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Eurasian Union. EAC countries. Fundamental principles and activities of the Eurasian Economic Union When the Eurasian Economic Union was created

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RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF PEOPLE'S ECONOMY ANDCIVIL SERVICE UNDER THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

HIGH SCHOOL OF CORPORATE MANAGEMENT

Bachelor's program

Direction 100700.62 "Trading"

ESSAY

Topic: « The History of the Creation of the Eurasian Economic Union»

Completed by: Vanyushina A.A.

Checked by: Romanova M.E.

Moscow - 2015

Introduction

1. History of the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union

2. Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

3. Functions of the Eurasian Economic Union

4. Organizational structure of the Eurasian Economic Union

5. Prospective integration agenda of the EAEU with non-CIS countries

Bibliography

Introduction

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an international integration economic association (union), the agreement on the creation of which was signed on May 29, 2014 and comes into force on January 1, 2015. The member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation.

The idea of ​​forming the Eurasian Union of States was first put forward by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, on March 29, 1994, during a speech at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. It was based on a large-scale project developed by the Kazakh leader to integrate new independent states on a qualitatively new, pragmatic and mutually beneficial economic basis. The innovation was that, along with the further improvement of the Commonwealth of Independent States, to create a new integration structure, the purpose of which would be the formation of a coordinated economic policy and the adoption of joint programs of strategic development. Integration in the Eurasian Union was ensured, according to the project, by a clearer and more detailed institutional structure of the new integration association and a sufficient amount of its regulatory powers in key sectors of the economy, as well as in political, defense, legal, environmental, cultural, and educational spheres.

The Eurasian Economic Union is the most ambitious and, at the same time, the most realistic, based on clearly calculated economic advantages and mutual benefits, integration project in modern Eurasia. This is a qualitatively new level of economic interaction between neighboring states, opening up broad prospects for economic growth, forming new competitive advantages and additional opportunities for the "integration trio" in the modern global world.

1. History of creation

In 1995, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and later the acceding states - Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed the first agreements on the creation of the Customs Union. Based on these agreements, the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) was created in 2000.

On October 6, 2007 in Dushanbe (Tajikistan) Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement on the creation of a single customs territory and the Customs Union Commission as a single permanent governing body of the Customs Union.

The Eurasian Customs Union or the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia was born on January 1, 2010. The customs union was launched as a first step towards the formation of a broader European Union type of economic union of the former Soviet republics.

The establishment of the Eurasian Customs Union was guaranteed by 3 different treaties signed in 1995, 1999 and 2007. The first treaty in 1995 guaranteed its creation, the second in 1999 guaranteed its formation, and the third in 2007 announced the creation of a single customs territory and the formation of a customs union.

The access of products to the territory of the Customs Union was granted after checking these products for compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union, which are applicable to these products. As of December 2012, 31 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union have been developed, which cover various types of products, some of which have already entered into force, and some will enter into force before 2015. Some technical regulations are still to be developed.

Before the Technical Regulations entered into force, the following rules were the basis for access to the market of the member countries of the Customs Union:

1. National certificate - for product access to the market of the country where this certificate was issued.

2. Certificate of the Customs Union - a certificate issued in accordance with the "List of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity within the framework of the Customs Union", - such a certificate is valid in all three member countries of the Customs Union.

Since November 19, 2011, the member states have implemented the work of the joint commission (Eurasian Economic Commission) to strengthen closer economic ties to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015.

On January 1, 2012, the three states formed the Common Economic Space to promote further economic integration. All three countries have ratified the basic package of 17 agreements governing the launch of the Common Economic Space (CES).

On May 29, 2014 in Astana (Kazakhstan) an agreement on the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union was signed.

On January 1, 2015, the EAEU began to function as part of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Since January 2, 2015, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan have become members of the EAEU.

2. Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

The governing bodies of the EAEU are the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and the Eurasian Economic Commission.

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the supreme supranational body of the EAEU. The council includes heads of state and government. The Supreme Council meets at the level of heads of state at least once a year, at the level of heads of government - at least twice a year. Decisions are made by consensus. The adopted decisions become binding for implementation in all participating States. The Council determines the composition and powers of other regulatory structures.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is one permanent regulatory body (supranational governing body) in the EAEU. The main task of the EEC is to provide conditions for the development and functioning of the EAEU, as well as the development of initiatives for economic integration within the EAEU.

The powers of the Eurasian Economic Commission are defined in Article 3 of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Commission dated November 18, 2010. All rights and functions of the previously existing Commission of the Customs Union have been delegated to the Eurasian Economic Commission.

Within the competence of the Commission:

· customs tariffs and non-tariff regulation;

· customs administration;

· technical regulation;

sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;

· enrollment and distribution of import customs duties;

establishment of trade regimes with third countries;

· statistics of foreign and domestic trade;

· macroeconomic policy;

· competition policy;

• industrial and agricultural subsidies;

· energy policy;

natural monopolies;

· state and municipal purchases;

internal trade in services and investment;

transport and transportation;

· monetary policy;

· migration policy;

financial markets (banking, insurance, currency and stock markets);

and some other areas.

The Commission ensures the implementation of international treaties that make up the legal framework of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The Commission is also the depository of international treaties that formed the legal basis of the CU and CES, and now the EAEU, as well as decisions of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council.

Within its competence, the Commission adopts non-binding documents, such as recommendations, and can also make decisions that are binding in the EAEU member countries.

The budget of the Commission is made up of the contributions of the Member States and is approved by the Heads of the EAEU Member States.

3. FfunctionsEurasian Economic Union

The Eurasian Economic Union is an international organization of regional economic integration with international legal personality and established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, signed by the heads of state of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia in Astana on May 29, 2014. The EAEU ensures the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, the conduct of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in the sectors of the economy defined by the Treaty and international treaties within the Union. The Union carries out its activities on the basis of the following principles: - respect for the universally recognized principles of international law, including the principles of the sovereign equality of member states and their territorial integrity; - respect for the peculiarities of the political structure of the member states; - ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation, equality and consideration of the national interests of the Parties; - observance of the principles of market economy and fair competition;

The functioning of the customs union without exceptions and restrictions after the end of the transitional periods.

The main goals of the Union are:

Creation of conditions for the stable development of the economies of the member states in the interests of raising the living standards of their population;

Striving for the formation of a single market for goods, services, capital and labor resources within the Union;

Comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The Union is vested with competence within the limits and scope established by the Treaty and international treaties within the Union. The Member States shall implement a coordinated or coordinated policy within the limits and volumes established by the Treaty and international treaties within the Union. In other areas of the economy, the Member States strive to implement a coordinated or coordinated policy in accordance with the basic principles and objectives of the Union.

4. Organizational structureEurasian Economic Union

eurasian economic international union

The bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union are:

Supreme Eurasian Economic Council;

Eurasian Intergovernmental Council;

Eurasian Economic Commission;

Court of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Higher Eurasian economic advice(Supreme Council, SEEC) is the supreme body of the Union, consisting of the heads of the member states of the Union. The Supreme Council considers the fundamental issues of the Union's activities, determines the strategy, directions and prospects for the development of integration and makes decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the Union.

Decisions and orders of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council are adopted by consensus. The decisions of the Supreme Council are subject to execution by the Member States in the manner prescribed by their national legislation. Meetings of the Supreme Council are held at least once a year. Extraordinary meetings of the Supreme Council may be convened at the initiative of any of the Member States or the Chairman of the Supreme Council to resolve urgent issues of the Union's activities.

The meetings of the Supreme Council are held under the leadership of the Chairman of the Supreme Council. Members of the Council of the Commission, the Chairman of the Collegium of the Commission and other invited persons may participate in the meetings of the Supreme Council at the invitation of the Chairman of the Supreme Council.

Eurasian intergovernmental advice(Intergovernmental Council) is the organ of the Union, consisting of the heads of government of the Member States. The Intergovernmental Council ensures the implementation and control over the implementation of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, international treaties within the Union and decisions of the Supreme Council; considers, at the proposal of the Council of the Commission, issues on which no consensus has been reached; gives instructions to the Commission, and also exercises other powers provided for by the Treaty on the EAEU and international treaties within the Union. Decisions and orders of the Eurasian Intergovernmental Council are adopted by consensus and are subject to execution by the Member States in the manner prescribed by their national legislation. Meetings of the Intergovernmental Council are held as needed, but at least 2 times a year. To resolve urgent issues of the Union's activities, on the initiative of any of the Member States or the Chairman of the Intergovernmental Council, extraordinary meetings of the Intergovernmental Council may be convened.

Eurasian Economic Commission- permanent regulatory body of the Union. The Commission consists of the Council and the Collegium. The Commission adopts decisions of a regulatory nature and binding on the Member States, orders of an organizational and administrative nature, and recommendations that are not binding. Decisions of the Commission are included in the law of the Union and are subject to direct application in the territories of the Member States.

Decisions, orders and recommendations of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission are adopted by consensus. Decisions, orders and recommendations of the EEC Board are adopted by a qualified majority (2/3 of the total number of members of the Board) or by consensus (on sensitive issues, the list of which is determined by the SEEC).

The commission is located in Moscow.

Court of the Eurasian Economic Union(hereinafter referred to as the Court) is a permanent judicial body of the Eurasian Economic Union, the status, composition, competence and procedure for the functioning and formation of which are determined by the Statute of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The purpose of the Court's activities is to ensure the uniform application by the Member States and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, international treaties within the Union, international treaties of the Union with a third party and decisions of the bodies of the Union. The Court considers disputes arising from the implementation of the Treaty on the EAEU, international treaties within the Union and (or) decisions of the Union bodies at the request of a Member State or at the request of an economic entity. Based on the results of consideration of disputes at the request of a Member State, the Court issues a decision that is binding on the parties to the dispute. Based on the results of consideration of disputes at the request of an economic entity, the Court issues a decision that is binding on the Commission.

The Court consists of two judges from each Member State, appointed by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council on the proposal of the Member States for a period of nine years. The Court considers cases as part of the Grand Collegium of the Court, the Collegium of the Court and the Court of Appeal. The EAEU Court is located in Minsk.

5. The prospective integration agenda of the EAEUwith foreign countries

Discussion of the possible integration of Russia as a member of the EAEU with third countries intensified in 2011-2012, when they began to consider the prospects for signing agreements on free trade zones (FTAs) with New Zealand, Vietnam and the ASEAN countries. Later, negotiations began on signing a trade agreement with the European Free Trade Association (Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein), and in 2014 with Israel. The possibility of creating free trade zones with India and the United States was discussed. Trade and economic integration with the EU has been discussed since the Russia-EU summit in 2005. So far, none of these agreements has been signed, and some negotiations (with Norway, Switzerland, New Zealand, the US, the EU) have either been suspended or have not even begun for political reasons.

Literature

1. Eurasian Economic Union. Questions and answers. Figures and facts. -M., 2014. - 216 p.

2. A. Knobel Eurasian Economic Union: development prospects and possible obstacles.

3. Libman A. (2005). Economic Integration in the Post-Soviet Space: Institutional Aspect // Issues of Economics. No. 3. S. 142--156.

4. Mau V.??A., Kovalev G.??S., Novikov V.??V., Yanovsky K.??E. (2004). Problems of Russia's Integration into the Single European Space (Scientific Works No. 71P). Moscow: Institute for the Economy in Transition.

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The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an international integration economic association (union), the agreement on the creation of which was signed on May 29, 2014 and comes into force on January 1, 2015. The union included Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. The EAEU was created on the basis of the Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) to strengthen the economies of the participating countries and "rapprochement with each other", to modernize and increase the competitiveness of the participating countries in the world market. The EAEU member states plan to continue economic integration in the coming years.

The history of the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union

In 1995, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and later the acceding states - Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed the first agreements on the creation of the Customs Union. Based on these agreements, the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) was created in 2000.

On October 6, 2007 in Dushanbe (Tajikistan) Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement on the creation of a single customs territory and the Customs Union Commission as a single permanent governing body of the Customs Union.

The Eurasian Customs Union or the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia was born on January 1, 2010. The customs union was launched as a first step towards the formation of a broader European Union type of economic union of the former Soviet republics.

The establishment of the Eurasian Customs Union was guaranteed by 3 different treaties signed in 1995, 1999 and 2007. The first treaty in 1995 guaranteed its creation, the second in 1999 guaranteed its formation, and the third in 2007 announced the creation of a single customs territory and the formation of a customs union.

The access of products to the territory of the Customs Union was granted after checking these products for compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union, which are applicable to these products. As of December 2012, 31 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union have been developed, which cover various types of products, some of which have already entered into force, and some will enter into force before 2015. Some technical regulations are still to be developed.

Before the Technical Regulations entered into force, the following rules were the basis for access to the market of the member countries of the Customs Union:

1. National certificate - for product access to the market of the country where this certificate was issued.

2. Certificate of the Customs Union - a certificate issued in accordance with the "List of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity within the framework of the Customs Union", - such a certificate is valid in all three member countries of the Customs Union.

Since November 19, 2011, the member states have implemented the work of the joint commission (Eurasian Economic Commission) to strengthen closer economic ties to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015.

On January 1, 2012, the three states formed the Common Economic Space to promote further economic integration. All three countries have ratified the basic package of 17 agreements governing the launch of the Common Economic Space (CES).

On May 29, 2014 in Astana (Kazakhstan) an agreement on the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union was signed.

Tasks

    Completion of the full registration of the free trade regime, the formation of a common customs tariff and a unified system of non-tariff regulation measures

    Ensuring the freedom of movement of capital

    Formation of a common financial market

    Coordination of the principles and conditions for the transition to a single currency within the framework of the EurAsEC

    Establishment of common rules for trade in goods and services and their access to internal markets

    Creation of a common unified system of customs regulation

    Development and implementation of interstate targeted programs

    Creation of equal conditions for industrial and entrepreneurial activities

    Formation of a common market for transport services and a unified transport system

    Formation of a common energy market

    Creation of equal conditions for access of foreign investments to the markets of the Parties

    Ensuring the free movement of citizens of the EurAsEC states within the Community

    Coordination of social policy in order to form a community of social states, providing for a common labor market, a single educational space, coordinated approaches to addressing health issues, labor migration, etc.

    Convergence and harmonization of national legislations

    Ensuring the interaction of the legal systems of the EurAsEC states in order to create a common legal space within the Community

    Interaction with the UN

The Eurasian Economic Union is a modern operating international regional organization, as it has all the features of such an intergovernmental structure. The goals and principles on which the creation and activities of the Eurasian Economic Union are based are clearly illustrated in Figures 2.1 and 2.2, respectively.

Figure 2.1-Principles of functioning of the EAEU


Figure 2.2 - Main objectives of the EAEU

It should be noted from the figure that these goals should be achieved through the implementation of the following tasks:

Reduction of transport costs aimed at reducing the prices of goods;

Stimulation of competition in the common market of the EAEU countries;

Stimulation of an efficient economy by reducing costs, increasing labor productivity, increasing production and introducing new technologies;

Increase in consumer demand;

Improving the welfare of the population of the EAEU countries.

According to the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, article 8, in order to solve the tasks set and achieve the corresponding goals, the organizational structure of the Eurasian Economic Union was formed, which is one of the main, necessary and characteristic elements of an international organization, each of which is endowed with its own powers, competence and functions.

Figure 2.3 - Organizational structure of the Eurasian Economic Union

Figure 2.4 - Court of the Eurasian Economic Union

The figure shows that the structure of the EAEU includes:

1. The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the main governing body of the EAEU, which includes the heads of the member states of the union.

The Supreme Council functions in the manner determined by the Treaty on the EAEU (Article 11 “Procedure for the work of the Supreme Council”), supplemented and specified by the Supreme Council itself (Decision No. 96 of December 23, 2014 “On the procedure for organizing meetings of the Supreme Eurasian Council”).

In accordance with this procedure, regular meetings of the Supreme Council must be held at least once a year. To resolve urgent issues, extraordinary meetings may be convened at the initiative of any of the Member States or a representative of the Supreme Council.

The President of the Supreme Council, whose post is alternately held by the Heads of the Member States for one year, performs the following functions:

Organizes the work of the Supreme Council;

Carries out general management of the preparation of issues submitted for consideration by the Supreme Council.

As a general rule, the decisions and orders of the Supreme Council are adopted by consensus, that is, by common consent.

As the main body of the EAEU, the Supreme Council is empowered to consider the fundamental issues of the EAEU, determine the strategy, directions and prospects for the development of integration, as well as make decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the EAEU.

More clearly, the main powers of the Supreme Council are presented in the figure. 2.5

The figure shows that the specific powers of the Supreme Council are the formation of the governing bodies of the EAEU such as the EEC, and the Court of the EAEU; approval of the budget of the EAEU, general management of the international activities of the EAEU, including the adoption of decisions on the conclusion of international agreements of the EAEU with third parties, as well as the approval of the symbols of the EAEU.

The Supreme Council does not have a permanent location; its meetings can be held on the territory of any member state of the EAEU. The place and time of the next meeting of the Supreme Council is determined at the previous meeting of the Supreme Council.

2. The Eurasian Intergovernmental Council - is the second most important body of the political leadership of the EAEU, in which the main decisions are made, and also regulates economic activity and cooperation within the union, consisting of the heads of government of the member states of the union.


Figure 2.5 - Main powers of the Supreme Council of the EAEU

As the second most important body of political leadership, the Intergovernmental Council exercises the following powers:

Conducts meetings of the Intergovernmental Council;

Organizes the work of the Intergovernmental Council;

Carries out general management of the preparation of issues submitted for consideration;

Prepares issues for approval by the Supreme Council, for example, approves the draft budget of the EAEU or submits candidates for appointment to the Eurasian Economic Commission;

Exercises political control over the activities of the EEC as a regulatory body of the EAEU, in particular, the cancellation or suspension of decisions of the Commission, consideration of issues on which representatives of the Member States in the Commission could not reach consensus;

Establishes the procedure for the implementation of joint measures of the Member States in the field of industrial policy, conducts joint programs, projects, and also approves the main directions of industrial cooperation within the framework of the EAEU.

3. The Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The main tasks of the Eurasian Economic Commission are:

1) ensuring the conditions for the functioning and development of the union - as a regulatory body, the EAEU independently carries out the legal regulation of the Eurasian economic integration;

2) the development of proposals in the field of economic integration within the framework of the EEC Union initiates the adoption of new measures to develop integration processes within the EAEU, which it submits for approval by the member states and political leadership of the EAEU.

The general list of issues in respect of which the commission exercises powers is very extensive, it includes 20 areas of economic integration and allows for further expansion.

The areas of authority of the Commission are enshrined in Appendix No. 1 to the Treaty "On the Eurasian Economic Union", among them:

Customs-tariff and non-tariff regulation;

Customs regulation;

Technical regulation;

Sanitary, veterinary-sanitary and quarantine phytosanitary measures;

Enrollment and distribution of import customs duties;

Establishment of trade regimes for third parties;

Statistics of foreign and mutual trade;

macroeconomic policy;

Competition policy;

Industrial and agricultural subsidies and others.

Within the established areas of activity, the Commission may make binding decisions and recommendations that may affect the conditions for doing business in the EAEU.

It should be noted from the figure that the organization of the decision-making process by the Eurasian Economic Commission implies close, phased and coordinated interaction with the parties - the relevant ministries and departments of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation.

This ensures the adoption of coordinated, thoughtful, well-designed decisions that take into account the interests and requirements of the parties, as well as the best world practices.

A feature of the composition and functioning of the commission, which differs from other bodies of the EAEU, is that it functions at two levels, which consists of two structural divisions - the Council and the Collegium.

The Council of the Commission includes representatives of Member States at the level of Deputy Heads of Government, one representative from each Member State.

The government of each member state independently determines which of the deputy heads of government will represent it in the composition of the commission.

The submitted candidature is brought to the attention of other member states, then it is preliminary considered by the Intergovernmental Council and, upon its submission, by the Supreme Council.

The Council is the highest internal unit within the structure of the Commission, which has two main functions, which are clearly illustrated in Figure 2.6.


Figure 2.7 - Main functions of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission

It should be noted from the figure that within the framework of the first function, the council approves key decisions, the adoption of which is attributed to the powers of the commission, for example, the establishment and change of duties of the Common Customs Tariff of the EAEU, the adoption of technical regulations of the EAEU, the approval of the procedure for conducting an investigation, violations of the general rules of competition at cross-border markets.

As part of the second main function, the Council exercises political control over the second, lower subdivision of the Commission - the Collegium, which can review its decisions.

Council meetings are held as needed, but at least once a quarter. They are held under the leadership of the Chairman of the Council, whose position the members of the council hold in turn for one year.

The Council of the Commission adopts decisions, orders and recommendations on the basis of consensus.

When exercising their powers, they are independent of the state bodies and officials of the Member States and cannot request and receive instructions from the authorities or officials of the Member States, as well as from the authorities of third states.

The members of the Board are also subject to special restrictions designed to ensure their independence and interests.

Members of the Board have the rank of minister responsible for a specific branch of government:

1. Minister for the main directions of integration and macroeconomics.

2. Minister for Economy and Finance.

3. Minister for Industry and Agro-Industrial Complex.

4. Minister for technical regulation.

Members of the Collegium are appointed by the Supreme Council for a period of 4 years with a possible extension of their powers.

As the executive body of the Commission, the Collegium manages integration processes in relation to issues not assigned to the Council. Within this framework, the Collegium is authorized to issue legal acts on behalf of the Commission, including those legally binding for the decision of the Member States, citizens and legal entities.

In addition to the main structural subdivisions of the internal bodies of the Council and the Collegium, departments have been formed in the structure of the Commission, which are clearly illustrated in Figure 2.7.

From the figure, it can be stated that the Departments are sectoral divisions that prepare materials and monitor the implementation by the Member States of the EAEU law in specific areas of economic life.

The Departments are composed of officials and staff acting as international civil servants, possessing the necessary professional qualifications and exercising their powers independently of Member States. They are recruited by the Chairman of the Board, who also appoints a director and deputies for each department.


Figure 2.7 - Departments of the Eurasian Economic Commission

The general management of the departments is carried out by the Collegium, and each of its ministers controls the activities of certain departments placed under his subordination in accordance with the distribution of duties.

The EEC has 18 Advisory Committees, where the heads of a number of large business structures of the allied countries are also represented on macroeconomic policy, statistics, customs regulation, interaction of regulatory authorities at the customs border, trade, and technical regulation.

In Figure 2.9, we will consider in more detail the advisory council for interaction between the EEC and the business community of the EAEU member states.

It can be seen from the figure that the Advisory Council, within the framework of interaction with the business community, carries out activities in such areas as: the development of integration and macroeconomics, the development of entrepreneurial activity, financial markets (banking, insurance, the foreign exchange market, the securities market), industry, the agro-industrial complex , mutual and foreign trade, technical regulation, sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures, customs administration, energy and natural monopolies, transport and infrastructure, development of competition and antimonopoly regulation, protection and protection of the results of intellectual activity and means of individualization of goods, works and services.

The Chairman of the Advisory Council is the Chairman of the EEC Board Viktor Khristenko, and his deputy is the member of the Board (Minister) in charge of Economics and Financial Policy of the EEC Timur Suleimenov. It has at its disposal a structural subdivision of the EEC, which performs summary analytical functions to ensure the activities of the Council, the Department for the Development of Entrepreneurial Activities of the Commission.

The Eurasian Economic Commission, as a permanent regulatory body of the EAEU, has a permanent location where all its structural divisions meet and work. This place is the capital of the Russian Federation, the city of Moscow.


The Customs Union, EAEU, is an agreement adopted by the members of the Eurasian Economic Union, the purpose of which is the abolition of customs duties in trade relations. Based on these agreements, common ways of carrying out economic activity are created. Let's find out which countries made the list in 2019.

The Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union or the Customs Union of the EAEU is the customs union of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Prior to the creation of the EAEU in 2015, it was a customs union of only three countries (Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan) from among the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Community - and thus was a Customs Union based on the Eurasian Economic Community, membership in which was optional for member countries EurAsEC. When the EAEU was created (unlike its predecessor, the EurAsEC), the common customs union became an integral part of the EAEU, and all EAEU member countries are automatically included in the Customs Union from the moment they join the EAEU. At the same time, the member countries of the Customs Union applied (before the formation of the EAEU on January 1, 2015) and continue to apply uniform customs tariffs and other regulatory measures in trade with third countries.

EAEU in 2019, list of countries

All countries of the customs area of ​​the EAEU apply a single, coordinated approach to customs procedures and goods imported and exported across the borders of the CU. Also, throughout the territory of the Customs Union, equal rights are assumed for citizens of the participating countries in employment.

Members of the Customs Union are currently members of the EAEU:

  • Republic of Armenia;
  • Republic of Belarus;
  • The Republic of Kazakhstan;
  • Republic of Kyrgyzstan;
  • The Russian Federation.

Syria and Tunisia announced their intention to join the CU, and a proposal was made to admit Turkey to the Union. However, nothing is known about specific actions to implement these intentions.

EAEU-2019, who governs

One of the important goals of the Customs Union is the joint protection of the internal market of the Customs Union, as well as the creation of favorable conditions for the production and sale, first of all, of domestic products of the member countries of the Union. At this point, the program of mutual understanding between the states turned out to be somewhat less than in matters of mutual trade. Each country had its own priorities in the development of production, while protecting the interests of neighbors sometimes had a bad effect on importing enterprises and the population.

The governing and coordination bodies in the EAEU are:

  • The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is a supranational body consisting of the heads of states of the EAEU members;
  • The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a permanent regulatory body of the EAEU. The competence of the EEC includes, among other things, issues of international trade and customs regulation.

It would be fair to say that the Customs Union is one of the stages of the plan to strengthen economic ties between some states on the territory of the former USSR. In a certain sense, this can be seen as the restoration of once existing economic and technological chains, taking into account new, political and economic realities.

An important aspect of the activities of the EAEU has become the system of centralized distribution of customs duties paid when crossing the borders of the Common Economic Space.

  • Russia accounts for 85.33% of the total;
  • Kazakhstan receives - 7.11%;
  • Belarus - 4.55%;
  • Kyrgyzstan - 1.9%;
  • Armenia - 1.11%.

In addition, the CU has a mechanism for the coordinated collection and distribution of indirect taxes. Thus, in its current state, the Customs Union is a way of economic integration of the states that are members of the EAEU.

Official information about the Customs Union can be obtained from the website of the Eurasian Economic Union - eurasiancommission.org.

In the modern world, many countries unite in unions - political, economic, religious and others. One of the largest such unions was the Soviet one. Now we are seeing the emergence of the European, Eurasian and Customs Unions.

The customs union was positioned as a form of trade and economic integration of a number of countries, which provides not only a common customs territory for mutually beneficial trade with no duties, etc., but also a number of points regulating trade with third countries. This agreement was signed on 06.10.2007 in Dushanbe, at the time of its conclusion, the union included the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Belarus.

The first article of the agreement on the movement of goods within this territory says the following:

  • Customs duty is not charged. And not only for goods of own production, but also for cargo from third countries.
  • There are no economic restrictions, except for compensatory, anti-dumping ones.
  • The countries of the Customs Union apply a single customs tariff.

Current countries and candidates

There are both permanent member countries of the Customs Union, which were its founders or joined later, and those that only expressed a desire to join.

Members:

  • Armenia;
  • Kazakhstan;
  • Kyrgyzstan;
  • Russia;
  • Belarus.

Membership candidates:

  • Tunisia;
  • Syria;
  • Tajikistan.

TC leaders

There was a special commission of the Customs Union, which was approved at the time of signing the agreement on the Customs Union. Its rules were the basis of the legal activities of the organization. The structure worked and remained within this legal framework until July 1, 2012, that is, until the creation of the EEC. The supreme body of the union at that time was a group of representatives of the heads of state (Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian Federation), Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev (Republic of Kazakhstan) and (Republic of Belarus)).

At the level of heads of government, prime ministers were represented:

  • Russia - Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev;
  • Kazakhstan - Karim Kazhimkanovich Massimov;
  • Belarus - Sergei Sergeevich Sidorsky.

Purpose of the Customs Union

The countries of the Customs Union, under the main goal of creating a single regulatory body, meant the formation of a common territory, which will include several states, and all duties on products are canceled on their territory.

The second goal was to protect our own interests and markets, first of all - from harmful, low-quality, as well as competitive products, which makes it possible to smooth out all the shortcomings in the trade and economic sphere. This is very important, since the protection of the interests of their own states, taking into account the opinions of the members of the union, is a priority for any country.

Benefits and prospects

First of all, the benefit is obvious for those enterprises that can easily carry out purchases in neighboring countries. Most likely, it will be only large corporations and companies. As for the prospects for the future, contrary to some forecasts of economists that the Customs Union would lead to a decrease in wages in the participating countries, at the official level, the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan announced an increase in wages in the state in 2015.

That is why the world experience of such large economic formations cannot be attributed to this case. The countries that have joined the Customs Union are expecting a steady, if not rapid, growth of economic ties.

Treaty

The final version of the Agreement on the Customs Code of the Customs Union was adopted only at the tenth meeting, 26.10.2009. This pact spoke about the creation of special groups that would monitor the activities for the implementation of the revised draft treaty.

The countries of the Customs Union had until 01.07.2010 to amend their legislation to eliminate contradictions between this Code and the Constitution. Thus, another contact group was created to resolve issues related to differences between national legal systems.

Also, all the nuances related to the territories of the Customs Union have been finalized.

Territory of the Customs Union

The countries of the Customs Union have a common customs territory, which is determined by the boundaries of the states that have concluded the agreement and are members of the organization. The Customs Code, among other things, determines the expiration date of the commission, which came on July 1, 2012. Thus, a more serious organization was created, which has much more authority and, accordingly, more people in its staff in order to fully control all processes. On January 1, 2012, the Eurasian Economic Commission (EAEU) officially began its work.

EAEU

The Eurasian Economic Union includes the member countries of the Customs Union: the founders - Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan - and the recently joined states, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia.

The establishment of the EAEU implies a wider range of relationships in the freedom of movement of labor, capital, services and goods. Also, a coordinated economic policy of all countries should be constantly pursued, a transition should be made to a single

The total budget of this union is formed exclusively in Russian rubles, thanks to share contributions made by all member countries of the Customs Union. Their size is regulated by the supreme council, which consists of the heads of these states.

Russian has become the working language for the regulation of all documents, and the headquarters will be located in Moscow. The financial regulator of the EAEU is in Almaty, and the court is in the capital of Belarus, Minsk.

Union bodies

The supreme regulatory body is considered to be the Supreme Council, which includes the heads of the member states.

A judiciary has also been created, which is responsible for the application of treaties within the Union.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a regulatory body that ensures all the conditions for the development and functioning of the Union, as well as the development of new proposals in the economic sphere regarding the format of the EAEU. It consists of the Ministers of the Commission (deputy prime ministers of the member states of the Union) and the Chairman.

The main provisions of the Treaty on the EAEU

Of course, compared to the CU, the EAEU has not only broader powers, but also a much more extensive and specific list of planned activities. This document no longer has any general plans, and for each specific task the path for its implementation is determined and a special working group has been created that will not only monitor the implementation, but also control its entire course.

In the received contract the countries of the single Customs Union, and now the EAEU, have secured an agreement on coordinated work and the creation of common energy markets. The work on energy policy is quite large-scale and will be implemented in several stages until 2025.

The document also regulates the creation of a common market for medical devices and medicines by January 1, 2016.

Great importance is given to transport policy on the territory of the EAEU states, without which it will not be possible to create any joint action plan. The development of a coordinated agro-industrial policy is envisaged, which includes the mandatory formation of veterinary and phytosanitary measures.

Agreed provides an opportunity to translate into reality all the planned plans and agreements. Under such conditions, general principles of interaction are developed and the effective development of countries is ensured.

A special place is occupied by labor, which regulates not only the free movement of labor, but also the same working conditions. Citizens who go to work in the EAEU countries will no longer need to fill out migration cards (if their stay does not exceed 30 days). The same simplified system will apply to medical care. The issue of exporting pensions and offsetting the length of service that has been accumulated in a member state of the Union is also being resolved.

Expert opinions

The list of countries of the Customs Union in the near future may be replenished with several more states, but, according to experts, in order to notice a full-fledged growth and influence on Western similar unions by type, a lot of work and expansion of the organization is needed. In any case, the ruble will not be able to become an alternative to the euro or the dollar for a long time, and the impact of recent sanctions has clearly shown how Western politics can work to please their interests, and that neither Russia nor the whole Union can actually do anything about it. . As for Kazakhstan and Belarus specifically, the conflict in Ukraine has shown that they will not give up their benefits in favor of Russia. Tenge, by the way, also fell sharply due to the fall of the ruble. And on many issues, Russia remains the main competitor of Kazakhstan and Belarus. However, at the moment, the creation of the Union is an adequate and the only right decision that can help somehow strengthen relations between states in the event of further pressure from the West on Russia.

Now we know which countries in the Customs Union are more interested in its creation. Despite the fact that even at the stage of its inception it was constantly haunted by all sorts of problems, joint coordinated actions of all members of the Union make it possible to solve them as quickly as possible, which makes it possible to look to the future with optimism and hope for the rapid development of the economies of all states participating in this treaty.