Huxley on Brave New World Year. Oh brave new world. Aldous Huxley. "Brave New World" - a dystopian novel

Fragment of the cover of the original edition

This dystopian novel is set in a fictional World State. It is the 632nd year of the era of stability, the Age of Ford. Ford, who created the world's largest automobile company in the early twentieth century, is revered in the World State as the Lord God. They call him that - "Our Lord Ford." Technocracy rules in this state. Children are not born here - artificially fertilized eggs are grown in special incubators. Moreover, they are grown in different conditions, so completely different individuals are obtained - alphas, betas, gammas, deltas and epsilons. Alphas are, as it were, first-class people, mental workers, epsilons are people of the lower caste, capable only of monotonous physical labor. First, the embryos are kept under certain conditions, then they are born from glass bottles - this is called Uncorking. Babies are raised in different ways. Each caste is taught reverence for the higher caste and contempt for the lower castes. Costumes for each caste of a certain color. For example, alphas are in gray, gammas are in green, and epsilons are in black.

The standardization of society is the main thing in the World State. "Community, Identity, Stability" - this is the motto of the planet. In this world, everything is subject to expediency for the benefit of civilization. Children in a dream are inspired by truths that are recorded in their subconscious. And an adult, faced with any problem, immediately remembers some saving recipe, memorized in infancy. This world lives today, forgetting about the history of mankind. "History is all nonsense." Emotions, passions - this is something that can only hinder a person. In the pre-Ford world, everyone had parents, a father's house, but this did not bring people anything but unnecessary suffering. And now - "Everyone belongs to everyone else." Why love, why worries and dramas? Therefore, children from a very early age are taught to erotic games, taught to see a partner in pleasure in a being of the opposite sex. And it is desirable that these partners change as often as possible, because everyone belongs to everyone else. There is no art here, only the entertainment industry. Synthetic music, electronic golf, “sinofeelers” are films with a primitive plot, watching which you really feel what is happening on the screen. And if for some reason your mood has deteriorated, it is easy to fix it, you need to take only one or two grams of soma, a light drug that will immediately calm you down and cheer you up. "Somy grams - and no dramas."

Bernard Marx is a representative of the upper class, an alpha plus. But he is different from his brothers. Too thoughtful, melancholic, even romantic. Heel, puny and does not like sports games. Rumor has it that he was accidentally injected with alcohol instead of a blood substitute in a fetal incubator, which is why he turned out so strange.

Lynina Crown is a beta girl. She is pretty, slender, sexy (they say “pneumatic” about such people), Bernard is pleasant to her, although much in his behavior is incomprehensible to her. For example, she laughs that he is embarrassed when she discusses with him plans for their upcoming pleasure trip in the presence of others. But she really wants to go with him to New Mexico, to the reserve, especially since getting permission to get there is not so easy.

Bernard and Linina go to the reserve, where wild people live as all mankind lived before the Ford Era. They have not tasted the blessings of civilization, they are born from real parents, they love, they suffer, they hope. In the Indian village of Malparaiso, Bernard and Linina meet a strange savage - he is unlike other Indians, blond and speaks English - however, some ancient one. Then it turns out that John found a book in the reserve, it turned out to be a volume of Shakespeare, and learned it almost by heart.

It turned out that many years ago a young man Thomas and a girl Linda went on an excursion to the reserve. Thunderstorm began. Thomas managed to return back - to the civilized world, but the girl was not found and they decided that she was dead. But the girl survived and ended up in an Indian village. There she gave birth to a child, and she became pregnant while still in the civilized world. Therefore, she did not want to go back, because there is no shame worse than becoming a mother. In the village, she became addicted to mezcal, Indian vodka, because she did not have soma, which helps to forget all the problems; the Indians despised her - according to their concepts, she behaved depravedly and easily converged with men, because she was taught that copulation, or, in Ford's way, mutual use, is just a pleasure available to everyone.

Bernard decides to bring John and Linda to the Outside World. Linda instills disgust and horror in everyone, and John, or the Savage, as they began to call him, becomes a fashion curiosity. Bernard is assigned to acquaint the Savage with the blessings of civilization, which does not amaze him. He constantly quotes Shakespeare, who talks about things more amazing. But he falls in love with Lenina and sees the beautiful Juliet in her. Lenaina is flattered by the Savage's attention, but she can't understand why, when she suggests he do "sharing", he becomes furious and calls her a whore.

The Savage decides to challenge civilization after he sees Linda dying in the hospital. For him, this is a tragedy, but in the civilized world, death is treated calmly, as a natural physiological process. Children from a very early age are taken to the wards of the dying on excursions, they are entertained there, fed with sweets - all so that the child is not afraid of death and does not see suffering in it. After Linda's death, the Savage comes to the soma distribution point and begins to furiously convince everyone to give up the drug that clouds their brains. The panic is barely managed to be stopped by letting a couple of catfish into the queue. And the Savage, Bernard and his friend Helmholtz are summoned to one of the ten Chief Stewards, his fordist Mustafa Mond.

He explains to the Savage that in the new world they sacrificed art, true science, passions in order to create a stable and prosperous society. Mustafa Mond says that in his youth he himself became too interested in science, and then he was offered a choice between exile to a distant island, where all dissidents gather, and the position of the Chief Administrator. He chose the second and stood up for stability and order, although he himself perfectly understands what he serves. "I don't want comfort," replies the Savage. “I want God, poetry, real danger, I want freedom, and goodness, and sin.” Mustafa also offers a link to Helmholtz, adding, however, that the most interesting people in the world gather on the islands, those who are not satisfied with orthodoxy, those who have independent views. The savage also asks to go to the island, but Mustafa Mond does not let him go, explaining that he wants to continue the experiment.

And then the Savage himself leaves the civilized world. He decides to settle in an old abandoned air lighthouse. With the last money, he buys the most necessary - blankets, matches, nails, seeds and intends to live away from the world, growing his own bread and praying - whether to Jesus, whether to the Indian god Pukong, or to his cherished keeper eagle. But one day, someone who happened to be passing by sees a half-naked Savage passionately beating himself on the hillside. And again a crowd of curious people comes running, for whom the Savage is just an amusing and incomprehensible creature. “We want bi-cha! We want bee-cha!” - chanting the crowd. And then the Savage, noticing Lenina in the crowd, with a cry of "Wickedness" rushes at her with a whip.

The next day, a couple of young Londoners arrive at the lighthouse, but when they go inside, they see that Savage has hanged himself.

retold

This post was inspired by reading a novel by Aldous Huxley. Aldous Huxley "Brave New World") about the new consumer society.

Summary of Brave New World by Huxley
Aldous Huxley's Brave New World is set in the distant future, in a world of consumerism. All people live in one state, their whole life is standardized to the smallest detail, everyone knows his place and is obliged to obey everything that every member of society is taught almost from birth.

People are no longer born naturally - they are "produced" in special incubator factories. The production of people is carried out on the basis of existing orders from production, even before birth it is determined what a person will be like: what height, gender, level of development, habits, etc. Everything is programmed and set without taking into account the desire of the people themselves. Each caste of people is taught a profession for life, as well as how to behave, by the method of hypnopedia, when in a dream a person is repeatedly played the rules of his life, which a person learns so strongly that he really obeys them all his life. At the same time, members of the lower castes are instilled with respect for members of the higher castes, while the higher castes should dislike the lower ones.

In society, there are no concepts of family, marriage, the words "mother" and "father" are considered indecent, and everything that was once natural is dirty and disgusting. People live in a "sharing" mode, sexual partners change, permanent relationships are not welcome, and loneliness is considered abnormal. Good mood is brought about by the constant use of the mild and relatively harmless soma drug. It is not welcome to have an opinion that differs from the opinions of others, to criticize the existing system, to reject the accepted patterns of behavior, which include "ford services", meetings, unification, "wrong" sex life, etc.

In this society, most people feel completely comfortable, they live without any thoughts that everything could be different, that the individuality of people is a great value and a phenomenon that the foundations of society have no right to underestimate and reduce to something wrong and indecent . In such a society there are always people who feel lonely and uncomfortable, people are most often extraordinary and "unnecessarily" capable (in human incubators, when raising people, it is customary to remove "unnecessary" abilities). One such person is Bernard Marx, a member of the upper caste. He does not have a strong character, unbending will, but he clearly understands that society functions according to dubious rules. The other is Bernard's friend Helmholtz Watson, who, unlike Bernard, just has both the willpower and the character to oppose the prevailing foundations.

Bernard Marx sympathizes with Lenina (Lenin) Crown, a beautiful young girl who works in an incubator. Bernard is annoyed that she and her entourage treat each other like a piece of meat, agreeing to spend time together in public, without embarrassment. She initially does not pay attention to him, since his appearance is unremarkable. Nevertheless, they agree to go to a preserved Indian reservation, where life still happens "in the old way", where people live in families, where women naturally give birth to children, where there is religion, traditions and rituals. Lenina is completely horrified by this visit, but Bernard is not. They find in this reservation a woman who was once born in the "new" world, but many years ago she got into the reservation, gave birth to a child there and lived for many years. She suffered all this time because her values were the opposite of those of the Indians. Because of this, her son John (Savage) was not accepted by the Indians, but was not his and in the "new" world.

Bernard seeks permission to take John and his mother from the reservation. John immediately becomes popular in society, and along with him, Bernard. John's mother becomes a drug addict and never gets out of drug intoxication. John falls in love with Lenina, but cannot tell her about it. Lenina, on the other hand, does not understand John and tries to enter into ordinary sexual relations with him, accepted in their society. John prevents this, as he cannot accept the existing rules. After another attempt to seduce John, a conflict occurs that almost ended badly for Lenina. John was stopped only by the fact that his mother was dying. He goes to the "dying room" and finds the last moments of his mother. Her death has a very bad effect on him and he decides to change the world around him: he gives a speech about freedom to the representatives of the lower castes and throws away their drugs. Nevertheless, they do not understand him, do not heed his words and even try to beat him. Bernard and Helmholtz rush to help him. The arriving police stop the riots, arrest John, Bernard and Helmholtz and deliver them to the Chief Steward of Western Europe. An interesting conversation about the structure of the "new" society takes place in his office. Bernard, learning that he is being exiled to Iceland, loses his presence of mind. The chief administrator continues to communicate first with Helmholtz, who is exiled to the Falkland Islands, and then with John. In these conversations, the Steward agrees that the modern way of life is not ideal and does not at all take into account the needs of an outstanding minority. What's more, the Steward himself was once a budding scholar who nearly got himself exiled to the outlying islands, given the choice between exile and defending existing foundations. He chose the latter, although, in his words, he is "almost envious" of Bernard and Helmholtz, as they will find themselves in the company of the same thinking, extraordinary people like themselves, and he will continue to be forced to defend the uncomplicated happiness of others. The savage is refused a request to be sent to the islands and left in London.

Savage John leaves London and settles in an abandoned lighthouse, but very quickly becomes a celebrity again, as bystanders saw him beat himself with a whip. Reporters and just onlookers begin to come to him. Seeing Lenina among the onlookers, he beats her with a whip and, horrified by everything experienced the day before, he commits suicide the next day.

Meaning
Aldous Huxley's novel "Brave New World" shows what a society could be like if the principle of rejection of individuality and immoderate consumption was proclaimed in it: a life without worries, problems, religion, family. Everyone would be the same, homogeneous, would live without passions, heat. Nevertheless, this "new world" would not become less cruel than the "old" one - quite a large number of people are not comfortable in it: scientists, religious figures and just smart, open-minded people. It is difficult in this world for those who believe in the individuality of a person, in his right to be alone and to control his own life.

Output
In his dystopian novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley paints a picture of utopia. This utopian society is so close to the ideal that, in general, it doesn’t even look crazy, rather attractive for implementation: there are no wars, terrorist attacks, problems between people, hunger, etc. But in my opinion, the “correct” utopia would necessarily include a large number of abuses of those in power in relation to ordinary people, the use of force instead of law, squabbling over limited resources, the vices of overconsumption of common resources, a complete lack of labor efficiency, the degradation of society without competition, etc. For some reason, Aldous Huxley did not describe this in his novel Brave New World. Despite this, I liked the book. I highly recommend reading Brave New World by Aldous Huxley.

I also recommend reading book reviews (and the books themselves, of course):
1. - most popular post
2. - oncemost popular post ;
3.

Huxley's novel was the last I read from the top three "most famous dystopias", which also include Zamyatin and Orwell. As befits a representative of this genre, the book deals with a certain, and in a certain sense fantastic, social system. In order to build a "happy" and completely controlled society, Huxley decided not to create new security services and not wage a constant war with dissidents. To do this, he came up with a more radical means, namely, the controlled cultivation of those who need to be controlled. Although, perhaps, it would be more accurate to say - the cultivation of those that no longer need to be controlled.

People are born in test tubes and even at the embryonic stage of development they are “laid” with future character traits, intellect, moral and moral foundations. Only in some reservations (zoos, menageries?) there were people whom civilization could not attract.

What is the book about? Even if you try to briefly describe the plot, it is unlikely that it will be possible to achieve unambiguity. Perhaps this is a tragic love story of an "old" man (from the reservation) and a girl who is the fruit of a new order? Perhaps these are descriptions of all sorts of difficulties, absurdities and advantages of the “brave new world”, the existence of which is reinforced by a drug accessible to all (“Soms of grams - Internet of dram!”)? Perhaps the author's attempt to predict and warn future generations?

My general impression of the novel was just as ambiguous. On the one hand, Zamyatin and Orwell's works look more thoughtful and plot-driven, but Huxley's work evokes completely different thoughts and feelings. First, the "system" in Brave New World doesn't seem intimidating or destructive. And although there are also restrictions, prohibitions and controls, but all the people there are really happy, well, or almost happy, and they themselves choose cinemas with pornographic films (at least for us pornographic films), and not Shakespeare. And the Savage, as the protagonist of a "modern" person, armed only with Shakespeare and his own feelings, is unable to offer something in return, or at least "invest" himself in a mosaic alien to him. That is, in a certain sense, the book can be assessed as a description of the struggle between culture and science in achieving super-global goals. No union or compromise, but disappointment and hopelessness in both cases (in the first case - due to incapacity, in the second - due to the lack of need for them).

A lot of attention is paid to the sexual aspect of life, from the upbringing of babies to some "incomprehensible anxieties and feelings" in the characters of the novel associated with this aspect. Moreover, the author's attempts to speculate on the topic of the relationship between sex and love are immediately striking.

The author's visionary "hits" are very fascinated, and many examples can be given from what is only described in the book, but we have already implemented. The novel is even more interesting if the reader is familiar with the fact that Huxley participated in experiments on drug use and took part in the life of hippie communes. He even wrote another utopia, only positive - "The Island".

Brave New World is a book that is easy to read (in terms of the author's language and plot), thought-provoking (in a variety of ways), and re-read with pleasure, looking for something new and previously hidden from the reader's eyes.

“One thousand two hundred and fifty kilometers an hour,” said the head of the airport impressively. “Good speed, isn’t it, Mr Savage?”

“Yes,” said the Savage. - However, Ariel was able to encircle the whole earth in forty minutes.

Composition

Aldous Huxley is an outstanding writer of the 20th century; for decades, his work has been a “litmus test” of the main trends in the development of Western literature, social thought in general for world criticism. The novel belongs to the direction of dystopia.

According to O. Huxley himself, the novel is largely a response to the model of the "scientific society", which was proposed by H. Wells in the novel "People are like gods." Later, in the “newly visited“ brave new world ”, O. Huxley says that the theme of his work is not scientific progress itself, but how it affects a person’s personality. "Brave New World" is distinguished by the high material well-being of the world. Man as a person is the main object of O. Huxley's research, and the relevance of his novel is due precisely to the focus on studying the state of the human soul. In the world of assembly line work and mechanical physiology, a free man is an unprecedented phenomenon.

When creating a model of his "brave new world", O. Huxley combined the most negative features of totalitarianism and the contemporary mass consumer society. The result of all attempts to determine the world is the reduction of personality to those dimensions that are subject to programming. And the end of the path of mankind will be a "brave new world", in which all human desires are predetermined. At the same time, the desires that society can satisfy are satisfied, and the impossible ones are destroyed thanks to genetics even before the birth of a person, in the appropriate test tubes from which the population is derived. In the "brave new world" all thoughts, actions of people should be the same, and even the most intimate desires should be identical for everyone.

The whole truth, however, is materialized in the words of the Supreme Controller: “Everyone is happy. Everyone gets what they want, and no one ever wants what they can't get. They are provided, they are safe; they never get sick; they are not afraid of death; they are not annoyed by fathers and mothers; they do not have wives, children and lovers who can deliver strong feelings. We adapt them, and after that they can't behave differently than the way they should."

The world in the novel is one big state, all people in it are equal, but belong to different castes. Not yet born, people are already divided into higher and lower by chemical action on the embryos. The number of categories - castes - is large - "alpha", "beta", "gamma" and so on alphabetically up to "epsilon". The latter are specially created by the mentally handicapped in order to perform the dirtiest and most unpleasant work. The higher castes consciously refuse to communicate with the lower ones. But the representative of each caste in any case "adapts", passing through a special conveyor belt. And only the Great Controllers do not undergo adaptation, everything that is known to an ordinary “non-adapted” person is available to their understanding, that is, the very “white lie”, on the basis of which the “brave new world” is built.

In the slavery of O. Huxley's dystopian world, not everyone is equal. After all, it is impossible to provide equal work to everyone, so harmony between society and a person is achieved through the special destruction of all the emotional and intellectual qualities of a person that he simply will not need in his next life: drying out the brain, and instilling hatred through electric shock to certain objects, etc. In his novel, H. speaks of a future that is devoid of self-awareness, as something quite natural, because the "brave new world" arose according to the wishes and will of the majority. But there are individuals who try to resist the system, opposing their free choice to the general idea of a happy existence.

Thus, in the novel by O. Huxley, the struggle of two forces is presented. One of them affirms a dystopian world, and the other denies it. But any attempt at rebellion is stopped instantly, the society does not follow the revolutionaries. The desire for self-awareness and freedom of choice in this world will not take on an epidemic character, because only the elect are capable of defending their freedom, who are urgently isolated from “happy babies”. Two who rebelled against the accepted order were eventually exiled to "islands" specially designed for those who saw the light, and the third - the Savage - who tried to convey to society thoughts about freedom and justice, speaking to society, realizing that he had become a universal laughing stock, hanged himself. This is the end of Brave New World.

In the "brave new world" there is no place for a free person, for a living person, not an existing one. Its ordinary inhabitants, created in test tubes, "happy babies", are really happy in their attitude. Therefore, the “brave new world”, which is once built, is doomed to prosperity and sustainability within the framework of the model created by O. Huxley.

Today, you will not surprise anyone with the terrible prophecies of Aldous Huxley. What seemed disgusting, vile, unnatural and yet unlikely in the first half of the 20th century, in the 21st is already the realities of our life, if, of course, you look closely. We are living through a time when predictions of a hundred years ago can be tested and assessed to what extent their author was close to the truth. People re-read Orwell, Zamyatin (the novel "We"), Odoevsky, Huxley, criticizing, pondering, checking: who guessed right? Whose took? More precisely, what scenario of total loss turned out to be the most realistic?

Brave new world is based on the strongest World State. In the courtyard of the 632nd year of the era of stability, the Era of Ford - the deity and inspirer of the era. Ford is the founder of the world's largest automobile company. “Our Lord Ford” substitutes for God both on a religious level (they pray to him and rituals are held in his honor) and on an everyday level (people say something like “Ford knows him” or “save Ford”). Technocracy has swept the whole world, except for special reservations, which are left as reserves, since the climatic conditions in those places were recognized as economically unprofitable for establishing stability.

main feature Huxley's dystopia is that in his world, biological discoveries (Bokanovsky's method) make it possible to carry out genetic programming: artificially fertilized eggs are grown in special incubators using various methods. As a result, a caste society is obtained, where each group is prepared in advance for a certain functional load.

Where does the title "Brave New World" come from? It is pronounced by John in the novel, this is a quote from Shakespeare's "The Tempest" (Miranda's words). The savage repeats it several times, changing intonation from enthusiastic (like Shakespeare) to sarcastic (at the end of the novel).

What genre: utopia or dystopia?

The genre nature of the novel leaves no doubt about its certainty. If utopia is a fairy tale about a happy future that one would like to achieve, then dystopia is a scenario of the future that one would like to avoid. Utopia is an ideal, it is impossible to realize it, so the question of its implementation is from the category of rhetorical ones. But writers want to warn humanity about its opposite extreme, point out the danger and prevent it from going beyond the book pages. Of course, Brave New World is a dystopia in its totality.

But there are also utopian aspects in this novel. Many people note that the natural programming of people, the mentality of consumption and caste are the foundations of stability, which is so lacking in the modern world. In fact, Huxley solved all the burning problems of mankind by completely subordinating the planet to the will and consciousness of the world government. Even biological and physical laws fell on their faces before the mighty thought of alphas. Isn't this the ultimate dream? There is no war, no epidemics, no social inequality (no one realizes it, everyone is satisfied with the place they occupy), everything is sterile, provided, thought out. Even the opposition is not persecuted, but simply expelled from the country and lives with like-minded people. Isn't that what we all strive for? So figure it out, did the author depict a utopia?

But in a beautiful fairy tale, reality clearly emerges: morality, culture, art, the institutions of family and marriage, as well as the very essence of choice, are sacrificed to order, because human life is predetermined and programmed from the very beginning. In ebsilon, for example, the ability to break into alpha is taken away at the genetic level. This means that all our ideas about freedom, justice, love are destroyed for the benefit of comfort. Is it worth it?

Description of castes

The standardization of people is the main condition for harmony in the era of Ford and one of the main themes in the novel. “Community, Identity, Stability” is the slogan in the name of which everything that is in the human soul has been destroyed. Everything around is subject to expediency, material and rough calculation. Everyone "belongs to everyone" and lives for today, rejecting history.

Alphas- people of the first class, engaged in mental work. Alpha-plus-men occupy leadership positions (Mustafa Mond is his fordeystvo), alpha-minus-men are lower ranks (commandant on the reservation). They have the best physical parameters, as well as other opportunities and privileges.
beta- women who are couples for alphas. There are pluses and minuses of beta: smarter and dumber, respectively. They are beautiful, always young and slim, smart enough to perform the duties of the job.
Scales, delta and finally epsilons- working classes. Deltas and gammas are service personnel, agricultural workers, and epsilons are the lower strata of the population, mentally retarded performers of routine mechanical work.

First, the embryos stay in strictly defined conditions, then they "hatch" from glass bottles - "open". Individuals, of course, are brought up differently. Each of them is brought up respect for the higher caste and contempt for the lower castes. Even their clothes are different. The difference is in color: alphas are in gray, epsilons are in black, deltas are in khaki, etc.

The main characters of the novel

Bernard Marks. His name is a combination of the names of Bernard Shaw (a writer welcoming socialism and communism in the USSR) and Karl Marx (ideologist of socialism). The writer sneered at the Soviet regime, which he considered the prototype of his fictitious state, therefore he assigned to his hero the names of such people significant for the ideology of the USSR. , like socialism, at first looked pleasant, conquered with its opposition to evil for the glory of good, but by the end of the novel he revealed his ins and outs.
Alphas of a higher order sometimes get out of order, because they are overdeveloped. So was the psychologist Bernard Marx, the protagonist of Brave New World. He is skeptical about the entire progressive world order. His friend, teacher Helmholtz, is also in opposition. Bernard had a negative perception of reality because he was "splashed with alcohol in a blood substitute." He is 8 cm smaller than the other alphas and uglier than them. He feels his own inferiority and criticizes the world at least for the fact that he cannot enjoy all the benefits that are due to him. Girls ignore him, bad temper and "weirdness" scare his friends away from him. The authorities also have a negative attitude towards the employee, feeling a catch in him, but Bernard works well, so he manages to keep his job and even use his official position in order to somehow attract women. If in the first part the hero plays a rather positive role, then by the end his vile and cowardly essence is exposed: he betrays his friends for the sake of vanity and the dubious benefits of his world, which he so animatedly denied.
John (Savage)- the second main character in the novel "Brave New World!". His personality was formed under the influence of a volume of Shakespeare, which he found on the reservation. Linda taught him to read, and from the Indians he adopted the habits, philosophy of life and craving for work. He was glad to leave, as the “white-skinned” son of a “prostitute bitch” (Linda “shared” with everyone) was not accepted in the tribe. But, as soon as he arrived in the New World, his disappointment knew no bounds. Lenina, whom he fell in love with, could be invited to his place for the night by any man. Bernard went from being a friend to being a miserable greedy man: he used John to make society love and accept him. Linda, in the oblivion of soma (this is a synthetic drug that is given to all members of society as a cure for feelings and sadness), did not even recognize him and, in the end, died. John rebels against the New World by staging a riot: he threw out the catfish, calling for a flock of deltas to freedom, and they beat him in response. He settled alone near London in an abandoned airport. Knocking out vice from the body, the Savage tortured himself with an impromptu whip, prayed all night and worked hard. However, he was relentlessly pursued by reporters and curious Londoners, constantly intruding into his life. Once a whole crowd of onlookers arrived, and among them was Lenina. The hero, in a fit of despair and anger at her lust, beat the girl to the delight of the distraught spectators. The next day the savage hanged himself. Thus, the finale of the novel is a sentence to that suffocating progressive world where everyone belongs to everyone, and stability outweighs the very essence of human existence.
Helmholtz Watson– His initials are tailored from the names of the German physicist Helmholtz and the founder of behaviorism Watson. From these real-life people, the character inherited a consistent and firm desire for new knowledge. For example, he is sincerely interested in Shakespeare, understands the imperfection of the new art and tries to overcome this wretchedness in himself, mastering the experience of his ancestors. Before us is a true friend and a strong personality. He worked as a teacher and was friends with Bernard, sympathizing with his views. Unlike his friend, he really had the courage to resist the regime to the end. The hero sincerely wants to learn sincere feelings and acquire moral values by joining art. He realizes the squalor of life in a wonderful world and goes to the island of dissenters after participating in John's protest action.
Lenina Crown- her name is derived from the pseudonym of Vladimir Lenin. Probably, the author wanted to show the vicious essence of the heroine with this name, as if hinting at Ulyanov's ability to please both ours and yours, because many researchers still consider him a German spy who organized a coup in Russia for a tidy sum. So, the girl is just as immoral, but she was so programmed: among them it was even considered indecent not to change a sexual partner for a long time. The whole essence of the heroine is that she always does what is considered the norm. She does not try to get out of the rut, even a sincere feeling for John cannot dissuade her of the correctness and infallibility of the social system. Lenina betrays him, it costs her nothing. But the worst thing is that she does not realize her betrayal. Frivolity, primitive and vulgar tastes, stupidity and inner emptiness - all this refers to her characterization from the first page to the last. By this, the author emphasizes that she is not a person, the dialectic of the soul is unusual for her.
Mustafa Mond– His name belongs to the founder of Turkey, who recreated the country after World War I (Kemal Mustafa Atatürk). He was a reformer, he changed a lot in the traditional Eastern mentality, in particular, he began the policy of secularism. Thanks to his activities, the country got back on its feet, although the order under him was not soft. The hero's surname belongs to the British financier, founder of Imperial Chemical Industries, Alfred Mond. He was a noble and wealthy man, and his views were marked by radicalism and categorical rejection of the labor movement. Democratic values and ideas of equality were alien to him, he actively opposed making any concessions to the demands of the proletariat. The author emphasized that the hero is contradictory: on the one hand, he is a shrewd, intelligent and constructive leader, and on the other hand, he is an opponent of any freedom, a staunch supporter of the caste social system. However, in the world of Huxley it merges harmoniously.
Morgana Rothschild- her name belongs to the American banking tycoon John Pierpont Morgan, philanthropist and talented entrepreneur. However, he also has a dark spot in his biography: during the civil war, he traded in weapons and made a fortune out of bloodshed. Apparently, this hurt the author, a convinced humanist. The surname of the heroine came from the banking dynasty of the Rothschilds. Their successful enrichment is legendary, and rumors of secret conspiracies and conspiracy theories hover around their family. The genus is large, it has many branches, so it is impossible to say exactly who the writer was thinking about. But, probably, all the rich got it just because they are rich, and their very luxury is unfair, while others barely make ends meet.

Issues

The stability of the New World is described in the Supreme Controller's line:

Everyone is happy. Everyone gets what they want, and no one ever wants what they can't get. They are provided, they are safe; they never get sick; they are not afraid of death; they are not annoyed by fathers and mothers; they do not have wives, children and lovers who can deliver strong feelings. We adapt them, and after that they cannot behave differently than the way they should.

The main problem is that artificial equality, which turns out to be biological totalitarianism, and the caste structure of society cannot satisfy thinking people. Therefore, some alphas (Bernard, Helmholtz) are unable to adapt to life, they feel not unity, but loneliness, alienation from others. But without conscious members of society, a brave new world is not possible, it is they who are responsible for the programming and well-being of all the rest, deprived of reason, free will and individuality. Such people either perceive the service as hard labor (like Mustafa Mond), or depart for the islands in a state of painful disagreement with society.

If everyone can think and feel deeply, stability will collapse. If people are deprived of these rights, they turn into disgusting, dumb-headed clones that can only consume and produce. That is, there will be no society in the usual sense, it will be replaced by functional castes, artificially bred, like new varieties of potatoes. Therefore, solving the problems of social organization by genetic programming and the destruction of all its main institutions is the same as destroying society as such in order to solve its problems. It is as if a person beheaded himself because of a pain in his head ...

What is the meaning of the work?

The conflict in the dystopian Brave New World is not only a dispute between the old and the new worldview. This is a confrontation between two answers to the eternal question "does a good end justify any means?". Mustafa Mond (the embodiment of the ideologist of the New World) believes that for the sake of happiness, you can sacrifice freedom, art, individuality and faith. The savage, on the other hand, wants to give up saving stability for the sake of all this, he believes that it is not worth it. Both of them are programmed by education, so the conflict turns into a collision. The savage will not accept the "white lie", on the basis of which the "brave new world" is built, he was brought up by the high moral ideals of Shakespeare's time, and Mustafa consciously chooses stability, he knows the history of mankind and is disappointed in it, therefore he believes that there is nothing to stand on ceremony, and all means are good to achieve this very "good." This is the meaning of the work.

Huxley should be pleased. Many note that this particular writer was right when he came up with “sense” (a movie without meaning, but fully reproducing the feelings of the characters), “soma” (a drug equivalent to today's weed, LSD, which even a child can buy), “sharing” ( analogue of free love, sex without obligations), etc. Not only the forms coincide (helicopters, electro-magnetic golf, artificial analogues of food), which can still be attributed to the technical progress of civilization, but also the essential characteristics: our reality has absorbed the spirit and letter of the “brave new world”. Firstly, people of all ages are obsessed with sex, not love: they get younger, expose their naked bodies in a net, wear revealing outfits in order to be not beautiful, no, sexy. Married women, married men, small children, their grandparents, young couples in front of a fat plastic heart on Valentine's Day - all sell themselves, stripping and grimacing for the illusory approval of followers. They dump their ins and outs for everyone to see, publishing candid photos, details from their personal lives, addresses, phone numbers, place of work, etc. Secondly, gay leisure is now a drunken gathering, like an act of togetherness in Huxley: men and women take soma, see hallucinations and feel closeness in the euphoria of drug bliss. Common interests or beliefs are abolished, people simply have nothing to talk about, which means that there is no basis for unity, except for soma, alcohol or other stimulants of joy. You can list for a long time, but modern man himself understands what's what.