Noun. Discharge iv game forest forest cloud covered the sun tree roots
8th grade
Test on the topic: "ADDITION"
Option 1
1 : The general read the order.
a) general
b) an order
2. : The property of the mirror had ...
a) direct object
b) indirect addition
3. :
a) A cloud covered the sun.
A) We were very worried (our volleyball players).______________________________
B) Everyone was especially worried (team captain). _____________________
__________________________________________________________________
C) We were glad to warn them (possible errors). ________________
___________________________________________________________________
8th grade
Test on the topic: "ADDITION"
Option 1
Surname, name of student _________________________________________________
1 . Specify an addition in the offer: The general read the order.
a) general
b) an order
2. Determine the type of complement in the sentence: The property of the mirror had ...
a) direct object
b) indirect addition
3. Determine how the object is expressed in the sentence: I looked at the newcomer in surprise.
a) participle b) noun c) verb d) adverb
4 . Underline the additions in these sentences:
a) A cloud covered the sun.
B) The doctor advised me to go to the pool.
C) We regularly read Moskovsky Komsomolets.
D) The roots of trees feed the leaves.
D) Eight is not divisible by five without a remainder.
5 . Make sentences using the words given in brackets. Choose the necessary prepositions, underline the additions.
A) We were very worried (our volleyball players).____________________________
______________________________________________________________________
B) Everyone was especially worried (team captain). __________________________
C) We were glad to warn them (possible mistakes). _____________________
8th grade
Test on the topic: "ADDITION"
Option 2
Surname, name of student _________________________________________________
1. Grandma wrote a letter.
a) grandmother
b) a letter
2. Determine the type of complement in the sentence: The king and queen said goodbye...
a) direct object
b) indirect addition
3. Determine how the object is expressed in the sentence:
4. Underline the additions in these sentences:
b) The sun covered the cloud.
5. Make sentences using the words given in brackets. Choose the necessary prepositions, underline the additions.
a) Tomorrow we will play (our opponents). ___________________________
___________________________________________________________________
b) The captain was especially worried (goalkeeper). ____________________________
___________________________________________________________________
c) Faith (victory) helped us a lot. __________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
8th grade
Test on the topic: "ADDITION"
Option 2
Surname, name of student _________________________________________________
1. Specify the addition in the proposal:Grandma wrote a letter.
a) grandmother
b) a letter
2. Determine the type of complement in the sentence: The king and queen said goodbye...
a) direct object
b) indirect addition
3. Determine how the object is expressed in the sentence: I ask you to speak to the point!
a) pronoun b) infinitive c) noun d) adverb
4. Underline the additions in these sentences:
a) The conductor asked everyone to leave.
b) The sun covered the cloud.
C) Many countries trade with the United Arab Emirates.
D) City streets are decorated with high-rise buildings.
D) Multiply six by thirty-two.
5. Make sentences using the words given in brackets. Choose the necessary prepositions, underline the additions.
a) Tomorrow we will play (our opponents). _______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
b) The captain was especially worried (goalkeeper). ________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
C) Faith (victory) helped us a lot. _______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8th grade
Test on the topic: "DEFINITION"
Option 1
Surname, name of student _________________________________________________
a) both agreed
b) both are inconsistent
c) in the moon - inconsistent, pale - agreed
d) in the moon - agreed, pale - inconsistent
8th grade
Test on the topic: "DEFINITION"
Option 1
Surname, name of student _________________________________________________
1. Specify the definition in the sentence:The younger woman could say no more.
a) woman b) younger c) bigger d) nothing
2. Determine the type of underlined definitions in the sentence: The pale expanse of the street shone in the moonlight.
a) both agreed
b) both are inconsistent
c) in the moon - inconsistent, pale - agreed
d) in the moon - agreed, pale - inconsistent
3. Indicate the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence (punctuation marks are not placed).
Our dogs (1) tied to trees (2) suddenly (3) for some reason barked (4) and somehow stupidly looked at the ground.
A) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 1, 2, 3 c) 1, 2 d) 1, 2, 4
4. Determine the type of connection by which the definition in the sentence is associated with the word being defined:
Evening water froze motionless.
a) coordination b) control c) adjoining
5. Underline the definitions in the sentences, indicate the type (according, disagreeing):
a) Books in the library were given out by a tall girl with black eyes.
b) In our squad there were guys of different ages.
c) Behind the narrow-gauge railway there is an impenetrable palisade of a young pine forest.
d) There was a rock crystal vase in the window.
e) The driver is wearing a leather jacket.
8th grade
Test on the topic: "DEFINITION"
Option 2
Surname, name of student _________________________________________________
1. Specify the definition in the sentence:
2. Determine the type of underlined definitions in the sentence: It's a good habit to visit to the neighbors is not invented by us.
a) both agreed
b) both are inconsistent
more inconsistent
d) good - inconsistent,
3. Indicate the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence (punctuation marks are not placed).
a) coordination b) control c) adjoining
5. Underline the definitions in the sentences, indicate the type (according, disagreeing):
8th grade
Test on the topic: "DEFINITION"
Option 2
Surname, name of student _________________________________________________
1. Specify the definition in the sentence:For a moment, Andrey was seized by the desire to turn away.
a) for a moment b) desire c) turn away d) Andrey
2. Determine the type of underlined definitions in the sentence: It's a good habit to visit neighbors not invented by us.
a) both agreed
b) both are inconsistent
c) good - agreed, go to visit - more inconsistent
d) good - inconsistent, visit - agreed
3. Indicate the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence (punctuation marks are not placed).
Under the canopy of a spacious tent (1) there were (2) shifted in one row (3) tables (4) covered with oilcloths.
a) 2, 3, 4 b) 1, 2, 4 c) 1, 3, 4 d) 1, 2, 3
4. Determine the type of connection by which the definition in the sentence is associated with the main word:
One day my father took me on a boat with a sail.
a) coordination b) control c) adjoining
5. Underline the definitions in the sentences, indicate the type (according, disagreeing):
a) Wiped plates fly noisily onto a nearby bench.
b) The girl was wearing a beautiful velvet dress.
c) There was an interesting case in my practice.
d) A building made of glass and concrete appeared on the avenue.
e) We had a great desire to win.
8th grade
Related quiz: "ONE-PART OFFERS"
Option 1
Exercise:
1. Short autumn days.
2. Dawn meets dusk in the middle of a rainy day.
Answer_________________________
3. Cloudy and foggy during the day.
Answer_________________________
4. It's already freezing at night.
Answer_________________________
5. Gloomy, hazy, low sky.
Answer_________________________
6. You feel uncomfortable under such a sky.
Answer_________________________
7. Modest and calm titmouse seemed to have been replaced.
Answer_________________________
8. Seasoned broods of wolves gather in packs.
Answer_________________________
9. Traces of wolf robbery were found in a neighboring village.
Answer_________________________
10. Soon we will go hunting for hares.
Answer_________________________
11. A blizzard covered all the paths in the forest.
Answer_________________________
12. Now there are no exits from the forest.
Answer_________________________
8th grade
Related quiz: "ONE-PART OFFERS"
Option 2
Surname, name of student _______________________________________________
Exercise: In these sentences, underline the main members, indicate the type of one-part sentences.
1. A small winding river runs.
Answer_________________________
2. Thickets of reeds and sedges.
Answer_________________________
3. You wander through these thickets like in a dense forest.
Answer_________________________
4. Around is quiet and deserted.
Answer_________________________
5. An abandoned nest was found among the dense thickets.
Answer_________________________
6. It is especially easy to breathe near the river.
Answer_________________________
7. Still water, white and yellow water lilies.
Answer_________________________
8. The river turns right to the low bank.
Answer_________________________
9. We will swim here all day.
Answer_________________________
10. Over the years, a lot of sand has been deposited by the river.
Answer_________________________
11. Soon a real castle was built on the sand.
Answer_________________________
12. There are no more such sandy beaches on the entire river.
Answer_________________________
8th grade
Related quiz:
Surname, name of student _________________________________________________
1. Place punctuation marks, indicate a sentence with a generalizing word with homogeneous members of the sentence.
d) Breeds of horses according to their use can be divided into three groups of riding light draft and heavy.
2. Place punctuation marks
G) Granite iron wood court and Mercury.
3. Place punctuation marks
8th grade
Related quiz: Homogeneous members of the proposal. Generalizing word with homogeneous members of the sentence "
Surname, name of student _________________________________________________
1. Place punctuation marks, indicate a sentence with a generalizing
word with homogeneous members of the sentence.
a) The softest and most touching poems and pictures are written about autumn.
b) Everything around and sparkled and shimmered and sparkled in the sun.
c) Pike perch and bream, mackerel and anchovy are found in the Sea of Azov.
d) Horse breeds according to their use can be divided into three
riding groups, light-duty and heavy-duty.
2. Place punctuation marks, indicate a sentence in which there is a generalizing word and you need to put a colon.
a) Letters are written by various lacrimal diseases, sometimes beautiful, more often useless.
b) Dogs, horses, chickens are all wet sadly timidly.
in) The sailor met people who were sometimes noisy and mocking, sometimes timid and hospitable.
G) Granite iron wood court andpeople all breathe powerful sounds of a passionate anthem Mercury.
3. Place punctuation marks, indicate the sentence in which there is a generalizing word and you need to put a dash.
a) Kashtanka divided all mankind into two very unequal parts into owners and customers.
b) The river grove, the village and the field were all flooded with morning light.
in) Gerasim heard nothing, neither the quick screech of falling Mumu nor the heavy splash of water.
d) The piano could sing about everything about the impulse of the human spirit to the great about love and sadness.
4. Place punctuation marks.
a) Through the milky-blue haze, everything around the forest rocks of the island was dull blue.
b) It was cool and gloomy in all the rooms in the servant's room, in the hall in the drawing room.
in) Noise scolding lowing bleating roar all merged into one discordant dialect.
d) All these birds are ducks of all breeds and swans are almost not afraid of humans.
8th grade. REPETITION
Test on the topic: "
8th grade. REPETITION
Test on the topic: " Roots with alternating vowels"
Surname, name of student ___________________________________________
1. Indicate the row in which the letter O is missing in all words.
a) half ... live, ignited ... lit up, k ... sue
b) pretend ... to pretend, ugly ... red, in vain
c) contraction ... denial, inaccurate ... definitively, r ... sten
d) prick ... sleep, exc ... live, wrestle ... sli
2. Indicate the row in which the letter A is missing in all the words.
a) floor ... squat, s ... rnitsa, r ... drain
b) grown ... schenny, pri...relo, ryanka
in) negative ... left, r ... horticulture, k ... satelnaya
G) decompose ... live, water ... sli, adjective ... adjective
3. Indicate the row in which the letter I is missing in all words.
a) bl...become, collaborative...rather, crushing...
b) subtract ... melt, grind ... rub, busy ... mother
in) podp ... paradise, bl ... stele, wipe ... army
G) undress ... you tear, lean ... fall, freeze ... freeze
4. Indicate the row in which the letter E is missing in all words.
a) stop ... lil, read ... thief, please ... mother
b) lock ... ret, comp ... thief, beat ... ret
in) wipe ... die, die ... die, part ... breaks
G) composing ... gathering, gathering ... ripping, igniting ... I
5. In which row is the alternating vowel of the root missing in all words?
a) warmed ... rel, pod ... rit, lake ... renny
b) time ... sl, rejection ... offer, offer ...
c) vyr...shvyy, inapplicable...main, zap...snoy
d) assume ... r ... stitches, compaction ...
6. In which row is the alternating vowel of the root missing in all words?
a) proskl ... to take, g ... rny, lake ...
b) win ... relo, pay ... tit, bend ...
c) negative ... sl, inapplicable ... main, solvent ... solvent
d) offer ... to greet, bury ... reltsy, zag ... give birth
8th grade. REPETITION.
Related quiz: SPELLING OF VOUCHES AND CONSONANTS IN PREFACES
1 in.
Surname, name of student ________________________________________________
Exercise: Indicate the row in which the same word is missing in all words.
letter in prefix
a) ra ... border, ra ... talk, meek ... murmuring
b) ra ... standing up, and ... move, ra ... give
c) to ... bring down, to ... walk, be ... selfish
a) ra ... even, in ... tremble, in ... run
b) neither ... walk, nor ... cast, ra ... squeak
c) ra ... katy, ra ... angry, ra ... even
a) ra ... let, ... do, ra ... roll
b) ... burn, ra ... push, in ... tremble
c) ... to give, ... here, ... giving
a) ra ... thunder, ra ... provoke, ra ... tale
b) under ... kazka, ... here, ra ... twist
c) ra ... do, ra ... travel, ... health
a) and ... run, into ... burning, into ... breathe
b) be ... scary, be ... noisy, be ... erroneous
c) not ... talkative, beggarness, in ... doing
a) be ... life, be ... paid, nor ... plunge
b) in ... wave, and ... bend, be ... delicious
c) ra ... crack, in ... breathe, ... correct
a) break off ... break, teach ... give, in ... a circle
b) n ... saw, push ... move, from ... tear
c) s ... smell, under ... call, about ... drive
a) to ... build, o ... give, supply ... put
b) on ... to write, about ... to melt, to ... hold
c) on ... cut, squeeze ... reap, pre ... put
a) with ... tear, peel ... tear, n ... go
b) to ... click, from ... call, under ... tear
c) to ... drive, to ... look, about ... measure
8th grade. REPETITION.
- Suddenly, above Yegorushka's head, the sky broke with a deafening crack; he bent down and held his breath, waiting for debris to fall on the back of his head and back.
You can apply another version of a similar task.
Find the distinguishing features of the proposals presented in the form of diagrams:
, a . , (when…).
Logics. This analytical-synthetic thinking skill helps to establish causal relationships. Great opportunities for the development of independent logical thinking are, in particular, the solution of exercises of a certain type, which include, for example:
· continue a series of concepts (make logical chains)
A simple sentence can be complicated by homogeneous members, ...
Continue row
-places. noun ; noun not noun
· find the missing concept
Find the redundant concept. Why?
-Introductory constructions, appeals, direct speech, indirect speech, quotes, dialogue
Find an extra offer. Explain why .
-There can be no pure and joyful life without labor.
- Blue sparkle of lightning.
- I will saddle a horse, a fast horse.
· compose or rearrange sentences in accordance with the task
Make sentences with the words "trusted friend" using them as...
-Aleksey, trusted friend, standalone application
supported me in difficult times
situations.
.-? Non-standalone application
- ? Nominal part of the predicate
- ? Subject
- ? Appeal
Conclusion (evaluation) - the ability to determine the value of materials and methods when goals, standards and criteria are set. This thinking skill is most successfully formed in the process of doing exercises like these.
· Based on the test, formulate your point of view and justify it.
-In modern syntactic science, there are two approaches to the study of phrases. Some scientists (Vinogradov and others) consider as a phrase only those words that are connected by a subordinating connection; others (Babaitseva and others) call
phrases are all compounds of fully significant words that are formed as part of a sentence and are isolated from it.
What is your point of view on this problem? Justify your opinion.
- Drum beat, clicks, rattle,
The thunder of cannons, the clatter, the neighing, the groan,
And death, and hell from all sides.
Determine for what purpose uses denominative sentences in his poem "Poltava"? How justified is this?
Based on an example from a mathematics textbook, evaluate how legitimate it is to use isolated members of a sentence in scientific speech.
- This theorem is proved by contradiction. This method consists in first making an assumption opposite to what is stated by the theorem. Then, by reasoning, based on axioms, and often on previously proven theorems, they come to a conclusion that contradicts either the condition of the theorem, or one of the axioms, or a previously known theorem.
Carry out a stylistic experiment by converting non-union sentences (with a dash) into allied ones, and draw a conclusion: which sentences have more dynamics, in which speech styles non-union complex sentences are appropriate.
- The elder made his way ahead, giving a command with a careful movement of his hand: he would raise his hand above his head - everyone immediately stopped and froze; stretch out his hand to the side with an inclination to the ground - all at the same second quickly and silently lay down; wave his hand forward - everyone moved forward; will show back - everyone slowly backed away.
Present previously studied material in the form of a table, diagram.
Present the topic "Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence" in the form of a table.
IV . 2. Methodology for the use of control and measuring materials
The created control and measuring materials, in my opinion, are quite universal in their application. They can be used as didactic material for developing, practicing, consolidating a certain mental skill, on the one hand, and achieving a certain level of learning on a specific topic of syntax, on the other hand.
1. Consolidation of the studied material.
BUT). Find a match (what parts of speech can be expressed in addition):
- noun Divide ten on the two.
- numeral Tomorrow will not be like for today.
- adverb The old man caught net fish.
- verb sailed to him fish.
- interjection Old Taras thought about the old.
- participle as a noun Cuckoo one of its own coo-coo repeats.
- attach. as a noun, I ran to my grandmother and
asked about the forgotten.
B). Emphasize the grammatical basis and additions, indicate how the additions found in this sentence differ.
A cloud covered the sun. The roots of the trees nourish the leaves. I brought you a guest. Levinson, left alone with Baklanov, ordered him to increase the portion of oats for the horses.
AT). Give an answer to the question:
- it denotes an object;
- answers questions of indirect cases;
- most often refers to the predicate;
There are two types: direct and indirect?
Russian language lesson in grade 9. Theme "Compound sentences".
1. Consolidation of the material studied in the lesson. Training exercises.
BUT). Find sentences that match the pattern , and . Punctuation marks are not included.
- I'll open the doors and let the garden out the window.
- In the distance it is dark and thickets are strict.
- How different are the lands of my tribes and the language and clothes are different.
- The rivers overflowed widely and still did not want to enter the banks.
- The Black River was chilly and streams of steam ran everywhere.
B). Rearrange simple sentences with homogeneous members so that compound sentences are obtained.
-The girl approached the child and smiled affectionately.
The sun rose and dried up the dew.
- The roses bloomed wonderfully and delighted the little mistress.
AT). Write down these complex sentences, place commas. Make a conclusion why one of them does not contain a comma.
- Only occasionally, with a sudden sonority, a lively fish will splash and the coastal reeds will rustle, barely swayed by the oncoming wave.
- A shining lady came out of the gate, got into a carriage and a frantic ride began.
G). After reading the theoretical material of the textbook (paragraph 4 ), make a table “Compound sentences”, based on groups of unions.
D). Determine which group of coordinating conjunctions we are talking about, if it is known that:
- simple sentences that are part of compound ones indicate that the phenomena alternate.
E). Set a match. Punctuation marks are not included.
- Seryozha still wanted to know a lot With connecting unions.
but he did not dare to ask.
- The sun rose in the mountains and gray With dividing unions.
fog settled over the night
the sea thinned and spread.
- Whether life becomes more melodious With connecting unions.
or nightingales in every house.
G). Write off the sentences, place commas, Answer the question: “What do these sentences have in common and how do they differ?”
-Only trains run after trains and horns call someone.
- The steppe blooms with forests and the fields bloom in the forests.
Thus, applying this material, I have the opportunity during the lesson on a specific subject material to purposefully form the ability to highlight the main features of a particular syntactic concept, compare, classify, rank objects on one or more grounds, etc., that is, develop thinking skills,
which, in turn, contribute to a much more successful consolidation of ZUNs on the topic.
The KIMs presented in the application can be used during the intermediate or final control of knowledge on the topic.
Russian language lesson in 8th grade. The topic of the lesson is "Supplement".
I. Checking homework (i.e. intermediate control).
1. What are the main distinguishing features of the minor member of the sentence definition.
Another version of the wording of the task is possible.
Give an answer to the question:
What is the secondary member of the sentence in question, if it is known that:
- designates a sign of an object;
- answers the questions “what?”, “whose?”, “which?”;
- most often depends on a noun or a pronoun;
- there are two types: agreed and inconsistent?
2. Write down the sentence, parse it, indicate how the definitions found in this sentence differ.
- Under the monotonous knock of the pendulum, an elderly woman walked around the room.
Since in this case one of the objectives of the lesson is to determine the level of assimilation of the previous material of each student in the class, such work is carried out in writing within 8-10 minutes.
It is no less expedient to use these CIMs as a final measurement of the level of ZUNs after passing a certain topic.
After passing the topic "Complex sentence" I carry out the following work:
1. Match.
- The blue-eyed baby looked enchanted,
how the lights go out. Simple.
- Basses sigh, complaining, and, as if in
oblivion, fighters sit and listen -
my comrades. Compound.
- It was dark, a fine warm rain was falling. Complicated.
- Crackling, fir cones burned together,
and from all the roads a fire was visible on the hillock. Unionless.
2. Determine which complex sentence is in question in each case, if it is known that it:
-- [ Page 2 ] --
i - [a] - vowel, percussion.
l - [l ’] - acc., sound, soft.
and - [and] - vowel, bezud.
5 letters, 5 sounds.
Drifting - communion.
Ice (how to and e?) Drifting.
N.f. - drifting.
Fast. recognition: valid, current, mismatched view
Non-post. confession: im. fall, pl.
Ice (how to and e?) Drifting.
Four is a number.
There are (how many?) four (researchers).
N.f. - four.
Fast. recognition: quantity, simple, whole.
Non-post. confession: i.p.
There are (who?) four researchers.
I. There was a truck in the wide street. People worked calmly, quickly, silently. And a young man and a girl stood aside and talked enthusiastically and selflessly. (narration) The girl in a pink sweater and yellow shoes on her bare feet was large, plump, fair-haired, with dark, mattly gleaming, like tonsils, eyes, slightly oblique. Because she squinted a little, she looked at the young man a little from the side. (Description) II. The young man was long, ungainly, round-shouldered, in a washed-out blue blouse with short sleeves for his long arms, belted with a narrow belt, gray, brown-striped, shortish trousers, and slippers on his bare feet. Long straight dark hair did not obey him when he spoke, fell on his forehead, on his ears, and every now and then he tossed them with a sharp movement of his head. His face belonged to that type of pale faces that almost never take on a tan. In addition, the young man was clearly shy.
But in the expression of his face there was so much natural humor and, at the same time, hidden inspiration, just about ready to flare up, that it worried the girl: she looked into his face without looking up. (Description) Spore - quickly, harmoniously, amicably.
Silently - quietly, silently, without speaking.
They talked, they talked, they talked.
Passionately - with interest, selflessly.
Long - short.
Dark - light.
Sharp - smooth.
There was a truck in the wide street. (Narrative, non-exclamation, simple, two-part, spread.) Shortish, shortish - short (suffixal method).
Hidden, hidden - to hide (suffix way).
Side - side (additional-suffixal method).
1) Exams (narrative) are going (in expressive tax, at the present time). 2) Who is talking (in indicative inkl., in present time) (questioning)? 3) You do not make noise (in imperative incl.) (prompt.)! 4) Would you come to us (in a conditional incl.) (induce). 5) Where will we go (in express. Inkl., on weekdays) (questioning)? 6) Swimmers were training (in ex. inc., in past time) in the pool (narration).
I. 1) Come (command. ink.) you to us. (induce.) 2) I would agree (conditional ink.) with your request. 3) Would you go (conditional inf.) to the doctor. (induce.) 4) Did you go (indicative inf.) to the doctor (questioning)? Restless but soared (explicit infl.) swallows.
II. 1) I love (explained) you, Peter's creation, I love (expressed) your strict, slender appearance.
2) Vladimir would have written (conditional tax) odes, but Olga didn’t read them (explained tax).
3) Noise, noise, (command. inc.) obedient sail, Worry (command. inc.) under me, Gloomy ocean. (prompt.) 4) Which writer is in fashion today? (questioning.) 5) The squirrel lives there (expressed. inkl.) manual, Yes, what an entertainer!
6) Who is there? (questioning.) Whose horse is rushing at full speed Across the formidable square (explaining obl.)? (questioning) Creation is a work, a work.
Sail - sail.
Today - now, now.
Rushing - running, jumping.
Come (wht about de l and y?) verb.
N.f. - come.
Fast. - inconsistent view, non-transitional, I ref.
Non-post. confession: command. incl., in units, 2 l.
You (what are you doing?) come.
1) The wind does not move. (2 main members) Silence. (1 main member) 2) Late night. (1 main member, there are secondary members) The sea is noisy outside the window. (2 main members, there are secondary members) 3) It was getting dark. (1 main member) The young moon hung like a thin horn over a distant grove. (2 main members, there are secondary members) 89 (79).
I. 1) I remember early, fine autumn. (Two-part., Distributed) 2) The cool silence of the morning is broken by the well-fed cackling of thrushes. (Two-part., Distributed) 3) In the thinned garden, the road to the hut is far visible. (Two-part., Distributed) 4) Everywhere it smells nice of apples. (Single composition, distribution) 5) Until evening, people crowd in the garden. (Two-state, spread) 6) It's getting dark. (One-liner, non-spread) 7) Cheerfully you go home. (Single-track, spread) 8) The echo will roll across the horizon far, far away. (Two-state, spread) II. 1) The wind has picked up. (Double-acting, non-spreading) In one minute, the flames engulfed the entire house. (Two-part., dist.) Red smoke hovered over the roof. (Two statuses, distribution) Glasses crackled... (Two statuses, non-distribution) Sparks flew like a fiery blizzard. (Two-line, dec.) (P.) 2) Once I was walking along the road from the city.
(Double-acting, dist.) It was getting dark. (Single composition, non-distributive) 3) The drying leaves smelled of autumn. (Single composition, distribution) 4) Late autumn. (Single composition, distribution) The rooks have flown away. (Two-state, non-spread) III. 1) Night. (Single-state, non-spreading) The machine moves off. (Two-state, not distributed) 2) A red flashlight shines in the dark for a long time. (Duostat., dist.) 3) Those gathered go home. (Double-acting, dec.) 4) Where are you going, citizen? (Two-line, dec.) 5) Martynov picked up the receiver, talked for a long time on the phone. (Two-state, spread) 6) At night, fresh white fluff covered the old crust. (Duostat., dist.) All - 1 syllable in - [in '] - acc., sound, soft.
e - [e] - vowel, ud.
s - [s ’] - acc., deaf, soft.
b - does not denote a sound 4 letters, 3 sounds.
1) Skiers are training. You train, skiers. (Appeal) 2) The guys came to the museum. Guys, you come to the museum. (Appeal) 3) The agronomist examined the rye field. A rye field is growing.
The appeal does not affect the prevalence of the sentence, it affects its complexity.
9. Intonation of sentence 92 (77).
I spent the night on a steppe field the other day. (Narration.) It grew almost entirely behind tall reeds. (Narrative) A narrow strip of clear water shone in the middle. (Narration.) The dawn slowly faded. (Narration.) The first stars were reflected in calm water. (Narrative) The night would soon pass. (Narrative)!
Before dawn, an alarming duck call woke me up. (According to the narrative) What were the ducks worried about? (Questions.) Who could disturb them?
(Ask.) Some kind of shadow flashed before my eyes, someone's wings almost touched my face. (Narrative) Owl. (Narrative)! That's who kills the birds at night. (Narrative)! Beware, nocturnal predator! (Narrative) I. Would pass (what about dela la la?) - verb.
N.f. - pass II. Fast. - modern view, transition, I ref.
Non-post. - in conditional tax, in a single number, in women.
III. The night (what would you do?) would pass.
I. Destroys (what does it do?) - vb.
N.f. - destroy.
Non-post. - in excerpt, in the present time, in the singular, in the 3rd person III. Who (what is doing?) destroys.
I. Beware (what about de l and y?) - verb.
N.f. - beware.
Non-post. - in the imperative, in the singular, in the 2nd person.
III. (What to do?) beware.
I. I quickly turned around. My eyes fell on a handsome young man in a cap and a wide jacket. (Narration) I liked Gagin immediately (immediately). There are such happy faces in the world: everyone loves (pleasantly) looking at them, as if they are warming you or stroking you. Gagin had just such a face, sweet, affectionate, with large soft (gentle, pleasant) eyes ... He spoke from such a way that, even without seeing his face, you felt by the mere sound of his voice that he was smiling.
(Description) II. The girl whom he [Gagin] called his sister seemed to me at first sight to be very pretty. There was something of her own, special, in the warehouse of her swarthy round face, with a small thin nose, almost childish cheeks and black, light (dark, brown) eyes. She was gracefully built and did not at all resemble her brother ....
(Description) I have not seen a creature more mobile (inactive). Not for a single moment did she sit still;
she got up, ran away to the ladies and ran again, often (occasionally, often) laughed out loud, and in a strange way: it seemed that she laughed not at what she heard, but at various thoughts that came into her head. Her large eyes looked straight, bright, bold (with apprehension). (Description) 94 (85).
Disinterested - greedy, virtues - shortcomings, active - passive, have fun - yearn, frank - secretive, modesty - arrogance, absent-mindedly - concentrated, quarrel - put up, approve - blame, diligent - lazy.
All these antonyms are united by the theme of human qualities.
A disinterested person, greedy for money, the identified shortcomings of work that adorn his virtues, listen absently, work with concentration.
My girlfriend and I have been studying together since the first grade. Why we became friends, I don't remember. Many years have passed. Maybe because our houses are next to each other, and we had to run together to school and back to mine, maybe because she immediately attracted me with her kind of calm confidence and restraint.
In studies, she was always not very strong - a solid four, and sometimes a three, were guests in her diary. But she never copied homework assignments, and she herself willingly helped, when she could, negligent classmates.
Somehow, all the girls from the class immediately became friends with her, each was proud that she was friends with her;
and the boys always listened to her opinion.
Even in elementary school, she was distinguished by a neat appearance:
starched white collars, clean hands, a bow on the head. She has no hearing, she cannot sing, but she always performs at school concerts - she reads poetry. Teachers treat her with respect: some kind of inner strength is felt in her.
She always knew how to lead the class. Once a young trainee was sent to replace our teacher. The girl became very nervous, looking at the noisy students. No one heard the question she asked. Then my friend raised her hand, went to the blackboard and in a calm voice began to answer her homework. The class fell silent: the lesson was saved.
I can tell her about everything, entrust all my joys and sorrows. I know that she will never give me. Together we attended circles;
she taught me to knit, and I taught her how to bake my signature pie. So we grew day by day, so the school years passed ... Ten years at the same desk!
At one of the literature lessons, she took out a small photograph of herself from her briefcase and wrote on it: “For eternal memory!”. And for some reason I think that our friendship with her will really be eternal.
x Testimony of contemporaries (management) (object and its sign), x x my peers (coordination) (object and its sign), social ideals (coordination) (object and its sign), courageously hold on (when oinking) (action and its sign), danger signal (control) x (object and its sign), regulate movement (adjacency) (action and x the object to which it passes), truly courageous (adjacency) (with x sign of the sign), present a certificate (adjacency) (action and subject to which it passes), an honorary diploma (coordination) (subject and its x attribute), to receive a scholarship (adjacency) (action and subject to which it passes).
SIMPLE SENTENCE 10. The order of words in a sentence. Logical stress 97 (88).
1) Who was instructed to invite engineer Kuzmin to the evening meeting with veterans of the plant? Engineer Kuzmin was instructed to invite Volodya and Irina. (At the end) 2) Who was instructed to invite Volodya and Irina to the evening meeting with veterans of the plant? Volodya and Irina were instructed to invite engineer Kuzmin. (At the end) 3) Where did they instruct Volodya and Irina to invite engineer Kuzmin? Volodya and Irina were instructed to invite engineer Kuzmin to an evening meeting with veterans of the plant. (At the end) 98 (89).
I. 1) It took me a long time to select the necessary quotations. (Reverse) - I have been looking for the right quotes for a long time (Direct). 2) He carefully reread the essay.
(Straight). - He re-read the essay carefully. (Reverse) 3) We worked well in the garden. (Direct) - We worked well in the garden. (Reverse) 4) The adults were planting trees. (Direct) - Trees were planted by adults.
(Reverse) II. Once a Russian general from the mountains drove up to Tiflis. (Reverse.) He was carrying a prisoner child. (Reverse) He fell ill. (Direct) Did not endure the Works of the long journey. (Direct) He seemed to be about six years old. (Reverse) Grandmother planted daisies and daisies in the country house. (Direct) - Grandmother planted daisies and daisies in the country. (Reverse) 99 (90).
1) We enrolled in a swimming school in September. - We enrolled in swimming school in September 2) You will participate in cross-country skiing in January. - In January you will participate in cross-country skiing. 3) Skating competitions will take place in Tula during the holidays. - Skating competitions will be held in Tula during the holidays.
We will work on the garden plot well. Always listen to the teacher's explanations carefully. You must complete the task correctly.
I. In the corner stood a cupboard with dishes;
on the wall hung an officer's diploma behind glass and in a frame;
popular prints flaunted around it... (Description) II. At the door I ran into a tall man, very fat and overweight. His face, pockmarked and plump, expressed laziness and nothing more;
the tiny eyes were so glued together, and the lips were glossy, as if after sleep. (Description) III. At that moment, the rebels ran up to us and broke into the fortress.
The drum is silent;
the garrison threw down their guns, they knocked me down, but I got up and entered the fortress together with the rebels. (Narrative) 102 (93).
1) The convoy was delayed at the pass. At the pass, the convoy held on. The motorcade stopped at the pass. 2) In the morning the geologists went to the mountains. Geologists went to the mountains in the morning. In the morning, geologists went to the mountains.
3) The helicopter delivered medicines. The helicopter delivered medicines. The medication was delivered by a helicopter.
The intonation of a sentence is more tense when the logical stress falls on a word in the middle or at the end of the sentence.
I. The Caucasus is under me. Alone in the heights I stand above the snows at the edge of the rapids;
The eagle, having risen from a distant peak, Soars motionless, on a par with me.
II. The day is fading. Behind the slope The sunset spreads.
The sonorous month will come out soon To walk on the roofs of huts.
Soon the stars with a quiet light Will fall to the bottom of the river.
I say goodbye to the warm summer Without sadness and longing.
1) A living word is more valuable than a dead letter. 2) Bad friends for half an hour.
3) The proverb is not said in vain. 4) An old friend is better than two new ones.
5) One bee will bring some honey. 6) Without salt, without bread - a bad conversation. 7) To have a friend - do not feel sorry for yourself. 8) Friendly magpies and a goose are being dragged.
9) It is better not to finish than to talk. 10) Good speeches are pleasant to listen to.
Friendship theme - 2, 4, 5, 7, 8.
1) The Dnieper is wonderful in calm weather ... 2) Oh, what a strange night it was!
3) Everything has changed all around, changed before our eyes and imperceptibly. It's like the witchcraft has happened. 4) I work as a winch, I pull the forest ashore.
5) And now you can’t recognize the clumsy branches. Revived, green branches.
The setting of logical stress is accompanied by a change in the order of words in those cases when it is necessary to emphasize the unusualness, emotionality of what is happening or to convey the features of colloquial speech.
Again fields, fields. There is no end to this mighty expanse. Endlessness according to about.
lei in the steppe chernozem zone affects not only humans, for the first time see complex.
dividing the field. This expanse surprises even the one who meets in the field and proves difficult.
reaps every spring. Surprising, because people rarely meet without cars.
The power of the machine in our time is amazing! People drive machines, complex.
and they themselves obey the rhythm of technology. Is it only on the slopes, above the yar on the complex.
vegetable gardens you will see separate groups of people doing manual work, and so - everywhere there is a car, a car.
The power of the machine in our time is amazing! (Narrative, exclamation, simple, two-part, distributive, non-definitive, full.) Po-la - 2 syllables.
n [n] - acc., deaf, hard, steam.
o [a] - vowel, bezud.
l [l ’] - acc., ringing, soft, unpaired.
i [a] - vowel, shock.
4 letters, 4 sounds.
Boundlessness, boundlessness - boundless (suffixal) I. Surprises (what about dela and e t?) - verb.
N.f. - surprise.
II. Fast. - mismatched view, transition, I ref.
Non-post. - in expressive ink, at the present time, in the singular, in the 3rd person.
III. The space (what is it doing?) Surprises.
I. See (what about with dela and e t e?) - verb.
N.f. - see.
II. Fast. - modern view, transition, II ref.
Non-fasting - in expressive ink., in weekdays, in the plural, in the 2nd person.
III. (You) (what are you doing?) will see.
I. Time (what?) is a noun.
N.f. - time.
II. Fast. - inanimate, nat., wed., on -mya.
Non-post. - in v.p.
III. Striking (when?) in (our) time.
Biography - a description of someone's life and work;
bibliography - a listing and description of books and other printed publications, a list of literature on any issue. The words biography and bibliography include parts of Greek words: bio- (bios - “life”), biblio (biblio - “book”), -graph (grapho - “I write”).
District library, study biology, deuce in geography.
Biography (-), library 107 (98).
I. Original document, our candidate, speech at a rally, meet the delegation, people's deputies, director's order, duties of citizens, matriculation certificate, work in the specialty.
The institute accepted only original documents.
Today a group of students will go to the airport to meet the delegation. Obtaining a matriculation certificate is very important for every person.
х Authentic (adj.) document (n.) - an object and its sign (agreement). Our (pronoun) candidate (noun) is an object and its sign (agreement). Speech (n.) at a rally (n. with a preposition) is an object and its x sign (management). To meet (verb) delegation (n.) - an action and x the object to which it passes (adjacency). Folk (adj.) de x confused (n.) - an object and its sign (agreement). The order x (n.) of the director (n.) - the subject and its attribute (management). It is obligatory x sti (n.) of citizens (n.) - an object and its sign (management). Certificate x (n.) of maturity (n.) - the subject and its attribute (management). To work (verb) in the specialty (noun with a preposition) - an action and an object to which it passes (adjacency).
II. Ancient Russian literature, grandiose pyramid, Kremlin cathedrals, fine arts, majestic building, building engineering.
In 1953, the great city on the Neva solemnly celebrated its 250th anniversary.
On the eve of the holiday, the opening of the monument to A.S. Pushkin.
The author of this wonderful work is the famous Russian sculptor M.K. Anikushin. The artist showed Pushkin enthusiastically, reverently and passionately reading his poems. We see a lively, sharp look, a high forehead, a clearly defined line of lips. The slenderness of the lines of the figure, the slightly raised head, especially the gesture of the right hand, the turn of the hand, the fingers - all emphasize the inspiration of the poet.
The sculpture is set on a red granite pedestal. The monument stands in the green, around it are majestic buildings of the Pushkin era: the Russian Museum, the Museum of Ethnography, the Maly Opera House, the Philharmonic.
This text belongs to the journalistic style.
The great Russian artist V.D. Polenov Polenovo is a marvelous corner of Central Russia. Wide river floods and golden sandy beaches, a palette of autumn colors and the austere beauty of forests.
Polenovo is noticeable from afar, when a dazzlingly white mansion suddenly appears through the close system of tall pines. Walk a few dozen meters along the alley, and here is the main attraction of these places - the Polenovsky Museum-Estate. Many years ago, the famous Russian painter Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov dreamed of a time when our people would know their artists. And now hundreds, thousands of people of different ages and different professions, young and old, go and go to the museum created by Polenov to touch the spring purity of art.
The work of V.D. Polenov is multifaceted and beautiful, but his landscapes are especially touching. From spring to late autumn, he wandered around with an easel and drew from nature Oka, Poochye, and the surrounding forests.
The paintings “Golden Autumn”, “Spill on the Oka”, “Autumn in Abramtsevo”, “Early Snow” are world famous. How much Russian beauty is in them, how much poetry and profound truth!
This text refers to the scientific and journalistic style.
1. Polenovo - a marvelous corner of Central Russia.
2. Polenov Museum.
3. The versatility of Polenov's work.
4. World-famous Polenov's works.
(On) alley 110 (n).
The concept of "Rus" is associated with vast expanses, hills, calm rivers, deciduous forests and copses. But most importantly, Russia is a stronghold of Orthodoxy, so the golden crosses of the church always shine in the sun on an elevated place. All this is in the picture of B.V. Shcherbakov "Russia near Moscow".
St. Basil's Cathedral.
1) Why St. Basil's Cathedral was built 2) Appearance of the temple 3) Description of the central church 4) Legend about the fate of the builders of St. Basil's Cathedral Style - journalistic, type - description.
Style - artistic, type - narrative with elements of description.
Architect - builder, architect.
Architectural terms: Patterns, pillars, the dome was burned with gold, the roof was covered with azure, frames, mica, transitions.
One of the most notable monuments of our city is a sculpture of a Soviet soldier, a real person - the hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Latkin. During the Great Patriotic War, he accomplished a feat: until his death, he fired from a gun at enemy tanks. Author, A.P. Savelyev captured him in the heat of battle with a shell in his hands. The monument was erected on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet people over the fascist invaders.
Over time, the square in front of the monument became a venue for demonstrations, rallies and meetings. It has become one of the symbols of the city. We are proud of our fellow countryman.
DOUBLE SENTENCES MAIN MEMBERS OF THE PROPOSITION 11. Subject 115 (99).
Swans (n.) flew in herds from the cold side to the warm lands. They (pronoun.) flew across the seas ... One young swan (noun with num.) flew behind everyone. His powers (beings) weakened.
The subject is the main member of the sentence, which indicates what the information contained in the predicate refers to, and answers the questions who? what?
1) The train (noun) raced into an obscure distance, and I (pronoun) remembered a winter night in the mountains. (Paust.) 2) Everyone (pronoun) quieted down. Several people (pron. + n.) looked around. Others (pronoun) shuddered. Others (pronoun) stepped aside. 3) Two regimental banners fluttered (number lit. + n.), raised high. 4) My friend and I (pronoun + noun with a preposition) left before sunset. 5) The dancers (communion) crowded and pushed each other. 6) “Ay” (interjection) was heard in the distance. (N.) 7) Two (num.) have already overtaken me. And suddenly a third one (num.) came up. Where the sun was setting (n.), there was a faint blush (n.) of dawn. 8) It was already noon (n.) when we (pronoun.) returned to Stepanchikovo. 9) The rest house (n. + n.) stood on a hillock overgrown with dense aspen and old fir trees. 10) Most of the guys I know (noun + noun) have already gone to their dachas. 11) The Baltic Sea (adj. + n.) juts deep into the mainland of Europe.
1) The train (n.) raced into an obscure distance, and I (pronoun.) remembered a winter night in the mountains. [ -=...], and [-=...].
2) Everyone (pronoun) became quiet. Several people (pron. + noun) looked around. Others (pronoun) shuddered. Others (pronoun) stepped aside. [-=].[-=].[-=].[-=...].
8) It was already noon (n.) when we (pronoun.) returned to Stepanchikovo.
[=-], (when -=...).
10) Most of the guys I know (exist. + exist.) have already gone to their dachas. [-=...].
The Great Patriotic War will never be forgotten by the Russian people. The Russian Federation is one of the largest states in the world. The railway stretched across the endless steppe to the very mountains. Half of the house was occupied by our neighbors. There were several cars in the parking lot.
Part of the audience was in the buffet and did not see the beginning of the performance. My friend and I do our homework together. One of the gymnasts fell off the bars and injured his arm. The pansies given by the young man stood in a beautiful vase. About a hundred people gathered for a rally near the court building.
A flock of sparrows perched on a tree.
I. 1) Those who were late did not see the first act of the play. - Those who were late did not see the first act of the play. 2) Those who attended the rehearsal warmly congratulated the director. - Those present at the rehearsal warmly congratulated the director. 3) Those who were in the theater applauded the artists. - Those who were in the theater applauded the artists.
II. 1) Those who were on duty carefully checked the entrance tickets. - The attendants carefully checked the entrance tickets. 2) The one who rides will quickly deliver the letter to the addressee. - The rider will quickly deliver the letter to the addressee.
1) An old man lived with his old woman near the blue sea. 2) The commandant and her daughter left. 3) Grandmother and granddaughter came to them in the evening. 4) Nikolai and Denisov walked through the halls. 5) An old peasant with a farm laborer walked in the evening through the woods. 6) A few moments later, Lezhnev and Basistov appeared on the balcony.
The subject is expressed by a syntactically indivisible phrase in the case when the predicate is in the plural (see sentences 2, 3, 4) 12. Predicate. Simple verbal predicate 120 (104).
Our driver is an elderly tanned man (who?) (n.). He slowly drives (what is he doing?) (verb) a bus along a mountain road. In the southwest rise (what are they doing?) (verb) the white peaks of Elbrus. By origin, Elbrus is an extinct volcano (what?) (n.). The contours of the snow giant are regular and beautiful (what are they?) (brief adj.).
1) The warm summer night is over. [=...-]. The morning dawn is engaged (expressed) over the forest.[=...-]. Soon, the warm sun will rise (wrinkle), dry (display) the dew. [=,=...-]. All nature will rejoice (speak out.) [=...-]. 2) We firmly tied (express. nakl.) our tents. [-...=...]. Otherwise, they would have been torn off by (conditional inclination) wind. [...=-].
I. 1) Spread over the fields in the morning (expressive ink form) (past.
time) thick steam. 2) We saw (indicative form) (past tense) frost on the roofs. 3) Melted (indicative form) (past tense) wet snow.
II. 1) Understand (imperative form) in this task. 2) Consider (the form of imperative ink) carefully the drawing. 3) Get ready (form of command) for independent work. 4) Rewrite (form command.
infl.) this exercise and tell (form imperative infl.) about the rules of spelling.
III. 1) Without training, I would not have completed (conditional tax form) swimming standards. 2) Would you go (conditional tax form) after school to the library. 3) Would you read this book (conditional invoice form).
Verbs in the conditional mood change by number and in the singular by gender.
Verbs in the imperative mood are usually used in the form of the 2nd person, do not change at times. Forms of the imperative mood are formed from the basis of the present or future simple tense with the help of the suffix -i- or the zero suffix.
1) Olga puts (verb, present tense) breakfast on the table. 2) I will wait (verb gol, bud. time) for you by the river. 3) When will you be back (verb, weekday)?
4) There was a (verb, past tense) noise of a car outside the gate. 5) The gate in front of the house burst open with a bang (verb, past tense). 6) You would run (verb, conditional inclination) to the well for water. 7) You are not angry with her (verb, imperative inclination.). 8) Why don't you write to me (verb, present tense)? At least you took pity on us (verb, conditional in the meaning of led.). 9) I will feed the horses (verb, weekday). 10) They drove up with difficulty (verb gol, past tense) to the porch of the gatehouse, from which a path (verb, past tense) led to the forest.
If the predicate-verb is in the form of the imperative mood, then it agrees with the subject in number, and if in the form of a conditional, in gender and number.
I. Swing open (what about d e l a l a?) - verb.
N.f. - swing open II. Fast. - modern view, transition, I ref.
Non-post. - in ex. inc., in the past, in the singular, in the feminine.
III. The gate (what did you do?) swung open.
I. (Don't) get angry (what are you doing?) - verb.
N.f. - angry.
II. Fast. - inconsistent view, transition, II ref.
Non-post. - in imperative ink., in the plural.
III. Are you (what are you doing?) (not) angry.
1. I hurriedly put on (verb in inf. inkl., past temp., singular, m.r.) a rucksack and hurried (verb in inf. inkl., past temp., singular, m.r.) from spruce forests to the edge. 2. The wind will scatter (verb in inf. inkl., bud. vr., singular, 3 l.) clouds with rain. 3. You talk less (verb in imperative, in present tense, plural) about trifles. 4. Behind me, someone giggled (verb in inf. infl., past tense, singular, m.r.). I turned around (verb in inf. infl., past tense, singular, m.r.). Behind the low fence stood (verb in inf. inkl., past temp., singular, m.r.) a cock-legged boy in a picturesquely patched shirt ... - Why are you peeping here (verb in inf. inkl. ., present temp., sing., 2 l.) - asked (verb in inf. inkl., past temp., singular, m.r.) I. 5. Why do we live so hard and hard (verb in inf. inkl., present temp., pl., 1l.) on our land? 6. Morning would come soon (verb in conditional infl., singular, cf.)! 7. I stopped (verb in inf. inkl., past tense, singular, m.r.), attached (verb in inf. inkl., past tense, singular, m .r.) palm to the snags of the trunk and heard (verb in inf. inf., past temp., sing., m.r.) sadness piercing through with a bitter stream ... 124 (108).
1) Around me stretched (verb) sad deserts, crossed by hills and ravines. 2) Waking up quite late in the morning, I saw (verb) that the storm had subsided (verb).
[ |deep.turnover|,-= ],(what-=).
3) The river has not yet frozen (verb), and its leaden waves blackened sadly (verb) in the monotonous banks covered with white snow.
4) Unexpected incidents, which had an important impact on my whole life, suddenly gave (verb) my soul a strong and good shock. 5) I ran (verb) up the small stairs that led (verb) into the room, and for the first time in my life I entered (verb) into Marya Ivanovna's room. 6) Finally, we left (verb) from the fortress gates and forever (verb) left the Belogorsk fortress.
I. Crossed - communion.
Deserts (to a k and e?) Crossed.
N.f. - crossed.
Non-post. - in the nominative case, in the plural.
III. Deserts (to a k and e?) Crossed.
I. Covered - communion.
In the shores (k a k and x?) Covered.
N.f. - covered.
II. Fast. - suffer., past tense, modern appearance.
Non-post. - in the prepositional case, in the plural.
III In the shores (k a k and x?) Covered.
1) The forest stores (present time) soil moisture, softens (present time) the climate, stops (present time) dry and hot winds. (Designation of permanent action) (Paust.) 2) The will and labor "of a person, wondrous divas create. (Present time) (Designation of constant action). (N.) 3) Katya suddenly remembered the sandy path. Walking along the path (present . time) she herself is Katya. The sand crunches (present time) under the shoes. The breeze ruffles the hair (present time) (Giving liveliness to the story of the past) Labor - 1 syllable.
t [t] - acc., deaf., tv.
r [r] - acc., ringing, tv.
y [y] - vowel, shock.
d [t] - acc., deaf., tv.
4 letters, 4 sounds 126 (110).
I. Don't make empty promises. - You don't have to make promises.
The commander gave the order to advance. - The commander ordered to advance.
The girl preferred a young and handsome young man in a blue suit. - The girl preferred a young and handsome young man in a blue suit.
The director made a proposal to change the work schedule. - The director suggested changing the work schedule.
Our army has defeated the enemy. Our army has defeated the enemy.
Exhausted, he began to nod off. He began to fall asleep from exhaustion.
II. The boys always turned up their noses in front of their classmates. - The boys always looked contemptuously at their classmates.
From failure, he completely hung his nose. - From failure, he was completely sad.
2) Each friend here is a quiet sense of a friend. 4) We both bent down, and at the same time grab the snake! 6) My father is something he loves. And the queen laugh.
I. The sun lay (non-realistic view, past tense) on a neglected flower bed and on a grassy lawn. A brown butterfly was sitting (inconsistent view, past tense) on a flower and either unfolded (inconsistent appearance, past tense), then shifted (inconsistent appearance, past tense) its wings. Earthen bees, shaggy, dark, with white wide fluffy stripes around the abdomen, scurried (not a modern look, past time) from flower to flower, sweetly buzzed (unsightly look, past time). - description. (The actions take place simultaneously.) II. Lizaveta Ivanovna got up (now view, past tense), took out (now view, past tense) a key from the chest of drawers, handed it to Herman (now view, past tense) and gave it (now view, past tense) ) to him a detailed instruction. Hermann shook (Sov. view, past tense) her cold, unresponsive hand, kissed (Sov. view, past tense) her bowed head and went out (Sov. view, past tense).
time). - narration. (The actions follow each other.) III. But a person gets used to everything (non-Russian view, present time). And Gerasim got used (Sov. view, past tense), finally, to city life. - (Reasoning.) COMPOSITE PREDICIALS 13. Compound verbal predicate 129 (113).
I. 1) Tulips bloomed in May. - In May they started (pronounced incl., past.
time) (indicates the beginning of the action) to bloom tulips. 2) The tulips have recently bloomed. - Recently finished (indicative infl., past tense) (indicates the end of the action) bloom tulips. 3) It's already June, and the tulips are in bloom. - It's already June, and the tulips continue to (indicative inc., present time) (indicates the duration of action) to bloom.
II. I would play a game of chess with you now. - I want (express.
inc., present time) (indicates the desirability of the action) to play a game of chess with you.
III. Olya will never find her notebook. - Olya can’t (express.
inc., present time) (indicates the possibility of action) to find your notebook.
I. 1) They will start preparing for the conference (compound verb predicate). - They will prepare (a simple verbal predicate - a compound form of the future tense) for the conference.
2) He continues to study (compound verb predicate). - He will be engaged (a simple verbal predicate is a compound form of the future tense).
3) We will stop writing (compound verb predicate). - We will not write (a simple verbal predicate is a compound form of the future tense).
II. I will think (a simple verbal predicate - a compound form of the future tense) only about you, about you. I can only think of you (compound verbal predicate). I don't want to think about you (compound verb predicate).
1) Young Dubrovsky wanted to do (1) business. 2) Vladimir began to worry a lot (1). 3) The girl stopped crying (1). 4) That night, (1) Dimka could not sleep for a long time. 5) Zhenya did not have time to send (1) those letters to his father from the station. 6) She knew how to drive (1) cars, tractors. 7) I was ready to love (2) the whole world. 8) Kirill decided to visit (1) his mother. 9) You must work hard (2). 10) If suddenly it will rain and sleet in the yard, we, preparing lessons, do not want to cry (1).
Designations: 1 - with auxiliary verbs, 2 - with combinations of the linking verb to be with short adjectives.
I was glad to see them.
I will be glad to see them. I'm glad to see them.
I would be glad to see them.
You were glad to see them.
You will be glad to see them. You are glad to see them.
You would be glad to see them.
We were glad to see them.
We will be glad to see them. We are glad to see them.
We would be glad to see them.
The brother was glad to see them.
Brother will be glad to see them. The brother is glad to see them.
Brother would be glad to see them.
My sister was glad to see them.
The sister will be glad to see them. The sister is happy to see them.
My sister would be glad to see them.
The brothers were glad to see them.
The brothers will be glad to see them. The brothers are happy to see them.
The brothers would be glad to see them.
In these cases, both the linking verb to be and the short form of the adjective (in number and gender) agree with the subject.
The predicates agree with the subjects in the future and present in person and number, and in the past in gender and number.
If the predicate-verb is in the form of the imperative mood, then it agrees with the subject in number, and if in the form of a conditional - by gender and number.
1) A person must work (short adjective + nf verb) (compound verbal predicate). 2) We are glad to travel all over the (compound verbal predicate) (short adjective + nf verb) world. 3) Not everyone is able to live alone (compound verbal predicate) (short adjective + nf verb) not everyone. 4) The tiger was approaching (verb) (simple verb predicate). He had to pass (compound verbal predicate) (short adjective + be + nf verb) close to us. 5) The Cossacks began to unpack (compound verbal predicate) (vb + nf verb) horses.
The predicates agree with the subject in gender and number.
1) My sister intends to come to us during her vacation. 2) Vacationers are obliged to strictly follow all orders of the administration. 3) Skaters are ready to participate in the drawing of the regional championship (the meaning of the proposal has changed).
1) I had to admit my mistakes. I couldn't help but admit my mistakes. 2) He could not have been unaware of your return. 3) He could not but agree with us.
The affirmation is expressed more strongly in double negative sentences.
I had to go home. - I could not go home.
Our class was supposed to go on a field trip. - Our class could not help but go on an excursion.
I. 1) The workers of our factory may spend their holidays by the sea. 2) The master wants to improve his skills. 3) The team captain may not allow a player to compete.
II. 2) And they began to laugh! 3) We started dancing, laughing!
III. 2) Ivan Kuzmich was very fond of joking. 3) Semyon Petrovich was very fond of talking.
1) At this time, the priest hired (a simple verbal predicate) for me a Frenchman, Monsieur Beaupre, who was discharged (a simple verbal predicate) from Moscow. [...-=...], (which...). 2) We lived (simple verbal predicate) soul to soul.[-=...]. 3) Although under the contract he was obliged to teach me (compound verbal predicate) in French, German and all sciences, he preferred to quickly learn from me how to chat (compound verbal predicate) in Russian. 4) I decided to make a (compound verbal predicate) out of it [a geographical map] a snake and, using Beaupré's dream, I set to work (a simple verbal predicate). 5) Finally, the priest announced (simple verbal predicate) that he intended to write (compound verbal predicate) with me to my future boss, and demanded (simple verbal predicate) pen and paper.
The contract is an agreement.
A person must remember from childhood, from school, on what land he was born. He must remember that he has duties to this great, most beautiful land in the world, which is called the Motherland. If she is in mortal danger, he must stand up for her and stand, if necessary, to the death. He must remember and honor the deeds of his ancestors, who did not spare their lives, defending their native country, native language, native home.
The hyphen is written:
1) in adverbs with a prefix in-, ending in -th, -him, -and.
2) in adverbs with a prefix in (in-), ending in -s, (-s).
2) in adverbs formed by the repetition of words or from words with the same root.
You have to remember: exactly the same.
The main idea of the text is love for the Motherland.
The style of the text is journalistic.
14. Compound nominal predicate 139 (123).
1) The trees turned yellow (simple verb predicate). - The trees began to turn yellow (compound verb predicate). 2) Green (simple verbal predicate) winter. - Ozim was green (the grammatical meaning is expressed by a linking verb, and the main lexical meaning is an adjective). 3) At the end of the course, the sister will lead the (compound verbal predicate) choir group. - At the end of the course, the sister will be the leader (the grammatical meaning is expressed by a linking verb, and the main lexical meaning is a noun) of a choral circle.
1) The blizzard was terrible (compound nominal predicate). 2) There was a (simple verbal predicate) blizzard in the yard, the wind howled (simple verbal predicate). 3) The rider was wearing a (simple verbal predicate) gray jacket with a fur collar. 4) The costume is completely new (compound nominal predicate - zero link). 5) It was her new costume (compound nominal predicate). 6) On the eve of the holiday there will be a (simple verbal predicate) carnival. 7) The illumination will be beautiful. (compound nominal predicate) 141 (125).
1) The wind seemed warm. - The wind was warm. 2) They were considered friends. - They were friends. 3) He was called my friend. - He was my friend. 4) Everything turned white from the snow. Everything was white from the snow.
In the second case (with the linking verb to be) - a statement of fact (as it was in reality), and in the first cases - a greater or lesser degree of certainty.
I. 1) A train smoke appeared in the distance (a simple verbal predicate).
2) The boat seemed unreliable to me (compound nominal predicate). 3) He came (simple verb predicate) without warning. 4) His arrival was a surprise for me (compound nominal predicate). 5) The key to the door was (a simple verbal predicate) in the pocket of the overalls. Cheese is made from milk. 6) The new aircraft model turned out to be much better (compound nominal predicate) than the old one. From long storage, the cheese becomes brittle, dry (compound nominal predicate).
Surprise - a surprise, a gift.
II. Simple verb predicate:
Whatever I become, I will love my profession. A vision came to his eyes. It was cold outside. The work was done very quickly.
Compound nominal predicate:
The snow has become whiter and cleaner. His arrival came as a complete surprise to me. The new sound was already louder. He was getting angrier and angrier from chagrin.
1) My sister came home from school sad (v. + adj.). 2) She was sitting at the table pale (verb + adj.). 3) The guys ran to the scene first (verb + num.). 4) After graduating from the institute, Fedor had to return to the village as an agronomist (cr. adj. + was + vb. + creatures.). 5) Olga Nikolaevna, since childhood, aspired to become a doctor (verb + become + noun). 6) With more effort, Gennady could have done better (could have + + adj. + vb) final exams. With more effort, Gennady could have become a winner (could + vb + noun).
II. At the competition, our athletes came second. My father came home from work upset. My brother dreams of being an aircraft designer. If not for the war, I could have become a mechanic.
1) Good work - the beginning of everything (ess.) (zero link). 2) The earth is great and beautiful (short adj.) (zero link). 3) Natalya Alekseevna was (verb-link) a young doctor (n.). 4) The eastern part of the sky was (connective verb) darker than (adj.) the western. 5) Air becomes (verb link) sweeter (adj.). 6) Mark was (connective verb) about twenty-seven years old (noun + num.). 7) When I met Fedya, I was (connective verb) on my guard (short adverb). 8) The conversation hour by hour became (verb-link) noisier (with lag.). 9) I was (linking verb) deeply offended (short participle) by the words of a guards officer.
1) Beaupré was a hairdresser in his own country, then a soldier in Prussia. 2) The old man was once the head of a large railway station. 3) My father was a doctor, moreover, he was very interested in sanitation. 4) Mom was a homebody and did not like to leave her house.
1) The streets are deserted. 2) The lights are not lit. 3) The stories were very uninteresting (short adj.) (compound nominal predicate). 4) The work is not finished. 5) A commission has been formed to organize the New Year's Eve.
6) In the theater, the children were unrestrained (brief adj.) (compound nominal predicate), laughed out loud, talked to each other. 7) She was not smart (briefly)
adj.) (compound nominal predicate), but very cunning (short adj.).
Not with short participles it is always written separately, and with short adjectives it is not written in the same way as with full adjectives together, if the word is not used without and if the word cannot be replaced with a similar value. A particle not with adjectives is written separately if the sentence contains or implied opposition.
In short participles, one letter n is always written, and in short adjectives, nn is written if they are formed from full ones that have two n.
I. 1) The book was illustrated by a famous Russian artist. - The book is illustrated by a famous Russian artist. 2) The rising wind dispelled the clouds. - The clouds are scattered by the rising wind. 3) New houses were built by a housing cooperative. - The new houses are built by the housing cooperative. The composer performed a new composition. - The new composition was performed by the composer.
In short participles, one letter n is always written in the suffix.
II. 1) Several buildings were destroyed by the hurricane. - The hurricane destroyed several buildings. 2) The trees were knocked down by the storm. - The storm knocked down the trees. 3) Snow clouds were brought by a cyclone. - The cyclone brought snow clouds. 4) The road was covered with snow. - Snow covered the road.
1) The new dress suited her very well. - She really suited (typically for colloquial speech) a new dress. She was pretty in her new dress. 2) I did not come on time, and my friend was offended by me. - I did not come on time, and my friend was offended by me. - I did not come on time, and the comrade was offended (typically for colloquial speech) at me. 3) I don't like this story at all. - I don’t like this story at all (typically for colloquial speech). - This story is not good.
The strip of coniferous forests is (connective verb) one of the largest natural belts (numbers + nouns with preposition) (compound nominal predicate) of our country.
From Karelia to the Urals, the taiga spreads (indicative inclination.) (simple verbal predicate) along the plain, and behind the Yenisei to the Pacific Ocean it goes (indicative inclination.) (simple verbal predicate) along the hill. In the western part of the taiga, the climate is warmer (adj.) (zero link) (compound nominal predicate). To the Urals grow (indicative inclination.) (simple verbal predicate) pine with spruce. In Western Siberia, a (compound nominal predicate) (zero link) (short participle) spruce interspersed with fir and Siberian cedar is common. Beyond the Yenisei, winters are not snowy (compound nominal predicate) (zero link) (abbreviated adj.), and the frosts are very strong (compound nominal predicate) (zero link) (brit. adj.). The earth melts away (indicative inclination) (simple verb predicate) only outside.
The main tree (n.) in Eastern Siberia is (connective verb) (compound nominal predicate) larch. Larch forests stand (verb gol-bundle) naked in winter, transparent (adj.) (compound nominal predicate). They seem to be (linking verb) a black net (n.) (compound nominal predicate) on a white background of snow.
The style of the text is artistic with elements of scientific style.
In the (preposition) western (adj.) part (n.) of the taiga (n.) the climate (n.) is warmer (adj.). (Narrative, non-exclamation, simple, two-part, spread) [...-=].
Before (preposition) Urals (n.) grow (verb) pine (n.) with (preposition) spruce (n.). (Narrative, non-exclamation, simple, two-part, distribution)[...=-].
All this tormented me. The old man sat sullenly on the beam. (simple verb). I could not help but admit to myself ... I certainly wanted to make peace with him ... (compound verb). My travel thoughts were not very pleasant. My loss, at the then prices, was not a small one (compound nominal) 150 (135).
I. He was (connective verb) a gentleman of about thirty (noun + num.), of considerable height (adj. + noun), broad-shouldered (adj.), with a huge curly head (adj. + noun) (compound nominal predicate). His face was (link-verb) fleshy and ruddy (compound nominal predicate) (adj.), wide nose (adj.) and flattened (participle) (compound nominal predicate) (zero copula), eyes small (adj. ), for swimming (adj.) and mocking (adj.), as if constantly winking (union + participle). (compound nominal predicate) (zero link) Portrait.
II. The weather was (connective verb) beautiful (adj.) (compound nominal predicate): white, round clouds rushed high and quietly (expressed in a clone) (simple verb predicate) above us, clearly reflected in the water;
reed whispered (indicative inclination) (simple verbal predicate) all around;
the pond in places, like steel, sparkled (indicative inclination) (simple verbal predicate) in the sun. Landscape.
III. He was a (linking verb) strange (adj.) (compound nominal predicate) person. Semi-educated, very intelligent, he resolutely despised (express. inclination.) (simple verbal predicate) everyone and everyone, had (verb-link) no rules (essences.) (compound nominal predicate mine), laughed (expressed. inclination. ) (a simple verbal predicate) over everyone and in old age ... became (verb-bundle) angry, irritable and ruthless (short adj.) (compound nominal predicate). Characteristic.
We met Sasha six months ago when he came to our class from another school. We immediately became friends, and now it seems to me that we have known each other all our lives.
In the autumn, when I saw him for the first time, he had a tanned face, against which light blue eyes stood out. His nose is upturned, it seems that he always wants to brag about something;
the corners of your lips are raised - he always smiles.
It's spring now, and freckles have started to appear on Sasha's nose and cheeks.
When I make fun of him: "Red, red, freckled ...", he wrinkles his nose in a funny way, as if trying to look at his freckles.
1) Predicate simple verb - I'm waiting. He ran. Sun is up.
2) Compound verbal predicate - I dream of flying to the moon. It began to get dark outside.
3) Compound nominal predicate - I will be glad to see you. I want to be a teacher. I am a company representative.
Simple and compound verbal predicates are united by the fact that this is the main member of the sentence, which usually agrees with the subject and has the meaning expressed in the questions: what does the subject do? what is going on with you? H a k o v o n? What is it? Who is he? etc. And what distinguishes them is that in a compound verbal predicate, the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words, and in a simple verbal predicate - in one word.
15. Dash between subject and predicate 153 (138). I. 1) Solotcha - a winding shallow river. 2) Wonderful work of the forest! 3) The forest is our most faithful assistant in the struggle for the harvest.
4) The sweet smell of water lilies is mixed with the smell of resin. 5) Twenty years is an absolutely insignificant period in the life of nations.
II. 1) My occupation is ethnography, the study of the life of Russian people.
(Przh.) 2) Life is beautiful and amazing. (Lighthouse.) 3) The speech culture of a person is a mirror of his spiritual life. (Su-homl.) 4) To understand means to forgive. 5) The main motive of my life is to do something useful for people.
III. 1) Olga is Victor's older sister. She is a textile factory worker. 2) An evil tongue is like an arrow. 3) Reading is the best teaching. (P.) 4) The word is not an arrow, but sharper than an arrow. 5) Blind hatred is a bad adviser. 6) Your speeches are like a sharp knife. 7) An affectionate word that spring day.
8) Knowledge is a tool, not a goal. 9) A book is a source of knowledge.
Compound nominal predicates are highlighted in the text.
isolated def.
A huge world, tempting and diverse, breaks into us from the pages of our favorite books. What is hidden in them?
complex suggestion
Read slowly so as not to lose a single drop of precious parch. about.
getting acquainted with the country from the window of the car. Force yourself to read slowly. about. one member
but, remembering, pondering, imagining oneself in the midst of those events and complex subdivisions. etc.
the environment that fills the book. Only then will the big and beautiful world created by the writer open up to the end before you.
complex etc.
Read! May there not be a single day when you would not read at least one page from a new book. isolated def.
II. 1) Reading is a window to the world, the most important tool of learning.
its finest shades. 3) The beauty of the word is most clearly embodied in poetry.
The first and second texts are united by a common idea of the importance and necessity of reading.
He (pronoun) is surrounded by (short participle) many (noun) smart (adj.) kind (adj.) and (union) faithful (adj.) friends (n.). (Narrative, non-exclamation, simple, two-state, distribution, complicated by inhomogeneous definitions) [-=... def. and def.].
Friends (n.) these (pronoun) are books (n.). (Narrative, not exclamation, simple, two-part, distribution) [...=-...].
What (pronoun) is hidden (short participle) in (preposition) them (pronoun)?
(questioning, non-exclamatory, simple, two-state, distribution, complete, uncomplicated) [-=...] ?
o - [a] - vowel, bezud.
x - [x] - acc., deaf., hard.
o - [o] - vowel, ud.
w - [w] - acc., deaf., hard.
5 letters, 5 sounds I. Subtlest - adjective.
Shades (k a k and m?) The thinnest;
n.f. - thin.
II. Fast. - qualities. Non-post. - superlative degree, in D. p., in the plural III. Shades (to a k and m?) The thinnest.
I. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is the greatest pride of our literature. Contemporaries called him the sun of Russian poetry. The story "The Captain's Daughter" is one of the most remarkable works of the poet. It was written in 1836. The basis of Pushkin's story is the pictures of the people's war under the leadership of Pugachev.
II. Imagery is a hallmark of fiction. To create a work of art means to paint a complete picture of life. Creative fiction helps the poet to revive the events of the distant past.
1) A conveyor is a device for the continuous movement of a workpiece from one worker to another. A conveyor is a device for the continuous movement of a workpiece from one worker to another. The conveyor is nothing more than a device for the continuous movement of the workpiece from one worker to another. 2) A container is a special container for the carriage of goods without packaging. A container is a special container for the carriage of goods without packaging. A container is nothing more than a special container for the carriage of goods without packaging. 3) An excavator is a machine that extracts the earth. An excavator is a machine that extracts earth. The excavator is nothing but a machine that extracts the earth. 4) The predicate is one of the main members of the sentence. The predicate is one of the main members of the sentence. The predicate is nothing more than one of the main members of the sentence.
5) Coordination is one of the types of subordination. Coordination is one of the types of subordination. Coordination is nothing more than one of the types of subordination.
Meeting with Dersu At ten o'clock in the evening I closed my notebook and lay down by the fire. The trunks of the trees looked like a long colonnade going deep into the forest.
Suddenly the horses lifted their heads and pricked up their ears. We began to listen, but there was silence all around.
Small stones rained down from above. A few minutes later a man came up to our fire and greeted us. Then he put his gun against the tree, took off his knapsack from his back and sat down by the fire.
He was a short, stocky man. His chest was bulging, his arms were strong and muscular, his legs were slightly crooked. His tanned face was typical of the locals. Small dark blond hair fringed his upper lip, and a small red beard adorned his chin, but his eyes were most remarkable. They appeared dark grey, but not brown. They showed determination and directness of character.
Chin - beard (additional-suffixal method).
In the text there are compound verbal (narrative) and nominal predicates (description) and simple verbal predicates (narration).
I. Many anecdotes were told in Paris about how monstrous the Russ. about.
Ian and unusually gullible was Ampère. So, | standing at the blackboard during lek deepr. about.
tions | and |carried away by explanations|, he sometimes took parch instead of a handkerchief. about.
a damp rag |stained with chalk|.
The venerable academician believed the witty students that they did not understand the numbers on the blackboard well, and the gullible scholar wrote larger and larger until no more than five figures fit on the huge board.
II. The giant with a proud posture sprinkled sand on his head, danced and sang. Magellan decided that the native was performing a rite of peace, and sent deepre. about.
sailors to meet him, | ordered to do the same |. So they danced, | obsy deep. about.
soldering with sand |, like carnival jesters, and the sailor was waist-deep...
III. Whatever the conversation was about, he always knew how to support it: whether it was about a horse farm, he talked about a horse farm;
whether they talked about good dogs, and here he reported very sensible remarks;
interpreted par. about.
whether with regard to the investigation | produced by the Treasury | - he showed the hall that he was not unknown to judicial tricks;
whether there was a judgment about the billiard game - and in the billiard game he did not miss;
whether they talked about virtue, and he talked about virtue very well, even with tears in his eyes...
Airmail is mail delivered by aircraft. (It is figurative but from the word mail by the addition of two bases).
A scuba diver is a person who swims with scuba gear. (It is formed from the word aqualung in a suffixal way).
The airmail was delivered on time.
Scuba diver Sergeev was the best in our team.
Director's talent, play rehearsal, performing arts, impress the audience, prepare for the conference, biologists' congress, festive illumination, carnival night, hurricane wind, embodied plan, diligently execute, majority of those present, election company.
x talent (n.) director (n.) (management) (indicates the object and x its attribute);
stage (adj.) art (n.) (agreement) (indicates an object and its sign);
hit (verb) spectators (n.) (control) (indicates the action and the object to which it passes);
diligently (adverb) to fulfill (verb) - adjunction (indicates an action and its sign).
SECONDARY MEMBERS OF THE PROPOSAL 16. Addendum 145 (c).
The door creaked and the forester stepped over the threshold. I looked at him (pronoun with a preposition). Rarely have I (pronoun.) seen such a young man (being). From under his wet shirt, his mighty muscles protruded convexly.
I. I liked this town (loc.) for its location (n.).
I often went to look at the majestic river (n. with a preposition). Suddenly, the sounds of music (n.) reached me (loc. with a preposition). I listened. "What is it?" - I asked the old man who came up to me (local with a sentence) (noun with a sentence).
II. For a long time I looked from a distance at a rural house (noun with a preposition), again leaving me. A gloomy foreboding disturbed me (loc.). Someone (local) whispered to me that not all misfortunes for me (noun with a preposition) were over.
The heart sensed a new storm (n.).
x Send (what?) a telegram (indicates the action and the object to which it goes) (control);
to admire (what?) the landscape (pointing to the action and the object to which it passes) (management);
kindle (what?) a fire (indicates the action and the object to which it passes) x (control);
tell (about what?) about the meeting (indicates the action and the object to which it goes) (management);
meet (whom?) a friend (indicates the action and the object to which it passes) (management).
In the morning I sent a telegram. I admired the scenery until the evening.
In the evening we decided to light a fire. I wanted to tell everyone about our meeting. I couldn't wait to meet my friend.
1) The steamboat wakes the city with a weeping whistle. 2) We were met by a friendly, clean-shaven old man. 3) And the infantry carried forward their dear cheers. 4) Mother in tears ordered me to take care of my health. 5) Chuck kept three colored badges in a cardboard box. b) I live, I am proud of my sons. 7) They look into the joker's mouth, they catch the word greedily.
1) We were going to return (action of the same person) home in the evening. - My sister asked us to return (actions of different persons) home by evening. 2) In the summer I continued to visit (the action of the same person) the swimming pool. - The doctor advised me to visit (the actions of various persons) the swimming pool. 3) The students began to collect (the action of the same person) materials for composition. - The teacher recommended that the students collect (actions of different persons) materials for composition.
1) We read Jules Verne regularly. 2) Show on the map the Caucasus Mountains. 3) Many countries of the world trade with New Zealand. 4) The excursion cadets who arrived in Moscow visited Manezhnaya Square.
A direct object is an object that is expressed in the accusative form of a noun without a preposition.
1) A cloud covered the sun. 2) The roots of trees nourish the leaves. 3) City streets are decorated with high-rise buildings. 4) Forests save rivers. 5) Regular metabolism supports the existence of organisms.
6) Electric locomotives replaced steam locomotives. 7) The trolley bus overtook the tram. 8) That field has outgrown the maple.
Word order in these cases plays a meaningful role.
1) Send us new postage stamps. - Send us new postage stamps. 2) Don't forget to buy candy in the store. - Don't forget to buy a drink at the candy store. 3) Hurry up and bring grandma tea. - Hurry up and bring grandma some tea. 4) Fill the tub with water. - Fill the tub with water.
1) The meeting did not make a reasoned decision. 2) We failed to fulfill our promise. 3) The atelier does not accept new orders. 4) The student did not understand the conditions of the problem.
1) A new actor will play the main role in the play. Good physical fitness plays a big role in achieving sports success.
2) Vacationers admired the view of the snowy mountains. The narrator did not show that he did not like our question. 3) An explanatory dictionary helps to understand the meaning of a word. Hardening of the body is of great importance for health.
Phraseological phrases-predicates are in bold type.
It plays a big role - it means a lot, it is very important.
He did not give a look - did not pay attention, ignored.
It is of great importance - very important, plays a big role, means a lot.
1) We were very worried about our volleyball players. 2) Everyone was especially worried about the captain. 3) We would be glad to warn them against possible mistakes. 4) But the players themselves were full of confidence in success.
5) Belief in victory helped them a lot. 6) The championship was won by the team quite deservedly. 7) The coach was awarded a special award.
Words with missing letters are given for the rule of writing -n- and -nn- in suffixes of various parts of speech.
17. Definitions 171 (155).
x 1) There is a short (adj.), but marvelous x x (adj.) time in the initial autumn (adj.). 2) But far from the first (numeral) winter (adj.) storms x - and pure (adj.) and warm (adj.) azure is pouring onto the resting (at x part) field. 3) Am I not looking into your eyes from white (adj.), matte (with x lag.) pages?
These definitions answer the questions How do I? Which? Which?
Which? They belong to nouns and are related to them in a way of agreement.
1) There was a wonderful view from the mountain. - The view from the mountain was wonderful.
2) It started to rain heavily in the morning. - It rained heavily in the morning. The weather was bad all month long. The weather has been bad all month. 3) We live in the first house from the square. - Our house is the first from the square.
4) It was fine days. - Nice days. Weary tourists returned to the camp. - The tourists returned to the camp tired. 5) The arguments of the commission were very convincing. - The Commission presented convincing arguments.
6). Behind the canvas of the narrow-gauge railway, an impenetrable palisade stands a young snyak. It seems impassable only from afar.
On the former (participle) (agreement) outskirts of our (pronoun) (agreement) city, a sports (adj.) (agreement) complex has been created for children. A low (adj.) (agreement) domed (adj.) (agreement) building made of glass (n.) and concrete (n.) (governance) was built in the center of it. It is a winter (adj.) (agreement) swimming pool (noun with a preposition) (management). On the left is a football (with lag.) (coordination) field with a running (adj.) (coordination) track. Nearby are basketball and volleyball courts (noun with a preposition) (management);
there are two (participle)(coordination) tennis (adj.) (coordination) courts nearby. For light (with lag.) (coordination) athletics, the territory on the right (adverb) (adjacent) is allotted. From morning to evening there are many children of different ages in the town (adj. + noun) (management). Their dream to seriously engage in sports (verb + noun) (management) has become a reality.
Passive past participles are underlined with one line.
In the (preposition) center (noun) of its (pronoun) built (cr. participle) low (adj.) domed (adj.) building (noun) from (preposition) glass (n.) and (union) concrete (noun). (Narrative, not exclamation, simple, two-state, distributive, complicated by homogeneous inconsistent definitions) [...=…- def. and def.].
For (preposition) occupations (n.) light (adj.) athletics (n.) allotted (kr. participle) territory (n.) on the right (adv.). (Narrative, non-exclamation, simple, two-part, distribution) [...=-...].
Their (pronoun) dream (n.) to seriously (adv.) engage in (verb) arguing (n.) became a (verb) reality (n.). (Narrative, non-exclamation, simple, two-state, distribution) [...-...=].
1) The driver is wearing a leather jacket. - The driver is wearing a leather jacket.
2) There was a large selection of illustrated magazines in the kiosk. - The kiosk had a large selection of magazines with illustrations. 3) The car park was located near the station. - The car park was located near the station. 4) Three hours later, mountain peaks appeared. - Three hours later, the tops of the mountains appeared. 5) Books in the library were given out by a tall black-eyed girl. - Books in the library were given out by a tall girl with black eyes.
In a glass with a colorless liquid, a little grape sugar is dissolved, in another glass there is a bright blue liquid. I pour the colorless solution from the first glass into this blue liquid and heat it slightly;
it begins to become cloudy, takes on a dirty greenish color, and first a yellow, brown, and then a bright red precipitate forms.
Text style - scientific.
Yellow - 2 syllables w - [g] - agree, sound, tv.
e - [o] - vowel, shock.
l - [l] - agree., sound, tv.
t - [t] - agree., deaf., tv.
s - [a] - vowel, unstressed.
th - [th] - agree, sound, tv.
6 letters, 6 sounds I. From the first - a numeral.
From a glass (k a k o g o?) of the first.
N.f. - first.
II. Fast. - ordinal, simple.
Non-post. - in the genus. pad.
III. From a glass (k a k o g o?) of the first.
Complex adjectives are written together if they are formed:
1) from compound nouns written together (locomotive);
2) from such phrases in which one word is associated with another by the method of subordination (snow-white - white snow).
Complex adjectives are written with a hyphen if they are formed:
1) From nouns written with a hyphen (southeast);
2) from such combinations of words that are connected according to the method of composition, as equal concepts (chess and checkers from chess and checkers);
3) if they denote shades of colors (bright red).
1) The air, |not yet sultry|, pleasantly refreshes the chest. 2) Solar par. about.
tse, | not yet entered into force |, warms carefully and gently. 3) Unslanted beams, incl. about.
ha fragrant. 4) |Untouched even by the rustle of a single dry leaf| silence stretched across the meadows. 5) Spore rain pours steeply, strongly. He always approaches with an oncoming noise.
The participial turnover is separated by commas in the case when it comes after the word being defined.
NOT with participles is written separately:
1) if the participle is short (not written);
2) if the participle has a dependent word (not yet written);
3) if the sentence contains a contrast with the union a (not tired, but rested).
In other cases, not with participles, it is written together + when it is not used without not.
Imagine, dear readers, a plump, tall man of about seventy, with a face somewhat reminiscent of Krylov's, with a clear and intelligent gaze under a hanging eyebrow, with an important posture, measured speech, and a slow gait: here is Ovsyanikov for you. He wore a spacious blue frock coat with long sleeves, buttoned up to the top, a purple silk scarf around his neck, brightly polished boots with tassels ... His hands were beautiful, soft and white, he often took hold of the buttons of his frock coat during a conversation. Ovsyanikov, with his importance and immobility, intelligence and laziness, his straightforwardness and stubbornness, reminded me of the Russian boyars of the pre-Petrine times ... All his neighbors extremely respected him and considered it an honor to know him.
The text belongs to the artistic style. Definitions give the text expressiveness.
The theme of the text is the greatness of the Russian language, its importance for the people.
1) Language is the greatest value of the people.
2) Language is an indicator of the level of human culture.
3) The Russian language is one of the most perfect languages in the world.
4) The Russian language is a reflection of the inner wealth of the people.
5) For a language, its history is very important.
Type of speech - reasoning.
The Russian language is indeed very rich and beautiful, but lately people often forget this, in pursuit of fashion they use borrowed words. Of course, one cannot do without such words, but one should not go too far either. Often in the Russian language there are analogues to foreign words, and many people simply do not understand the meaning of these borrowed words when they hear them from someone, or they themselves do not use them correctly. It seems to me that at present we need to devote more time to our mother tongue.
18. Appendix 179 (162).
1) Our (pronoun) students spent the summer at the sports (adj.) base. 2) High school students (adj. + noun) had a rest in the summer at the sports (adj.) base. 3) The high school students (n.) had a rest in the summer at the sports (adj.) base.
х х Our students (approval), at the sports base (approval), х x high school students (approval), high school students (approval).
1) White seagulls-fishermen (figurative meaning) rushed over the Don with a cry. 2) The sun stands high in the sky, hotly bakes the mother earth (translational meaning). 3) A street-snake winds (figurative meaning). 4) The grandson of the driver bows to his grandfather from behind the wheel. 5) A female doctor from the rest home listened to Semyon. 6) Buffoon winds roam (figurative meaning), touch the wires. 7) And teenage girls sang on the banks of their river. 8) Saratov's suffering splashed the accordion over the Volga River. 9) The tug "Koche Gar" went with four oil barges. 10) Ancient Waltz "Autumn Dream"
the harmonist plays.
Old-time (adj.) waltz (n.) "Autumn (adj.) dream" (n.) is played by (verb) harmonist (n.). (Narrative, non-exclamation, simple, two-part, distribution) [...=-].
1) They are written with a hyphen:
Handsome horses participated in the races. An old man stood at the gate of the warehouse. A giant plant has grown on the banks of the river.
2) Written without a hyphen:
Handsome horses participated in the races. At the gate of the warehouse stood an old watchman. A giant factory grew up on the river bank.
Handsome people are beautiful, the old man is old, the giant is big.
A hyphen is placed between the application and the noun being defined if the word being defined comes before the application.
The journal "Priroda" was the first journal that dealt with environmental issues.
The Amur River flowed through the picturesque valley.
Engineer Petrova was the best specialist in her field.
Doctor Ivanova was on her way to the hospital and was very afraid of being late.
1) Armenian students performed at the festival. They recited poems by the poet Pushkin in Russian. 2) An excerpt from the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" about the battle of Austerlitz was read by a teacher of literature. 3) The artist of the city theater sang an aria from the opera "La Traviata" by the composer Verdi. 4) The ensemble of folk instruments performed the Russian song "There was a birch in the field."
Volga-worker The main street of Russia is called this amazing river, they call it the Volga mother. The Volga River flows through almost the entire country from north to south until its waters merge with the salty Caspian.
Today the Volga is a working river. There are many giant factories on it.
Who now does not know the brand "VAZ"? From its gates, millions of new comfortable cars drive around the world. Many masters of the highest qualification work on the conveyor lines of the plant.
The style of the text is journalistic. This text serves to influence the reader in order to promote and glorify the domestic industry. It is implemented in the form of a journalistic article, essay. The text contains solemn, emotionally colored words, rhetorical questions.
The Olympic Bear has become a symbol of the Olympics, held in Moscow. The motto of the medieval knightly order was the phrase: "Victory or death!".
Landscapes of Western Siberia, diverse Volga landscapes, to show hospitality to the ambassadors, to welcome guests cordially, to express deep gratitude, to sincerely thank for the help, field and garden workers, foreign film festival, ensemble of Ukrainian accordionists, tram terminus, movement of capital trolleybuses, colorful shop windows shops.
Due to the rallies taking place today in Moscow, the movement of the capital's trolleybuses was difficult.
Moscow entrepreneurs expressed their deep gratitude to Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov for his support.
Our town is small, the main street cuts it in half. It starts from the main highway, which quickly runs away to a big city, and stretches through the whole city to a spacious square, where all the important administrative, cultural, and commercial buildings have gathered. This square is the main place of the city. There is also a beautiful church of the 17th century, noticeably rejuvenated after restoration. Behind it, in the distance, you can see a narrow strip of the river, cheerfully shining in the sun. Folk festivals and fairs have been organized on the square for a long time. On holidays, the inhabitants lovingly decorate it with flags and balloons or garlands and lanterns.
We love our main square.
19. Circumstance. Main types of circumstances 188 (171).
1) At dawn, the army moved forward. 2) The fire burned hot, with a bang.
3) Semyon Ivanov served as a watchman on the railway. He worked tirelessly. 5) I never saw such a dance afterwards.
6) Antipov ran upstairs. 7) I see myself again in the village, in deep autumn.
x x 1) Moved (verb) (where to?) forward (adv.) (adjacent), moved x (verb) (when?) at dawn (noun with a preposition) (management). 2) Burned x (vb) (kaa k?) hot (adv.) (adjacent), burned (verb) (kaa k?) with a crackle x (noun with a preposition) (control). 3) Served (verb) (where?) on the (railroad) road (noun with a preposition) (management). 4) Worked (vb.) (k a k?) x tirelessly (germ. turnover) (adjacent). 5) I have not seen (verb) (kohgda?) never (adv.) (adjacency), I have not seen (verb) (when?) later (adv.) (adjacency) . 6) Ran (verb) (ku da?) up (adv.) x x (adjacent). 7) I see (vb.) again (adv.) (adjacent), I see (vb.) x (d e?) in the village (n. with a preposition) (management), I see (vb.) (k o g d huh?) in autumn (n.) (management).
Semyon (n.) Ivanov (n.) served (v.) as a watchman (n.) on the (preposition) railway (adj.) road (n.). (Narrative, non-exclamation, simple, two-part, extended) [-=...].
TIER IVFOREST GAME
All forest game live more or less in the forest, but some species never leave it. So, I will first consider and determine, as far as I can, the difference between forests and forest species.I said about water that it is "the beauty of nature"; almost the same can be said about the forest. The complete beauty of any locality lies precisely in the combination of water with forest. Nature does just that: rivers, rivers, streams and lakes are almost always overgrown with forest or bushes. Exceptions are rare. The union of forest with water is another great purpose of nature. Forests are the guardians of waters: trees cover the earth from the scorching rays of the summer sun, from the withering winds; coolness and dampness live in their shade and do not allow flowing or stagnant moisture to dry out. The decrease in rivers, which is noticed in the whole of Russia, occurs, according to the general opinion, from the destruction of forests. (There are many villages that have lost their water forever from the destruction of the forest, which once overgrown the heads of their rivers or spring streams. Some villages replaced them with wells, and some moved to other places. I saw an example of a significant village sitting on a beautiful spring river (Bolshoy Syuyush), which constantly raised the flour-grinding station, lost water in one year. It happened very simply: in a cruel stormy winter, the peasants, in order not to travel far, cut down birch and oleshnik (alder forest) for firewood, which grew densely near a round-shaped patoch, from which more than twenty springs flowed out, which made up the Syuyush River. The spring was dry; all the springs exposed from the forest shade dried up in the summer, and the river dried up. Only in the third year, when the Chiva alder grew again, the springs began to open again, and only ten years later the river flowed as before .).
All species of resinous trees, such as: pine, spruce, fir, etc., are called red forest, or red forest. Their distinctive quality lies in the fact that instead of leaves they have needles, which they do not lose in winter, but change them gradually, gradually, in spring and early summer; in autumn they become fuller, fresher and greener, therefore they meet winter in all its glory and strength. A forest consisting solely of pines is called a forest. All other species of trees that lose their leaves in autumn and renew them in spring, such as: oak, elm, sedge, linden, birch, aspen, alder and others, are called black forest, or black forest. Berry trees belong to it: bird cherry and mountain ash, which sometimes reach a considerable height and thickness. To the black forest it is necessary to rank all the species of bushes that also lose their leaves in winter: viburnum, hazel, honeysuckle, wolf's bast, wild rose, black thorn, ordinary willow, and so on.
The red forest loves clayey, silty soil, and pine prefers sandy; on pure chernozem, it is found in the smallest number, except somewhere in the mountains, where loam and stone slabs are exposed. I do not like the red forest, its eternal, monotonous and gloomy greenery, its sandy or clayey soil, perhaps because from an early age I was accustomed to admiring the cheerful multi-leaved black forest and rich black soil. In those districts of the Orenburg province, where I lived for most of my century, pine is a rarity. So, I will talk about one dark forest.
For the most part, the black forest consists of a mixture of different tree species, and this mixture is especially pleasing to the eye, but sometimes there are places with individual manes or pegs where one species predominates: oak, linden, birch or aspen, growing in much larger numbers in compared with other tree species and reaching the volume of timber. When heterogeneous trees grow together and make up one green mass, then they all seem equally good, but individually they are inferior to each other. A spreading, white-trunked, light green, cheerful birch is good, but even better is a slender, curly, round-leaved, sweet-scented during flowering, not bright, but soft green linden, covering with its bast and shod with its bast the Orthodox Russian people. The maple is also good with its paws-leaves (as Gogol said); he is tall, slender and handsome, but he grows little in the districts of the Orenburg province that I know, and he does not reach his enormous growth there. Chunky, strong, tall and powerful, several girths of thickness at the root, there is a perennial oak, rarely found in such a majestic form; the small oak forest has nothing particularly attractive in itself: its green is dark or dull, its carved leaves, dense and solid, express only signs of future power and longevity. Aspen (The people say: bitter aspen and use these words in a swearing sense. Aspen bark is definitely bitter, but hares prefer to gnaw on young aspen.) both in outward appearance and in inner dignity it is considered the last of the marching trees. Unnoticed by anyone, the quivering aspen is beautiful and noticeable only in autumn: its early withering leaves are covered with gold and crimson, and, brightly different from the greenery of other trees, it gives a lot of charm and variety to the forest during autumn leaf fall.
Overgrowth, or porosity, that is, a young forest is pleasing to the eye, especially from a distance. The green of its leaves is fresh and cheerful, but there is little shade in it, it is thin and so frequent that you cannot pass through it. Over time, most of the trees will dry up from crowding, and only the strongest will master all the nutritional value of the soil and then they will begin to grow not only in height, but also in thickness.
Blackening from afar, tall, shady, old, dark forests stand, but the word old should not be understood as aged, decrepit, devoid of leaves: the sight of such trees in a multitude would be very sad. In nature, everything goes gradually. A large forest always consists of trees of different ages: obsolete and completely dry in many others, green and flowering, are invisible. In some places, huge trunks lie in the forest, first dried up, then rotted at the root, and finally broken by a storm of oaks, lindens, birches and aspens. (The oak lives for many centuries; the linden is more than one hundred and fifty years old, the birch is over a hundred, and the aspen is less than a hundred years old. A common sign of the old age of trees, even with green, but already rare leaves, is the main branches hanging down; this sign is most noticeable in birch when she is 100 years old.). In their fall, they bent and broke the young neighboring trees, which, despite their ugliness, continue to grow and turn green, picturesquely twisting to one side, stretching along the ground or crouching in an arc. The corpses of forest giants, smoldering inside, retain their appearance for a long time; their bark is overgrown with moss and even grass; it often happened to me in a hurry to jump on such a tree corpse and - to sink my feet to the ground through its inside: a cloud of rotten dust, similar to the dust of a dry raincoat, enveloped me for several seconds ... But this does not in the least violate the general beauty of the green, mighty forest kingdom, free to grow in freshness, darkness and silence. The view of a dense forest on a hot afternoon is delightful, its clean air is refreshing, its inner silence is soothing, and the rustle of leaves is pleasant when the wind sometimes runs through its peaks! Its darkness has something mysterious, unknown; the voice of the beast, bird and man change in the forest, sound different, strange sounds. This is some kind of special world, and folk fantasy inhabits it with supernatural creatures: goblin and forest girls, as well as river and lake whirlpools - water devils, but it’s creepy in a big forest during a storm, although it’s quiet below: the trees creak and groan, branches crack and break. Involuntary fear attacks the soul and makes a person run to an open place.
On the branches of trees, in a thicket of green leaves and in general in the forest live colorful, beautiful, discordant, infinitely diverse breeds of birds: deaf and common black grouse lek, grouse squeak, woodcocks wheeze on drafts, coo, each in its own way, all breeds of wild pigeons, thrushes squeal and clink, orioles mournfully, melodiously call to each other (Orioles also have another, opposite cry or squeal, piercing and unpleasant for the ear. Finding in these sounds a resemblance to the disgusting cry of nibbling cats, the people call the oriole a wild cat.), moaning pockmarked cuckoos, tapping, hollowing trees, woodpeckers with different feathers, blowing bells, cracking jays; waxwings, forest larks, grosbeaks and all the numerous winged, small singing tribe fills the air with different voices and enlivens the silence of the forests; on the boughs and in the hollows of trees, birds make their nests, lay their eggs and bring out their children; for the same purpose, martens and squirrels, hostile to birds, and noisy swarms of wild bees settle in hollows (A hollow tree occupied by bees is called bort. Having noticed a hole into which bees climb, they hollow it out and trim it with debt so that you can take them out and freely get combs of fragrant green honey, known as lipets. Bort fisheries in the Orenburg province were previously very significant, but the multiplication of population and ignorant greed when getting honey, which is often taken out all, leaving no reserve for the winter, destroys wild bees, which are already exterminated by bears, great honey hunters, certain breeds of birds and the cruelty of winter frosts.). There are few herbs and flowers in a large forest: a dense, permanent shade is unfavorable for vegetation, which needs the light and warmth of the sun's rays; more often than others, one can see a jagged fern, dense and green leaves of a lily of the valley, tall stems of a faded forest levkoy, and mature stone berries blush in bunches; the damp smell of mushrooms is in the air, but the most audible is the sharp and, in my opinion, very pleasant smell of mushrooms, because they are born in families, nests and love to bridge (as the people say) in a small fern, under rotting last year's leaves.
In such a dark forest live, more or less permanently, bears, wolves, hares, martens and squirrels. (In some, more forested districts of the Orenburg province, where rocks and resinous trees grow, deer, lynxes and wolverines are found; in mountainous places - wild goats, and in reeds and reedy urems along the Urals - wild boars.) . Between the squirrels come across very whitish, almost white, called gourds for some reason, and flying squirrels: the latter have on both sides, between the front and hind legs, a thin leather membrane, which, stretching, helps them jump from tree to tree for a very large distance. During such a jump, similar to flight, I once killed a flying squirrel in the air, and it turned out that I shot the beast in years. Birds of prey also take out children in the forests, arranging nests on the main branches near the tree trunk itself: large and small hawks, harriers, white-tails, tailbones and others. Owls, owls and long-eared eagle owls lurk and breed in the dense shade of the forest slums, whose deplorable, strange, wild cry at night will frighten even a timid person who is late in the forest. What is so strange that the people consider these cries to be hooting and the laughter of the goblin? If you happen to go along a wooded road, through green copses and fragrant glades, as soon as you leave them, as the coccyx, which I just mentioned, appears in the height. If he has a nest nearby, then he usually accompanies every traveler, even a passerby, floating above him in wide, bold circles in heavenly heights. He watches with his amazingly keen eyes, whether some small bird will fly out from under the feet of a horse or a person. With the speed of lightning, it falls from the sky onto a fluttering bird, and if it does not have time to fall into the grass, hide in the leaves of a tree or bush, then the coccyx will plunge its sharp claws into it and take it to the nest to its children. If it is not possible to grab the prey, then it will fly up in a steep arc, again make a bet and fall down again if the same bird rises again or another one is frightened. The coccyx beats from above, scribbles like a falcon, which is completely similar to it. Sometimes it happens that both coccyxes, the female and the cheglik, fly out to catch from big children, and then they can amuse any spectator and not a hunter. It is impossible to look at the speed, lightness and dexterity of this small, beautiful bird of prey without pleasant surprise and involuntary participation. Strange, but the most compassionate person somehow does not feel sorry for the poor birds that he catches! The process of this fishing is so good, elegant, fascinating that you certainly wish the catcher success. If one coccyx manages to catch a bird, then it now takes the prey to the children, while the other remains and continues to swim above the person, waiting for its own prey. It also happens that both tailbones, almost at the same time, will catch a bird and fly away with them; but in a minute one will certainly appear to the person again. The coccyx is a mysterious bird: it catches wonderfully in the wild, but the hand catches nothing. I have tried many times to bear tailbones (the same as training a dog), and nesters and fledglings; it is very easy to endure them: in three or four days he will get used to it completely and will walk on his hand even without a lure (a piece of meat); you just have to whistle and wave your hand, if the coccyx only sees the hunter or hears his whistle - he is already on his arm, and if the hunter does not extend his hand, then the coccyx will sit on his shoulder or head - he does not take any live bird. This feature of it is known to all hunters, but I did not believe until I was convinced by many experiments that this is absolutely true. (And yet this is not true! From the "Book of the Falconer's Way" it is obvious that the tailbones were poisoned: so, we only do not know how to bear them. - A later note by the writer.). Having lost all hope that the coccyx would catch, I usually let him go free, and for a long time we saw him flying around the house and heard a plaintive squeak, which meant that he was hungry. Whether the coccyx received the former ability to catch in the wild, or died of hunger, I don’t know. Forest and bushes growing near rivers in places that are flooded with hollow water are called urema. Urems are different: along large rivers and rivers of medium size, the banks of which are always sandy, the urem consists preferably of elm, osocor, willow or willow and occasionally of oak, reaching enormous growth and volume; bird cherry, mountain ash, hazel and large wild rose almost always accompany them, pouring a strong aromatic smell around during spring flowering. The elm is not so tall, but its thick, curly stump is up to three sazhens in circumference; it is picturesquely sprawling, and the soft, dense green of its oval, as if embossed, leaves is beautiful. On the other hand, the osokor reaches gigantic heights; he is majestic, slender and multi-leaved; its pale green leaves look like aspen leaves and just as easily sway on their long stems at the slightest imperceptible movement of air. Its thick and at the same time light, soft, red inside bark is used for various small crafts, most of all for surfacing for fishing nets, seines and fishing rods. Such urems are not dense, they have many deep flood lakes, rich in all kinds of fish and water game. Everywhere along the banks of rivers and lakes, along sandy hillocks and slopes, preferably before other forest berries, blackberries grow in abundance (in some provinces they call it kumanika), clinging to everything with their flexible, creeping, slightly prickly branches; from spring, its greenery is covered with small white flowers, and in autumn with black-blue or gray-gray berries of excellent taste, similar in appearance and size to large raspberries. Such an urema is good: huge trees love space, they do not grow often, under them and near them, according to the size of the shade, there are no young tree shoots, and therefore their majestic beauty is all in sight.
Urems of another kind are formed along rivers, which cannot be classified as rivers of medium size, because they are much smaller, but at the same time fast and full of water; along rivers flowing not in barren, sandy, but in green and flowering banks, along black earth soil, you rarely see elm, oak or sedge there, birch, aspen and alder grow there (Alder is the most vigorous tree in terms of growth; it loves damp soil and usually grows densely along the banks of small rivers and streams, but if the soil is marshy, it also covers mountain slopes. Alder reaches a fairly large growth and thickness, but its tree is soft, fragile and fragile ; however, carpenters use it, sawn into panels, for pasting various furniture.); there, in addition to bird cherry and mountain ash, there are a lot of all kinds of bushes: viburnum, honeysuckle, hawthorn, willow, currant and others. I especially like these urems. Many trees and preferably tall bushes are pierced, woven and picturesquely entwined to the very top with tenacious shoots of wild hops and hung first with its green leaves, similar to grape leaves, and then with pale, golden cones, similar to grape brushes, inside of which are hidden small, round, bitter tasting, hoppy seeds. Many nightingales, bluethroats and all sorts of songbirds live in green, densely growing bushes of such an urema. Nightingales drown out everyone. Day and night, their whistles and peals do not stop. The sun is setting, and nightlights are replaced by tired day nightingales until morning. Only there, with the light noise of a running river, in the midst of flowering and greening trees and bushes, with the warmth and fragrance of a breathing night, do nightingale songs have full meaning and charming power ... but they painfully affect the soul when you hear them on the street, in the dust and the noise of carriages, or in a stuffy room, in the dialect of people's speeches.
Along small rivers and rivers, especially on low-lying and swampy soil, urems consist of one alder and tall bushes, mostly through sprouted with small reeds. Occasionally, in some places, lopsided birch trees stick out, which are not afraid of wet places, as well as dry ones. Such uremas are especially dense, frequent and swampy, sometimes they have rather small lakes and are completely convenient for the removal of children for all marsh and water game; all kinds of animals and animals also find a safe refuge in them (In the Orenburg province, an urema, overgrown with various small bushes, constantly flooded, occupied by hollow water in the spring, is sometimes called a loan; and an urema, consisting exclusively of densely growing tall bushes, is called thals.).
And this forest, so superficially, insufficiently described by me, this beauty of the earth, coolness in the heat, the dwelling place of animals and birds, the forest from which we build houses and with which we warm ourselves in long cruel winters, we do not protect in the highest degree. We are rich in forests, but wealth leads us to wastefulness, and with it not far from poverty: cutting down a tree for no reason means nothing to us. Suppose that in real forest provinces, with all the efforts of their not so numerous population, the forest will not be brought out, but in many other places where forests once grew, bare steppes remained, and straw replaced firewood. The same can happen in the Orenburg province. I'm not talking about the fact that the peasants in general act ruthlessly with the forest, that instead of deadwood and windbreak, uselessly smoldering, behind which you need to care, because it is thick and heavy, the peasants usually cut the young forest for firewood; that old trees are cut off for fuel only branches and top, and bare trunks are left to dry and rot; that they mow grass or graze herds without any need where young forest shoots and even thickets have gone. All this is not yet as destructive as the boiling of potash and the seat, or sidka, of tar: for potash they burn mainly elm, linden and elm into ashes, without sparing, however, other tree species, and for tar they remove birch bark, that is upper birch skin. Although this shooting at first does not seem so disastrous, because the birch does not die suddenly, but taken carefully, after ten years it grows new skin, which is removed a second time; but will hired workers carefully beat the birch bark, that is, remove the skin from the birch? and besides, not a single birch, taken with the greatest care, reaches its full development: it gradually withers and dies before reaching its age.
Of the entire vegetable kingdom, the tree more than any other represents the visible phenomena of organic life and excites participation more than others. Its huge volume, its slow growth, its longevity, the strength and strength of the tree trunk, the nutritional power of its roots, always ready for the revival of perishing branches and for young shoots from a dead stump, and, finally, its many-sided benefits and beauty should, it seems, , to inspire respect and mercy ... but the industrialist's ax and saw do not know them, and the owners themselves are carried away by temporary benefits ... I could never indifferently see not only a cut down grove, but even the fall of one large chopped tree; there is something inexpressibly sad in this fall: at first, the ringing blows of the ax produce only a slight tremor in the tree trunk; it grows stronger with every blow, and passes into a general shudder of every branch and every leaf; as the ax penetrates to the core, the sounds become muffled, more painful ... another blow, the last one: the tree will settle, crack, crackle, make a noise at the top, for a few moments it seems to think where to fall, and, finally, it will begin to lean one side, at first slowly, quietly, and then, with increasing speed and noise, like the noise of a strong wind, it will collapse to the ground! .. For many decades it has reached full strength and beauty, and in a few minutes it often perishes from the empty whim of a person.
50. Read. Fill in the missing words.
So winter-winter:
Not snowdrifts - a tower!
Blue frost on the trees
Like a thick fringe.
Y. Sinitsyn
- Underline the nouns.
Exercise 51, p. 24
51. Read. Complete each group of words with two nouns.
Natural phenomena: rain, thunderstorm, hail.
Seasons: winter, summer, spring.
People: painter, actor, director.
Furniture: sofa, chair, bed.
Months of the year: February, March, April.
Days of the week: Wednesday Thursday Friday.
Dishes: plate, pan, glass.
Animals: hare, fox, wolf.
Plants: lilac, viburnum, raspberry.
Exercise 52, p. 25
52. Read. Insert the missing letters. In brackets before each word, write the question it answers.
(What?) b e reza, (who?) teach the flax,
(what?) de kabr, (who?) both z yana,
(what?) picture, (who?) gardener,
(what?) month, (who?) girl.
- Mark the stress on the words.
- Get ready to prove that you have completed the tasks correctly.
Exercise 53, p. 25
53. Read. Insert the missing letters.
→ to a empty → n about November → sakh a r → r and sunok → to e t e rock → st a can → wet e R
→ account e nickname → for I c → s about roca → m e dveditsa → m e two d b → l I gushka → sn e kettlebell → l and titsa
- Help the cat and the dog to collect "their" words.
- Write down common nouns. Select their root.
Medved/ b - bear / itza, wind/ OK - wind/.
Exercise 54, p. 26
54. Read. Insert the missing letters. Connect synonyms and antonyms with lines.
- Underline inanimate nouns. Tell me how you defined them.
Inanimate nouns answer the question what?
Exercise 55, p. 26
55. Read. Indicate the part of speech (noun) above the nouns.
- Make up four sentences from these words to make a text. Title it. Write down the title and text.
Winter
Ex. noun noun
A gray cloud covered the sky. snow clouds
noun noun noun
blocked the sun. The blizzard blew. thick snow
noun noun
covered bushes and trees.
Exercise 56, p. 27
56. Remember the nouns on the topic "School" from the spelling dictionary. Write down by dividing the words into questions.
(Who?) e nickname, student, teach the liar.
(What?) pencil case, those traditional, pencil.
- Underline unchecked spellings in words.
- How are the nouns of each series called in Russian?
The first row is animate nouns.
The second row is inanimate nouns.
Exercise 57, p. 27
57. Read.
N astya and Masha Tolmachev from the city of Kursk represented Russia at the Eurovision-2006 children's song contest. And they won! They sang the song "In the Spring Jazz". Nastya and Masha were engaged in the variety studio "Sverchok".
- Find proper names. What does each of them mean? Underline capital letters in proper names.
Nastya and Masha - names. Tolmachev is a surname. Kursk is the name of the city. Russia is the name of the country. Eurovision is the name of the contest. "Spring Jazz" is the title of the song. "Cricket" is the name of the studio.
Exercise 58, p. 27
58. Write your own names.
My name is Ivan.
My patronymic is Sergeevich.
My last name is Nikitin.
Exercise 59, p. 28
59. Solve the puzzles in which the names are "hidden". Write down these words.
Zina Julia Igor Roman
Exercise 60, p. 28
60. Read. Pick up the names of the children, the names of the river and the village, the nicknames of the animals. Put them in sentences.
In the village
Girls Anna and Katya lived in the village of M aslovka. The river Rozhayka flowed nearby. The girls came to the meadow. With them was the dog Druzhok. In the meadow, a shepherd boy was grazing little calves. The yellow heifer Milka mooed. The black heifer sniffed the grass. Borya the goby was chewing on a long stem of a flower. Horse K died stood by the river. He drank water.
- Think of a title for the text and write it down.
- Underline the capital letter in proper nouns.
Exercise 61, p. 29
61. Read. Enter a capital letter:
- in the names of states:
Russia, France, England;
- in city names:
Moscow, Yaroslavl, Vladimir;
- in river names:
Volga, Dnieper, Irtysh, Neva, Oka;
- in the names of the planets:
Earth, Mars, Venus, Jupiter.
- Make up a sentence with any proper noun.
Earth is a beautiful planet.
- What are the similarities and differences between the words Earth and earth, Sun and sun? Orally make up a sentence with each word.
The words Earth and Earth, The sun and sun similar in spelling, and the difference is that the words Earth and The sun are capitalized when referring to astronomical names: The earth revolves around the sun, but: tillage, sunrise.
Exercise 62, p. 29
62. Read.
Is our O motherland, our R is one - Mother Russia.
- Underline the capital letter in proper names.
- Write out synonyms from the sentence.
Fatherland - Motherland.
Exercise 63, p. thirty
63. Read. Write in the appropriate nouns.
think it up yourself
Unit hours hours hours h.
The elephant is tall. The fox has a fluffy tail. At
units h. pl. h.
goatling strong horns. The chicken has thin legs. The monkey has thick lips, and the wolf has sharp teeth. Think about the hedgehog, about the snake and about the siskin yourself.
A. Brodsky
- Determine the number of nouns in the first three sentences.
- Make up your sentence about a hedgehog or a snake. Write it down.
The hedgehog has spines
We can't count them on our fingers!
Exercise 64, p. thirty
64. Read. Match these words with nouns with the same root. Write it down.
gave/ yokii - gave/ ny whistling/ et - whistling/
deer/ b - deer/ yonok green/ th - green/ b
Exercise 65, p. 31
65. Fill in the missing letters. Write next to each noun the same noun, but in a different number.
b and nty - bandage in robey - sparrows
dream gá - snow dere v - de rév i
bee lá - bees of the city dá - city
hares - hare ts frosts - frost
clouds - clouds for waters - for waters
student nick - student nick sleep weights - sleep weights
- Mark the stress on the words. Underline the studied spellings in the words.
Exercise 66, p. 31
66. Read. Insert the missing letters.
units h.
Ur about zhai x about R about shi
units h.
In the current about du.
pl. hours h.
Apple about ki - like sah a R ,
pl. hours h.
Pears - pure myo d
.
E. Blaginina
- Indicate the number of nouns (singular, plural).
- Underline the nouns that are used only in the singular form.
Exercise 67, p. 32
67. Read. Fill in the missing words.
A noun is a part of speech that denotes an object and answers the questions who? what? .
Exercise 68, p. 32
68. Read expressively. Explain the spelling of the highlighted spelling.
Nele G to shoot the sound e ray .
Behind I c asks: "Posk about Ray!"
Mouse p and shield: "B about yus b a little well to,
What the picture will see sh ka".
"UK about lu, - gr about zitsya yo well
, -
If you don't send a picture!
V. Berestov
- Underline the nouns. Be prepared to explain how you identified them.
(Whom?) animals, (who?) hare, mouse, cat, hedgehog.
(What?) snapshot, (what?) snapshot.
Exercise 69, p. 32
69. Read. Underline the nouns.
Inanimate
By the river on a hillock someone mink.
shower
The name of the owner is also mink
.
I. Gamazkova
- Explain which of the underlined nouns is animate and which is inanimate. Circle the animate nouns.
Exercise 70, p. 33
70. Read. Title the text.
Signs
How to n about su pour out in e sleep sh ki,
This is a sign - SPRING ON THE NOSE.
If but with pos and nel at T a nude sh ki -
Summer . H e arnica ripened in l e su .
A. Usachev
- What does the highlighted expression mean?
Spring is just around the corner - spring is coming soon.
- Underline the nouns. Explain the spelling of the underlined letters.
Exercise 71, p. 33
71. Read. Underline the animate, common noun.
From the grandmother's knees a ball
Fell by accident on the threshold.
And twirled and rolled...
R. Sef
- Read again. And what will happen next? Orally compose a continuation of the text.
Rolled down the mountain -
He lost his way.
Exercise 72, p. 33
72. Write down nouns that have the following features:
Dmitry - n., soul., own, unit. h.
Man - n., soul., nav., unit. h.
Moscow - noun, inanimate, own, unit. h.
Noun
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