Where is the river shugor. Northern Ural: Podcherem-Telpos-Shchugor rivers. Animals and "eaters"
Every person, no matter where his fate throws him, keeps in his soul the image of some village lost in the forests, a stream, a grove, with which the warmest memories of childhood, first discoveries, first love are associated. Craving for the "small" homeland, nostalgia for the cherished landscape, exciting, almost obsessive dreams of returning to the calling lands - these feelings support our optimism, keep the faith that the best is yet to come.
The Shchugor, one of the largest Ural tributaries of the Pechora, is just such a bewitching corner of wild nature, already quite rare on our planet. It impresses with its beauty, primeval landscapes, richness of flora and fauna.
Extremely strong feelings leave acquaintance with the indomitable character of Shchugor on the threshold. The river literally bites into the mighty mountain ranges, in order to then calmly and majestically carry its waters in canyons that drop down like stone steeps. The canyons are generously framed by rock outcrops covered with cedar. The purity and taste of the crystal water of Shchugorsk are unique. In the splashes of falling jets - an unusually rich multicolored sun glare. And with what can one compare the grace, the power of an elastic body that jumped out of the water like a candle? This is the queen of the watercourses of the North - the famous Atlantic salmon.
Such is Shchugor, one of the sights Komi land. It is born on the southern slopes of Mount Yaruta. On its 300-kilometer path, the river overcomes a mountain strip, a ridged zone and the eastern part of the Pechora lowland. Endless rapids in the upper reaches are replaced by sections where short, but violent and noisy rifts alternate with extended reaches and pits. A huge block rises in the middle of the channel, one of the eternal symbols of the Urals - Ovin-stone. The already cramped floodplain of the river is interrupted by the most picturesque masses of the Upper and Middle Gates of Shchugor, formed by limestone outcrops of the Carboniferous system.
The majestic shores, often turning into sheer walls, are riddled with many grottoes, caves, and gorges.
In one of these gorges of the Upper Gate, the Shugorsky waterfall, hiding from the eyes, falls in a tight stream from a seemingly dizzying height. For a long time, like a magnet, it has attracted tireless travelers of mountains and forests - tourists. Gray rocks cut into the parma in a wide symmetrical fan. They form the Lower Gate, captivating with its severity and mystery, giving the impression of man-made.
But Shchugor is not only an amazing monument of nature. Its waters are the favorite habitat of an extremely interesting community of fish. Their value is determined by salmon species, among which is the world-famous salmon.
The virgin forests adjacent to the river and its tributaries are composed of cedar, spruce, fir, pine, birch, and aspen. The combination of dense spruce forests and spacious pine forests, birch forests and swamps is convenient for nesting and permanent habitation of black grouse - hazel grouse, capercaillie, black grouse, partridge. Most of the islands, and in the lower reaches of the floodplain meadows, are chosen by black forest scythes, for tournament fights - here is their current. In the very first autumn frosts, one can observe mass exits to the pebbly spit of Shchugor with hundreds and thousands of flocks of capercaillie and black grouse.
In the spring, when the first grass appears on the banks of the river, it is not uncommon to meet with a taiga owner, terrible for a beginner, - a brown bear. Hares that have not yet had time to shed their winter snow-white outfit often come here. In the summer, the waters of Shchugor become the only salvation from midges for large ungulates - wild reindeer and elk. In riverine forests, encounters with squirrel, marten, kidus, ermine, and fox are quite common. An experienced observer will see the tracks of a lynx and a wolverine, an otter and even a sable. All this is the everyday life of Shchugor.
The season of the year is remarkable here, when the crazy elements will carry away the last fragments of the winter cover of the river and only under the dense canopy of centuries-old fir trees will the snow remain darkened tatters. It was then that on the banks of the river one had to observe truly biblical pictures that have been preserved in our innate memory from ancient ancestors.
A little further from the water's edge, a couple of hares peacefully cut young shoots of cereals. Here, on the pebbles, grouse are walking around, not at all embarrassed by the neighborhood of several mergansers - predatory toothy ducks. Nearby - it is not known for what reason that a teal has stuck to their company. And the white-tailed eagle, hovering over a lonely rock, bent over the furiously rushing Shugor stream, it would seem, is not at all interested in the careless inhabitants of this natural zoo. However, the bear, poking around in the anthill already checked by his brother on the opposite bank of the river, is also absolutely calm. It's as if Brem's illustrations are brought together here. All this idyll is immersed in biblical silence, both desired and unknown to the inhabitants of the modern city. The silence is broken only by the rustling, ringing noise of water beating against stones. Divine peace seems to wash away everything petty, vain from the soul, leaving only thoughts about the significant, eternal.
Vasily Ponomarev
This route will allow you to get acquainted with the wonderful natural objects located on the border of the Northern and Subpolar Urals - the Shchugor River and the highest peak of the Northern Urals - Mount Telpos-Iz (1619 m). Tourists will raft on inflatable boats along the Shchugor River from the upper reaches to the mouth, with an inspection of the most beautiful coastal cliffs, and will also climb the Telpos-Iz mountain.
Type of tourism: hiking, rafting.
Group size: from 2 people.
Duration: 14 days / 13 nights.
Tour cost: 25 000 rubles from a person.
Children's age: from the age of 14.
Route thread: Vuktyl - the route of the gas pipeline "Punga-Vuktyl-Ukhta" - the upper reaches of the river. Shchugor - rafting on the Shchugor river to the Durnoy-El stream - climbing the Telpos-Iz mountain (1619 m) - rafting on the Shchugor river to the village. Ust-Shchugor.
Photo*. Mountain Nest of the Winds.
*Belkov V.V., Revda.
Tour program.
| Day p / p | Route segment. Events | Way to travel | Distance |
| 1 day. | From the village Vuktyl we go to the highway along the gas pipeline "Punga-Vuktyl-Ukhta", then we move along the highway to the east to the bridge over the river Shchugor. Assembly of ships, preparation for rafting. Overnight. | Automobile | 120 km |
| Day 2 |
Breakfast. We are completing the assembly of ships and preparation for rafting on the river. Shchugor. We pass 12 km to the mouth of the Ponya river, have lunch. After 3 km the mouth of the river Pelenkurya, 5 km below Pelenkurya we get up for the night. Recreation, fishing. |
Catamaran | 20 km |
| Day 3 |
Breakfast. We raft 12 km to the mouth of the left tributary. We have lunch. After lunch, we walk along the river for another 13 km. Overnight, rest, fishing. |
Catamaran | 25 km |
| Day 4 |
Breakfast. We go along the river for 12-13 km. On the banks of the forest - larch, birch, willow, cedar, spruce. Lots of dryness. The peaks of Telpos-Iza invincibly stick out above the clouds, and to the left of it, in the massif of Mount Hora-Iz, there is a magnificent huge steep-walled circus of regular rounded shape. We get up for lunch. After it we go to the mouth of the Moroi River. Overnight, rest, fishing. |
Catamaran | 25 km |
| Day 5 | Breakfast. Rafting 9 km from the mouth of the river. Moroi to the start of the Great Cataract. Dinner. We pass the mouth of the Volokovka River and the mouth of the Torgovaya River. Dinner, overnight. | Catamaran | 34 km |
| Day 6 | Breakfast, preparation for the rafting. Let's start. At the mouth of the river Nyartsu-Yu we have lunch, and after another 10 km we get up for the night on the left bank of the Shchugor, at the mouth of the Durnoy-Yel stream. Overnight, preparation for the ascent to Telpos-Iz - the mountain of the nest of winds, the highest peak of the Northern Urals. | Catamaran | 21 km |
| Day 7 | The beginning of a two-day radial exit - climbing Telpos-Iz. Breakfast. We start climbing from the mouth of the Durnoy-Yel stream along its valley to Lake Telpos. In a convenient place near the lake, we organize an overnight stay, walk around the lake, admire the mountain landscapes, take pictures, pick mushrooms and berries, if available. | On foot | 7 km |
| Day 8 | Breakfast. Leaving tents and bivouac equipment at the lake, we move along the northeastern shore of Lake Telpos for another kilometer. From here begins a steep ascent to the east-northeast to the ridge, and then along the rocky ridge to the southwest to the summit. Vertex! A majestic view opens from Telpos-Iza: in the north and northwest, mountains Neroika (1646 m), Saber (1425 m) and many others rise in a bluish haze. Under favorable weather conditions, we organize a snack with tea from thermoses at the top. Descent - on the way up to the parking lot at the mouth of the Durnoy-Yel stream. Festive banquet on the occasion of the successful ascent to one of the most significant and inaccessible peaks of the Urals. | On foot | 17 km |
| Day 9 | Breakfast. We continue rafting on the Shchugor. We go to the river. Telpos, at the mouth of which we dine. At the 20th kilometer below the mouth of Telpos, Shchugor receives the Sedya River on the left. We spend the night at the mouth of the Sedyu. | Catamaran | 35 km |
| Day 10 | After breakfast, we continue rafting down the Shchugor through the Parma area. At the 21st kilometer from the mouth of the Sedyu we pass a large right tributary of the Small Patok. Having descended 10 km below the mouth of M. Patok, we spend the night. | Catamaran | 31 km |
| Day 11 | Breakfast. We continue rafting on the Shchugor. Lunch after 12 km. After passing 24 km in a day, we reach the stream Veldor-Kyrta-Yol. After it, the channel of the Shchugor narrows, forming the rocky “Upper Gate”. Opposite the mouth of the stream on the left bank of the Shchugor is a great place to camp. We explore the caves in the limestone outcrops of the right bank of the Shchugor. Overnight, rest, fishing. | Catamaran | 24 km |
| Day 12 | Breakfast, continue rafting. We go from the Upper to the Middle Gate 11 km. Lunch combined with a tour of the cave and climbing the Shchugor root bank (the top of the rocky Gates). After lunch we go 8 km to the Bolshoy Patok River. 10 km below the mouth of B. Patok we get up for the night. | Catamaran | 29 km |
| Day 13 | Breakfast. We continue the rafting. We go to the mouth of the Katya-Yel River and, a little lower, the place of the former village of Michabichevnik. At the mouth of the river Kirta-Yel we have lunch. A fast current takes us to the Pechora River. We finish the rafting in the village of Ust-Shchugor. We settle down for the night. Banquet on the occasion of the end of the active part of the trip. | Catamaran | 43 km |
| Day 14 | Rest day (used in a convenient and beautiful place along the route). Field bath on the river bank, walks, photography, picking berries and mushrooms. |
* The itinerary or route schedule can be adjusted on the spot, based on weather conditions, group readiness and other circumstances.
The tour price includes: equipment rental (catamarans; oars; life jackets; tents, campfire equipment, tourist rug, sleeping bag), 3 meals a day, all transfers according to the program, services of guides-instructors and a cook. The cost of the route includes accident insurance. The insurance policy is issued for the group and is kept by the instructors along the route.
Not included in the price: insurance against tick-borne encephalitis, backpack rental, photo and video shooting.
Required additions:
. Work on the program , 1 person per catamaran.
. Life jackets, oars are issued as special equipment;
As personal equipment on a hike, you must have: a backpack, a windproof suit, a rain cape, a hat, warm clothes, at least two pairs of shoes + slates or sneakers, a bathing suit, personal dishes, a flashlight, hygiene items.
Estimated additional costs: meals on the train, souvenirs.
Required documents: passport, ticket
Nutrition: 3 times. Food is prepared by an instructor on a campfire according to recipes , if you wish, you can take part and learn a few secrets of culinary skills.
The medicine: guides have a first aid kit. You can take a personal first aid kit (if necessary).
The picturesque right tributary of the Pechora River in the Northern Urals is 300 kilometers long. In some sources and on some maps, this river is called not Shchugor, but Shchuger.
The sources of the river are located on the western slope of the Ural Mountains, at an altitude of 750 meters above sea level (between the peaks of Molydiz, Akvalsupnel and Paryaur). The basin area is 9660 km². Average annual water consumption - - 252 m³/sec.
In the upper reaches it flows between high mountains. Shchugor made his way between Mount Telposiz and the southern slopes of the Research Ridge. It flows into the Pechora near the village of Ust-Shchugor, named after the river and founded in the 18th century.
What does the name of the river mean? Let's look into the book of the famous Ural linguist A.K. Matveev "Geographical names of the Urals":
“There are many reasons to believe that the initial sch goes back to h: sound sch completely uncharacteristic of the non-Russian names of the Urals. In the Book of the Big Drawing, the tributary of the Pechora is called Chugor or Schugor, according to the 1579 census, the village located at the mouth of the Shchugor River, a tributary of the Vishera, was called Chugor ... It is possible that these names indicate the habitat or grazing of deer: the Komi language has a word chukor- "heap", "herd", "herd", in Sami - chigar- "herd of deer" and "place of herd grazing", in Khanty - syakhyr- "pasture". It is curious that the word chugor or sugor- “the place of reindeer grazing” is also reflected in the Russian documents of the Obdorsk Council of the late 19th century ... Perhaps the toponyms Shchugor, Chugor and common nouns chugor, sugor go back to some Finno-Ugric or Samoyedic language.
The river has crystal clear and transparent water. There are a lot of fish in Shchugor. Salmon spawn here.
Tourists float down the Shchugor. There are many shivers, there are rapids. Rocks rise along the banks, the most interesting of which are the Upper, Middle and Lower Gates, framing the river from both banks. There are caves.
There is not a single settlement on the entire 300-kilometer river. It flows through the territory of the Yugyd Va National Park.
At the end of the 19th century, the Sibiryakovsky tract (or Shchugorsky portage) passed here, laid by the entrepreneur and gold miner A.M. Sibiryakov. Siberian bread was carried along it.
NOT. Yermilov about the river Shchugor (1888)
I propose to get acquainted with a fragment from the travel notes of N.E. Ermilov "Journey to the Pechora", published in 1888:
“The Shchugor River, at the mouth of which the Sibiryakovskaya Pier was founded, is remarkable for the beauty of its banks, the transparency of the water and the speed of the flow - qualities inherent in a mountain river: the Shchugor flows out of the Ural Mountains and cuts through the Idzhedi Parma ridge on its way. Entering the mouth of this river, we sailed first between low-lying banks, consisting of alluvial sands, covered now with groups of birches, now with willow bushes. Little by little the banks rose, the birch trees gave way to pines, firs and larch; among the sandy plain, huge individual stones began to come across, which gradually turned into giant cliffs hanging over the water; The flow of the river became faster and faster. Two islands - Tokar-yol and Tokar-di, which we met on the way, also have a mountainous character and are covered with dense green, one might say, virgin vegetation: they are rarely disturbed by human presence.
Finally, we reached the most beautiful point on the Shchugor - the area, in Zyryansk called Uldom-Kyrta, which in Russian means "iron gates". In front of these iron gates, the river expands for almost a verst, which is why its current becomes slow from very fast; a vast lake, as it were, is formed, closed in front by two high mountains, overgrown on the peaks with a dense dark forest. For the passage of the river, these mountains, as it were, move apart and a gate is formed, 80 sazhens wide, into which the river bursts with noise, hissing, stump and terribly worried: the speed of the flow in the gate is unusually great. These gates - the iron gates, Uldor-Kyrta - represent high stone walls, 40 sazhens high, consisting of light gray limestone, furrowed with deep vertical crevices, cracks and ruts, in the depths of which one can see green stripes of turf and shrubs growing there. Having passed 30 sazhens along these stone walls, you again enter the expanse of the river freed from the shackles, the excitement of which again turns into a smooth surface, and the roar, noise and speed are replaced by a calm current ... It is difficult to imagine this wild, but majestic view of northern nature.
Further up the river there are no less majestic gates - Sher-Kyrta, the middle rock - in the same way restricting the river on both sides with sheer cliffs, far protruding into its channel. Then there is the third stone gate - Veldor-Kyrta. Higher mountain Tylpos-iz (stone, wind nest) rises even higher along the Shchugor on its shore; about which the Zyryans have a belief that there is a permanent abode of the wind on it, why the slightest, as it were, sound of a voice or a knock made on this mountain causes a terrible storm in its vicinity. Even higher along the Shchugor there are caves with eternal, non-melting ice. But we could not get there and see all these wonders of nature: the steamer, having reached Sher-Kyrt (middle gate), could not cope with the speed and strength of the river current against which we were sailing, and was forced to turn back ...
The transparency of the Shchugor water is amazing: at a depth of 2 sazhens, small pebbles, even grains of gravel, lining the bottom of the river are clearly and distinctly visible; at the confluence of the Shchugor into the Pechora, its water does not mix with the Pechora water, but differs sharply from it for many miles below the mouth of this mountain tributary of the Pechora, so that the last river appears to the observer in the form of two parallel and contiguous flowing ribbons of water - light, transparent tape near the right bank and more muddy, grayish, near the left.
Tel-Poz-Iz, the most significant peak of the Northern Urals (1617 m). It is located near the conditional border of the Northern
Ural with Subpolar on the left bank of the Shchugor. The name literally translated from the Komi language means “Mountain of the nest of winds” (from - “stone”, “mountain”, “ridge”, pos - “nest”, tol - “wind”). It is usually translated into Russian simply as “The Nest of the Winds”. This is a figurative name: the Tel-Poz-Iza region is known for bad weather - fierce winds often blow from the top of the mountain, carrying clouds, rain or snow.
According to the records of A. Reguli, this mountain in Nenets is called Ne-Khehe - “Woman-idol”, “Baba-idol”. Its Mansi name Ne-Pupyg-Ner or Ne-Pupyg-Ur is considered as a translation from the Nenets, as it literally means "Mountain of the woman-idol". E. K. Hoffman cites the Mansi legend that God turned a woman into a stone idol, who contradicted her husband in everything, and forbade the Mansi to climb this peak: “If anyone dares to do this, then such a storm will rise that the daredevil will just fly into the abyss." Komi, according to local historian P. A. Sorokin, also believe that no one can climb the top of Tel-Poz-Iza, since the god Shua, or Voipel, the god of wind and cold, who does not like noise and does not allows people to break into their homes. On one of the peaks of Tel-Poz-Iz, there are supposedly traces of huge feet. These footprints are attributed to the god Shua. Passing through the Urals past Tel-Poz-Iz, the Komi tried not to make noise. If Shua "hears a noise, then a terrible wind will rise, snow will rise, and people must die, or they will turn into stone." So, in the form of a legend, advice was given to reindeer herders to stay away from this dangerous mountain. By the way, she is not alone. There is a place in the Subpolar Urals, which in various sources is called Tylaruz or Tel-Ruz, which in translation from the Komi language means “Wind hole” (tӧla - “windy”, ruz - “hole”). This is a huge trough-shaped valley, so named by reindeer herders because of the winds that constantly blow in it.
Some researchers believe that Mount Pillar, about which the Russian commander of the XV-XVI centuries, Prince Semyon Kurbsky, spoke, is Tel-Poz-Iz, but this assumption is difficult to prove.
Along the Tel-Poz-Iz mountain, a meridianally elongated mountain range, starting at the left bank of the Shchugor River and going to the top of the Podcherem River, is often called the Telpossky chain or the Telpossky, more precisely, the Telpozsky ridge, although, according to geologist E. D. Soshkina, the Komi are called Tel-Poz-Izom only the northern highest part of the ridge, the rest is called Sed-Iz - "Black Ridge" (komi sӧd - "black").
Yanyg-Tuit-Ner, a mountain on the Telpozsky ridge, 6 km south of Tel-Poz-Iza. Translated from Mansi - "Big Snow Stone".
Khalmer-Sale, a mountain on the Telpozsky ridge, 13 km south of Tel-Poz-Iza, at the top of the left tributary of the Shchugor, the Khalmerya River.
The name of Nenets origin, meaning in translation "Spur (cape) of the deceased" (halmer - "dead", salya - "cape", "spur", in Russian translation - sale, cf. Salekhard and Nenets Salya harad). E. K. Hoffman and D. F. Yuryev cite in the Mansi design - Khalmer-sale-urr (Mansi ur - “mountain, ridge, usually covered with forest”).
Khora-Iz, a mountain (1326 m) on the Telpoz ridge, 18 km south of Mount Tel-Poz-Iz.
Name from the Komi language: in the Izhma dialect of the choir - “a deer bull over the age of two years”, from - “stone”, “mountain”, “ridge”, that is, “Deer Stone” or, more precisely, “Stone of a bull deer” . The name, like many other oronyms of the Northern Urals, is associated with the reindeer herding life of the northern peoples.
Ossia-Ur, a mountain 5 km south-southwest of Mount Hora-Iz. Mansi name meaning "Narrow Mountain" (osya - "narrow", ur - "mountain, ridge, usually covered with forest").
Tuitym-Ner, more precisely Tuytyng-Ner, is a mountain on the Telpozsky ridge, 16 km south of Mount Hora-Iz.
Mansi tuytyng - "snowy", ner - "stone mountain", "ridge", therefore, "Snow Stone".
Miron-Van-Nyor, a mountain in the upper reaches of the Podcherem River, 30 km south-southwest of Mount Khora-Iz.
Most likely a hybrid oronym, in which the personal name Miron-Van - "Ivan Mironovich" goes back to the Komi language, and the geographical term ner - "stone mountain", "ridge" - to the Mansi language.
Khora-Sur, a mountain in the interfluve of the Bolshaya Turupya and Tuyahlanya, the left tributaries of the Yatria, 45 km to the east of Mount Tel-Poz-Iz.
Komi-Izhma chora - "deer bull over the age of two years", sur - "horn", therefore, "Deer (bull) horn". The name is clearly given by the shape of the mountain, resembling a curved antler, and even with a small process.
Somyakh-Nyor, a mountain on the right bank of the Shchugor River, 20 km east of Mount Tel-Poz-Iz. In cartographic sources and scientific publications there are also Sumyakhner, Sumakhner, Summahner, Suomyakh-ner and others. Wed Somyakh-Nel.
Sastum-Ner, in the sources of the 19th-20th centuries Sastem-Ner, Sastem-Nyer, Sostem-Ner, Sastemner, a meridional ridge on the right bank of the Shchugor River between the Somyakh-Nyor and Khosa-Nyor ridges. To the north and south of Sastum-Nyor, the sources of the Volya, a large tributary of the Northern Sosva, originate. In the Mansi language, sastum is “smooth”, “smooth”, therefore, Sastum-Ner is “Smooth Stone”, “Even Stone”.
Khosa-Nyor, also Khosa-Yalpyng-Nyor, a ridge up to 40 km long, running in a meridional direction along the right bank of the Shchugor to the south of the sources of Volya and the Sastum-Nyor ridge. In some sources - the Khosaner Range.
Translated from Mansi - "Long Stone", "Long Holy Stone" ("Long Prayer Stone").
Ner-Oika, also Oika-Ner, a mountain (936 m) in the upper reaches of the Yanyg-Manya and Tolya rivers, the right tributaries of the Volya. Translated from Mansi - "Master of the Mountains", "Old Man Ural". One of the Mansi "neroks", whose full title is Volya-Talakh-Ner-Oyka, that is, "The owner of the mountains in the upper reaches of the Volya."
Yaruta, a mountain at the very top of the Shchugor River, south of the Khosa-Ner ridge. E.K. Hoffman-Yarut, Yaruta-Ur, D.F. Yuriev - Yarut-urr.
For etymology, see Yarota (Polar Urals).
Pyrva, a mountain in the upper reaches of the Podcherem River on the watershed between Podcherem and Shchugor, 10 km ESE from Mount Miron-Van-Ner. In Hoffmann's book, more complete and accurate Mansi forms Pirva-Tump and Pirva-Ur are attested, which are translated as "Chirkovaya mountain" (Mansi pirva - "teal, kind of duck").
Pon-Iz, a mountain 7 km NNE from the source of the Ponya River, the left tributary of the Shchugor. Translated from the Komi language - "Dog Stone" (cf. the same name in the Subpolar Urals). In the hydronym, instead of Komi yu - “river”, the Mansi ya - “river” appears, however, A. N. Aleshkov attested to the form Ponyu - “Dog River”. What is primary - the name of the river or the mountain - is difficult to judge.
Tonder, a mountain at the top of the Ponya (Ponyu) river, the left tributary of the Shchugor, on the watershed of the Shchugor and Kozhnmyu basins. This name is explained from the Komi tender - "plank back of a sled" or the Nenets tender - "front and back of a sled" (cf. in the Subpolar Urals Small and Big Chunder, as well as Tönder-Iz). Local historian-ethnographer I. N. Glushkov gives the Mansi form, but with the same Komi or Nenets vocalization (Tӧndr-Ner). In the works of E. K. Hoffman and D. F. Yuryev, the purely Mansi sounding of Tyunder-urr (Tyunder) is reproduced, cf. Mansi tunter - "part of the sled".
Despite the exact correspondence, the connection with the Nenets tonder - “mound”, “tire” is less likely.
Kozhim-Iz, a mountain (1195 m) in the upper reaches of the left tributary of the Ilych, the Kozhimyu River. In the Komi language - Kozhnm-Iz, Kozhimyu, that is, "Kozhim mountain", "Kozhim River". Thus, the mountain was named after the river. Wed Mount Kozhim-Iz and the river Kozhim (Komi Kozhim) in the Subpolar Urals, where the same transfer occurred.
In the materials of the Hoffmann expedition and other sources of the 19th century, usually Kozhem-Iz and Kozhem-Yu. The Mansi name, according to V. A. Varsanofyeva, who refers to the local "Ostyaks", is Lu-Ner (more precisely, Luv-Ner) - "Horse Mountain". It belongs to a series of Mansi oronyms associated with the cult of the horse.
Makar-Iz, a mountain in the upper reaches of the Kozhimyu River, 9 km southeast of Mount Kozhim-Iz.
Name from the Komi language: Makar - a personal name borrowed from the Russian language, from - "stone", "mountain", "ridge", that is, "Makarov Stone".
Kychil-Iz, a mountain directly to the south of Kozhim-Iza, 12 km to the east from the confluence of the Kozhimyu and Ilych. The Kychilya River (more precisely, probably the Kychilyu), the right tributary of the Pirsyu, originates on this mountain.
The name Kychil-Iz is explained from the Komi language, where Kytshyl (Izhma and Pechora) - “bend”, “turn”, “bend of the river”, and from - “stone”, “mountain”, “ridge”, therefore, Kytshyl-Iz - "Mountain, where is the bend." True, it is difficult to understand which river bend we are talking about - Ilych, Pirsyu or Kychilya. The question of what is primary - an oronym or a hydronym is also open.
Pike-Yol-Iz, a ridge to the south of the Kozhnm-Iz and Kychil-Iz massifs, stretching for more than 20 km from north to south between the left tributaries of the Ilych - Pirsyu and Ukyu. The Mansi name of the ridge is Yany-Khambu-Ner, but there is no certainty that this form is accurate.
The Komi name Schuka-Yol-Iz is given by the river Schuka-Yol ("Pike Stream"), a hybrid hydronym consisting of a combination of the Russian word pike with the geographical term yol - "stream" from the Komi language. Oronim translates as “Pike-Yol Ridge” or “Pike Creek Ridge”. The Pike-Yol River is the left tributary of the Ilych, originating on this ridge.
According to the materials of V. A. Varsanofyeva, the orographic objects designated by the Komi name Shchuka-Yol-Iz and the Mansi name Yany-Khambu-Ner do not quite coincide. The Komi distinguish the northern part of the ridge - Tumbal-Iz and the southern - actually Pike-Yol-Iz, and the southernmost - the low end of the ridge adjacent to the banks of the Ukyu from the north, is called Parus-Iz, obviously, according to the stream Parus-
Yol, the right tributary of the Ukyu. According to E. S. Fedorov, this ridge is also called Khambu-Ur or Yany-Khangam-Ur.
The Mansi name of Yana-Khambu-Ner Varsanofiev translates as "Big Samoyed Mountain", but we do not know the Mansi word hambu with the meaning "Samoyed (Nenets)". The ethnonym Nenets in Mansi is Ern. It is possible that the name is a Mansi reworking of the Nenets oronym (Khamba in Nenets for “wave”, cf. Kumba).
Leaflet-Yol, the most significant peak on the Pike-El-Iz ridge (1095 m), located in the central part of the ridge. The mountain is named after the Leaflet-Yel stream: Komi el - “stream”, and the word leaflet means some kind of vegetation or hay; it is borrowed by the Komi language from Russian, cf. in the dictionary of V. I. Dahl - a leaflet - “dropsy, water, buttocks with a currant leaf”, etc.
Sotchem-El-Iz (1040 m), a mountain on the left bank of the Ilych between the upper reaches of the Nerimyu, a tributary of the Ukyu, and the Ichet-Lyagi, the left tributary of the Ilych. Translated from the Komi language - "Mountain of the Burnt Stream" (Komi sotchöm, sotch - "burnt", spruce - "stream", from - "stone", "mountain", "ridge"). The botanist V. S. Govorukhin, who examined these places, writes: “The entire vicinity of Shantym-Priluk, located along the banks of the Bolshoy Sotchem-Iol’ stream in view of the Sotchem-Iol’-Iz mountain peak, once (about 100 years ago) completely burned out, due to which is why such somewhat strange Zyryan names as “Burned Stream”, “Burned Mountain” appeared.
V. A. Varsanofyeva cites and explains the Mansi name of this mountain Savkoner - “Mount Savka”, a reindeer herder who constantly stood on this mountain. However, the Mansi name should have the form Savka-Ner, since the personal name borrowed from the Russian language, derived from Savva, Savvaty, Savely and some other anthroponyms, in the Mansi language has the form Savka.
Torre-Porre-Iz, a separate mountain on the western slope of the Urals in the upper reaches of the left tributary of the Ilych, the Ichet-Lyaga River, 20 km SSE from Mount Sotchem-Yol-Iz.
Mount Torre Porre Is is one of the most remarkable natural monuments in the Northern Urals: on its plateau-like peak there are many rocks of bizarre shape. Here is how V. A. Varsanofiev describes Torre-Porre-Iz: “The top of Torre-Porre in the northern part of the ridge is a plateau gradually lowering to the south, on the surface of which there is a whole city with bizarre stone buildings and ruins ... In the western, steep sheer walls topped with battlements and large "watchtowers" rise on the plunging edge. At the northern edge of the plateau, where the most elevated point of the ridge is located, dissected rocks rise in the form of massive walls and towers. The most picturesque parts of the fantastic city with its temples, monuments and palaces are located in the middle and southern part of the plateau.
The Mansi name of this original peak is Muning-Tump or Moning-Tump, in which muning is an adjective derived from the word muni (moni) - “rock-outlier” (cf. Muning-Tump in the upper reaches of the Vishera), therefore, translated from the Mansi “A separate mountain with remnant rocks” (at Varsanofyeva - “Mountain of pillars or ruins”). On the contrary, the Komi name Torre-Porre-Iz is very difficult to explain, since the corresponding words torre and porre are not in the most complete dictionaries of the Komi language.
Perhaps, in these "rhyming" sound complexes one can see a pictorial device for conveying surprise or bewilderment when characterizing such a natural phenomenon, for which ordinary human words are insufficient. The fact that such expressive means exist in the Komi language is evidenced by the following “rhymed” paired words: ruva duva - “with temper”, “with character”, shundy-mundy, shundy-kundy, shundry-mundra - “junk”, shylly -myllo, killy-myllo, leshki-pleshki - “trifle”. There are such expressions in toponymy: one of the peaks on the Kvarkush ridge is called Tara-Bara-Myk, however, perhaps not without the influence of the Russian tara-bara.
Kos-Iz, a mountain to the SE from Torre-Porre-Iza on the right bank of Ydzhnd-Laga. Translated from the Komi language - "Dry Mountain", "Dry Stone". The Mansi name Tosam-Akhvtas-Ner, or Tosam-Akhvtas-Tump, Tosam-Akhvtas-Nel, has the same meaning - "Dry stone ridge", "Dry stone spur".
Nyagys-Talyakh-Yalpyng-Ner, a group of "island" mountains to the north and northwest of the Pas-Ner ridge in the interfluve of the Nyais and Nyais-Mani in their upper reaches. Translated from the Mansi - "Holy Ural (Stone) at the top of the Nyays". Sometimes - Yalpyng-Nyor, Nyagys-Yalpyng-Nyor. This group includes Mount Nyagys-Talyakh-Ner-Oika, sometimes just Ner-Oika or Oika-Ner, that is, "Old Man Ural (Stone) at the top of Nyais", and Mount Ekva-Ner, or Ner-Ekva, Ekva-Syakhl , i.e. "Old woman-mountain". Since this group of mountains is closer to the Nyays-Manya River, it is also called Nyagys-Manya-Yalnyng-Nyor (D.F. Yuryev).
Wed Yalpyng-Nyor (Sosvinsky Yalpyng-Nyor).
Pas-Nyor, a ridge running in the NNE-SW direction between the upper reaches of the Nyais-Manya and Yovtyngya rivers, the northern continuation of the Yanyg-Kot-Nyor ridge.
V. A. Varsanofyeva gives the oronym Pas-Ner and its interpretation from the Mansi language “Mountain-mitten” (Mansi pass - “mitt”, ner - “stone mountain”, “ridge”). We did not come across this explanation, however, when interviewing Mansi informants. Although not very confident, they said that the word pas as part of the oronym has the meaning “limit”, “boundary”, that is, Pas-Ner - “Frontier Stone”, “Boundary Stone”. It has not yet been possible to establish what kind of border Pas-Ner could serve. It is possible that we already have a folk etymology in front of us and the original name really meant “Glove Mountain”.
The most significant peak of the Pas-Ner ridge has a very interesting name associated with the Mansi horse cult - Pas-Ner-Luv-Sis-Khurip-Lomt, that is, "Part of Pas-Ner, similar to the back of a horse."
Yanyg-Kot-Nyor, also Yanyg-Kvot-Nyor, a ridge about 40 km long between the Evtyngya River and the upper reaches of the Lopsiya River, going first from NNE to SSW, and then from N to S between the Pas-Nyor and Man-Kot ridges Ner. The highest height is 1126 m.
The Mansi name is translated “Big Kisovy Ridge” (yanyg - “big”, ner - “stone mountain”, “ridge”, cat, quot - “kitties, that is, the skin from the legs of a deer, elk, used, in particular, for making kitty skis; shoes made from this skin"). Both Mansi forms Yanyg-Kot-Nyor and Yanyg-Kvot-Nyor coexist, but as early as the 19th century (A. Reguli, E.K. Hoffman, D.F. the variant cat in oral speech is more common. Komi, according to V. A. Varsanofyeva, this ridge is called Petrushka-Iz, that is, “Petrushkin Stone”, however, it is possible that only the highest peak of the ridge is called that way.
The name, somewhat strange in its meaning, finds an explanation in Mansi mythology: it turns out that only the highest peak of Yanyg-Kot-Nyora remained dry during the global flood, and even then it was the size of a kisu deer (cf. similar stories about the peaks of Otorten, Chistop and other mountains) .
In a letter from the Hungarian traveler A. Reguli to Academician P.P. Koeppen, however, it is stated that the name Kvot-Nyar (as Reguli has it) is a translation of the Samoyedic toponym Penei-Pe and that both of these names in translation mean “Kisovy Stone” (“kisy” in Nenets foam, "stone" - pe).
This once again indicates that there was much in common between the Mansi and Nenets mythological perceptions of the Urals and that many Mansi names of the mountains can be Nenets tracings.
Lopsiya-Tump, or Lopsiya-Talyakh-Tump, a mountain at the top of the Lopsiya River, the left tributary of the Northern Sosva, 5 km to the east of the southern tip of the Yanyg-Kot-Nyor ridge. Translated from the Mansi language - "A separate mountain in the upper Lopsiya."
Man-Kot-Ner, also Man-Kvot-Ner, a ridge between the upper reaches of the Lopsiya and Manya, left tributaries of the Northern Sosva, the southern continuation of the Yanyg-Kot-Ner ridge. According to Varsanofyeva, the Komi call this ridge Petrun-Iz (Petrun is a personal name derived from Peter). The Mansi name translates as "Small Kisovy Ridge" (for more details, see Yanyg-Kot-Nyor). Mansi argue that a space the size of deer kitties remained unflooded during the Flood and on the top of Man-Kot-Nera.
The southwestern spur of this ridge is called Yorn-Ekva-Nel in Mansi, that is, "Spur of the Nenets old woman." Here, according to legend, a Nenka woman once died.
Yovt-Khuri, a group of mountains southeast of the Man-Kot-Ner ridge. Mansi distinguish two adjacent peaks - Yanyg-Yovt-Khuri and Man-Yovt-Khurn, that is, "Big Yovt-Khuri" and "Small Yovt-Khuri".
Mansi Yovt - "bow (weapon)", Khuri - "image", "image", that is, Yovt-Khuri - "Image of a bow", "Like a bow". The meaning of the metaphor becomes clearer if you look at Yanyg-Yovt-Khuri from the north, for example, from Mount Lopsiya-Talyakh-Tump (see), as the author had to do: it turns out that Yanyg-Yovt-Khuri looks surprisingly similar from a distance to a giant bow lying on earth and ready to shoot an arrow into the sky.
Eli-Khotal-Ekva-Ner, northeastern spur of the watershed ridge between the sources of the rivers Manya (left tributary of the Northern Sosva) and Tosamtov (right tributary of Manya).
One of the most mysterious among the Mansi names of mountains. Mansi translates with difficulty and hesitation: “Tomorrow the woman’s nose (spur)”, “The far sun of the woman’s nose”, “Ahead of the day is the woman’s nose”, etc. In literal translation - “The front day (sun) of the woman’s nose (spur) ".
Since Eli-Hotal-Ekva-Nel is the northeastern spur, the name may indicate that the spur faces the sunrise, the next day. It is likely that there is also a mythological character Eli-Khotal-Ekva, but nothing was found out about him.
Engyley-Syakhl, a mountain on a watershed ridge near the top of the Tosamtov River, a tributary of the Manyi, about 8 km NNE from Mount Pecherya-Talyakh-Chakhl. In the description of D. F. Yuryev - Engal-ner, in other sources also Engilsyakhl, Engal-Chakhl, Engile-syakhl, Yengole-Chakhl.
A very interesting name, important for understanding the processes of ethnic interaction that took place recently in the Urals: the geographical term syakhl - “top” belongs to the Mansi, but they cannot explain the word engyl. This word is Nenets (engaloy - “oblong”, “elongated”), proving that the Mansi borrowed many names of mountains from the Nenets, and even more often they traced (translated) them (see Tel-Poz-Iz about this). In this case, the so-called semi-calculus arose: only the Nenets geographical term was translated (obviously, pe or khoi), while the Nenets definition was retained. In conclusion, it remains to add that Engyley-Sakhl is indeed a narrow and elongated mountain, stretched along the meridian for almost 10 km.
Shchugor (Shchugyr, Schuger, in the upper reaches sakurya) - a river in the Komi Republic, the right tributary of the Pechora.
Length - 300 km, basin area - 9660 km². Sources on the western slope of the Northern Urals. The river is fed by rain and snow. The average annual water consumption is 252 m³/sec. Freeze from late October to early June. Shchugor is a salmon spawning ground.
Shchugor flows all its way through the territory of the Yugyd Va National Park. The river originates in one of the most remote places, in the region of the "pole of relative inaccessibility" of the Northern Urals. The source is located at an altitude of more than 750 meters above sea level, between the peaks of the mountains Molydiz, Akvalsupnel and Paryaur. For the first 100 km, the Shchugor flows almost strictly to the north, along the valley bounded by the meridional ridges of Yany-Yankech, Khosaner and summakhner from the east, and by the ridges of Tuytymneyor, Telpossky and Uuty from the west. In the area of Mount Telposiz, Shchugor goes along the conditional border between the Northern and Subpolar Urals. Here it turns west and crosses the western ridges of the Ural Mountains, breaking through between Telposiz and the southern slopes of the Research Ridge. Further, the Shchugor crosses the parma region, and flows into the Pechora near the village of Ust-Shchugor.
Shchugor is characterized by exceptional purity and transparency of water. The river is shallow almost throughout its entire length, abounds in shivers, and there are rapids. There are several interesting geological monuments on Shchugor: Ovin-stone, Upper, Middle and Lower Gates.
The Shchugor springs from springs in the very heart of the Northern Urals, flows briskly between the ridges along the valley to the north, and then goes to the west, along the Pechora lowland and flows into the Pechora. The most picturesque places on the Shchugor begin after the confluence of the river. Telpos, when the first high cliffs are shown. 20 km below Telpos, Shchugor receives the Sedya River on the left, enters the Parma region. After 7 km, on the left bank, the remains of the Gerd-Yu settlement are visible, opposite the picturesque rock of Gerd-Yu. The width of the river here is 100 m.
In the Parma area (110 km) Shchugor has the character of a mountain river. Deep long stretches alternate with rifts and rapids. At 30 km of the way - a wide reach, below which there is a strong rift - a shiver Narrow mouth. Its length is 2 km. Subdivided into Upper, Middle and Lower. The most stormy is Sredny at the Shelyasor rock.
42 km below the mouth of the Telpos, the Shchugor receives a large right tributary - the Small Patok, from where one of the most beautiful sections of the river begins. Behind, on the horizon, silhouettes of yurs with the bulk of Telposiz are visible. A river goes ahead, bordered by coastal forests. This canyon-like section of the river valley. Shchugor, which is a complex geological natural monument of federal significance, is subject to protection. The rocky sides of the canyon are composed of Carboniferous deposits. The upper part of the section is represented by reef massive limestones of the Gzhelian stage with the richest complex of fossil brachiopods. At the left bank exit, the contact of Carboniferous limestones and Permian terrigenous deposits is traced. In the right-bank part of the canyon, there are interesting forms of weathering: pillars, cones, caves, niches, bas-reliefs. Below the Small Patok, the Shchugor narrows, forming Upper gate. This is one of the most beautiful places in the national park.
2 km below the gate there is a Krivoy rift - a steep drain with a difficult fairway between two islands. Below the crooked creek Krasny. Zyryan - roll before middle gate(most effective). From the Upper Gate to the Middle Gate 9 km. In the rocks of the Middle Gate is the largest Sher-kyrt cave. Its length is 100 m, the height of one of the grottoes is 6 m. The rocks of the Gate rise to 100 m. At the exit from the Gate, the left bank recedes far, but the right one rises and exposes Permian thin-layered sandstones and shales.
9 km below the Shchugor Gates, Bolshoy Patok takes place, in front of which there is a violent, unsafe threshold with high standing ramparts. At the mouth of the Big Patok there is an island, which is bypassed along the left channel. The width of the river here is 180-200 m. There are many small places below the Big Patok. After 2.5-3 hours, the channel branches into 2 channels, forming an island. 24 km below the mouth of the Big Patok is the village of Michabechevnik. From it to Ust-Shchugor 32 km. On this section of the river there are dangerous rifts and very picturesque Lower Gate. There are many fossil shells, 7 caves in their layers. The width of the channel here is up to 300 m, there are many shoals. Several islands appear, but they also disappear. The valley becomes wide, and in a few hours the current takes it to the Pechora. On the left bank of the Pechora, 2 km below the mouth of the Shchugor, is the village of Ust-Shchugor.
