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Phraseology examples of words. Book and colloquial phraseological units: examples. Goal like a falcon

Phraseology is one of the sections of linguistics that studies stable combinations of words. Surely each of us is familiar with the expressions “beat the buckets”, “drive by the nose”, “like a bolt from the blue”, “sleeveless”, etc. But how many of us have ever thought about where they came from our language? I bring to your attention a small selection of phraseological units with their meanings and history of origin, thanks to which you may learn something new and be able to make your speech more expressive and varied.

Let's start with such a well-known expression as "Augean stables" used to describe a very dirty place that will require a lot of effort to clean up. Phraseologism originates from the time of Ancient Greece, where King Augeus lived, who was very fond of horses, but not caring for them: the stables where the animals lived did not see cleaning for about thirty years. According to legend, Hercules (Hercules) entered the service of the king, who received an order from Avgiy to clean out the stalls. For this, the strongman used the river, the flow of which was directed to the stables, thereby getting rid of the dirt. Impressive, right?

"Alma mater"(from lat. "mother-nurse")

In ancient times, students used this phraseological phrase, describing the educational institution, which, as it were, “nourished”, “raised” and “educated” them. Nowadays it is used with a certain amount of irony.

"Achilles' heel"(weak, weak point)

The source of this phraseological unit is ancient Greek mythology. According to legend, Thetis - the mother of Achilles - wanted to make her son invulnerable. To do this, she dipped him into the sacred river Styx, forgetting, however, about the heel by which she held the boy. Later, while fighting his enemy Paris, Achilles received an arrow in this heel and died.

"Gogol to walk"(walk around with a very important look, self-confidently)

No, this expression has nothing to do with the famous Russian writer, as it may seem at first. Gogol is a wild duck that walks along the shore with its head thrown back and protruding chest, which suggests a comparison with a person trying to show all his importance.

"Nick down"(very good to remember something)

In this expression, the word "nose" does not mean a part of the human body at all. In ancient times, this word was used to name boards on which all kinds of notes were made. People carried it with them as a reminder.

"Go away with your nose"(leave with nothing)

Another phraseological unit associated with the nose. However, he, like the previous one, has nothing to do with the organ of smell. This expression originates from Ancient Russia, where bribery was widespread. People, dealing with the authorities and hoping for a positive outcome, used "bribery" (bribery). If the judge, manager or clerk accepted this "nose", one could be sure that everything would be resolved. However, if the bribe was rejected, the petitioner left with his "nose".

"Pandora's Box"(source of troubles and misfortunes)

The ancient Greek myth says: before Prometheus stole fire from the gods, people on earth lived in joy and did not know any troubles. In response to this, Zeus sent a woman of unprecedented beauty - Pandora, to the earth, giving her a chest in which all human misfortunes were stored. Pandora, succumbing to curiosity, opened the chest and scattered them all.

"Filkin's letter"(document of no value, meaningless piece of paper)

This phraseological turn is rooted in the history of the Russian state, or rather, during the reign of Ivan IX the Terrible. Metropolitan Philip, in his messages to the sovereign, tried to convince him to soften his policy, to cancel the oprichnina. In response, Ivan the Terrible only called the Metropolitan "Filka", and all his letters - "Filkin".

These are just some of the phraseological units of the Russian language, which have a very interesting history behind them. I hope that the above material was useful and exciting for you.

Phraseologism is a stable expression. This article contains some theory and many examples of phraseological units with explanations.

Signs of phraseological units

  • There is a finite list of phraseological units
    Phraseologisms are already in the language, there are many of them. Their list can be replenished with the development of the language, but it is already set in advance. For example:

    dead hour
    I've been waiting for you for an hour already.

    dead hour is a well-known phrase in Russian, and there are a finite number of these phrases. All of them can be found in the dictionary of phraseological units.

  • Sustainability
    In a phraseological unit, it is impossible to change words - to reformulate a phraseological unit. The whole point of phraseological units is that they are used as they are, although they sound incomprehensible.

    White crow
    By the class he was a black sheep

    Can't say white jackdaw, it will no longer be a phraseological unit.

  • Has a portable meaning

    Climb the wall
    Become extremely irritated, furious.

    It is clear that this phraseological unit has nothing to do with the wall. The meaning is always portable.

  • Consist of two or more words
    There are no single-word phraseological units, it is always at least a couple of words. For example:

    No misters"
    He is with the computer on "you".

    There are two words here - pronoun and conjunction.

  • In syntactic analysis, it is emphasized as a single member of the sentence

    Beat the thumbs
    I've been thumping all day

    In this sentence, the predicate - beat the buckets, and not just the word beat.
    Bill bucks- an indivisible construction, it is synonymous messed around.

Examples of phraseological units

Book and literary

Augean stables

We use this expression when we want to talk about extreme neglect, pollution.
The expression came from the legends and myths of ancient Greece. Augeus is a king, and cleaning his stables is one of the 12 Labors of Hercules.

Balzac age

Age of women over 40 years.
This expression comes from the novels of Balzac, in which the main characters are older women. True, in his novels, women are about 30, and now the age has shifted.

Sisyphean labor

Pointless useless work.
The expression comes from the legends of ancient Greece. Sisyphus was punished by the gods and was forced to drag a stone up the mountain for years, which was sure to fall down again. Now painful useless labor is called Sisyphus.

Knot in the eye

So they talk about the chalk shortcoming of another, which they pay attention to, and at the same time they do not see their own major shortcoming. The expression came from the Bible, here is the full quote:
“Why are you looking at the speck in your brother’s eye, but you don’t feel the beam in your eye? .. Hypocrite! first take the log out of your eye, then you will see how to take the speck out of your brother's eye."

Other phraseological units

Seventh water on jelly
He is my seventh water on jelly.

A very distant relationship.

Powder brains
Don't bullshit me.

Deceive.

Peel off like sticky
Don't go there, they'll rip you off like hell.

Cheat with money.

Examples of phraseological turns are often given when the speaker wants to emphasize the richness of the Russian language. The history of many stable verbal constructions goes back centuries. They are easily used in conversation by native speakers, but cause difficulties for foreigners. What do the most popular combinations mean?

Examples of phraseological turns with the word "nose"

Combinations in which this word is present, in most cases, are not related to the organ of smell. Vivid examples of phraseological phrases "with a nose" prove this.

"Lead by the nose." This verbal construction, meaning "to deceive", the Russian language was replenished thanks to the inhabitants of Central Asia. The foreigners did not understand why the little guys were able to drive camels. Children lead these animals with a rope without encountering resistance. Camels' obedience is due to the fact that the rope, which is used to control them, passes through the ring located in the nose. They did the same with the bulls to subdue them.

"Hang your nose." Examples of phraseological turns can be continued with this original construction, which implies despondency, sadness. The meaning of the phrase will become more understandable if you add to it the lost end “per fifth”. The violinists gave this name to the highest-pitched string of their musical instrument. The nose practically touches it while playing, as the violin is supported by the chin. At the same time, the musician's head bows, his shoulders drop, an illusion of sadness is created.

Phrases with "language"

More than one phraseological phrase is associated with the name of this organ of the human body. Examples of such constructions can be given for a long time, among the most famous phrases is “tongue without bones”. This characteristic is used in relation to a person who talks a lot without thinking about the consequences. The phrase was coined at a time when people were convinced that the tongue was devoid of bones. Consequently, the body is able to take various directions, among which are unnecessary ones.

Continuing the examples of phraseological turns, we can recall the expression "the tongue swallowed". This construction implies that the speaking person suddenly stops talking. The history of the phrase has not been established precisely, but its connection with one of the military tricks is assumed. The soldiers, being captured, literally swallowed their tongues so as not to dedicate opponents to important secrets under torture. The method was also considered as a means of suicide.

Phrases with "tooth"

This word contains many phraseological turns of the Russian language. Examples can begin with the popular phrase "tit for tat". This statement means that a person who decides to commit a crime should expect an appropriate punishment. For example, a knocked out tooth gives the victim the right to do the same with his own offender. The phrases “to have a tooth”, “to sharpen a tooth”, which indicate a delayed revenge, a hidden hostility, have a similar meaning.

There are also more peaceful "dental" phraseological turns. Examples and their meaning can be considered on the basis of the expression "know by heart." So say people who are convinced of their knowledge, freely orient themselves in the topic. The phrase settled in Russian thanks to the tradition of trying coins on the tooth in order to avoid counterfeiting. The same was done with jewelry.

“Show teeth” is a construction, the meaning of which is an open threat, a demonstration of hostility. The turnover appeared thanks to the animal world, predators warn in this way about an imminent attack.

Phrases with the word "money"

Money often becomes the main word with which phraseological units are built. Examples of such expressions should start with the famous one that “money does not smell”. This truth became known to people thanks to Vespasian, the ruler who reigned in Rome in ancient times. The emperor ordered his son to sniff the coins, who was indignant at the new tax on latrines. The descendant of the king was forced to state that money actually has no smell.

Even the absence of the word “money” does not prevent us from associating phraseological units with them. Examples of sentences: "goal like a falcon", "nothing for the soul." Ancient people believed that the soul is located in the human body, taking place in the region of the collarbone. It was next to this site that it was previously customary to keep a wallet with money. Consequently, “nothing for the soul” is said, wanting to emphasize the lack of financial resources.

Expressions with elements

Fire, water, air - thanks to the mention of the elements, more than one bright phraseological phrase was born, rooted in the language. When people say "by fire and sword" they describe a ruthless method of violence. The origin of the phrase is associated with the times when wars were fought with bladed weapons and arson. Often, the lands of enemies were set on fire, completely destroying them.

"Wind in the head" is a description applied to a frivolous person who lives one day. Ancient people believed that the head of a rational individual is a vessel that contains thoughts, while the head of a fool is empty, inside it is only the wind.

The characteristic “does not muddy the water” goes to a person who is credited with decency and modesty. Once upon a time, women washed clothes using river water. Benevolent mistresses, getting upstream, made efforts not to pollute the river, without interfering with the work of those below. Selfish ladies dipped their dirty hands into the water without worrying about their neighbors.

Phrases about work

The attitude of a person to work also often made it possible to invent a well-aimed phraseological phrase. It is easy to give examples with an explanation, it is enough to recall the expression “work carelessly”. This is how people talk about those who are careless in their work. The history of the phrase goes back to the time when the peasants in Russia wore long-sleeved shirts. Before work, they had to be rolled up so as not to interfere.

Speaking of a case that is constantly being postponed, it is customary to mention the “long box”. The Russian language owes this phraseological unit to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who had a box for petitions from the people. The petitions were studied by the boyars, who often detained them and lost them.

"Shabby appearance" is a statement that characterizes a person who wears dirty, rumpled clothes. It appeared thanks to Peter the Great, who entrusted the management of the weaving factory to Ivan Zatrapeznikov. The products manufactured by the factory were inexpensive coarse fabric.

"Orphan of Kazan" - an expression that arose during the time of Ivan the Terrible. Having captured Kazan, the ruler paid generous compensation to some of its inhabitants. However, they often abused the benefits, portrayed the poor, persistently asked for rewards. As a result, the phrase began to be used in relation to those who pretend to be beggars.

Knowing the origin of phraseological units helps to better understand the history of the country.

phraseological units they call stable combinations of words, turns of speech such as: “beat the buckets”, “hang your nose”, “ask a brainwasher” ... The turn of speech, which is called a phraseological unit, is indivisible in meaning, that is, its meaning does not consist of the meanings of its constituent words. It works only as a whole, a lexical unit.

Phraseologisms- these are popular expressions that do not have an author.

The meaning of phraseological units is to give an emotional coloring to the expression, to strengthen its meaning.

When phraseological units are formed, some components acquire the status of optional (optional): “The components of a phraseological unit that can be omitted in some cases of its use are called optional components of a phraseological unit, and the phenomenon itself, as a feature of the phraseological unit form, is called optional components of a phraseological unit.

The first component of the turnover may be optional, facultative, i.e. expression will sound without it.

Signs of phraseological units

    Phraseologisms usually do not tolerate the replacement of words and their permutations, for which they are also called set phrases.

    No matter what can't pronounce no matter what happens to me or no matter what, but take care of the pupil of the eye instead of cherish like the apple of an eye.

    There are of course exceptions: puzzle over or break your head, surprise And take someone by surprise but such cases are rare.

    Many phraseological units are easily replaced by one word:

    headlong- fast,

    at hand- close.

    The most important feature of phraseological units is their figurative and figurative meaning.

    Often a direct expression turns into a figurative one, expanding the shades of its meaning.

    Bursting at the seams- from the speech of the tailor acquired a wider meaning - to decline.

    Confound- from the speech of railway workers it passed into common use in the sense of confusing.

Examples of phraseological units and their meanings

Buckwheat beat- mess around
henbane overeat- get mad (applied to people who do stupid things
After the rain on Thursday- never
Anika warrior- braggart, brave only in words, away from danger
Ask a brainwash (bath)- lather the neck, head - strongly scold
White crow- a person who stands out sharply from the environment in one way or another
Biryuk live- to be sullen, not to communicate with anyone
Throw down the gauntlet- challenge someone to an argument, competition (although no one throws gloves)
Wolf in sheep's clothing- evil people pretending to be kind, who hide under the guise of meekness
Soar in the clouds- blissfully dream, fantasize about what
The soul has gone to the heels- a person who is afraid, frightened
Don't feel sorry for your belly- sacrifice life
Nick down- remember firmly
Make an elephant out of a fly- turn a small fact into a whole event
On a silver platter- get what you want with honor, without much effort
At the edge of the earth- somewhere very far away
On the seventh sky- to be in complete ecstasy, in a state of supreme bliss
Nothing is visible- so dark that you can not see the paths, paths
Throw headlong- act recklessly, with desperate determination
Eat a pood of salt- get to know each other well
Good riddance- go away, we can do without you
Build castles in the air- to dream about the unrealizable, to indulge in fantasies. Think, think about what cannot be realized in reality, get carried away by illusory assumptions, hopes
Roll up your sleeves- work hard, with diligence.

See “PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN PICTURES. Meanings of phraseological units "

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Phraseological units about school


Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.
Live and learn.
A scientist without work is like a cloud without rain.
Learn from a young age - you will not die of starvation in old age.
What I learned, that's what came in handy.
Hard in teaching - easy in battle.
Teach the mind.
Go through the school of life.
Hit in the head.
Bang your head on the ice.
To teach a fool that the dead can be cured.

Phraseological units from ancient Greek mythology

There are native Russian phraseological units, but there are also borrowed ones, including phraseological units that came into the Russian language from ancient Greek mythology.

Tantalum flour- unbearable torment from the consciousness of the proximity of the desired goal and the impossibility of achieving it. (An analogue of the Russian proverb: “The elbow is close, but you won’t bite”). Tantalus is a hero, the son of Zeus and Pluto, who reigned in the region of Mount Sipila in southern Phrygia (Asia Minor) and was famous for his wealth. According to Homer, for his crimes, Tantalus was punished in the underworld with eternal torment: standing up to his neck in water, he cannot get drunk, as the water immediately recedes from his lips; branches weighed down with fruits hang from the trees around it, which rise up as soon as Tantalus stretches out his hand to them.

Augean stables- a heavily littered, polluted place, usually a room where everything is lying in disarray. Phraseologism comes from the name of the huge stables of the king of Elis Avgeas, not cleaned for many years. Cleaning them was only possible for the mighty Hercules - the son of Zeus. The hero cleared the Augean stables in one day, directing the waters of two turbulent rivers through them.

Sisyphean labor- useless, endless hard work, fruitless work. The expression came from the ancient Greek legend of Sisyphus, a famous cunning man who was able to deceive even the gods and constantly came into conflict with them. It was he who managed to chain Thanatos, the god of death, sent to him, and keep him imprisoned for several years, as a result of which people did not die. For his actions, Sisyphus was severely punished in Hades: he had to roll a heavy stone up the mountain, which, reaching the top, inevitably fell down, so that all work had to be started anew.

sing praises- to praise someone or something with great enthusiasm; to praise someone or something. It arose from the name of dithyrambs - laudatory songs in honor of the god of wine and the vine Dionysus, which were sung during processions dedicated to this deity.

Golden Rain- large sums of money. The expression originated from the ancient Greek myth of Zeus. Captivated by the beauty of Danae, the daughter of the Argos king Acrisius, Zeus penetrated her in the form of a golden rain, and from this connection Perseus was later born. Danae, showered with a rain of golden coins, is depicted in the paintings of many artists: Titian, Correggio, Van Dyck and others. Titian. Danae.

Throw thunder and lightning- scold someone; speak angrily, irritably, reproaching, denouncing someone or threatening him. It arose from ideas about Zeus, the supreme god of Olympus, who, according to myths, dealt with his enemies and people who were objectionable to him with the help of thunderbolts, terrifying in their power, forged by Hephaestus.

Ariadne's thread, Ariadne's thread- that helps to find a way out of a predicament. Named after Ariadne, the daughter of the Cretan king Minos, who, according to ancient Greek myth, helped the Athenian king Theseus, after he killed the half-bull-half-man Minotaur, safely get out of the underground labyrinth with a ball of thread.

Achilles' heel- a weak point, a weak point of something. In Greek mythology, Achilles (Achilles) is one of the strongest and bravest heroes; He is sung in Homer's Iliad. The post-Homeric myth, transmitted by the Roman writer Hyginus, reports that the mother of Achilles, the sea goddess Thetis, in order to make her son's body invulnerable, dipped him into the sacred river Styx; dipping, she held him by the heel, which the water did not touch, so the heel remained the only vulnerable spot of Achilles, where he was mortally wounded by the arrow of Paris.

Gifts of the Danaans (Trojan horse)- insidious gifts that bring death to those who receive them. Originated from Greek legends about the Trojan War. The Danaans, after a long and unsuccessful siege of Troy, resorted to a trick: they built a huge wooden horse, left it near the walls of Troy, and pretended to swim away from the coast of Troy. The priest Laocoon, who knew about the tricks of the Danaans, saw this horse and exclaimed: “Whatever it is, I am afraid of the Danaans, even those who bring gifts!” But the Trojans, not listening to the warnings of Laocoon and the prophetess Cassandra, dragged the horse into the city. At night, the Danaans, who hid inside the horse, went out, killed the guards, opened the city gates, let in their comrades who returned on ships, and thus captured Troy.

Between Scylla and Charybdis- to be between two hostile forces, in a position where danger threatens from both sides. According to the legends of the ancient Greeks, two monsters lived on the coastal rocks on both sides of the Strait of Messina: Scylla and Charybdis, which swallowed sailors. “Scylla, ... incessantly barking, With a piercing squeal, similar to the squeal of a young puppy, The whole neighborhood of monsters announces ... Past her, not a single navigator could pass unscathed With an easy ship: all the toothy mouths gaping, At once she is six people from the ship kidnaps... Close up you will see another rock... Terribly the whole sea under that rock disturbs Charybdis, Three times a day absorbing and three times a day spewing Black moisture. Do not dare to approach when it absorbs: Poseidon himself will not deliver from certain death then ... "

Promethean fire sacred fire, burning in the human soul, an unquenchable desire to achieve high goals in science, art, social work. Prometheus in Greek mythology is one of the Titans; he stole fire from heaven and taught people how to use it, which undermined faith in the power of the gods. For this, the angry Zeus ordered Hephaestus (the god of fire and blacksmithing) to chain Prometheus to a rock; the daily flying eagle tormented the liver of the chained titan.

Apple of discord- the subject, the cause of the dispute, enmity, was first used by the Roman historian Justin (II century AD). It is based on a Greek myth. The goddess of discord, Eris, rolled a golden apple between the guests at the wedding feast with the inscription: "To the most beautiful." Among the guests were the goddesses Hera, Athena and Aphrodite, who argued about which of them should get the apple. Their dispute was resolved by Paris, the son of the Trojan king Priam, by awarding the apple to Aphrodite. In gratitude, Aphrodite helped Paris kidnap Helen, the wife of the Spartan king Menelaus, which caused the Trojan War.

Sink into oblivion- to be forgotten, to disappear without a trace and forever. From the name of Leta - the river of oblivion in the underground kingdom of Hades, the souls of the dead drank water from it and forgot their entire past life.

Phraseologisms with the word "WATER"

Storm in a teacup- big commotion for a small reason
It is written with a pitchfork on the water- it is not yet known how it will be, the outcome is not clear, by analogy: “grandmother said in two”
Do not spill water- great friends, about strong friendship
Carry water in a sieve- wasting time, doing useless business Analogously: crushing water in a mortar
Got water in my mouth- silent and unwilling to answer
Carry water (on smb.)- burden with hard work, taking advantage of his complaisant nature
Bring to clean water- expose dark deeds, convict of lies
Come out dry from water- go unpunished, without bad consequences
Money is like water- refers to the ease with which they are spent
Blow on the water, getting burned in milk- be overly cautious, remembering past mistakes
How to look into the water- as if he knew in advance, foresaw, accurately predicted events
How to sink into the water- disappeared without a trace
Down in the mouth- sad, sad
Like water through your fingers- one who easily escapes persecution
As two drops of water- very similar, indistinguishable
As you do not know the ford, then do not go into the water- a warning not to take hasty action
Like a fish in water- feel confident, very well oriented, good at something,
Like water off a duck's back- nothing to man
Much water has flown under the bridge since that time- a lot of time has passed
Carry water in a sieve- wasting time
Seventh water on jelly- very distant relationship
Hide the ends in the water- hide the traces of the crime
Quieter than water, lower than grass- behave modestly, inconspicuously
Pound water in a mortar- do something useless.

Phraseologisms with the word "NOS"

It is interesting that in phraseological units the word nose practically does not reveal its main meaning in any way. The nose is the organ of smell, however, in stable phrases, the nose is associated primarily with the idea of ​​something small, short. Remember the fairy tale about Kolobok? When the Fox needed Gingerbread Man to get within her reach, to get closer, she asks him to sit on her nose. However, the word nose does not always mean the organ of smell. It also has other meanings.

grumble under your breath- grumbling, grumbling, muttering indistinctly.
lead by the nose- this phrase came to us from Central Asia. Visitors are often surprised how small children manage to cope with huge camels. The animal obediently follows the child leading it by the rope. The fact is that the rope is threaded through the ring located in the camel's nose. Here you already want it, you don’t want it - but you have to obey! Rings were also put into the noses of bulls to make their temper more docile. If a person deceives someone or does not fulfill the promise, then they also say about him that he "leads by the nose."
Turn up one's nose- unjustifiably proud of something, boast.
Nick down- To chop on the nose means: to remember firmly, once and for all. It seems to many that this was said not without cruelty: it is not very pleasant if you are offered to make a notch on your own face. Useless fear. The word nose here does not mean the organ of smell at all, but just a commemorative plaque, a tag for records. In ancient times, illiterate people always carried such boards with them and made all kinds of notes on them with notches, cuts. These tags were called noses.
nod off- fall asleep.
Curious Barbara got her nose torn off at the market Don't meddle in your own business.
On the nose- so they say about something that is about to come.
Can't see beyond your own nose- ignore the surroundings.
Don't poke your nose into other people's business- in this way they want to show that a person is too, inappropriately curious, interferes in what he should not.
Nose to nose On the contrary, close.
Keep your nose to the wind- in the glorious times of the sailing fleet, movement by sea completely depended on the direction of the wind, on the weather. Calm, calm - and the sails nick, more like a rag. A contrary wind is blowing in the bow of the ship - you have to think not about sailing, but already about throwing all the anchors, that is, “anchoring” and removing all the sails so that the air current does not throw the ship ashore. In order to go to sea, a fair wind was required, which inflated the sails and directed the ship forward into the sea. The sailors' vocabulary associated with this received figurativeness and entered our literary language. Now "to keep your nose to the wind" - in a figurative sense, means to adapt to any circumstances. "Anchor", "Anchor", - stop in motion, settle down somewhere; "Sit by the sea and wait for the weather"- inactive expectation of change; "On full sail"- move towards the intended goal at full speed, as quickly as possible; Wish "fair wind" to someone - means a wish for him good luck.
Nose hang or Nose hang- if suddenly a person is depressed or just sad, it happens about him, they say that he seemed to “hang his nose”, and they can also add: “a fifth”. Quinta, translated from Latin, it means: "fifth". Musicians, or more precisely, violinists, so call the violin's first string in terms of tonality (the highest). While playing, the violinist usually supports his instrument with his chin and his nose almost touches this string closest to him. The expression "hang your nose on the fifth", improved in the circle of musicians, has entered the literature.
Stay with your nose- without what he hoped for.
Right under your nose- close.
show nose- to tease someone by putting your thumb to your nose and waving the others.
With a goofy nose- very little (a bun is a dove, the dove's beak is small).
Poke your nose into other people's business- take an interest in other people's affairs.
Get away with your nose- the roots of the expression "go away with the nose" are lost in the distant past. In ancient times, bribery was very common in Russia. Neither in institutions nor in court could a positive decision be achieved without an offering, a gift. Of course, these gifts, hidden by the petitioner somewhere under the floor, were not called the word "bribe". They were politely called "bringing" or "nose". If the manager, judge or clerk took the "nose", then one could be sure that the case would be favorably resolved. In case of refusal (and this could happen if the gift seemed small to the official or if the offering from the opposite side had already been accepted), the petitioner left with his “nose” on his way. In this case, there was no hope for success. Since then, the words “go away with a nose” have come to mean “to fail, to fail, to lose, to stumble, having achieved nothing.
Wipe your nose- if you managed to surpass someone, then they say that they wiped his nose.
bury your nose- immerse yourself completely in some activity.
Full, drunk and nose in tobacco- means a satisfied and contented person.

Phraseologisms with the word "MOUTH, LIPS"

The word mouth is included in a number of phraseological units, the meanings of which are associated with the process of speaking. Food enters the human body through the mouth - a number of stable expressions in one way or another indicate this function of the mouth. There are not many phraseological units with the word lip.

You won't take it in your mouth- they say if the food is cooked tasteless.
Lip no fool- they say about a person who knows how to choose the best.
Shut someone's mouth It means not letting him talk.
Porridge in the mouth- the person speaks indistinctly.
There was no poppy dew in the mouth- it means that the person has not eaten for a long time and needs to be fed urgently.
Wet behind the ears- they say if they want to show that someone else is young and inexperienced.
Take water in your mouth is to shut up.
pout lips- be offended.
open mouth- to freeze in amazement before something that struck the imagination.
Hassle full mouth- they say, if there are so many things to do that you don’t have time to cope with them.
wide open mouth is a sign of surprise.

Phraseological units with the word "HAND"

be at hand- to be available, to be in close proximity
Warm your hands- take advantage of position
Keep in hand- do not give free rein, keep in strict obedience
How it was removed by hand- disappeared quickly
Wear on your hands- to give special location, attention, appreciate, indulge
Without stopping ru k - work hard
Get under your arm- randomly appear nearby
Get a hot hand- get in a bad mood
The hand doesn't go up- it is not possible to perform an action due to an internal prohibition
Hand in hand- holding hands, together, together
hand washes hand- people who have common interests protect each other
Hands don't reach- there is no time or energy to do something
Itchy hands- a strong desire to do something
At hand- very close, very near
Grab with both hands- happy to accept a proposal
Rake heat with the wrong hands- to enjoy the fruits of someone else's work
Skillful fingers- about someone who skillfully, skillfully does everything, copes with any work

Phraseologisms with the word "HEAD"

wind in my head- unreliable person.
Flew out of my head- forgot.
Head is spinning- too much to do, responsibilities, information.
Giving head to cut off- promise.
Like snow on your head- suddenly.
fool your head- to deceive, to lead away from the essence of the matter.
Don't take off your head- be responsible for your actions.
View from head to toe- of everything, carefully, attentively.
Headlong- risky.
Don't pat on the head- they scold.
From a sick head to a healthy one- to put the blame on someone else.
Turn upside down- vice versa.
Break your head over the task- think hard.
Breaking my head- very fast.

Phraseologisms with the word "EAR"

The word ear is included in phraseological units, one way or another connected with hearing. Harsh words act primarily on the ears. In many stable expressions, the word ears means rather than the organ of hearing, but only its outer part. I wonder if you can see your ears? Using a mirror in this case is not allowed!

Keep eyes open- a person tensely waits for danger. Vostry is the old form of the word acute.
prick up your ears- listen carefully. The dog's ears are pointed and the dog's ears stick up when listening. This is where phraseology came from.
Can't see your ears- they say about a person who will never get what he wants.
Dive deep into something- they say to a person if he is completely absorbed in any occupation. You can also be deeply in debt - if there are a lot of debts.
Blushed to the ears- they say when a person is very embarrassed.
hang your ears- so they say about a person who listens to someone too trustingly.
Listen with all ears means to listen carefully.
Listen with half an ear or listen with the corner of your ear- listen without much attention.
Ears wither- it is disgusting to listen to something extremely.
Ears cuts- they say when something is unpleasant to listen to.

Phraseologisms with the word "TOOTH"

With the word tooth in the Russian language, there are a fairly large number of set expressions. Among them, a group of phraseological units is noticeable, in which teeth act as a kind of instrument of defense or attack, a threat. The word tooth is also used in phraseological units denoting various deplorable states of a person.

be in the teeth- to impose, to bother.
Armed to the teeth- they say about a person who is dangerous to attack, because he can give a worthy rebuff.
speak teeth- divert attention.
tooth for tooth- quarreling (a tendency to swear), unyielding, "as it comes around, it will respond."
Tooth not touching- they say if someone is cold from a strong cold or from trembling, excitement, fear.
Give a tooth- to ridicule, to ridicule someone.
Tooth eat- push, push.
Bare teeth- laugh.
eat teeth- gain experience.
scratching teeth- talk nonsense, nonsense.
Try it on the tooth- learn, try directly.
Something too tough for anyone- it is difficult to bite off, beyond the power, beyond the abilities.
Nothing to put on the tooth- they say when there is nothing to eat.
Not in the tooth with a foot- absolutely nothing (not to know, not to understand, etc.).
look someone in the mouth- learn everything about the person.
Raise by the teeth- laugh.
Show teeth- means to demonstrate one's evil nature, the desire to be at enmity, to threaten someone.
Put your teeth on the shelf- to starve when there is no food left in the house.
speak through teeth- barely open his mouth, reluctantly.
Grit your teeth- do not lose heart, do not despair, start the fight.
Sharpen or have a grudge against someone- To be mean, to do harm.

Phraseologisms with the word "CHEST, BACK"

The words chest and back are included in oppositely colored phraseological units. However, there are positively colored phraseological units with the word back.

Stand up or stand with your chest for someone- rise to the defense, steadfastly defend.
Riding on someone's back- achieve your goals by using someone in your interests.
Bend your back- work, or bow.
Hunch your back- work.
Ride on whose back- to use someone for any of their purposes.
Behind someone (to do something)- so that he did not see, did not know, secretly from someone.
Put your hands behind your back- cross them at the back.
On one's own back (experience, learn something)- from my own bitter experience, as a result of troubles, difficulties, hardships that I myself had to endure.
Knife in the back or stab in the back- traitorous, treacherous act, blow.
turn your back- leave, leave to the mercy of fate, stop communicating with someone.
Pave the way with your chest- to achieve a good position in life, achieves everything with hard work, overcomes all the difficulties that have fallen to him.
Skulk- shift your duties or responsibilities to someone else.
Work without bending your back- diligently, diligently, a lot and hard. They can praise an approximately working person.
Straighten your back- gain self-confidence, cheer up.
Show back- leave, run away.
Stand behind someone- secretly, covertly lead someone.

Phraseologisms with the word "LANGUAGE"

Language is another word often found in phraseological units, since language is extremely important for a person, it is with it that the idea of ​​​​the ability to speak and communicate is associated. The idea of ​​speaking (or, conversely, silence) can be traced in one way or another in many phraseological units with the word language.

Run with your tongue out- very fast.
Keep your mouth shut- be silent, do not say too much; be careful in your statements.
Long tongue- they say, if a person is a talker and likes to tell other people's secrets.
How a cow licked her tongue- about something that quickly and without a trace disappeared.
Find a common language- reach mutual understanding.
step on the tongue- make them fall silent.
Hang your tongue on your shoulder- very tired.
Get on the tongue- to become the subject of gossip.
bite your tongue- shut up, refrain from speaking.
untie tongue- encourage someone to talk; give someone the opportunity to speak.
Dissolve language- without restraining oneself, losing control over oneself, blurting out, saying too much.
Pip on your tongue- an angry wish to an evil talker.
pull tongue- to say something not entirely appropriate to the situation.
shorten tongue- to make someone shut up, not to let them speak insolence, superfluous.
Scratch your tongue (scratch your tongue)- talk in vain, engage in chatter, idle talk.
scratch tongues- to gossip, to slander.
The devil pulled the tongue- an unnecessary word breaks off the tongue.
Tongue without bones- they say if a person is talkative.
Tongue is braided- you can't say anything clearly.
Tongue stuck to throat- suddenly shut up, stop talking.
Tongue swallow- shut up, stop talking (about the unwillingness of someone to speak).
The tongue is well suspended- they say about a person who speaks freely, fluently.

Phraseologisms with the word "LITTLE"

Almost- about, almost
Small spool but precious- value is not determined by size
Small small less- one is smaller than the other (about children)
Small bird, but the nail is sharp- insignificant in position, but inspires fear or admiration for his qualities
small dog to old age puppy- a person of small stature always seems younger than his years, does not make a solid impression
You never know what– 1. anything, anything 2. not essential, not important 3. excitement, what if…
little by little- slowly, little by little
low speed- slowly
From small to large– all ages
Little by little (drink)- a little, a small portion
play little by little- make a small bet (in games)
From an early age- since childhood
The smallest- a small part of something.

The correct and appropriate use of phraseological units gives speech a special expressiveness, accuracy and imagery.

PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN PICTURES

See if phraseological units are illustrated correctly, and tell me how do you understand their meaning?

Guess a few poetic riddles about phraseological turns:

You will not find friendlier than these two guys in the world.
They are usually referred to as water...

We walked the town literally along and …
And we were so tired on the road that we barely ...

Your friend asks furtively
Copy the answers from your notebook.
No need! After all, you will give this to a friend ...

They are out of tune, they confuse words, someone sings in the forest, ...
The kids won't listen to them.
From this song, ears ...

Russian is one of the most beautiful and richest languages ​​in the world. Over the long history of its formation, it has undergone many transformations, changes and has been saturated with various vocabulary that help to make the conversation more clear and understandable, or figurative and tortuous, and sentences elegant.

In contact with

One of these vocabulary phrases in the sentences of the Russian language is rightfully considered to be considered in the article. These are proverbs and sayings carefully collected over the centuries by our ancestors. They make the dialogue between people richer, more beautiful, similar to the literary language.

It is insanely interesting to find the meanings of certain types of phraseological units. You can spend your whole life studying this direction in Russian. Let's try to answer such a question, how and when it is appropriate to use phraseological units in a conversation.

What is phraseology

Phraseologism is a stable phrase, which in most cases has its own meaning in a sentence only in the established, generally accepted form, and nothing more. For example, “run away, sparkling with your heels”, you cannot pronounce it like, “run away with sparkling heels” or say “cherish like the pupil of the eye”, instead of “cherish like the apple of the eye”.

But there are exceptions, when changing the order of words in some types of phraseological units is often considered normal. That is, a number of phrases do not change their meaning when the words are rearranged. Thus, “beat the buckets” and “beat the buckets” or “carry water in a sieve” and “carry water in a sieve” are phraseological units that do not change due to rearrangement of words in them.

The history of the birth of proverbs

Many words of the Russian language are outdated and have lost their true meaning, but they are still present in stable expressions.

Consider an example like "Nick down"(remember something very well). If you think about the meaning of this phrase, it seems quite cruel, but in fact the history of this expression is hidden for centuries. Many centuries ago, illiterate people carried tablets with them, on which, in order to remember upcoming events or necessary facts, they made notches. That is, to chop on the nose used to be literally synonymous with the word “write down”.

Or phraseology "lead by the nose"(deception is very skillful, so that the victim does not notice it at all). Why did they start talking like that? Everything is simple. Did you not pay attention to how huge camels dutifully wander after their master without even trying to escape or somehow lean? The reason for this is far from animal humility, but a ring threaded through the nose, to which a rope is tied, which is in the hands of the owner of the beast. Therefore, the expression "lead by the nose" has acquired its meaning.

And also an interesting story with phraseology "hang nose". Now the full version of the proverb is rarely used, which sounds like “hang your nose on a fifth”. Strange as it may seem, but this phrase originates from musical professionalism, or rather, from violinists. When a person plays the violin, he clamps his head on the instrument so that his nose almost touches the top string, which is called the fifth.

General meaning of set phrases

Most groups of phraseological units in the Russian language have something in common. Therefore, if you look closely, you can notice a pattern in the use, for example, of one or another part of the human body in phraseological usage. Let's try to understand this issue in more detail and understand the meaning of some proverbs. So.

Nose in phraseological units

On the human face, the nose has the function of an organ of smell, that is, the perception of smells. In stable phrases called phraseological units, this part of the body is a symbol of something not far away, located at a very small distance from a person. Here are some variations use of nose meanings in proverbs:

Interesting fact. The nose is considered a symbol of something very close, not only in proverbs. Take, for example, at least a fairy tale about Kolobok. How did the cunning fox get its prey to come dangerously close? That's right, she asked Kolobok to come closer and sit on her nose.

Perhaps these values ​​are due to the fact that on the human face the nose protrudes most of all, but at the same time it is still close to the rest of the face.

Mouth and lips

Mostly mouth in proverbs has the same functions as on the human face - talking and eating. Lips, in turn, often express emotions and desires, which is quite natural, because, from the point of view of psychology, it is this part of the human face that is most involved in human facial expressions. By the way, there are not so many groups of set expressions in which lips are used.

  • Dial water in your mouth - sharply shut up;
  • Pout lips - take offense;
  • The lip is not a fool - a person knows how to choose the best or has inflated desires;
  • Porridge in the mouth - a person speaks indistinctly;
  • Do not take it in your mouth - very tasteless, unpleasant food;
  • There was no poppy dew in the mouth - the person is hungry;
  • The mouth is full of trouble - a lot of work, a person is very busy;
  • Open your mouth - very surprised.

Ears

Ears appear in proverbs as organs of hearing, but also they have one feature- they are quite difficult to see without using foreign objects with a mirror surface, and, of course, this meaning of the symbol could not be ignored.

Teeth in proverbs

Teeth in set phrases are used mostly as a defense against something. And also in proverbs, teeth symbolize a smile and laughter.

  • Armed to the teeth - a dangerous opponent, which is very difficult to defeat because of his good training;
  • To give a tooth - to laugh or make fun of someone;
  • Bare teeth - it is unpleasant to laugh, mock;
  • Try it on the tooth - get to know better, study well;
  • Show teeth - show readiness for enmity and hostility;
  • Sharpen / have a tooth - dislike, have a dislike for someone.

Thus, we can conclude that phraseological units are phrases that make a conversation richer and more varied. They decorate our speech and help to express and define the emotions that seethe in us like a waterfall. So, having such a wealth of language, do we have the right to use slang words that make our speech less pleasant, and our soul more callous? One can only hope that everyone can find the answer to this question for themselves.