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Physiological protein minimum. The meaning of physiological minimum protein in medical terms. Biological role of proteins

Physiological minimum protein

1. Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical encyclopedia. 1991-96 2. First aid. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Medical Terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984.

See what “Physiological minimum protein” is in other dictionaries:

    See Nitrogen Minimum... Large medical dictionary

    Large medical dictionary

    - (syn. physiological minimum protein) the smallest amount of protein introduced with food, at which nitrogen balance is maintained ... Medical encyclopedia

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Food proteins are the main source of nitrogen for the body. Nitrogen is excreted from the body in the form of end products of nitrogen metabolism. The state of nitrogen metabolism is characterized by the concept of nitrogen balance.

Nitrogen balance– the difference between nitrogen entering the body and leaving the body. There are three types of nitrogen balance: nitrogen balance, positive nitrogen balance, negative nitrogen balance

At positive nitrogen balance nitrogen intake prevails over its release. Under physiological conditions, a true positive nitrogen balance occurs (pregnancy, lactation, childhood). For children aged 1 year of life it is +30%, at 4 years old - +25%, in adolescence +14%. With kidney disease, a false positive nitrogen balance is possible, in which the end products of nitrogen metabolism are retained in the body.

At negative nitrogen balance The release of nitrogen predominates over its intake. This condition is possible with diseases such as tuberculosis, rheumatism, and cancer. Nitrogen balance typical for healthy adults whose nitrogen intake is equal to its excretion.

Nitrogen metabolism is characterized wear coefficient, which is understood as the amount of protein that is lost from the body under conditions of complete protein starvation. For an adult, it is 53 mg/kg (or 24 g/day). In newborns, the wear rate is higher and is 120 mg/kg. Nitrogen balance is ensured by protein nutrition.

Protein diet characterized by certain quantitative and qualitative criteria.

Quantitative criteria for protein nutrition

Protein minimum- the amount of protein that ensures nitrogen balance, provided that all energy costs are provided by carbohydrates and fats. It is 40-45 g/day. With prolonged use of a protein minimum, immune processes, hematopoietic processes, and the reproductive system suffer. Therefore, for adults it is necessary protein optimum - the amount of protein that ensures the performance of all its functions without compromising health. It is 100 – 120 g/day.

For children The consumption rate is currently being revised towards its reduction. For a newborn, the need for proteins is about 2 g/kg, by the end of 1 year it decreases with natural feeding to 1 g/day, with artificial feeding it remains within 1.5 - 2 g/day

Qualitative criteria for protein nutrition

Proteins that are more valuable to the body must meet the following requirements:

  • contain a set of all essential amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, lysine, arginine, histidine, tryptophan, phenylalanine).
  • the ratio between amino acids should be close to their ratio in tissue proteins
  • well digested in the gastrointestinal tract

These requirements are best met by proteins of animal origin. For newborns, all proteins must be complete (breast milk proteins). At the age of 3-4 years, about 70-75% should be complete proteins. For adults, their share should be about 50%.

Table of contents of the topic "Metabolism and energy. Nutrition. Basic metabolism.":
1. Metabolism and energy. Nutrition. Anabolism. Catabolism.
2. Proteins and their role in the body. Rubner wear coefficient. Positive nitrogen balance. Negative nitrogen balance.
3. Lipids and their role in the body. Fats. Cellular lipids. Phospholipids. Cholesterol.
4. Brown fat. Brown adipose tissue. Blood plasma lipids. Lipoproteins. LDL. HDL. VLDL.
5. Carbohydrates and their role in the body. Glucose. Glycogen.


8. The role of metabolism in meeting the energy needs of the body. Phosphorylation coefficient. Caloric equivalent of oxygen.
9. Methods for assessing the body’s energy expenditure. Direct calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry.
10. Basic metabolism. Equations for calculating the basal metabolic rate. Law of the surface of the body.

Proteins and their role in the body. Rubner wear coefficient. Positive nitrogen balance. Negative nitrogen balance.

The role of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins in metabolism

The body's need for plastic substances can be satisfied with the minimum level of their intake from food, which balances the loss of structural proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. These needs are individual and depend on factors such as a person’s age, health status, intensity and type of work.

A person receives contained in food products plastic substances, minerals and vitamins.

Proteins and their role in the body

Proteins in the body are in a state of continuous exchange and renewal. In a healthy adult, the amount of protein degraded per day is equal to the amount of newly synthesized protein. Animals can absorb nitrogen only as part of amino acids that enter the body with food proteins. Ten of the 20 amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, phenylalanine, arginine and histidine) cannot be synthesized in the body if they are insufficiently supplied from food. These amino acids are called essential. The other ten amino acids (non-essential) are no less important for life than the essential ones, but if there is insufficient supply of non-essential amino acids from food, they can be synthesized in the body. An important factor in the metabolism of body proteins is the reuse (reutilization) of amino acids formed during the breakdown of some protein molecules for the synthesis of others.

Rate of protein breakdown and renewal the body is different. The half-life of the decay of peptide hormones is minutes or hours, blood plasma and liver proteins are about 10 days, muscle proteins are about 180 days. On average, all proteins in the human body are renewed in 80 days. The total amount of protein that has undergone decomposition per day is judged by the amount of nitrogen excreted from the human body. Protein contains about 16% nitrogen (i.e., 100 g of protein contains 16 g of nitrogen). Thus, the release of 1 g of nitrogen by the body corresponds to the breakdown of 6.25 g of protein. About 3.7 g of nitrogen is released from the body of an adult per day. From these data it follows that the mass of protein that has undergone complete destruction per day is 3.7 x 6.25 = 23 g, or 0.028-0.075 g of nitrogen per 1 kg of body weight per day ( wear coefficient according to Rubner).


If the amount of nitrogen entering the body with food is equal to the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body, it is generally accepted that the body is in a state of nitrogen balance. In cases where more nitrogen enters the body than is excreted, we speak of positive nitrogen balance(delay, nitrogen retention). Such conditions occur in humans when the mass of muscle tissue increases, during the period of body growth, pregnancy, or recovery from a severe debilitating illness.

A condition in which the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body exceeds its intake into the body is called negative nitrogen balance. It occurs when eating incomplete proteins, when the body does not receive any of the essential amino acids, during protein fasting or complete fasting.

Squirrels, which are used in the body primarily as plastic substances, in the process of their destruction release energy for the synthesis of ATP in cells and the formation of heat.

see Nitrogen minimum.


View value Physiological Minimum Protein in other dictionaries

Minimum- the least (the smallest)
at least (at least)
little by little
at the very least
Synonym dictionary

Squirrel- squirrels, w. A small forest animal - a rodent.
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Minimum- m. lat. the smallest quantity, magnitude, value, limit of what; opposite sex maximum, greatest.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Minimum- minimum, m. (Latin minimum) (book). 1. Smallest value; opposite maximum. atmospheric pressure. wages. Living wage (minimum means, money required........
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Physiological- physiological, physiological. 1. Adj. to physiology in 1 value. Physiological processes. Physiological chemistry. 2. transfer Roughly sensual.
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Belka J.— 1. A small fur-bearing animal of the rodent order, living in trees. 2. Fur, the skin of such an animal.
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

At Least Adv.- 1. At the very least.
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

Physiological Adj.— 1. Correlative in meaning. with noun: physiology, physiologist associated with them. 2. Characteristic of physiology (1), characteristic of it. 3. Associated with physiology (2), with life........
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

Squirrel- -And; pl. genus. -lock, dat. -lkam; and.
1. A small fur-bearing animal of the rodent order with a large fluffy tail, living in trees. Manual b. Spins (spins) like b. in the wheel........
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary

Minimum- [lat. minimum].
I. -a; m.
1. The smallest quantity, the smallest value in a data series (opposite: maximum). The work requires a lot of equipment.
2. what or with def. Totality........
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary

Maximum and Minimum Interest Rate— (Collar) Simultaneous
buy at the top
limit and
selling at a lower limit to keep the interest rate within certain
borders.
Income from sales........
Economic dictionary

Minimum— - 1. smallest value, smallest
size; 2.
the body of specialized knowledge required for
work in any field.
Economic dictionary

Minimum Double- a chart of changes in the price of securities, according to which the rate drops twice to its minimum level and rises again. When analyzing the state of the market M.D. means........
Economic dictionary

Minimum Wage— the level of wages of an unskilled worker.
Economic dictionary

Minimum Cost- an optimality criterion, according to which a certain volume of production is fixed, and all calculations are carried out on the basis of obtaining a given volume with the least......
Economic dictionary

Minimum Non-taxable- the amount of taxation below which the object is not subject to tax.
Economic dictionary

Minimum Subsistence- level of income that provides
acquisition
a set of material goods and services necessary to ensure human life under a certain socio-economic........
Economic dictionary

Minimum Subsistence Tax Free- the amount of funds necessary to satisfy the basic needs of a person, which is deducted from the taxable amount of income. In this capacity it can act........
Economic dictionary

Minimum, Non-taxable— - the value of the taxable object, below which the object is not subject to tax.
Economic dictionary

Non-taxable Minimum- minimal
tax-free income.
Economic dictionary

Tax Free Living Wage— See minimum living wage, tax-free
Economic dictionary

Living wage- the cost of the minimum set of goods necessary for a person, the means of subsistence that allow him to maintain life.
Economic dictionary

Living wage (social and physiological)— - a set of goods and services expressed in monetary form and intended to satisfy physical needs, social and spiritual needs, which......
Economic dictionary

Living Minimum Population- - cost
assessment of natural
a set of food products necessary to maintain human life at a physically low level, as well as expenses........
Economic dictionary

Squirrel— Old Russian formation from the noun Bela. This animal, oddly enough, was named after the color of its skin, not of an ordinary animal well known to us, but by......
Krylov's etymological dictionary

Physiological- oh, oh.
1. to Physiology (1 mark). Fth research methods.
2. Associated with the physiology of the body, with its vital functions, based on them. F properties of animals. F.........
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary

Qualification Minimum- a minimum list of issues, legislative and regulatory documents, knowledge of which is mandatory for the qualified implementation of professional activities........
Legal Dictionary

Minimum Subsistence- level of income that ensures the acquisition of a set of material goods and services necessary to ensure human life under a certain socio-economic......
Legal Dictionary

Non-taxable Minimum— - minimum tax-free income.
Legal Dictionary

Nitrogen Minimum— (syn. physiological minimum protein) the smallest amount of protein introduced with food, at which nitrogen balance is maintained.
Large medical dictionary

The protein minimum is the minimum amount of protein that allows you to maintain nitrogen balance in the body (nitrogen is a very important element for all living beings, since it is part of all amino acids and proteins). It has been established that when fasting for 8 - 10 days, a constant amount of protein is broken down in the body - approximately 23.2 grams (for a person weighing 70 kg). However, this does not mean at all that the intake of the same amount of protein from food will fully satisfy our body’s needs for this nutritional component, especially when playing sports. The protein minimum can only maintain basic physiological processes at the proper level, and even then for a very short time.

Optimum protein is the amount of protein in food that fully satisfies a person’s needs for nitrogenous compounds and thereby provides the muscles recovering after physical activity with the necessary components, maintains high performance of the body, and contributes to the formation of a sufficient level of resistance to infectious diseases. The protein optimum for the body of an adult woman is approximately 90 - 100 grams of protein per day, and with regular intense exercise, this can significantly increase - up to 130 - 140 grams per day and even more. It is believed that to achieve the protein optimum per day when performing physical exercises, an average intake of 1.5 grams of protein or more is required for each kilogram of body weight. However, even with the most intense training regimes when playing sports, the amount of protein should not exceed 2 - 2.5 grams per kilogram of body weight. If you visit sports clubs or fitness clubs for purely health purposes, then the optimal protein content in your diet should be considered to be the amount that ensures that your body receives 1.5 - 1.7 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight.

However, compliance with the protein minimum and protein optimum when playing sports is not the only condition for good nutrition, which ensures recovery processes in the body after active training. The fact is that food proteins can vary significantly in their nutritional value. For example, proteins of animal origin are optimal for the human body in terms of their amino acid composition. They contain all the essential amino acids necessary for the growth and rapid recovery of muscle tissue during sports. Proteins contained in plant foods contain very small amounts of some essential amino acids or are characterized by the complete absence of some of them. Therefore, when playing sports, the optimal diet will be one that necessarily includes meat and dairy products, eggs and fish.