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Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev where he lives. Mikhail Gorbachev: how the first and last president of the ussr lives and what he regrets. The richest pensioner

In the village of Privolnoye, Krasnogvardeisky District, Stavropol Territory, in a peasant family. He began his career early, while still in school. During the summer holidays he worked as an assistant combine operator. In 1949, Mikhail Gorbachev received the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for his hard work harvesting grain.

In 1950, Gorbachev graduated from high school with a silver medal and entered the law faculty of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov (Moscow State University). In 1952 he joined the CPSU.

In 1955 he graduated with honors from the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University and was placed at the disposal of the Stavropol Territory Prosecutor's Office and almost immediately transferred to Komsomol work.

In 1955-1962, Mikhail Gorbachev worked as deputy head of the department of agitation and propaganda of the Stavropol regional committee of the Komsomol, first secretary of the Stavropol city committee of the Komsomol, second, then first secretary of the Stavropol regional committee of the Komsomol.

Since 1962, at party work: in 1962-1966 he was the head of the department of organizational and party work of the Stavropol Regional Committee of the CPSU; in 1966-1968 - the first secretary of the Stavropol city committee of the CPSU, then the second secretary of the Stavropol regional committee of the CPSU (1968-1970); in 1970-1978 - the first secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee of the CPSU.

In 1967, Gorbachev graduated from the Faculty of Economics of the Stavropol Agricultural Institute (in absentia) with a degree in agronomist-economist.

Member of the Central Committee (CC) of the CPSU from 1971 to 1991, since November 1978 - Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for Agriculture.

From October 1980 to August 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev was a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee.

On October 1, 1988, with the election of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Gorbachev also became the formal head of the Soviet state. After the adoption of amendments to the Constitution, the first Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR on May 25, 1989 elected Gorbachev as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR; he held this position until March 1990.

From December 9, 1989 to June 19, 1990, Gorbachev was chairman of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

On March 15, 1990, at the Extraordinary Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected President of the USSR - the first and last in the history of the Soviet Union.

In 1985-1991, at the initiative of Gorbachev, a large-scale attempt was made to reform the social system in the USSR, which was called "perestroika". It was conceived with the aim of "renovating socialism", giving it a "second wind".

Gorbachev's proclaimed policy of glasnost led, in particular, to the adoption in 1990 of a law on the press that abolished state censorship. The President of the USSR returned Academician Andrei Sakharov from political exile. The process of returning Soviet citizenship to deprived and exiled dissidents began. A broad campaign was launched to rehabilitate the victims of political repression. In April 1991, Gorbachev signed agreements with the leaders of 10 union republics on the joint preparation of a draft of a new Union Treaty designed to preserve the Soviet Union, the signing of which was scheduled for August 20. On August 19, 1991, Gorbachev's closest associates, including "power" ministers, announced the creation of the State Committee for the State of Emergency (GKChP). They demanded that the president, who was on vacation in Crimea, declare a state of emergency in the country or temporarily transfer power to Vice President Gennady Yanaev. After the failed coup attempt on August 21, 1991, Gorbachev returned to the presidency, but his position was significantly weakened.

On August 24, 1991, Gorbachev announced the resignation of the General Secretary of the Central Committee and his withdrawal from the CPSU.

On December 25, 1991, after the signing of the Belovezhskaya agreements on the liquidation of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev became president of the USSR.

After retiring, Mikhail Gorbachev created the International Foundation for Socio-Economic and Political Research (Gorbachev-Fund) on the basis of the former research institutes under the Central Committee of the CPSU, which he headed as president in January 1992.

In 1993, on the initiative of representatives of 108 countries, Gorbachev founded the international non-governmental environmental organization International Green Cross. He is the founding president of this organization.

During the 1996 elections, Mikhail Gorbachev was one of the candidates for the presidency of the Russian Federation.

Gorbachev is one of the initiators of the creation in 1999 of the Forum of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates.

In 2001-2009, he was a co-chair on the Russian side of the Petersburg Dialogue Forum - regular meetings between Russia and Germany, in 2010 he became the founder of the New Policy Forum - a tribune for informal discussion of topical issues of global politics by the most authoritative political and public leaders from around the world .

Mikhail Gorbachev was the founder and leader (2000-2001) of the Russian United Social Democratic Party (ROSDP) and the Social Democratic Party of Russia (SDPR) (2001-2007), the all-Russian public movement "Union of Social Democrats" (2007), Forum " Civic Dialogue" (2010).

Since 1992, Mikhail Gorbachev has made more than 250 international visits, visiting 50 countries.

Mikhail Gorbachev is a statesman and public figure of the 20th century who entered the political world during the Soviet era. He became the first and only president of the USSR, the results of whose activities left a deep mark on Russian history, and also became important factors in the development of the rest of the world. The assessment of Gorbachev's role in the fate of the country in society is ambiguous - some believe that he brought the people more good than harm, while others are sure that the politician caused all the troubles of modern Russia after the collapse of the USSR.

Childhood and youth

Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich was born on March 2, 1931 in the Stavropol village of Privolnoye. Father Sergei Andreevich and mother Maria Panteleevna (Ukrainian by nationality) were peasants, so the childhood of the future president of the USSR passed without wealth and luxury. In his early years, young Mikhail had to endure the German occupation of Stavropol, which left an imprint on his character and political position in the future.

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Mikhail Gorbachev in his youth

At the age of 13, Gorbachev began to combine his studies at school with work on a collective farm: at first he worked at a mechanical and tractor station, and later became an assistant to a combine operator, whose duties were extremely difficult for a teenager. For this work, Mikhail Sergeevich was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in 1949, which he received for overfulfilling the grain harvesting plan.

The following year, Gorbachev graduated from a local school with a silver medal and entered the law faculty of Moscow State University without any problems. At the university, the future politician headed the Komsomol organization of students, where he was charged with the spirit of freethinking, which influenced his future worldview. In 1952, Mikhail was accepted as a member of the CPSU, and 3 years later, after successfully graduating from the university, Gorbachev received the post of first secretary of the city committee of the Komsomol of Stavropol.

Politics

The political career of Mikhail Gorbachev developed rapidly. In 1962, he was appointed to the post of party organizer of the Stavropol Territorial Production Agricultural Administration, in which Gorbachev earned a reputation as a promising politician during the reforms of the then current Soviet head Nikita Khrushchev.

Politician Mikhail Gorbachev

Gorbachev did not have special charisma or memorable external data (a man has an average height of 175 cm), so he made his way only with skills and working qualities.

Against the backdrop of good harvests in Stavropol, Mikhail Sergeevich established himself as a leading expert in the field of agriculture, which subsequently made it possible to become the ideologist of the CPSU on the development of this area.

In 1974, Gorbachev was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, where he headed the commission on youth problems. In 1978, the politician was transferred to Moscow and appointed secretary of the Central Committee, which was initiated by the former leader of the USSR Yuri Andropov, who considered Mikhail Sergeyevich an unusually highly educated and experienced specialist.

In 1980, Gorbachev joined the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. Numerous reforms in the market economy and in the political system fell under his leadership. In 1984, at a meeting of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the politician read out the report “The Living Creativity of the People”, which became the so-called “prelude” to the restructuring of the country. The report was received with optimism by Gorbachev's colleagues and the Soviet people.

General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU

Having won support and creating for himself the image of a global reformer, Mikhail Sergeevich was elected General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1985, after which a global process of democratization of society began in the USSR, later called perestroika.

Having become the leader of the second most powerful power in the world, Mikhail Gorbachev began to pull out the country that had fallen into stagnation. Without a clearly defined plan, the politician made a number of changes in the foreign and domestic policy of the Soviet Union, which eventually led to the collapse of the state.

General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Mikhail Gorbachev

On account of Gorbachev's "prohibition", the exchange of money, the introduction of self-support, the end of the war in Afghanistan, the end of the long-term cold war with the West and the weakening of the nuclear threat. Also, by the hands of the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU, who then had complete power over the country, the USSR liberalized society and weakened censorship, which allowed Gorbachev to gain popularity among the population, with whom the politician for the first time in the history of the Soviet state communicated in a free, and not in a "reigning" style. .

First President

The main mistake in Gorbachev's policy was the inconsistency in the implementation of economic reforms in the USSR, which led to a sharp deepening of the crisis in the country, as well as to a decrease in the standard of living of citizens. In the same period, the Baltic republics took a course towards estrangement from the Union, which did not prevent the Soviet leader from becoming the first and only president of the USSR, whom Gorbachev was elected in 1990 in accordance with the country's amended legislation.

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Vladimir Putin and Mikhail Gorbachev

However, the weakening of control over society led to dual power in the Soviet Union, a wave of strikes swept the country, and the economic crisis led to total shortages and empty shelves on store shelves. During that period, the 10th part of the country's gold reserves was "eaten", the situation in the USSR was close to a critical point. Mikhail Sergeevich could not prevent the collapse of the Union and his own resignation from the presidency.

In August 1991, Gorbachev's allies, which included a number of Soviet ministers, announced the creation of the State Emergency Committee (GKChP) and demanded that Mikhail Sergeevich resign. Gorbachev did not accept these demands, provoking an armed coup d'état in the country, known as the August coup.

Read also Gorbachev himself could stand behind the GKChP - media

Then the GKChP was resisted by the political leaders of the RSFSR, which included the then president of the republic, and Ivan Silaev. In December 1991, 11 union republics signed the Belovezhskaya agreement on the creation of the CIS, which became evidence of the termination of the existence of the USSR, despite the objections of Mikhail Sergeevich. After that, Gorbachev resigned and withdrew from politics.

Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich was born on March 2, 1931, in the village. Privolnoye, Medvedensky district, Stavropol Territory. He came from a family of repressed peasants.

During the Second World War, he lost his father, who died at the front. From the age of thirteen, he combined schooling with collective farm work.

When the young man was 15 years old, he was appointed assistant to the MTS combine operator. In 1949, Mikhail was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

In 1950 he completed his studies with a silver medal and without exams he entered the Lomonosov Moscow State University. He was admitted to the CPSU in 1952.

Political activity

After graduating from university, he began his journey in the Stavropol prosecutor's office. In 1955, he received the post of first secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee. In 1966, he began to hold the post of first secretary of the party city committee.

In 1978, he took the post of Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1980 he became a member of the Politburo. In 1985, he accepted the post of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

In 1990, Gorbachev, without leaving the post of General Secretary, was elected President of the Soviet Union.

Domestic politics

On May 17, 1985, on the initiative of Gorbachev, an anti-alcohol campaign was launched. The price of alcoholic beverages increased by 45%. The production of alcohol and the cutting down of vineyards were reduced. Against the backdrop of moonshine that gained popularity, sugar disappeared from the sale.

In December 1985, on the advice of E. Ligachev, he appointed B. Yeltsin as the first secretary of the Moscow City Committee.

On May 1, 1986, after the Chernobyl tragedy, at the direction of Gorbachev, May Day demonstrations were held in Minsk and Kyiv.

November 19, 1986 became the initiator of the law "On individual labor activity." In the same year, cooperatives were gradually planted - the forerunner of modern emergency situations. Restrictions were removed from foreign exchange transactions.

In 1987 Perestroika was proclaimed.

In an effort to localize national conflicts, he took tough measures. In 1988, unprecedented measures were taken to disperse a Georgian demonstration and a rally of Alma-Ata youth. In the same year, a long-term conflict began in Nagorno-Karabakh.

The President actively opposed the separatist aspirations of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.

The years of life and rule of the first Soviet president were overshadowed by resounding failures. Products began to rapidly disappear from the shelves, a rationing system was introduced for many types of food. The result of the washing out of goods from stores was hyperinflation.

External debt under Gorbachev increased first to 31.3, and then to 70.3 billion US dollars.

Foreign policy

Studying a brief biography of Gorbachev, you should know that he always sought close cooperation with Western countries. At the end of 1984, at the invitation of M. Thatcher, the president visited London.

In an effort to improve relations with the United States, he decided to reduce military spending. The USSR could not withstand the arms race with America and the NATO countries.

During the reign of Gorbachev, the collapse of the Warsaw Pact was carried out, the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. The fall of the Berlin Wall also happened. All this, according to historians, led to the loss of the USSR in the Cold War and contributed to its imminent collapse.

Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich is a person familiar to every Russian. It was this man who was the president of the Soviet Union, the first and last. since 1990 he had the status of head of state. And in 1991, the hero of the article resigned, because of which his life, of course, changed significantly. Many are still interested in the fate of the famous politician. What did he do after leaving the presidency? What is happening to him now? Where does Gorbachev live? In this article, we will provide answers to these and many other questions.

Biography of Mikhail Sergeevich

First of all, it is necessary to briefly familiarize yourself with the biography of this person in order to understand what events will be discussed in the future.

  • date of birth of Mikhail Sergeevich - March 2, 1931. His homeland is a small village located in the Stavropol Territory called Privolnoye. The boy's parents were simple peasants;
  • during the Great Patriotic War, the father of 10-year-old Mikhail was a front-line soldier, and he himself, along with his family, fell into occupation for a long time. From the age of thirteen, the boy studied and at the same time managed to work on the collective farm. For his diligence and selfless work at the MTS (machine and tractor station), Gorbachev was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor;
  • in 1950, the future president graduated from high school, and with a silver medal, after which he entered the Lomonosov Moscow State University. Due to the fact that Gorbachev had a government award, he did not have to take entrance exams;
  • from 1953, Gorbachev's career gradually begins when he becomes a member of the CPSU thanks to the recommendation from the director and teachers of his school, which he received at the age of 19;
  • after graduating from the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University with a red diploma in 1955, Mikhail went to the Stavropol Territory by distribution, where he began work in the prosecutor's office;
  • however, the future president did not stay long in this place, and in just 10 days he, on his own initiative, took up Komsomol work. So Gorbachev began working in the department of agitation and propaganda of the Komsomol in the Stavropol Territory;
  • further, Mikhail's career grew rapidly, by 1962 he became the first secretary of the Komsomol in the Stavropol Territory;
  • in 1966 he was appointed party organizer of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League for the Stavropol Territory, while at the same time Mikhail studied at the Faculty of Economics at a local university;
  • Gorbachev was one of the deputies of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 1974 to 1989;
  • in 1978 he became the Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and after a while he became one of the members of the Politburo;
  • in 1985, Mikhail Sergeevich was nominated as the General Secretary. It was during this period that he began the reforms, which were given the name "Perestroika". Many other transformations and high-profile events are also associated with this time. For example, "dry law", the introduction of certain parts of the market economy, such as self-supporting enterprises, a ban on criminal penalties for dissent. High-profile events include a confrontation with Yeltsin that escalated into a public conflict;
  • On March 15, 1990, the hero of the article was elected as the first President of the Soviet Union. He served as head of state until 1991.

In this video, Mikhail Sergeevich himself will tell about his relationship with his wife, Raisa Maksimovna, how she helped him with advice in political matters:

What did he do after?

After Gorbachev left the post of the main person of the country, he did not disappear, but continued to be active, however, in other areas.

  1. So, in 1992, Mikhail Sergeevich founded an international foundation named after him, which is engaged in research in the field of political science, economics and sociology;
  2. A year later, he became the founder of another fund organization called International Green Cross which specializes in ecology;
  3. Gorbachev tried twice to return to big politics, in 1996 running for the post of President of Russia and leading the Social Democrats since 2000, but he did not achieve success in this area;
  4. In 2011, Dmitry Medvedev awarded the former president with the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called;
  5. In addition, Gorbachev, moving away from political activity, tried himself in cinema as an actor, and in the literary field, and even in voice acting and recording musical works.

Where is Gorbachev now, and what is he doing?

What is the ex-president doing now? What does he live on?

At the moment, despite his advanced age, the former politician does not deny himself attending major events and actively participates in social activities. In addition, Gorbachev closely monitors the work of his foundation, not forgetting to visit its main office in Moscow several times a week.

Having released a book-collection of his memoirs two years ago, Mikhail Sergeevich began work on a new work. This time it was based on his lectures. Also now he takes an active part in discussions on the problems and development of modern society as an expert.

It is also worth noting that despite his considerable age, Mikhail Sergeevich manages to maintain clarity of mind. However, old age still makes itself felt - the health of the former politician is by no means ideal. Now he is constantly under the supervision of specialists, and also attends various procedures that support his health and help Gorbachev fight diabetes.

Where does Gorbachev currently live?

It is not very difficult to answer this question, because the ex-president does not hide his whereabouts. Unlike most former politicians, Mikhail Sergeyevich did not leave his native country, which, by the way, actively takes care of him.

So, by decision of the governments of the CIS countries, Gorbachev received two-story house in Kalchuga (a small village in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region). The dwelling seems rather modest for a man who was once the first person of the state, but Gorbachev does not need luxury and excesses, he is quite satisfied with a house with a bedroom, two offices, a kitchen and a dining room.

In addition, since he is a high-ranking former government official, Mikhail has a personal driver, a cook, two assistants - one for personal affairs and one for housekeeping - and four security guards. Also, all necessary medical expenses are paid by the state.

It is also interesting to mention that Gorbachev receives a pension of more than 700,000 rubles.

Personal life of the former president of the USSR

Mikhail Gorbachev always had only one life partner, Raisa Titarenko, and later Gorbachev, whom he met while studying at the university. Their modest student wedding took place in 1953, and since then the couple have been inseparable.

Raisa Maksimovna taught for a long time at the Stavropol University, where she lectured on ethics, philosophy and religion. After that, she worked in Moscow for more than 30 years.

The couple had only one child - the long-awaited daughter Irina, who was born in 1957.

Raisa Gorbacheva has always been support and support for her husband, so her death from leukemia in 1999 was a terrible blow to the former head of state.

Where are Gorbachev's children now?

At the moment, the daughter of Mikhail Sergeevich Irina lives and works in Moscow. Her main activity is work in the fund of her father.

Gorbachev also has two granddaughters, Ksenia and Anastasia, who, according to some reports, are now in Germany.

Thus, the former President of the USSR currently lives in Russia, is in good health, and actively participates in public life. And before his 88th birthday, all that remains is to wish the former politician health and long years.

Video: how Gorbachev looks now

This video will show the current state of the politician in 2019, his arrival at the premiere of the documentary "Meet Gorbachev":

Interest in the financial situation of the authorities never disappears. Former leaders are no exception. What and how do they live now, have they been able to accumulate sufficient capital for a comfortable life in retirement? Mikhail Gorbachev, who celebrates his birthday today, is associated among the citizens of the country, first of all, with perestroika and attempts to reform the USSR. What led to his activities as the first and last president of a great country is well known. Gorbachev became the last representative of the supreme power of the Soviet Union, it was under him that the state ceased to exist and collapsed.

ON THIS TOPIC

GOLD PARTS

It is known that after Gorbachev's rule, the rich country was left with a huge debt, during his time in power, the gold reserves of the USSR decreased by 10 times, and the external public debt increased almost three times. In this regard, in the 90s, a version of huge theft in the country's economy and the involvement of the Secretary General of the CPSU in them appeared in the press. Allegedly, Gorbachev and his faithful friends stole and secretly took abroad the "gold of the party" - the USSR's reserves in currency and jewelry in the amount of 11 billion dollars.

But no matter how hot this topic was, for the most part, invented by journalists, it remained one of the Soviet legends. Neither the investigating authorities nor independent researchers managed to get on the trail of the "gold of the party", which, allegedly, is still kept in foreign banks. By the way, in 1992, the ex-president of the USSR was interrogated by the investigator of the Prosecutor General's Office in the case of the finances of the CPSU, but this interrogation did not bring any result. So, assumptions that Mikhail Gorbachev became fabulously rich after resigning do not stand up to scrutiny.

NOBEL LAUREATE

Today, the only officially confirmed income of the ex-president of the USSR is his old-age pension, namely 40 minimum wages - 702,440 rubles. In the years that have passed since his resignation, Gorbachev, of course, has earned a lot. In 1990, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (about $1 million).


A year later, the ex-president of the Soviet Union created the Gorbachev Foundation, a non-profit organization to conduct research on the social, economic and political problems of Russian and world history. Despite the fact that the fund positions itself as a non-profit organization, its president, Mikhail Gorbachev, has probably been working there for almost 27 years on a non-voluntary basis.

Until recently, Mikhail Gorbachev lectured at Russian and foreign institutes and universities. His fees were not advertised, but it can be assumed that they were considerable - Gorbachev's experience and popularity are still in demand in the educational environment. However, as it turned out, not only there, but also in the advertising business.


One can only guess why the famous politician was filmed in advertisements for Pizza Hut, Louis Vuitton and Austrian railways, but commercials with his participation gained millions of views on video hosting. Fees for participation in advertising of famous personalities can reach several million dollars, but how much Gorbachev earned by starring in commercials for pizza, suitcases and trains is not known for certain.

SHOWMAN

In 2004, the last Soviet leader received the prestigious Grammy music award. Gorbachev participated in the recording of Prokofiev's musical fairy tale "Petya and the Wolf", as well as its continuation "The Wolf and Petya". Mikhail Sergeevich was accompanied by Bill Clinton, Sophia Loren and the Russian National Orchestra .



In addition, Gorbachev starred in feature films and documentaries, was a member of the jury of the popular project "Minute of Glory" on Channel One, released the music CD "Songs for Raisa" and wrote dozens of books. After his resignation, Gorbachev owned a dacha near Moscow and an apartment in Moscow. A few years ago it became known that the composer Igor Krutoy bought Gorbachev's elite apartment on Kosygin Street for 15 million rubles.

FAREWELL GERMANY?

It would seem that with such sources of income, Mikhail Gorbachev's life in retirement should be comfortable, but a few days before his 86th birthday, the politician decided to sell his house in southern Germany. A three-storey 17-room villa with an area of ​​600 square meters and a huge plot of land are estimated by experts at 7 million euros. Once Gorbachev even lived here for a while, walking in silence along the paths near the picturesque lake. The last time local residents saw the President of the USSR in a Bavarian park was three years ago.