Year of formation of the Komsomol in the USSR. History of the development of Komsomol. The tragic fates of pre-war leaders

On October 29, 1918, at the First All-Russian Congress of Unions of Workers' and Peasants' Youth, the Russian Communist Youth Union (RCYU) was created.

1. Among the delegates to the congress at which the decision was made to create a communist youth union, in addition to the Bolsheviks and sympathizers, were 45 non-party delegates, one left Socialist Revolutionary and one anarchist.

3. In October 1918, 22,100 members joined the RKSM. By 1920, the number of members of the organization reached 482 thousand people. The number of members of the organization reached its maximum in the early 1980s, when it simultaneously included over 40 million people. In total, over 200 million people in our country became members of the Komsomol.

Delegates of the First All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Peasants' Youth Unions, at which a socio-political organization was created, later named the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (VLKSM). October 1918. Photo: RIA Novosti / Ivan Shagin

4. After the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924, the RKSM was renamed RKLSM - this is how the Komsomol became “Leninist”. The organization received its final name in 1926, in connection with the formation of the USSR - Komsomol (All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union).

5. The Komsomol, according to its program, was considered an independent organization working under the leadership of the Communist Party. In turn, the Komsomol also led the activities of another organization created for children and teenagers - the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.

6. In the late Soviet period, the Komsomol took a clear place in the ideological hierarchy of the Soviet Union. It consisted of Soviet boys and girls aged 14 to 28 years, who had previously been in the ranks of the Octobrists (from 7 to 9 years old) and Pioneers (from 9 to 14 years old). It was assumed that after 28 years a Komsomol member could join the party. In reality, however, less than half of the former Komsomol members joined the ranks of the Communist Party.

Painting by P. P. Belousov “Lenin among the delegates of the Third Congress of the RKSM.” Photo: www.russianlook.com

7. From 1918 to the early 1990s, the Komsomol was led by 15 leaders in the positions of chairmen, first and general secretaries of the Central Committee. Moreover, of the six first leaders of the Komsomol, five died during the “Great Terror” of 1937-1938, and another spent about 15 years in prison.

8. During its existence, the Komsomol as an organization was awarded six orders, with all awards occurring in the period from 1928 to 1968. The Komsomol has three Orders of Lenin (for the 30th anniversary of the organization, for military merits in the Great Patriotic War and for the development of virgin lands), the Order of the Red Banner (for military merits in the Civil War and the fight against interventionists), and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (for shock labor during the years of the first five-year plan) and the Order of the October Revolution (on the 50th anniversary of the organization).

9. In the Soviet Union, the Komsomol was engaged in the redistribution of labor resources within the country. For this purpose, the so-called “Komsomol voucher” distribution was used - on the basis of a document issued by a local Komsomol organization, the young man was sent to work in sparsely populated and hard-to-reach areas of the country where there was a shortage of personnel. The Komsomol voucher was used not only to send young people to other regions, but also to send them to other industries - for example, a voucher from the Komsomol to a flight school, to serve in the army or the police.

10. An integral part of the activities of the Komsomol were the so-called “Komsomol shock construction projects” - the construction of important industrial facilities, the patronage of which was entrusted to the Komsomol. In terms of importance, Komsomol shock construction projects were divided into several categories, the highest of which was the All-Union Komsomol shock construction project. The most famous such construction project was the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM). Tens of thousands of people worked on this largest infrastructure project of the late Soviet Union on Komsomol vouchers from 1974 to 1984.

Penultimate, XXI Congress of the Komsomol. First Secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee Viktor Mironenko leaves the podium after his self-recusal, 1990. Photo: RIA Novosti / Ptitsyn

11. The All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League (VLKSM) was dissolved at the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the organization in September 1991, which was convened immediately after the so-called “August putsch”. The then leaders of the Komsomol came to the conclusion that the organization had exhausted its political role.

Komsomol is an organization that for decades served as a school of life for many generations of Soviet people; an organization that has made a huge contribution to the heroic history of our Motherland; an organization that today and in the future will unite young people who are not indifferent to the fate of the country and people, in whose hearts the flame of the struggle for justice burns, so that a working person can walk with his head held high across the land, forever freed from exploitation, poverty and lawlessness.

There are no other examples in history of such a powerful youth movement as the Lenin Komsomol. In peacetime and during wars, shoulder to shoulder with the communists, Komsomol members were the first to go into battle, to virgin lands, to construction sites, into space and led the youth. At every historical milestone, the Komsomol promoted from its midst thousands and thousands of young heroes who glorified it with their exploits. Their example of selfless service to the Motherland and people will always be in the memory of current and future generations.

It all started back in the distant revolutionary year of 1917 with the creation of socialist unions of workers, peasants and student youth. But they were all separated. Therefore, already in 1918, on October 29, the First All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Peasants' Youth Unions began its work, gathering 195 delegates from all over Russia and uniting disparate youth organizations into a single monolithic Russian Communist Youth Union. October 29 became the birthday of the Komsomol.

After the congress, general meetings of unions of worker and peasant youth were held in all regions or, as they were called then, provinces.

The chronicle of the heroic deeds of the Komsomol is endless. Six orders burn brightly on his banner. This is national recognition of the Komsomol’s services to the Motherland. Everyone knew the Komsomol heroes: Lyubov Shevtsova, Oleg Koshevoy, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Matrosov, Liza Chaikina... Eternal glory and memory to them!

Komsomol is an organization that shapes a person and his personal qualities. Here the life views of young people were affirmed, and the first experience of social work was acquired here. Komsomol is the foundation that formed the Soviet man. Of course, there was everything in the Komsomol. It was good, and it was not so good. There were bureaucratic moments that irritated young people, but these moments were criticized. However, at its core, it was a wonderful public organization. The Komsomol shaped the worldview in certain coordinates - the Soviet worldview. Komsomol is youth. Komsomol - these are the most wonderful memories! Komsomol is energy, determination, the desire to turn this world upside down and make it better!

Komsomol is my destiny

Performed by: VIA "Gems" 1918-1928
RKSM was an active participant in the Civil War; he carried out three all-Russian mobilizations to the front. According to incomplete data, the Komsomol sent over 75 thousand of its members to the Red Army in 1918-20. In total, up to 200 thousand Komsomol members took part in the struggle of the Soviet people against the interventionists, White Guards and bandits. Heroically fought the enemies: 19-year-old commander of the 30th division Albert Lapin, future writers Nikolai Ostrovsky and Arkady Gaidar, armored train commander Lyudmila Makievskaya, commissars Alexander Kondratyev and Anatoly Popov, leader of the Far Eastern Komsomol Vitaly Banevur and many others. Komsomol members fought selflessly behind enemy lines. In Odessa, the Komsomol underground numbered over 300 people, in Riga - about 200 people, underground Komsomol groups operated in Ekaterinodar (Krasnodar), Simferopol, Rostov-on-Don, Nikolaev, Tbilisi, etc. Many Komsomol members died brave deaths in battles to defend their gains October revolution. In severe trials, the Komsomol grew stronger and stronger. Despite the enormous sacrifices he made on the fronts, his numbers increased 20 times: in October 1918 - 22,100, in October 1920 - 482,000. In commemoration of military merits on the fronts of the Civil War in the period 1919-20 against the troops of the White Guard generals Kolchak , Denikin, Yudenich, Belopoles and Wrangel, the Komsomol in 1928 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by a resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

Komsomol members of the 20th year

Music: O. Feltsman Words: V. Voinovich
Performed by: V. Troshin 1929-1941
After the Civil War, the Komsomol was faced with the task of preparing worker and peasant youth for peaceful, creative activities. In October 1920, the 3rd Congress of the RKSM took place. The leadership for the activities of the Komsomol was Lenin’s speech at the congress on October 2, 1920, “Tasks of youth unions.” Lenin saw the main goal of the Komsomol as “... to help the party build communism and to help the entire young generation create a communist society.” The Komsomol directed all efforts to restore the national economy destroyed during the war. Boys and girls took part in the restoration of factories in Petrograd, Moscow, the Urals, mines and factories in Donbass, and the country's railways. In September 1920, the first All-Russian youth subbotnik was held. Komsomol members assisted the Soviet government in the fight against profiteering, sabotage, and banditry. In 1929, the Komsomol carried out the first mobilization of youth for new buildings of the 1st Five-Year Plan. Over 200 thousand Komsomol members came to construction sites with vouchers from their organizations. With the active participation of the Komsomol, the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Plant, the Moscow and Gorky Automobile Plants, the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, the Turksib Railway, etc. were built. By resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on January 21, 1931 “for the initiative shown in the matter of shock work and socialist competition, ensuring the successful implementation of the five-year plan development of the national economy...” The Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

Far Eastern song

Music: B. Shikhov Lyrics: A. Pomorsky 1929
Performed by: Big Choir VRiT. Execution 1970 1941-1945
The Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 was a severe test for the entire Soviet people and their young generation. The Komsomol and all Soviet youth, at the call of the Communist Party, came out to fight the Nazi invaders. Already in the first year of the war, about 2 million Komsomol members joined the ranks of the Red Army. Komsomol members, boys and girls showed unprecedented courage, bravery, and heroism, defending Brest, Liepaja, Odessa, Sevastopol, Smolensk, Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Stalingrad, and other cities and regions of the country from the enemy. The Komsomol organization of Moscow and the region alone sent over 300 thousand people to the front in the first 5 months of the war; 90% of the members of the Leningrad Komsomol organization fought against the Nazi invaders on the outskirts of the city of Lenin. Young partisans and underground fighters from Belarus, the occupied regions of the RSFSR, Ukraine, and the Baltic states acted fearlessly behind enemy lines. The partisan detachments consisted of 30-45% Komsomol members. Unparalleled heroism was shown by members of underground Komsomol organizations - “Young Guard” (Krasnodon), “Partisan Spark” (Nikolaev region), Lyudinovskaya underground Komsomol group, etc. In 1941-45, about 12 million young men and women joined the Komsomol. Of the 7 thousand Heroes of the Soviet Union under the age of 30, 3.5 thousand are Komsomol members (of which 60 are twice Heroes of the Soviet Union), 3.5 million Komsomol members were awarded orders and medals. The names of Komsomol members who fell in the fight against the fascist invaders: Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Chekalin, Lisa Chaikina, Alexander Matrosov, Viktor Talalikhin and many others - became a symbol of courage, courage, and heroism. For outstanding services to the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War and for his great work in educating Soviet youth in the spirit of selfless devotion to the socialist Fatherland, the Komsomol was awarded the Order of Lenin by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 14, 1945.

Komsomolskaya
("Goodbye, mom, don't worry, don't be sad,
wish us a good journey")

Music: V. Solovyov-Sedoy Lyrics: A. Galich 1947
Performed by: KrAPPSA, solo. O. Razumovsky Performed in 1950. 1945-1948
The Komsomol invested enormous work in restoring the national economy destroyed by the Nazi invaders, in the construction of Minsk, Smolensk, Stalingrad, in the restoration of Leningrad, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh, Sevastopol, Odessa, Rostov-on-Don and many other cities, in the revival of industry and cities of Donbass, Dneproges, collective farms, state farms and MTS. In 1948 alone, 6,200 rural power plants were built and put into operation by youth. The Komsomol showed great concern for the placement of children and adolescents left without parents, for the expansion of the network of orphanages and vocational schools, and for the construction of schools. In 1948, the Komsomol celebrated its thirtieth anniversary. On October 28, 1948, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded the Komsomol the second Order of Lenin.

Komsomol members
(An unforgettable song of the wonderful Stalin era.)

Music: A. Ostrovsky Lyrics: L. Oshanin
Performed by: I. D. Shmelev, Choir and Orc. p/u V.N. Knushevitsky Execution 1948
1948-1956
The Komsomol took an active part in the implementation of measures developed by the party to boost agriculture. Thousands of young specialists, workers and employees, and high school graduates were sent to state farms, collective farms, and MTS. In 1954-55, over 350 thousand young people went on Komsomol vouchers to develop the virgin lands of Kazakhstan, Altai, and Siberia. Their work was a real feat. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, on November 5, 1956, he was awarded the third Order of Lenin for his active participation in communist construction and especially for the development of virgin lands of the Komsomol.

On the road friends!

Music: Anatoly Lepin Lyrics: Alexey Fatyanov 1959
Performed by: actor Leonid Kharitonov and others. Performed in 1959. 1956-1991
The scope of the Komsomol's activities in solving national economic problems has expanded significantly, in particular in the development of the riches of Siberia, the Far East and the Far North, and in the redistribution of the country's labor resources. All-Union detachments numbering more than 70 thousand people were formed, over 500 thousand young people were sent to new buildings. With the active participation of young people, about 1,500 important facilities were built and put into operation, including the largest in the world - the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Baikal-Amur Mainline named after the Lenin Komsomol, the Druzhba oil pipeline, etc. The Komsomol patronized 100 impact construction projects , including the development of the unique oil and gas resources of the Tyumen and Tomsk regions. Student construction teams have become a tradition for Komsomol members of universities. Millions of students took part in labor semesters. At the initiative of the Komsomol, the construction of youth residential complexes became widespread. Youth residential complexes have been built in 156 cities and regions of the country. The Komsomol is the initiator of all-Union campaigns to places of revolutionary, military and labor glory, in which millions of boys and girls participate. The children's and youth competitions “Golden Puck”, “Leather Ball”, “Olympic Spring”, “Neptune” and the all-Union military sports game “Zarnitsa”, held by the Komsomol Central Committee, became truly widespread. The Komsomol and Soviet youth organizations collaborated with international, regional, national and local youth organizations in 129 countries. On July 5, 1956, the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR was created, and on May 10, 1958, the Bureau of International Youth Tourism “Sputnik” was created. Over four years, more than 22 million young people traveled around the country via Sputnik, and 1.7 million people traveled abroad. In 1968, for outstanding services and great contribution of Komsomol members to the formation and strengthening of Soviet power, courage and heroism shown in battles with the enemies of the socialist Fatherland, active participation in the construction of socialism, for fruitful work in the political education of younger generations in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol, he was awarded Order of the October Revolution.

Komsomol tradition

Music: O. Feltsman Words: I. Shaferan
Performed by: Vladislav Lynkovsky Performed in 1968.

date	Congress	Resolutions
October 29 - November 4 1918	1st Congress of the RKSM	Uniting disparate youth organizations of a socialist and communist orientation into an all-Russian organization with a single center, working under the leadership of the RCP (b). The basic principles of the program and the charter of the RKSM were adopted.
October 5 - 8 1919	II Congress of the RKSM	An appeal to the proletarian youth of the whole world with a call to create the Communist Youth International (CYI).
October 2 - 10 1920	III Congress of the RKSM	The tasks of socialist construction and communist education of youth, restoration of the national economy destroyed during the war were determined.
September 21 - 28 1921	IV Congress of the RKSM
October 11 - 17 1922	V Congress of the RKSM
July 12 - 18 1924	VI Congress of the RKSM	RKSM was named after V.I. Lenin
March 11 - 22 1926	VII Congress of the Komsomol	Supporting the party line in the fight against Trotskyism. RKSM was renamed into Komsomol.
May 5 - 16 1928	VIII Congress of the Komsomol
January 16 - 26 1931	IX Congress of the Komsomol
April 11 - 21 1936	X Congress of the Komsomol
March 29 - April 7 1949	XI Congress of the Komsomol
March 19 - 27 1954	XII Congress of the Komsomol
April 15 - 18 1958	XIII Congress of the Komsomol
April 16 - 20 1962	XIV Congress of the Komsomol	The Komsomol Charter was adopted
May 17 - 21 1966	XV Congress of the Komsomol
May 26 - 30 1970	XVI Congress of the Komsomol
April 23 - 27 1974	XVII Congress of the Komsomol
April 25 - 28 1978	XVIII Congress of the Komsomol
May 18 - 21 1982	XIX Congress of the Komsomol
April 15 - 18 1987	XX Congress of the Komsomol
April 11 - 18 1990	XXI Congress of the Komsomol
September 27 - 28 1991	XXII Congress of the Komsomol (emergency)

October 29, 2018 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Komsomol. Komsomol is a mass patriotic organization of Soviet youth. There are no other examples in history of a youth movement that, over the years of its existence, has reached more than 160 million people and could boast of real achievements.

The Civil War, five-year labor plans, heroism during the Great Patriotic War, virgin lands, Komsomol shock construction projects - all this is the Komsomol. The birth of the Komsomol is not an act imposed from above, it is the unification of the energy and heat of the hearts of young people who dream of being useful to their Motherland.

Background

During the period of Dual Power (February-October 1917), when history could have turned either towards the bourgeois or towards the socialist system, N.K. Krupskaya and V.I. Lenin developed a program of revolutionary youth associations.

Organizations were created in large cities that became the basis for creating a structure on an all-Russian scale. For example, the SSRM (Union of Socialist Working Youth) in Petrograd, approaching the birthday of the Komsomol.

Congress of Workers' and Peasants' Youth

At the height of the Civil War (1918), the first congress of delegates from scattered youth organizations throughout the country took place in Moscow. 176 people came from everywhere: from territories captured by the White Guards, as well as by the German army (Ukraine, Poland); from the separated Finland and the self-proclaimed Baltic republics, as well as from Japanese-occupied Vladivostok. They were united by the desire to create a new power built on the principles of justice. The opening day of the congress (October 29) will go down in history as the birthday of the Komsomol, which united more than 22 thousand people.

The adopted charter and program of the All-Russian organization stated that it was independent, but operated under the leadership of the Communist Party, which determined its ideological orientation. The main speaker was Lazar Abramovich Shatskin, the author of the program. His name is little known in the country, because during the years of Stalinist repression he would be shot for being accused of Trotskyism. Like many other first secretaries of the Central Committee who headed the organization until 1938.

Symbols of RKSM

During the civil war, during which the Central Committee announced three mobilizations, they were kept and protected at the cost of their lives. A little later the first icons appeared. Their release, at first in insufficient quantities, was carried out by the Komsomol itself. The birth of the Komsomol was immortalized with four letters RKSM against the background of a flag with a star. Badges were awarded to production leaders and the best representatives of the organization.

Since 1922, a new uniform form was approved with the abbreviation KIM, meaning Communist Youth International. The form would also change in 1947, acquiring its final form only in 1956. It will already be awarded to everyone joining the ranks of the organization along with a Komsomol card.

Komsomol tasks

In 1920, the Civil War was still ongoing, but it became clear that the Red Army was winning. This posed serious tasks for the Bolshevik Party to restore the destroyed economy, create the country’s energy base and create a new society. The state needed competent personnel, so 2.10. 1920 at the next (IIIrd) Komsomol congress V.I. made a speech. Lenin, who defined the mission of the newly created organization: to study communism. It already consisted of 482 thousand people.

In the year the Komsomol was born, it was important to win, but now it was necessary to form the generation that was to live in different social conditions. The military front was to be replaced by a labor front. Grandiose achievements in the pre-war years became possible thanks to the participation of working youth in collectivization, Komsomol construction projects, patronage of general education, the movement of “thousanders” (who fulfilled the plan 1000%) and obtaining higher professional education (rabfak). Many Western analysts believed that the success of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War became possible thanks to the education of a person of a new formation, putting the interests of the country above personal ones, in which the Komsomol succeeded.

The birth of the Komsomol: the name of V. I. Lenin

In January 1924, the country was shocked by the news of the death of V.I. Lenin, the leader of the world proletariat and leader of the country. In the summer of the same year, the VI Congress of the RKSM took place, at which the issue of naming the Komsomol after V.I. Lenin was decided. The address spoke of a firm determination to live, fight and work like Lenin. His book “Tasks of Youth Unions” became a reference book for every Komsomol member.

The birthday of the Leninist Komsomol (12.07) added the letter “L” to the abbreviation of the organization’s name, and over the next two years it was called RLKSM.

Status of an all-Union organization

The date of formation of the USSR is considered to be December 30, 1922, when four republics became part of the union state: the RSFSR, the Byelorussian SSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Transcaucasian SFSR. The Komsomol organization received all-Union status in 1926 at the VII Congress. The birthday of the USSR Komsomol is March 11, while the Komsomol of all union republics was preserved.

Komsomol is a mass patriotic organization of Soviet youth. There are no other examples in history of a youth movement that, over the years of its existence, has reached more than 160 million people and could boast of real achievements. The Civil War, five-year labor plans, heroism during the Great Patriotic War, virgin lands, Komsomol shock construction projects - all this is the Komsomol. The birth of the Komsomol is not an act imposed from above, it is the unification of the energy and heat of the hearts of young people who dream of being useful to their Motherland.

Background

The initiator and ideologist of the organizational completion of attempts to create numerous youth groups was V.I. Lenin. And they were created even before the revolution. At first, youth primary groups were formed within the party and united workers and students. It was the students who were the most revolutionary class of that time. During the period of Dual Power (February-October 1917), when history could have turned either towards the bourgeois or towards the socialist system, N.K. Krupskaya and V.I. Lenin developed a program of revolutionary youth associations.

Congress of Workers' and Peasants' Youth

The adopted charter and program of the All-Russian organization stated that it was independent, but operated under the leadership of the Communist Party, which determined its ideological orientation. The main speaker was Lazar Abramovich Shatskin, the author of the program. His name is little known in the country, because within a few years he would be shot for being accused of Trotskyism. Like many other first secretaries of the Central Committee who headed the organization up to

Symbols of RKSM

The lists of delegates to the first congress were not preserved even in the archives. Subsequently, the task arose of identifying membership in an organization called RKSM (Russian Communist Youth Union). Already in 1919, Komsomol tickets appeared. During the civil war, during which the Central Committee announced three mobilizations, they were kept and protected at the cost of their lives. A little later the first icons appeared. Their release, at first in insufficient quantities, was carried out by the Komsomol itself. The birth of the Komsomol was immortalized with four letters RKSM against the background of a flag with a star. Badges were also awarded to the best representatives of the organization.

Since 1922, a new uniform form was approved with the abbreviation KIM, meaning youth. The form would also change in 1947, acquiring its final form only in 1956. It will already be awarded to everyone joining the ranks of the organization along with a Komsomol card.

Komsomol tasks

The birth of the Komsomol: the name of V. I. Lenin

The birthday of the Leninist Komsomol (12.07) added the letter “L” to the abbreviation of the organization’s name, and over the next two years it was called RLKSM.

Status of an all-Union organization

The date is considered to be December 30, 1922, when four republics became part of the union state: the RSFSR, the Byelorussian SSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Transcaucasian SFSR. The Komsomol organization received all-Union status in 1926 at the VII Congress. The birthday of the USSR Komsomol is March 11, while the Komsomol of all union republics was preserved. This structure existed until the Komsomol was alive. The birth of the Komsomol in 1918 ended with its self-dissolution in September 1991, which was associated with the collapse of the Union. Despite the emergence of organizations that consider themselves the legal successors of the Komsomol - the Komsomol of the Russian Federation, the RKSM, the RKSM (b), such a mass structure no longer exists in the history of the country. In 1977, its members were 36 million people, almost the entire population of the country from 14 to 28 years old.

The global changes that took place in the country in 1917, the subsequent years of the civil war, and devastation were for young people a real test of social maturity and willingness to actively participate directly in the construction of a new country. Already in 1918, Youth Unions arose in all major cities of Russia. For the successful work of revolutionary youth organizations, it was necessary to unite them into a single All-Russian organization. The organizational bureau, created by decision of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) in August 1918, appealed to the youth unions of Russia with an appeal to hold an All-Russian Congress. On October 29, 1918, theIKomsomol congress, at which the Russian Communist Youth League was founded. The Congress declared in its program that the Youth Union, called communist, has as its main goal the involvement of working and rural youth in the active construction of Soviet Russia.

At the beginning of 1919, after the unification of Belarus and Lithuania, the youth of the Komsomol organizations of these republics united for joint actions against the invaders. In July 1919, it was planned to convene a congress of the Komsomol of Lithuania and Belarus, but this was prevented by the offensive of troops of hostile Poland.

In 1920, during the occupation of the territory of Belarus by Polish troops, Komsomol members fought in the ranks of the Red Army and partisan detachments, and took an active part in underground work. By the spring of 1920, dozens of large partisan detachments were operating in the rear of the invaders. In many of them, young fighters made up about half of the personnel. By the end of the civil war, the ranks of the All-Russian Komsomol had grown almost twentyfold. The number of members of the Komsomol of Belarus has also increased.

February 23, 1928 in commemoration of military merits, for unparalleled heroism during the civil war and foreign intervention, the Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Development of the national economy

With the end of the civil war, together with the entire country, Soviet youth actively became involved in the process of restoring the national economy destroyed by the war, fought hunger and widespread illiteracy of the population, and directly participated in solving global problems of transforming the countryside, all agriculture, and industrialization. For example, over a thousand Komsomol members were delegated from the cities of the republic alone to help rural Komsomol organizations. During the first five-year plan, more than 200 large plants, factories, and power plants were built in Belarus alone. At all construction sites, the majority of workers were young people. With the active participation of Komsomol members and youth, the BelGRES, Mogilev artificial silk factory, Gomselmash, Orsha flax mill, Bobruisk woodworking plant and other enterprises were built in the republic.

January 21 1931 For the initiative shown in the matter of shock work and socialist competition, which ensured the successful implementation of the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the country, the Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

In 1935, following the example of young workers (miner Alexei Stakhanov, locomotive driver Pyotr Krivonos, weavers Evdokia and Maria Vinogradov, milling operator Ivan Gudov, young collective farmers Maria Demchenko, Praskovya Angelina and others), the famous mass Stakhanovite movement. It marked a new stage in socialist competition and the development of the country's national economy. Much effort is devoted to the development of the defense industry and industries related to it, in particular ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy and oil production.