French guiana on the map. French Guiana: full description and photo of Guiana on a map of South America

The name of the territory dates back to the time when there were three colonies with the same name "Guiana": British Guiana (now Guyana), Dutch Guiana (now Suriname) and French Guiana.

The territory of French Guiana borders on Suriname, Brazil, in the north and northeast it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean.

State symbols

Official flag d is the flag of France.

Flag of French Guiana- is a panel on which there is a logo with a yellow five-pointed star in a blue field above an orange figure in a yellow boat in a green field, above two orange wave lines. Above the logo is the inscription GUYANE and LA RÉGION.

Coat of arms- is a shield, which consists of equally wide stripes of blue, red and green. Three French gold lilies are placed on the blue stripe - a symbol of the monarchy of France, possession of the territory by France. Above is the number 1643: in 1643, French Guiana was annexed to France.
The red stripe depicts a boat loaded with gold, floating on the river, green. A boat with gold indicates the natural wealth of the territory.
On the green strip there are 3 water lily flowers representing the wildlife of the territory.

Territory arrangement

Political status overseas department of France.
Head of department a prefect appointed by the President of France.
Administrative center- Cayenne.

Official language- French. There are a number of other local spoken languages.
Territory- 91 thousand km².
Administrative division- 2 districts, which consist of 22 communes.
Population– 237 549 people Ethnic composition: up to 70% blacks and mulattos (Creoles, immigrants from Haiti), 12% Europeans (mainly French and Portuguese), 3% Indians, 15% Brazilians and descendants of immigrants from various Asian countries. The population is mainly concentrated in a narrow coastal strip.
official religion- Catholicism, only a small part of the population professes Hinduism and voodoo.
Currency unit- Euro.
Economy- reserves of gold, bauxite, oil, niobium, tantalum. Only bauxite is mined, as well as small amounts of tantalum and gold. More than 90% of the territory is covered with forest (including valuable species: red, pink, teak, nutmeg, mora, etc.).
An important economic role in the country is played by the activities of the French National Center for Space Research, located on the Atlantic coast, in the Kourou region.
Agriculture: sugar cane, almost all of which goes to the production of rum. Bananas, citrus fruits, cassava, rice are cultivated. Animal husbandry is poorly developed. Shrimp fishing off the coast. Main exports: gold, timber, rum, shrimp.

Education- The University of the Antilles and Guianas is partly located in Guiana. The education system in Guiana is French.
The Kuru Cosmodrome (Guiana Space Center) is located on the territory of Guiana. The spaceport is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean between the towns of Kourou and Sinnamari, 50 km from Cayenne. The first launch from Kourou took place on April 9, 1968.

Nature

The coast of Guiana stretches along the entire coast of the Atlantic Ocean in a strip about 20 km wide. This is approximately 6% of the total area of Guiana. The rest of Guiana is a wooded plateau, with altitudes up to 850 m. More than 90% of the territory is covered with forest.

Climatesubequatorial.

Toucan
The animal world is tropical. Jaguars, tapirs, toucans, dozens of species of monkeys and others live here. The environment of French Guiana is carefully preserved. French Guiana has very beautiful and wild beaches.

Sloth
A very large variety of butterflies.

Attractions Guiana

Saint-Sauveur Cathedral (Cayenne)

Cathedral of the Diocese of Cayenne. Historical monument. The construction of the temple was completed in 1833. The church was consecrated in 1861 in honor of the Holy Savior. The cathedral is a basilica without an apse with two naves, built in the imperial colonial style. In 2003, an organ was installed in the cathedral. This is the largest temple in French Guiana.

Alexandre Franconi Museum (Cayenne)

National Museum of France. Founded in 1901. The exposition is based on natural history, archeology and ethnography of French Guiana. The colonial life of the 19th century is widely represented.
The museum is located in the Franconi House. The house belonged to the Franconi family, whose members settled in Cayenne in the 18th century. A philanthropist and humanist, Alexandre Franconi amassed a large library and collection of Guiana history and culture. His son and heir, Gustave Franconi, sold the building to the municipality in 1885 and bequeathed the library to the city.
The Franconi house was built in 1824-1842. The oldest part of it has a U-shaped plan overlooking a small garden. The building was built in the colonial style. It consists of a wooden frame filled with bricks.

Devil's Island

One of the three islands of the Île du Salut archipelago, 13 km off the coast of French Guiana.
In 1852-1952. the island served as a prison for especially dangerous criminals. The prison was established by the government of Emperor Napoleon III in 1852. Hard labor was located on all three islands and on the coast in Kourou. Over time, they all began to be designated by the collective name "Devil's Island".

Dreyfus Hut
On April 13, 1895, Alfred Dreyfus, an artillery captain of Jewish origin, was imprisoned here. He was charged with high treason against France. It was an unfair accusation with a death sentence, later commuted to life imprisonment. This angered the French intelligentsia. Émile Zola on 13 January 1898 published an open letter in his defence. He accused French President Felix Faure of anti-Semitism and the unfair verdict of Dreyfus.
Dreyfus was rehabilitated only in 1906. The prison closed in 1952.

Church of Saint Joseph (Mana)

Parish church of the Diocese of Cayenne of the Roman Catholic Church in the city of Mana.
The Church, like the commune itself, was founded by the blessed Anna Marie Javouet, founder and first superior general of the Congregation of the Cluniac Sisters of Saint Joseph. She first arrived in Guiana on August 10, 1828. The first thing she did was to build the first chapel. This wooden church is a historical monument of France.

Guiana Amazonia (national park)

The largest national park in France. No roads lead to the park, and access to it is possible either by air or water. The area of the park is 33.9 thousand km². It was formed in 2007. The park is entirely located in the natural zone of the rainforest.

History

This territory was discovered by the Spaniards in 1499, but did not attract them. In 1604, the first French colonists settled in Guiana. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. the Dutch and the British repeatedly tried to take over the territory. French control over Guiana was finally established in 1817.
The French begin to develop a plantation economy in Guiana. To do this, they began to import black slaves from Africa.
In 1848, slavery was abolished, and the territory of Guiana was turned into a place of exile. In 1855, gold was discovered here.
After the abolition of slavery, the French authorities began to encourage immigration. In the second half of the XIX and at the beginning of the XX centuries. the population of the colony increased greatly, because. the discovery of gold deposits attracted thousands of people there. At the height of the gold rush, up to 40,000 miners worked in the jungles of French Guiana, most of whom died from disease, snakes, wild animals, and other hardships.
Since 1852, French Guiana has become a place of exile for "objectionable political elements." The first exiles were participants in the French Revolution of 1848. In total, from 1852 to 1939, about 70 thousand people were exiled.
Simultaneously with the "gold rush" territorial disputes broke out between France and the Netherlands and Brazil. For some time in the disputed territories, in an atmosphere of anarchy and anarchy, the self-proclaimed republic of Kunan also existed.
On March 19, 1946, French Guiana became an overseas department of France.

In 1964, Guiana, due to its proximity to the equator, was chosen by France as the site for the construction of a space launch complex.

Guiana French (Guyane Française), a country in the S.-E. South America. Possession of France; since 1946 - "overseas department" of France. It borders Suriname in the west, Brazil in the south and east, and Brazil in the north and northeast. washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Area 91 thousand km 2 . Population 48 thousand people (1969). The administration is carried out by a prefect appointed by the French government; there is an elected body, the General Council, elected by the population for a term of 6 years. In the French Parliament G. has 1 deputy in the Senate and in the National Assembly. The administrative center is the city of Cayenne. Administratively it is divided into 2 districts.

═ Nature. G. is located on the north-east. Guiana Plateau. The surface is basically a low plain with individual insular dome-shaped massifs (up to 850 m high), framed in the north by a narrow coastal accumulative lowland. Deposits of gold, in a thick weathering crust - bauxites. The climate is subequatorial, hot and humid. Average monthly temperatures in Cayenne are 28≈29°C. Precipitation 3210 mm per year, winter-spring maximum; autumn is dry. The river network is dense, the rivers are full-flowing, but rapids; navigable only at the mouths. The largest ≈ border rivers. Maroni and Oyapoki. Dense evergreen forests (giley) with valuable tree species; in the north and in the central part, in the leeward (with respect to the humid northeast trade wind) depressions, there are patches of tall-grass savannahs. The forests are inhabited by monkeys, tapir, jaguar, lobbies (a type of guinea pig), snakes, many birds and insects. The rivers abound with fish; there are a lot of shrimp off the coast.

═ E. N. Lukashova.

═ Population. Up to 80% of the population are blacks and mulattoes (Creoles). About 2 thousand of them are so-called. forest negroes, descendants of runaway slaves, live in the forests of the interior. Indians (up to 10% of the population) survived only in remote forest areas. The rest are Europeans (mainly French) and people from Asia (Chinese, etc.). The official language is French. The majority of believers are Catholics; The Forest Negroes and Indians retained remnants of their ancient beliefs and, in part, their languages. The official calendar is Gregorian (cf. Calendar).

═ Population growth for 1963-69 averaged 2.3% per year. Average density 0.5 people per 1 km 2 , in the coastal part, where over 90% of the population is concentrated, ≈ about 3 people per 1 km 2 . The economically active population is 18 thousand people, of which 30% are employed in agriculture (1968). The urban population is over 50%. The major city is Cayenne (pop. 24,500 in 1967), other cities are Kourou and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni.

═ History reference. The first French colonists appeared on the territory of present-day Georgia in 1604. In the first half of the 17th century. they founded the city of Cayenne. In the 17th - early 19th centuries. for the possession of G. there was a struggle between the Dutch, the British and the French, who alternately owned this territory. The power of the French in Germany was finally established in 1817.

═ From the end of the 17th century. plantation economy began to develop, based on the exploitation of Negro slaves exported from Africa. In 1794 slavery was abolished, but soon, in the first years of the 19th century, it was restored (finally abolished in 1848). Since the time of the French Revolution, Georgia has been turned into a place of exile (the “dry guillotine”). After the fall of the Paris Commune of 1871, many Communards were exiled here.

═ In 1946, France received the status of an “overseas department” of France. The main demand of the progressive forces of Guiana, united in the parties Union du Peuple Guyanais (founded in 1958), the Guiana Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste Guyanais), and others, is the granting of autonomy to the Guiana people. In addition to local parties, there are branches of some French parties in Germany, the Union of Democrats in Defense of the Republic (Union des démocrates pour la République) and others.

═ S. S. Batogov.

═ Economy. G. is a backward agrarian country. Less than 0.1% of the territory is cultivated (mainly on the coast), 0.6% under meadows and pastures, 95% under forests, and about 4.4% under other lands. The main agricultural plantation crops: sugar cane (harvested 3,000 tons in 1968), bananas (1,000 tons), and cocoa. Rice (harvest 20 tons in 1968), corn (85 tons), cassava (6 thousand tons), vegetables. Animal husbandry does not meet the country's needs for meat. In 1967/68 there were 2,000 cattle and 6,000 pigs.

═ Extraction of gold (159 kg in 1968), bauxites, production of electricity 20.3 million kWh (1968). Logging (about 100,000 m in 1968). Sea fisheries (3.5 thousand tons of fish and shrimps in 1968). production of rum, rose essence. Canning and freezing shrimp. Highways 272 km. B. h. transportation goes at will. Seaport ≈ Cayenne; under construction (1971) a deep water port in Mayuri. Export (1968) amounted to 17 million francs, import 256 million francs. The main export commodities: gold, timber, rum, shrimp. Imports are dominated by foodstuffs, fuel, fabrics, building materials, equipment and rolled products. Foreign trade is conducted with France (3/4 of imports by value), Suriname, the countries of the French West Indies (mainly Martinique, Guadeloupe) and the USA. The monetary unit is the French franc.

═ Education. The public education system is built on the basis of French legislation. Teaching is conducted in French. The age of compulsory education is ≈ from 6 to 14 years. Primary school 5 years. The term of study in secondary school is 4 years in an incomplete school (college) and 7 years in a complete school (lyceum). Vocational training is carried out mainly on the basis of an elementary school. There are no higher and secondary specialized educational institutions. In the 1967/68 academic year, there were 7,200 students in elementary schools, ≈ 1,500 in secondary schools, and 786 in vocational schools. In Cayenne there is a small library and museum, a research institute. Pasteur, dealing with tropical diseases. In 1968 French specialists completed the construction of the largest space research center in the Kourou region.

═ V. Z. Klepikov.

═ Lit.: Guiana. Guyana. French Guiana, Suriname, M., 1969.

- 1. - from 1831 British, a colony in the north-east. coast of the South. America. On May 26, 1966, the independent state of Guyana was proclaimed. The first stamps in 1850. First issue. is one of the greatest rarities...
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- - b. French colony in the north-east. coast of the South. America. Since 1946 - overseas department of France. The first private labels in 1886, before 1892 used...
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Geographic Encyclopedia
- French, possession of France in the north-east. South America. In the past - the common name of three adjacent territories, the possessions of Great Britain, the Netherlands and France in the north-east. South America...
Geographic Encyclopedia
- Guiana, French territory of Afars and Issas, French Coast ...
Geographic Encyclopedia
- see Guiana ...
- see French Guiana ...
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron
- I British Guiana, the name of the former colony of Great Britain in the north of South America. Guyana has been an independent state since 1966. II Dutch Guiana, a colony of the Netherlands in the north of South America ...
- British Guiana, the name of the former colony of Great Britain in the north of South America. Since 1966, the independent state of Guyana ...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- Dutch Guiana, a colony of the Netherlands in the north of South America; see Suriname...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- a territory in the north of America. Occupies most of the Guiana Highlands. Here were the colonies of Great Britain, the Netherlands and France ...
Collier Encyclopedia
- Dutch - until 1975 it was called the territory of the state of Suriname ...
- French GUIANA - possession of France in the northeast of South. America. 91 thousand km². population 128 thousand people, mostly Creoles. The administrative center and main seaport is Cayenne...
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Synonym dictionary
- noun, number of synonyms: 3 Guiana country of Suriname ...
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"Guiana (French)" in books

2. "French muse"

From the book Olympio, or the Life of Victor Hugo by Maurois Andre

2. "French Muse" Remarkable times of the Restoration, when people had a romantic soul and classical training. Maurice Barres "During the period from 1819 to 1824 under the double influence of Andre Chenier and Lamartine's Poetic Thoughts, with echoes of the masterpieces of Byron and Walter Scott

French philosophy

From the book by A. S. Ter-Oganyan: Life, Fate and Contemporary Art author Nemirov Miroslav Maratovich

French Philosophy Deleuze, Lacan, Foucault, Derrida, etc. and so on. - cm.

french wrestling

From the book Broken Life, or the Magic Horn of Oberon author Kataev Valentin Petrovich

French wrestling Before the last part, as if by itself, a thick carpet appeared on the arena, spread without a single fold on sawdust - a magic square, an ace of diamonds, inscribed in the red velvet circle of a bleached circus barrier with two links, already

french sibyl

From the book Great Women of World History author Korovina Elena Anatolievna

French Sibyl For the third century, Mademoiselle Lenormand has been considered the best fortune teller on the planet. And today, her companions appeal to her predictions, presenting clients with legendary - special (!) - Lenormand cards and her fortune-telling system. True, the inconsistencies immediately begin.

French Academy

From Poincaré's book author Tyapkin Alexey Alekseevich

French Academy Insatiable in terms of spectacles, the Parisian public has been crowding since early morning near the ancient building located in a semicircle, topped with a heavy dome in the center. Gloomy, sleepy police officers look with surprise at the queue of smart ladies,

French delegation

From the book Notes of a Soviet Translator author Solonevich Tamara

The French Delegation Among other delegations, the French delegation was accommodated in the Great Moscow Hotel, with which I had little to do, since usually all French delegates were monopolized by Lidia Maksimovna Izrailevich. She was impeccable

"My French Queen..."

From the book Notes on Mikhail Bulgakov author Yanovskaya Lydia Markovna

"My French Queen..." It was like a giant ice drift. The country was being torn open like a huge ice field. The dark cracks, barely visible at first, became more and more rigid and dangerous, and then widened, exposing the frighteningly dark water. What was whole yesterday

Pearl Coast. Guiana and Venezuela

From the book Essays on the history of geographical discoveries. T. 2. Great geographical discoveries (the end of the 15th - the middle of the 17th century) author From the book Theory of Literature. History of Russian and foreign literary criticism [Anthology] author Khryashcheva Nina Petrovna

G.V. Plekhanov French dramatic literature and French painting of the 18th century from the point of view of sociology

french food

From the book The Easiest Way to Stop Eating author Nikitina Natalia

French food French cuisine in general consists of excellently balanced and tasty dishes. Most often, they include fresh products that do not contain preservatives and artificial additives. A good choice: - Dishes from meat, seafood, fish and poultry; - Vegetables and

16. British Guiana, 1953–1964 CIA INTERNATIONAL UNION MAFIA

From the book Killing Democracy: CIA and Pentagon Operations During the Cold War by Bloom William

16. British Guiana, 1953–1964 CIA INTERNATIONAL UNION MAFIA For 11 years, the world's two oldest democracies - Great Britain and the United States - did everything possible to prevent a democratically elected leader from taking his office. The man was a doctor

short info

The main treasures of French Guiana are untouched tropical forests, a large number of original peoples, reserves with toucans, flamingos, jaguars and sea turtles, and, of course, magnificent beaches with golden sand near the Atlantic Ocean.

Tourists in French Guiana can watch how sea turtles are born, watch rare exotic birds, visit the former prison where the enemies of the French Revolution were exiled, take a canoe trip, or even participate in gold mining.

Note that the standard of living in French Guiana is the most expensive in all of South America. Sometimes the prices there are somewhat comparable with the prices in France, the metropolis of French Guiana.

Geography of French Guiana

French Guiana, an overseas department of France, is located on the northern coast of South America. French Guiana borders Brazil to the east and south and Suriname to the west. In the north and northeast, the country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The total area, including the islands, is 91 sq. km., and the total length of the border is 1,183 km.

Geographically, French Guiana consists of two regions - the coastal strip, where the majority of the population lives, and almost impenetrable rainforests with small peaks, located closer to the border with Brazil. The highest local peak is Mount Montagne-Magnetique, whose height reaches 851 meters.

Many rivers flow through French Guiana. The largest of them are Oyapok, Maroni and Kuru. The Petit South Dam in the north forms a large artificial lake and provides electricity to the entire country.

Official language

The official language is French.

Climate and weather

The climate is tropical, hot and humid. The average annual air temperature is +28C. The rainy season lasts from January to June (the peak of rains is in May). Dry season is from July to December. The tropical storm season is from December to July.

The best time to visit French Guiana is from July to December.

culture

The population of French Guiana consists of three large communities - mulattos, Creoles and the Haitian community. Of course, French culture and Catholicism have a great influence on them. The result was the multicultural society of French Guiana.

The inhabitants of this country celebrate a large number of different holidays, many of them are associated with France (for example, Bastille Day and Labor Day) and Catholicism (Christmas).

The biggest local holiday is Carnival, which begins annually at the end of February and lasts for two whole months. Traditionally, the most colorful Carnival events can be seen in Cayenne.

Kitchen

The cuisine of French Guiana has been influenced by the culinary traditions of France, West Africa, East Asia and Brazil. Traditional food products are corn, beans, rice, meat (pork), vegetables, fruits, cheeses, and, of course, fish and seafood. Many herbs and spices are used in cooking.

Tourists are advised to try "Feijao" (a dish of red or black beans), "Bacalhau" (salted or dried cod), "Blaff" (fish cooked in a spicy sauce), "d "awara" broth (smoked fish, crabs, shrimp , chicken and vegetables), "Gibier de bois" (wild meat), "Couac" (dried cassava, serves as a side dish for many dishes), "Columbo" (meat stewed in tomato with curry, mango and spices).

Traditional non-alcoholic drinks are “mauby” (made from tree bark), “sorrel” (from vegetable juice), fruit juices.

Traditional alcoholic drinks are rum and ginger beer.

Attractions French Guiana

In Cayenne, the ancient Lusso Canal, the French Fort Seperu (unfortunately, only ruins remain), the Museum of Guianan Culture and the Place de Grenoble can be considered as attractions.

Near the city of Kourou, about 15 kilometers from the coast, is the island of Ile-du-Salu (Salvation Islands). Once upon a time there was a French prison in which about 2,000 prisoners were kept. This prison was closed in the middle of the 20th century. Now the Île du Salut has become a museum.

Of great interest to tourists are local national parks and reserves, which cover vast areas of tropical forest, often simply impenetrable. The most popular and largest of them are the Murages Reserve with toucans and flamingos, the Makhuri Mountain Reserve with jaguars and ocelots, the Tresor Reserve in the south of the country, and the Amana National Reserve in the north near the Atlantic coast.

Cities and resorts

The largest city is Cayenne, which is the administrative center of French Guiana. Cayenne, founded by the French in 1664, is now home to about 100,000 people.

In the north and northeast, the country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The length of the coast is 378 km. The average annual water temperature near the shore is +26C. Almost the entire coast is one long beach with golden sand. One of the best local beaches, it is called Montjoly, is located about 10 km southeast of Cayenne.

This country has excellent conditions for water recreation, including surfing, windsurfing, scuba diving, canoeing, fishing, etc.

French Guiana is a French province in South America. It is called in the old fashioned way, because there were once Dutch and English Guiana nearby, which eventually became independent states. The French remained. It was discovered by the Spaniards, well, yes, they made many discoveries in those days. It was open, but not interested at first. There were enough places more interesting and populated.

The French settled in Guiana, started plantations, but the local Indians categorically did not want to work for them. And if they were forced, they died at all in the absence of freedom, leading the planters to bewilderment. In addition, relatives of the Indians were offended and came to shoot at night with poisonous arrows, which could not but affect the health of the landowners. However, the French found a way out and began to import blacks, as it did not disgust their freedom-loving nature. Then they simply declared blacks non-humans, only then they were able to exploit them with a clear conscience.

However, it was not really possible to raise the economy with their help - slavery was abolished and the arrival of workers who had to be paid had to be encouraged. But they were reluctant to go to these places. Nevertheless, when gold was found in French Guiana, those who wished were found, how they were found. Literally gushed. During the gold rush, about 40 thousand prospectors died here, which was a lot at that time. Yes, and in modern times it is a lot. On the entire area of 91 thousand square kilometers, only 220 thousand people live in Guiana.
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Since French Guiana is located near the equator, it is convenient to launch space rockets here, so a spaceport is equipped here. You can get to this province by plane, ordering tickets online, you can start in Paris. Flights to the capital are daily. The flight takes only about 8 hours. Russians need visas.