. In the first she has 33 out of 35 points, but in the second only 16 out of 27, in total 74 test points.
It should be noted that this is the average that is shown by applicants using our video course in preparation for the exam. Note that this score 16 points ABOVE the average Russian indicator, which in 2015 amounted to 58.6 on the Unified State Examination in social studies.
We analyze the tasks of the USE 2015 in social science
Further, we received from our subscriber scanned forms for completing written assignments. Let's analyze them. We will not be able to do this completely, unfortunately, since we do not have to which assignments 28-31 were given. I had to rely on logic here.
Question 29: three principles of public law + name another principle not mentioned in the text.
Expert opinion:
28. For this task, the graduate received 1 point out of two possible. Everything is written correctly, there are no direct errors in the text. Perhaps (?) from the text it was necessary to find one more difference? In general, either part of the question (answer) is lost, or can be appealed.
29. For this task, the graduate received 0 points out of two possible. Points 2 and 3 in the answer contradict each other. Especially point 2 looks like a mistake, since, of course, not only the criminal prosecution of the offender will be for violation of the norms of public law.
Here is an example of what could be true. Public law is characterized by:
- unilateral will;
- subordination of subjects and legal acts;
- the predominance of imperative norms;
- orientation to meet the public interest.
There is no point in appealing here.
30. No question, I can't answer.
Let's look at the following student responses:
2. Natalia often visits exhibitions and art galleries. Art gives you the opportunity to understand yourself and the world more deeply. The peculiarity of art as a means of knowledge is that it
1) relies on forms of sensory cognition
2) aimed at comprehending the truth
3) uses artistic images
4) in all its forms is understandable
3. Are the following statements about religion correct?
A. Religion appeared along with the state.
B. Religion is an integral part of culture.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4. Vasily goes to school and, in addition to studying, is fond of drawing, chess, and sports games. In other words, the field of his activity is wide. What are the components of the business structure? Select the required positions from the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
4) ability
5) results
5. The equilibrium price in a market economy is the price of coincidence
1) money and commodity mass
2) supply and demand
3) production and marketing
4) production and consumption
6. What is a dividend?
1) income of the shareholder
2) interest on a bank deposit
3) income from the rental of real estate
4) mortgage rate
7. The graph shows the situation on the imported footwear market: the supply line S has moved to a new position S 1 (P is the price of the product, Q is the quantity of the product.
This movement may be associated primarily with (co)
1) increased competition between manufacturers
2) installation of new equipment in shoe factories
3) the creation of branches of large enterprises in a number of regions
4) increase in import duties
8. Are the following judgments about the economic culture of the individual correct?
A. The economic culture of the individual presupposes a connection between consciousness and practical activity.
B. Economic knowledge is an important component of the individual's economic culture.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
9. The owner of the barbershop paid interest on a loan taken from a bank. What additional fixed costs does he have to bear in the short run? Select fixed costs from the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) rent payments
2) the cost of buying hair dryers
3) salaries for hairdressers
4) utility bills
5) expenses for the purchase of hair care products
6) payment of insurance premiums
10. Which of the following is an indicator of social mobility?
1) expansion of social contacts
2) change of residence
3) replenishment of the family
4) transition to a new stratum
11. Are the following statements about social role correct?
A. The role is a model of behavior to be followed by a person occupying a corresponding position.
B. The requirements arising from the social role completely subordinate the behavior of a person.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
12. In the course of a sociological survey, its participants were asked to answer the question: "What attracts you most in your work?" Individual survey results are shown in the table (in %; survey participants could choose multiple answers).
| Answer options | 1998 | 2010 |
| good pay | 21 | 29 |
| Compliance with my ability | 25 | 30 |
| Opportunity for professional advancement | 3 | 8 |
| Proximity to residence | 30 | 31 |
| Convenient mode of operation | 27 | 23 |
| Good team | 22 | 24 |
| Ability to show independence and initiative | 5 | 8 |
What conclusions can be drawn from the data in the table? Choose the items you need from the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Priorities in assessing the attractiveness of a job have not changed between surveys.
2) The majority of respondents value working conditions higher than its opportunities for creative and professional growth.
3) During the period between surveys, the number of those who are interested in a good team has grown the least.
4) The survey showed a downward trend in the value of job creativity.
5) During the period between the surveys, the number of those who value decent earnings has grown the most.
13. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state budget develops
1) President of the Russian Federation
2) State Duma of the Russian Federation
3) Government of the Russian Federation
14. The newly created party shares the ideas of a market economy with the active role of the state, which should comprehensively support working people, poorly protected social groups. Its main political principles are equality and social justice. This party adheres to the ideology
1) liberalism
2) conservatism
3) social democracy
15. Are the following statements about political behavior correct?
A. Innovative forms of political behavior reinforce existing patterns.
B. The most massive forms of political behavior are elections and referendums.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
16. State Z has a partial ban on opposition activity. What additional information indicates that an authoritarian political regime has been established in the state?
1) power is public
2) a system of law enforcement agencies has developed
3) all aspects of life are subject to a single ideology
4) the church as a public institution has a great influence
5) power structures are used to hold power
6) control over the economy is completely centralized
17. What data is entered in the work book?
1) about awards and promotions
2) about disciplinary sanctions
3) about a change in marital status
18. Cooperative Spektr filed a claim against the joint-stock company for damages in connection with the violation of the terms of delivery of component parts. The results obtained did not satisfy the leadership of the cooperative, and it demanded the return of the funds transferred to the institution. This dispute may be litigated
1) world
2) arbitration
3) general jurisdiction
19. Are the following judgments about legal relations correct?
A. Legal relations are inextricably linked with legal norms.
B. Legal relations, in addition to relations between people, regulate relations between man and animal.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
20. Find legal ways to enforce obligations in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
3) surety
4) the threat of ruin
5) deposit
21. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Federation are
1) federal structure and territory of the Russian Federation
2) establishment of the legal foundations of the single market
3) implementation of measures to combat catastrophes, natural disasters
4) general issues of upbringing, education
5) defense and security
6) criminal law
22. Write down the word missing in the table.
Activity structure
23. Find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts of the series below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.
1) status set; 2) personal status; 3) main status; 4) social status; 5) status hierarchy.
24. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, are related to social control.
1) sanction; 2) social value; 3) sovereignty; 4) the requirement of morality; 5) the need of the individual; 6) legal norm.
Find two terms that "fall out" of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
25. Establish a correspondence between the types of labor markets and their characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
26. Read the text below, each position of which is indicated by a specific letter.
(A) At the turn of the first millennium of our era, Christianity appears. (B) Six centuries later, in Arabia, among the Arab tribes, Islam is born. (C) The religious worldview implies a person's belief in something supernatural, which cannot be explained using the available methods of knowing the world. (D) Religious beliefs spiritually enriched humanity, contributed to the creation of powerful states. (E) It is difficult to agree with the opinion that world religions are something obsolete, obsolete.
Determine which positions of the text have
1) actual character
2) the nature of value judgments
3) the nature of theoretical statements
Write in the table under the letter denoting the position, the number expressing its nature.
27. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of gaps.
"The form of the state, no matter how it is expressed, always has a direct connection with the state ________ (A). The forms of government differ depending on whether the power is exercised by one person or whether it belongs to the collective _________ (B). In the first case, we we have a monarchy, in the second ________ (C).A parliamentary monarchy is distinguished by the fact that _________ (D) the monarch is formally and actually limited in all areas of the exercise of state power.Legislative power belongs to ________ (D), executive - _________ (E).Parliamentary monarchies in scientific literature is often referred to as constitutional monarchies.
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once.
Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
List of terms:
1) federation
2) government
3) president
4) parliament
6) elected body
7) politics
9) republic
The table below lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.
| BUT | B | IN | G | D | E |
PART 2
To record answers to the tasks of this part (28 - 36), use the answer sheet No. 2. First write down the task number (28, 29, etc.), and then detailed response on him. Write your answers clearly and legibly.
Read the text and complete tasks 28 - 31.
Some believe that because thinking is a complex process, its study is beyond our technical capabilities and our understanding. Such an argument has some truth and some falsehood. It is hard not to admit that many features of our thinking remain a mystery, but it is also true that the achievements of psychology have given us a wonderful arsenal of methods and models that can reveal some of the facts related to thinking. Thinking is involved in solving problems and forming concepts.
Concept formation (or concept acquisition) refers to the ability to ascertain the properties inherent in a certain class of objects or ideas. A concept can be defined as a set of certain essential features and rules linking these features. Signs mean some characteristics of objects related to other objects. Mobility, for example, is a sign of a car, but other objects also have mobility - trains, birds. A person determines how significant a given feature is for this object based on certain criteria. Features can be distinguished on both a quantitative and a qualitative basis. So, mobility is a qualitative trait that can be measured quantitatively. For example, a car of this brand has this feature to a greater extent than cars of other brands.
The formation of concepts is one of the most important cognitive functions of a person. In most sciences, during their formation, the formation of concepts plays a decisive role in the organization of data. The arrangement of elements in chemistry, the development of a phylogenetic classification in biology, the classification of types of memory in biology are all examples of the formation of concepts that contribute to a better understanding of the subject.
If we imagine the myriad of different objects and events that we encounter in everyday life, then the task of acquiring concepts may be too difficult, and yet this amazing task is relatively easy to perform. It may well be that comprehension of the world is possible only through the development of cognitive structures that connect seemingly scattered objects and events into a single concept. Thus, the study of concept formation is not isolated from the main stream of everyday life, but is right at the center of it.
The terms "thought" and "thinking" signify the general process of considering a matter in the mind; Logic is the science of thinking that studies its laws. Two people may be thinking about the same thing, but their conclusions through thinking may be different; one will be "logical", the other - "illogical".
29. How are thinking and logic related? Why can the conclusions of reflections in the presence of one subject of consideration or one topic differ for different people?
30. The author notes that the concept is defined through a set of essential features. Based on social science knowledge, indicate one essential feature of any three concepts related to different spheres of society.
31. There is a point of view according to which abstract reasoning is not capable of leading to correct conclusions without the inclusion of direct observation, sensory data. Give two arguments in support of this position and one argument against.
32. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "social role"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the role system, and the second sentence containing information about the role conflict.
33. In a market economy, with a certain periodicity, there are ups and downs in production and business activity. Give three explanations of the reasons for the cyclical development of the economy in market conditions. Please specify any of these reasons.
34. The commercial enterprise "Sigma" is engaged in the development and distribution of software for computers. The profit received from the sale of products is distributed in accordance with the size of the share contributed by each member of the collective and the share of his labor participation. What is the legal form of this enterprise? Give two indications on which you established this. Name one more additional feature of this organizational and legal form, not specified in the condition of the problem.
35. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Political Consciousness". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
By completing task 36, you can show your knowledge and skills on the content that is more attractive to you. For this purpose, choose only ONE of the statements below (36.1 - 36.5).
36. Choose ONE of the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic touched upon).
When presenting your thoughts on the problem raised (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use the knowledge gained in the study of the social science course, the relevant concepts, as well as the facts of social life and your own life experience. (Give at least two examples from various sources as evidence.)
| 36.1 | Philosophy | "The search for truth is more important than the possession of it." (A. Einstein). |
| 36.2 | Economy | "Thrift is the most important source of wealth." (Cicero) |
| 36.3 |
Sociology, social psychology |
"There are many ways to make a career, but the surest of them is to be born into the right family." (D. Trumpt). |
| 36.4 | Political science | "Big politics is just common sense applied to big things." (Napoleon) |
| 36.5 | Jurisprudence | "Along with state laws, there are also laws of conscience that make up for omissions in the legislation." (G. Fielding). |