Research work: "Ecology of the native village." Project work "I and the ecology of my native land" Canaray - my green paradise
"I and the ecology of my native land"
(environmental project)
Stage I - preparatory
nature and me
Ecological problems
II stage - research
Stage III - generalization of materials
I stage - preparatory
Project object- forest plantation, park, trees.
Project subject– excursions to the park, forest plantation, cleaning the territory, protecting trees, maintaining cleanliness and order.
Project Hypothesis- thanks to excursions, cleaning of territories, protection of trees, it is more effective to form research skills.
The goals of the project are to form ecological consciousness, to study the impact of conducting excursions, cleaning the territory, protecting trees on the formation of research skills.
Project objectives:
1) Find out the state of the park, forest plantations.
2) Study and analyze the literature on this issue.
3) Research work "I and the ecology of my native land."
nature and me(Soothing music playing).
Hello, my native land,
With your dark forests
With your great river
And boundless fields!
For each person, the concept of "Fatherland" is inextricably linked with nature. The river, the shore, the grain fields and the birch grove, the taiga and the steppe - all these pictures, familiar from childhood, merge into a single large image of the Motherland. To educate the younger generation in responsibility for the fate of nature and love for it is one of the most important tasks of today in the multiplication of natural wealth. We must preserve and beautify our land.
It is impossible not to love your land, its unique nature, which is not only an object of admiration, creative strength and health, but also a natural resource of great importance - a source of wealth for our Motherland.
The words noted by D.K. Ushinsky: “Wouldn’t the freedom, and the open space, the beautiful surroundings of the town, and these fragrant ravines and swaying fields, and pink spring and golden autumn, be beautiful.”
Ecological problems
The study of nature cannot be imagined without direct observation and study of objects and natural phenomena; it is rather difficult to study without excursions. Is it possible to form conscious knowledge, for example, about the forest without direct access to nature? Not!
We decided to conduct an ecological excursion to the park, to the forest plantation.
Ecological excursions have their own specifics. It lies in the fact that during the excursion, in addition to educational tasks, environmental problems are also solved.
During this excursion, we paid attention to the issue of nature conservation. We already knew that plants should be handled with care, not breaking branches of trees and shrubs, not uprooting flowering plants, not picking flowers from them. We were told about the Red Book and explained that everything in nature is interconnected and harmonious, and our task is to preserve this amazing and multifaceted world. We were entrusted with the performance of some useful work aimed at identifying disturbances in nature.
We found out the state of green spaces, the degree of trampling down of park sites, forest plantations. Such work aroused great interest in us, the desire to do something useful, helps to cultivate a careful attitude towards nature.
II stage - Research
Both in the park and in the forest plantation one of the most beautiful trees - birches - is planted.
On the meadow, on the hill,
By the window, among the fields
Blond birches - a symbol
My motherland!
The birch is a symbol of Russia, because we have so many of them. A symbol of youth, beauty, poetry. Sweet, simple, eternally young Russian birch.
In our country, birch is the most common hardwood. We have up to forty species of birch. And in the first place - warty birch. Well-known and birch - fluffy. They are very similar.
And how amazingly good a birch is in spring in a green dress. The light she studies can warm a chilled soul. How many songs have been composed about her, how many poems have been written! And everything seems small! For example, V. Musatov has a poem "Birches".
Birches.
The yellow leaf in the forest is spinning
And birch trees lie at the feet ...
Facing severe frosts
With bare head
Birches won't catch a cold
Legs hidden under the leaves.
No other country has as many birches as we have in Russia. Birch and in songs, and in riddles, and in fairy tales. And how many rivers, villages, villages are named after our cheerful birch.
A birch grows in Volgograd, grows on the land that has survived 200 fiery days. She remembers the ruined city, the bomb explosions, the rivers of blood, the moans of the dying. Here Soviet soldiers stood to their death, survived and won.
For me, birch is a part of Russia.
She is, and will be, and was.
Knowing about the beauty and usefulness of birches, people do not think about their protection, they release cattle, tear them for brooms, some boys break branches, in early spring they hurt birches to extract juice. And we, with the whole class, also connected our parents to take patronage over the park and forest plantation. We often visit our sponsored places, take care of trees, remove garbage, make sure that people do not drive cattle into the park. We examine small wounds on a birch. The birch wound was healed with Garden Var glue to heal faster. After the end of juice secretion, the wound was smeared with oil paint. Seeing how the kids diligently take care of the trees, and the population of our village has already begun to litter less, let out livestock. We understand that everything in nature is interconnected, I would like to end with B. Zakhoder's poem "About everyone in the world."
Needed in the world.
And midges are no less needed than elephants
You can't do without absurd monsters
Even without evil and ferocious predators!
Everything in the world is needed!
Everything is needed -
Who makes honey and who makes poison.
Bad deeds for a cat without a mouse,
A mouse without a cat is no better off.
Yes, if we are not very friendly with someone
We all really need each other.
And if someone seems superfluous
That, of course, would be a mistake.
III stage - Generalization of materials
In order to have something to remember, we decided to plant a birch each in the spring.
We already know the rules for planting trees: first, we dig holes to such a depth that the roots of the seedling fit in the hole; then, one holds a birch stalk by the stalk, and the other fills the hole with soil; we form a hole so that the water does not flow down the sides when watering. We all love planting trees.
All people should take care of the trees, water them every day. If people pollute the air, there will be fewer trees. People, do not pollute the Earth!
At the end of my speech, I turn to all the guys.
There are a lot of us guys
May each of us
Even a bush for the garden
Will plant now.
May it be better and more beautiful
Itself, like spring,
Becomes our
Ecology and us
Protection and rational use of flora and fauna.
Done: student
9th grade MOUOO
schools in Yusupovo
Tagirova Fluza
leader: teacher
Russian language MOUOO
Schools in Yusupovo
Nigamaeva E.A.
Plan
1. Wildlife is the main asset of the Earth.
2. Flora and plant resources.
3. Relationship between flora and fauna.
4. Take care of nature!
Living nature is the main asset of our Earth; human society has developed in its bowels and exists at its expense. It satisfies our nutritional needs and provides the main conditions for the life of people on the planet - the composition of the air environment, protection from cosmic radiation, purity of water, soil fertility, and climate mitigation.
For humans, the plant world acts as plant resources. These resources, especially forests, are significant in Bashkortostan. Forests occupy about 39% of the region's territory. In neighboring Tatarstan, the area of forests is only 17% of the territory. Timber reserves allow the development of forestry, wood-chemical and other industries.
The water protection role of forests is very important. They accumulate more snow, which feeds the rivers. Especially important for us are mountain forests that feed rivers and protect mountain slopes from erosion. If the forests are depleted, then irreparable damage can be done not only to Bashkortostan, but also to neighboring regions, since the rivers flowing to the plains will dry up.
Forests are the source of life for numerous herbivorous animals, in close connection with which there are also predatory animals.
Of the negative qualities that somewhat reduce the value of the republic's forest resources, we note their uneven distribution. About 70% of the forest area falls on Gorny Bashkortostan, where the forest cover reaches more than 80%. As a result of intensive deforestation, the forest area of Bashkortostan has halved over the past century. The steppe vegetation was damaged due to plowing. The steppe areas also suffer from excessive grazing.
Various animals inhabiting the territory of the republic represent animal resources for us. Like vegetation, the animal world is significantly depleted by man. Wild horses, saigas, beavers, and red deer have long since disappeared. The number of bear, otter, mink has decreased. It is sometimes believed that predatory animals bring harm.
Consider the opposite - the positive impact of man on the flora and fauna. This impact is expressed in the protection, rational use and replenishment of plants and animals. Much has been and is being done in this direction.
1. Three reserves have been created - the Bashkir State Reserve, Shulgantash and Yuzhno-Uralsky. Rare species of animals and plants are protected on the territory of these reserves.
2. Organized 15 state hunting reserves and 12 reserves for the protection of medicinal plants. 148 natural sites have been declared natural monuments.
3. Protection and restoration of forests are being decided - field-protective forest plantations are being created, forest plantations are being carried out, work is underway to prevent forest fires, school forestries and green patrols are being created.
4. Much has been done to protect and replenish animals: valuable animals have been settled - American mink, red deer, muskrat, muskrat, river beaver. The elk population is growing.
5. Many animals are taken under protection, for example, brown bear, maral, roe deer, etc.
6. Stocking of lakes, reservoirs and ponds is carried out.
7. There is a fight against poachers who violate the terms and places of hunting, as well as fishing.
There is much more to be done. It is necessary to abandon the consumer attitude to forest resources. In this case, one should note the principle "as much as you need" on the other - "as much as possible". Forest resources are called renewable and exhaustible. We can harvest wood only within the limits of the annual growth of forests, and not as much as you need. "Cut down a tree, plant two," foresters say, but, unfortunately, so far an average of 20,000 hectares are planted in the republic, and 27,000 hectares are cut down.
All our activities will help the wildlife of the region well only if each of us is firmly aware of the importance of caring for the forest, meadows, birds, and animals. Communicating with nature, convince yourself: "This is our common, and therefore my forest, my river, lake. I must protect all this. Who will save this world if not me."
Life practice itself suggests: the ecology of nature without the ecology of the soul is unthinkable. We are terribly destroying the vegetation cover of the earth, proud and independent animals, all the beauty that only holds life.
Nature appears before us in all its beauty and grandeur. We admire her, she disinterestedly gives us joy.
But why, then, are there guys who destroy bird nests, clog springs or rivers, break trees? And then they brutally deal with a cat or a dog ...
How should we educate the current rising generation, the generation of the 21st century? How to develop ecological awareness, respect for nature? This is a difficult task. It is not so to develop ecological habits in a person. After all, we do not understand the behavior of those who pluck a flower and do not think about the fact that this flower is dying. What needs to be done so that forests, fields, rivers, our smaller brothers, animals and birds, do not suffer from the cruel hands of poachers? How to stop from ill-conceived actions? In the end, the human being, a part of nature, will suffer.
What ways, forms and methods are used to educate a person who is not indifferent, who will be a real watchman and master of the natural riches of our planet?
Those who forgive should receive answers to questions: why you can’t throw garbage wherever you can light a fire in the forest, why you need to plant flowers and why you can’t break tree branches, and others.
Dear children and guests! Our conference is dedicated to one of the most pressing issues of our time - the relationship between man and nature. (tell 1 sheet and abstract).
Your attention is invited to speeches on the following topics: Ecological state of the oil industry in our region, Protection and rational use of flora and fauna, Environmental problems of our region, Protection of the ecological environment is everyone's business.
Literature
1. V.N. Kuznetsov. "Ecology of Russia" Reader. JSC "MDS"
Page 4-5.
2. Khismatov M.F., Sukhov V.P. "Geography of Bashkortostan". Textbook for 9th grade. - Ufa: Kitap. Page 41-43.
V.I. Litvinova MDOU Kindergarten of a general developmental type No. 11, Tomsk
The word "ecology" has firmly entered our lives. We observe the greening of all spheres of life, it includes various aspects - philosophical, economic, geographical, social, ethical, etc. Hence the ecology of the native land, region, city, home, soul, "ecological passport", "ecologically friendly products" etc. Let's remember what ecology is. "Eco" is what is outside, around us. There is a translation from Greek: "oikos" - house, dwelling, residence and "logia" - I study. Ecology is the science of the relationship of organisms and the communities they form with each other and with the environment. Simply put, ecology studies the environment that surrounds any living being, including humans, and the term itself has a broader meaning.
Recently, many publications on the environmental theme have appeared, including those about the Tomsk region. This material can be used to work with children in ecology classes, because Tomsk is our habitat, which means that we are affected by the state of nature in the Tomsk region. Tomsk environmentalists offer many ways to protect nature. For example, one of the measures to improve the environment is the improvement and landscaping of populated areas - the creation of parks, squares, gardens, boulevards, street and intra-quarter landscaping, protective green areas around industrial enterprises. Species diversity of plantings is also necessary. This is taken care of by Gorzelenkhoz, "Botanical Garden", flower growers. The city is becoming more beautiful every year. How to protect the work of people from vandalism? One way out is to educate people with beauty.
The balance in nature is easily disturbed, the life of living beings is very fragile. We see this in our lives too: people get sick because of air and water pollution. Natural resources are depleted. How to save what little is left? How to rationally use? How to maintain and improve your habitat? Knowledge about this should be given to children accessible to their sensual, emotional and mental development. It is necessary to establish a basic minimum of environmental knowledge for subsequent environmental education at school.
For several years I have been developing the topic: "Ecology of the native land." The Tomsk region has many natural areas, minerals, a diverse world of plants and animals. You can find many topics for environmental research in the classroom with children. For example, in the Tomsk region there are many deposits of clay, sand, gravel. You can explore the properties of these objects of inanimate nature to your heart's content - and sculpt from clay, and play with water at the fountain, and "catch" air in soap bubbles, and try to grind stones, imitating a tidal wave, and you can make "cakes" from sand all year round - there is a special sandbox for this. For all these experiments there is a lot of space in the Winter Garden, not every teacher wants to arrange "such" in a group room. In my work, I use the programs of S.N. Nikolaeva, N.A. Ryzhova,
N. Kondratyeva (program "We"), other environmental manuals adapted for work in the Winter Garden. Some of the best, in my opinion, are Ecology for Children, Ecolobok, Murzilka by L.N. Erdakova. His habitat publications are very helpful in my work. The topics presented in his manuals can be developed endlessly, there are no indifferent children in the classroom. Classes are held in the Winter Garden, on the sites of the preschool educational institution. The territory of the preschool educational institution is very interesting: there are small fragments of "wild" nature, there are several pine trees, under which oil plants grow every year, there is a plot with birch trees and a small lawn where either boletus, then whites, then russula or pigs grow. These topics, of course, are also used in the classroom. In the Winter Garden, various types of indoor plants are presented, there is a "Living Corner" where a hedgehog, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster, turtles, parrots, fish, snails and other living creatures live. Situations with animals are played out in the classroom: you can’t bring hedgehogs from the forest, because we won’t be able to find many insects for them to eat, hedgehogs sleep in winter, and it’s hot and noisy in the Winter Garden - you won’t fall asleep. We are trying to force the children to behave quietly, because the Winter Garden is a small forest, all the animals and insects (spiders, snails, etc.) will hide from the noise, and they will not see anyone. Children are proud of the Winter Garden, it can be seen when they bring their parents and show them their favorite animal.
The entire program "Ecology of the Native Land" is divided into blocks:
"Inanimate nature". This includes topics: "Water", "Air", "Soil", "Stones and minerals", "Cosmic bodies", "Sun", "Moon", "Constellations and the lunar calendar", "Space travel".
II. "Living nature and its relationship with non-living". Here we get acquainted with the biological objects of the Tomsk region, the city, the Winter Garden, their life cycles; freshwater ecosystems, swamps, taiga, and other forests. During the school year
a lot of practical work in the Winter Garden for caring for animals and plants, planting plants for themselves, for kindergarten, landscaping the territory of the preschool educational institution. This includes the theme "Man as a Living Being".
"The Ecology of Our Environment". Here we carry out environmental studies of the city, kindergarten, at home, work with the "Ecological Passport", the "Red Book", we talk about nature protection.
"Our planet is in danger." Here we are talking about pollution of water, air, soil; about human behavior in nature, on the street, at home; we organize environmental events, holidays and entertainment.
Children in the classroom learn about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region, other regions of Siberia and the globe, because it's no secret to anyone that no matter where we live, we still influence the nature of the whole world. Recently, scientists and advanced people of our time have been writing about this more and more often. The aggravation of environmental problems in our country and abroad endangers the existence of people all over the world. Already not only the nature of the Earth requires protection, but also humanity - as a part of this nature. Intensive educational work is needed to form an ecological culture of nature management among the population. In the education system, the foundations of ecological consciousness and culture are laid in preschool childhood. But the existing programs are mainly familiarization with the outside world. Teachers form in children a humane attitude towards living beings, this is, of course, a positive attitude towards nature, but already insufficient. We need an urgent change in people's consciousness and attitude to nature.
A few years ago, the "Red Book of the Tomsk Region" came out of print. This is an official reference book compiled by Tomsk ecologists. It turns out that on the territory of the Tomsk region, 180 rare and endangered species of animals, plants, fungi need protection due to the reduction in their numbers as a result of human activities, and some species may disappear. Despite the various measures for the conservation of the nature of the Tomsk region, carried out by employees of the "Oblkompriroda", environmental organizations and the "Society for the Protection of Nature", the culture of the population is low. There are many examples of this, we will not dwell on them now.
Preschool childhood is the beginning of the formation of a person's personality, his attitude to himself and to the world around him. As a small person learns to relate to the world around him, so in adulthood he will apply the acquired knowledge. Children are instinctively drawn to nature, to living beings. During this period of their development, they learn everything with their sense organs, they try to realize what is. Therefore, it is important to form in children a consciously correct attitude towards natural objects and phenomena that surround it. It's hard to love something you don't know. The more children learn about the natural objects of our city, region, the more carefully they will treat them, the better they will begin to understand their needs for a clean and healthy environment and food. The role of the teacher is important here - how he will present this knowledge, this knowledge will remain so, if not in the memory of the child, then somewhere in the subconscious. Our children now have a beneficial time to become aware of themselves in the world around them, when they grow up, they will have responsibilities, schooling, work, hobbies. Classes are held in different ways: this is a conversation, and practical exercises, and observation, and communication with living objects. Children discuss in the classroom what house they would like to live in, what kind of yard should be near the house, what apartment, etc. During such a conversation, it is not the teacher who teaches the children how and where to live, but the children express their inner desire, the need for an environmentally friendly , aesthetic and harmonious with the nature of life. Children learn not to thinklessly relate to the things of nature and everyday life around them, but to find the expediency of their use, for example: to plant trees in the city for clean air; old things that are still fit to wear can be given to others; plastic dishes can be reused, etc. Children acquire practical skills and abilities. For example, plant seeds are sown. First they learn that a small plant is "sleeping" inside; then - how to "wake up" and grow it - warm it with your hands, plant it in the ground, water it, put it in a bright, warm place, and if you do it wrong, the seed will not wake up. Children in the classroom get acquainted with the life of natural objects, for example, with the life of trees. How they grow, grow old, what happens to them when they grow old and fall to the ground. You can touch the trees, they are warm even in winter. A tree can help in difficult moments of life: poplar will take away sadness, birch will give joy, heal. The child learns to find help from plants. "Look at the flower, be surprised, rejoice" - these words can help us too. Thus, a harmonious relationship is established between the child and nature. There is education through natural objects: what a beautiful moss, a bump under our feet - we won’t take it, let them stay here, they are beautiful here, here they are in place, this is someone’s home, someone’s food. Everything in nature is expedient, if you remove one link in the food chain, then an ecological catastrophe can occur. In the process of communication with living beings, the mental balance and health of the child are restored. It is especially interesting for children to get acquainted with the natural areas of the Tomsk region - their eyes light up. If you are attentive, you can see a lot and learn about what is not somewhere in Africa, but not far away, in a neighboring forest, for example, you can see a ferret, a hare. Children begin to fantasize, including themselves in various situations. This is a kind of training of correct ecological behavior.
Or work with the "Environmental Passport" - it shows all the trees and shrubs growing on the plots of the preschool educational institution, the icons of birds, insects, plants and other living creatures that live or sometimes appear on the territory of the kindergarten. Children suggest which bird or bug still needs to be marked on the "Environmental Passport".
Parents help to introduce children to the unique places of the city, the region - these are wildlife sanctuaries, specially protected areas, natural monuments (lakes, springs, etc.), the Siberian Botanical Garden, the university grove, then they talk about their trips. Together we discuss how to have a good rest in nature and not harm it. These are traditional resting places for Tomsk residents, gathering wild plants. No police, no environmental inspections will be enough to protect these places. We need the good will of people, ecological culture
tour and ecological outlook. How we coped with this task will be shown in the near future.
As a result of four years of ecological upbringing and education, children must distinguish living nature from non-living; know about the life and needs of living organisms, about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region; learn to humanely treat the animals of the corner of nature, take care of the plants of the Winter Garden; have an elementary ecological culture: do not throw garbage, do not break trees, etc.
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
Social project "Ecology of the native land" Completed by a student of the 6th grade of the MBOU "Zaboryevskaya secondary school" Khromov Daniil Head Kulikova Irina Nikolaevna
2 slide
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The existence of civilization on our planet is inextricably linked with natural conditions. Human activities have an increasingly tangible impact on the environment, which has led to the formation and deepening of numerous environmental problems. In order to attract public attention to the issues of the environmental development of the Russian Federation, the conservation of biological diversity and ensuring environmental safety, by decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, 2017 was declared the Year of Ecology and Specially Protected Natural Areas in Russia.
3 slide
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What is Ecology? The term "ecology" first appeared in the scientific community in 1866. Then this word was proposed to be called the branch of science that studies the existence of various communities of living beings interacting with each other and with their natural environment. In 1990, at the International Congress of Ecologists, a definition was given: Ecology is a science that studies the interaction of animate and inanimate nature.
4 slide
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Ecological problems Forests enrich the atmosphere with oxygen, which is so necessary for life, and absorb carbon dioxide. They play a major role in the water cycle. Trees raise groundwater, enriching soils and keeping them from desertification and erosion - it is not for nothing that rivers instantly become shallow during deforestation. According to reports from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 13 million hectares of forest are lost every year, while only 6 hectares grow. Deforestation
5 slide
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Depletion of the Ozone Layer Ozone is a form of oxygen found in the stratosphere, approximately 12 to 50 kilometers from Earth. For many centuries, people did not suspect the existence of ozone, but their activity adversely affected the state of the atmosphere. At the moment, scientists are talking about such a problem as ozone holes. The depletion of oxygen modification occurs for a variety of reasons: launching rockets and satellites into space; operation of air transport at an altitude of 12-16 kilometers; freon emissions into the air.
6 slide
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According to experts, 10-15 thousand species of organisms disappear annually. The impoverishment of the species composition of flora and fauna significantly reduces the stability of ecosystems and the biosphere as a whole, which also poses a serious danger to humanity. The process of biodiversity reduction is characterized by an avalanche-like acceleration. As of 2000, 415 species of animals are listed in the Red Book of Russia. This list of animals in recent years has increased by one and a half times and does not stop growing. Humanity as a species with huge numbers and habitat does not leave suitable habitat for other species Decreasing biodiversity
7 slide
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Water pollution Humans have used every river as a sewer for centuries. The greatest danger to the hydrosphere arose in the 20th century with the emergence of large cities and the development of industry. Despite treatment facilities that are able to prevent the transformation of a river or lake into a fetid slurry, they are not able to return the water to its former natural purity: the growing volumes of industrial effluents and solid waste that dissolve in water are stronger than the most powerful treatment units. About half of the population of developing countries does not have access to sources of clean water, is forced to drink contaminated with pathogenic microbes and is therefore doomed to premature death from epidemic diseases.
8 slide
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Today, oil, as an energy resource, is one of the main factors in the development of the economy. But oil production, its transportation and processing are invariably accompanied by its losses, emissions and discharges of harmful substances, the consequence of which is environmental pollution. In terms of scale and degree of toxicity, oil pollution is a planetary danger. Oil and oil products cause poisoning, death of organisms and soil degradation. Natural self-purification of natural objects from oil pollution is a long process, especially at low temperatures. The enterprises of the fuel and energy complex are the largest source of environmental pollutants in the industry. oil pollution
9 slide
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The soil is the custodian of fertility and life on Earth. It takes 100 years to form its layer 1 cm thick. But it can be lost in just one season of man's thoughtless exploitation of the earth. One of the modern environmental problems of the planet is land degradation. Under this concept are collected all the processes that change the state of the soil, worsen its functions, which leads to the loss of fertility. There are several types of degradation at the moment: desertification; salinity; erosion; pollution waterlogging; depletion of the land as a result of its long-term use. land degradation
10 slide
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Currently, the problem of waste, due to its scale, is particularly relevant. When producing a product, we must take into account not only its consumer benefits, but also its environmental impact during production and disposal. Today, humanity has accumulated so much waste that it is seriously faced with the problem of their disposal. Wastes are substances or wastes that have lost their consumer properties and cannot be used. For the safe handling of waste, a waste classification has been developed. Most substances can be used, the limitation of unsuitability is economic feasibility and the lack of advanced technology. The garbage we throw away can be a valuable resource if we understand how cheap it is to recycle it. Waste
11 slide
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The earth cannot support a huge number of people. According to scientists, 500 thousand is the maximum allowable number of people for our planet. Today, this limit figure has been exceeded 12 times, and according to scientists' forecasts, by 2100 it may almost double. But the growth in the number of people is also an increase in the use of natural resources, an increase in areas for agricultural and industrial needs, an increase in the amount of harmful emissions, an increase in the amount of household waste and areas for their storage, an increase in the intensity of human expansion into nature and an increase in the intensity of the destruction of natural biodiversity. Mankind today is simply obliged to restrain its growth rates, rethink its role in the ecological system of the Planet, and take up the construction of human civilization on the basis of a harmless and meaningful existence, and not on the basis of animal instincts of absorption. overpopulation
12 slide
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13 slide
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Ecological problems of the Ryazan region. The Ryazan region is located in the center of the West European Plain, on the ancient Russian platform, has a flat relief. In the north - the Meshcherskaya lowland, in the west - the spurs of the Central Russian Upland (height up to 236 m). Its territory is well watered and populated. The Oka River divides it into two parts: northern - forest and southern, which includes zones of broad-leaved forests of the forest-steppe.
14 slide
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Ecological problems of the Ryazan region. The region is an old industrial region with a diversified complex. In the sectoral structure of industrial production, a large share falls on mechanical engineering and metalworking, significant shares are oil refining, electric power, production of building materials and the food industry. The most important industries are oil refining and electric power industry. The production of building materials has been developed (Mikhailovsky cement plant of the Eurocement group, Skopinsky glass plant), the production of leather and its processing (JSC Safyan), non-ferrous (Kasimov, Ryazan and Skopin) and powder metallurgy, the production of chemical fibers. Developed industry creates an environmental hazard in the region.
15 slide
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Ecological problems of the Ryazan region. Consider the most acute environmental problems of the Ryazan region. Atmospheric air pollution. Emissions from industrial enterprises, transport exhausts, ashes from forest and peat fires pollute the atmosphere in summer. The ecology of the region suffers from forest fires, which are caused by rich peat deposits in the region. About 14% of the territory of the Ryazan region was affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. This part of the region has an increased radioactive background. There are rich reserves of drinking water in the region, but, unfortunately, the water in them is of poor drinking quality. Due to unauthorized cutting down of waterproof forests, the water level in the Oka River has dropped significantly. For this reason, some sections of the river became impossible to use for the passage of ships. The problem of waste disposal. There is a system of specially protected territories on the territory of the region. The structure of which includes: the Oksky Reserve, the Meshchersky Park, the Ryazansky Reserve and other natural objects.
16 slide
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At first glance, this is a quiet and unwise land under a dim sky. But the more you get to know it, the more, almost to the point of pain in your heart, you begin to love this ordinary land. And if I have to defend my country, then somewhere in the depths of my heart I will know that I am also defending this piece of land, which taught me to see and understand the beautiful, no matter how ordinary-looking it may be - this forest pensive land, love for which will not be forgotten, just as the first love is never forgotten Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892-1968) Meshchera region
17 slide
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Paustovsky Path In November 2016, the students of our school took part in the launch of the regional social project "K.G. Paustovsky Path", aimed at familiarizing young people with the literary and artistic heritage of the Ryazan region.
18 slide
Description of the slide:
Ecological problems of our native land We were lucky to be born and live in this land of forest lakes and marshes, quiet and unhurried rivers, endless forests with their mushrooms and berries.
19 slide
Description of the slide:
Ecological problems of the native land Unfortunately, our wonderful land has not escaped environmental problems. A large amount of household waste today is taken out to unorganized landfills, to forests. This is due to the elementary lack of the required number of authorized places for waste disposal and the low level of coverage of the population by organized waste collection systems. In recent years, the number of identified unorganized garbage dumps has increased.
20 slide
Description of the slide:
Ecological problems of the native land Picturesque corners of nature have become a favorite vacation spot. The problem of forest conservation is especially acute in places of mass suburban recreation (lakes near the village of Laskovo). Changes in natural complexes arise from the trampling of undergrowth, compaction of the soil and the destruction of flowering and medicinal plants, pollution of forest lands, which is also a fairly common problem in the Ryazan region.
21 slide
Description of the slide:
Ecological problems of the native land Huge damage to the ecology of the Ryazan region was caused by fires in the summer of 2010. Was Became
22 slide
Description of the slide:
Ecological problems of the native land Not only forests suffered in a terrible ecological disaster, several villages of the Ryazan region burned down, namely the village of Peredeltsy, Laskovsky village, and also a small part of the village of Kriusha.
23 slide
Description of the slide:
Ecological problems of the native land. The negative consequences of a fire are enormous. It destroys trees, grass cover, animals and birds. A forest damaged by fire loses water protection, field protection and other functions. It creates favorable conditions for the mass reproduction of harmful insects and the spread of fungal diseases. On forest fires, a different type of vegetation is formed, which leads to a change in the animal population. The hunting and fishing fauna bears great losses, and by-products of the forest (mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants) perish.
24 slide
Description of the slide:
Ecological problems of the native land. First of all, we need to start fighting not with the consequences, but with the causes of the environmental problem. For this, more attention should be paid to environmental education, especially among adolescents. Students of our school actively participate in various environmental events organized by the Ryazan region. So, during the fire hazard period, the volunteer detachment participates in patrolling recreation areas on the territory of the Urzhinskoye, Segdenskoye and Laskovskoye lakes. During the work, volunteers hand out leaflets and talk to vacationers about compliance with safety rules in forest areas.
MKOU "Soldier's Basic Comprehensive School"
Fatezhsky district, Kursk region
Extracurricular activity on the topic
"Ecology of the native land"
Target: formation of a responsible attitude to the nature of the native land.
Tasks:
- To bring up a careful attitude of students to the nature of their native land;
- To form an ecological culture of students;
- Replenish students' knowledge of ecology;
- Raising a sense of love for one's small homeland and a sense of self-consciousness.
Equipment: Presentations, computer, environmental newspapers, a physical map of Russia, a globe, an exhibition of books, a memo "Rules of conduct in nature", prohibition signs.
The course of the classroom.
Student: Cutting the ice, we change the course of the rivers
We repeat that there is a lot of work,
But, we still come to ask for forgiveness
These rivers, dunes and marshes.
At the gigantic sunrise
At the smallest fry,
As long as you don't feel like thinking about it,
We don't have time for that right now... not yet.
Airfields, piers and platforms,
Forests without birds and lands without water,
Less and less nature
More and more environment.
Teacher: Man is not alone in this world. There is an environment around it. The environment is the water that we drink and of which we are made, this is the air we breathe, this is the soil on which we grow plants, this is the animals that live in nature.
All this existed long before the appearance of man, and with the advent of man, this whole set of objects changed.
The most terrible of catastrophes is man-made, i.e. destruction of man by man. Even at the dawn of the 20th century, V.I. Vernadsky said that humanity is becoming an ecological and even cosmic force. And everyone living on Earth can be convinced of the correctness of these words: humanity shakes the earth, changes its appearance. And nature takes revenge on people for such a victory. Land is not a state, it cannot be divided. It is impossible to separate nature. She lives according to her own laws: birds, fish, animals, insects, winds and waters move across the Earth, as they moved hundreds and even tens of thousands of years ago, without asking permission.
There is a lot of water on Earth, but about 3% is necessary for life - fresh water. But high yields, human life, all living things and much more depend on the abundance of clean, high-quality water. And for this it is necessary to drill wells, deepen wells, dig channels, build expensive purification systems and, despite this, people suffer without water.
(Appendix No. 1 The value of water Babukhina Anastasia.)
Teacher: Forests are the custodians of underground water. The amazing ability of a living tree is to evaporate moisture, 1 hectare of birch forest evaporates 47 thousand liters of water per day.
The role of the World Ocean is great. We call it "limitless", inexhaustible. But today the ocean is powerless against human activity, and not only because millions of tons of oil during transportation cover the water surfaces of the ocean with an iridescent film.
Clean air is becoming scarce on our planet. Taking oxygen for his needs and throwing out huge clouds of carbon dioxide and other gases, man destroys the man in man. In Belarus, thyroid disease in children has increased 100 times due to environmental pollution. After all, you can't put the whole of humanity in gas masks, you can't pass the entire atmosphere through filters and you can't fence off one area from another. The contamination of the atmosphere of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant reached Chita. On the indivisible Earth, the most indivisible thing is the atmosphere, and its pollution is the universal misfortune of mankind. The earth is not only our breadwinner, it is our home, it is the place where we live, relax, and experience the world. This is the secret of the UNIVERSE. The rhythms of our planet are inextricably linked with the rhythm of life of all living things. And if we, people, do not remember the main thing - the biosphere is an integral formation, and we, with our pride and reasonableness, are only a part of it. And if we want to preserve humanity, we must preserve the nature of the Earth.
It is our duty to remember this. Remember and get involved in the work of protecting nature. This work is in the name of humanity and humanity.
Student: Earth, what is it?
The earth gives birth to transparent streams and streams, millions of stems and ears of corn, sends birds into the clouds, animals into the forests. The earth takes into itself all the rains, snows, fogs, shaggy seeds and smooth grains.
Mighty Volga smooth open spaces,
Not knowing the edge of the expanse of the steppes
Forests, fields, valleys, rivers, mountains,
The whole bright face of my homeland.
Our planet is called earth by misunderstanding. Water accounts for 4/5 of the territory, but it is unevenly distributed on the planet. And it is necessary for people, plants, enterprises. But fresh water is getting scarcer.
80% of diseases are associated with the use of poor quality water. The water of rivers, seas, oceans will contain tens of thousands of tons of various harmful salts, toxic substances, oil products.
Teaching: black spots .
The gray-haired ocean rattles the alarm,
He harbors resentment in the depths.
Black spots sway
On a steep, angry wave.
People became strong, like gods,
And the fate of the EARTH is in their hands,
But terrible burns darken
At the globe on the sides,
We have long mastered the planet
The new age is marching on.
There are no white spots on the EARTH,
Black. Will you erase, man?
Teacher: The problems of rational use of the resources of the world's oceans can be solved only if all states cooperate closely.
Seas and oceans, rivers and lakes make up 80% of the land surface. Marine plants enrich the air with oxygen more than land plants. Ocean heat affects the Earth's climate. The ocean is the kitchen of the weather.
Student: I dream of a mute as a stone Earth,
And the sky, naked, without a bird,
And the sea without fish and without a ship, Dry, empty eye sockets,
Teacher: The scale of human impact on nature is constantly increasing.
Where is the exit?
Scientists propose to create non-waste production facilities so as not to dump dirty water into rivers, to build treatment facilities at enterprises.
Student: A cry for help.
And nature is again extremely simple,
That is dressed in colorful feathers ....
It's not her beauty that surprises me,
Her patience is amazing.
And when through the asphalt of the petals five
Breaks after midnight, I do not rejoice in the power of the EARTH.
For me, this is first and foremost a cry for help!
Teacher:"Cleanliness is the key to health." And we are scared to imagine what our planet with its streets and cities would have turned into if we had not taken out the garbage. In 10-15 years, it would cover our planet with a layer 5 meters thick. It is impossible to burn waste, because. while soil, air, water are polluted and a lot of toxic gases are released. Speaking of environmental protection, we should also be aware of the health of our apartments, where we spend most of our lives.
(Annex No. 2 The health of our apartments Igin Nikta.)
Teacher: More expensive than gold, more expensive than silver is the nature surrounding us, and the future of our Earth depends on us!
We are under responsibility
And the whole Earth and the whole country.
The future of our planet EARTH, oceans, fields, seas, lakes, rivers is in our hands.
(Appendix No. 3 Research work. Environmental protection from household waste. Gribanova Marina)
Student: The GROUND OF THE EARTH.
Revolving in space in the circle of its orbit,
Not a year, not two, billions of years,
I'm so tired, my flesh is covered
Scars of wounds, there is no living place.
Torments the pitch of my sick soul,
And poisons poison the waters of clean rivers.
All that I had and have
A person considers his good,
I don't need rockets and shells
But my ore goes to them.
And what does the state of Nevada cost me?
His underground explosions are a series,
Why are people so afraid of each other?
What have you forgotten about your Earth?
'Cause I can die and stay
A charred grain of sand in a smoky haze.
WAKE UP, PEOPLE, CALL COUNTRIES TO SAVE ME FROM DEATH!
Teacher: Attitude towards living things is a continuous contradictory act of consciousness, mind, feelings, will of a person. And only in the human soul there is a place for beauty. A person becomes more moral due to the fact that he is seized by the desire to preserve and protect the environment.
Save Nature wonderful creations
From careless extermination,
Such is the call! This is our law.
But still he achieves little,
As long as there is no striving for consciousness,
Bringing only destruction into nature.
But we are the masters of our Earth.
Correct use found
By knowing the NATURE of our dear.
From time immemorial, nature has faithfully served man.
Today, the joys and wisdom of nature turn into pain, wealth - loss, kindness - harshness. There is such an expression “flowering land”. This is the name of the land where the knowledge, experience of people, their attachment to nature truly work wonders.
While in the forest, on the river, follow the rules of fire safety, do not break bushes, cut down trees, clog the area, ruin anthills, bird nests.
Student: Just take care of this earth
Save the EARTH! Take care!
Butterfly on dodder leaves.
On the path - sun glare,
On the stones of a playing crab.
On the grave, the shadow of the baobab,
The hawk hovering over the field
Crescent above the river expanse,
A swallow flickering in the field!
Take care of the Earth, take care!
Teacher: Guys, now we turn to you. When you are in the forest, fishing, on vacation, in the field, take care of our nature, the nature of our native village.
We will decorate our land, protect it,
Our land will be prettier, flourish.
On vacation (scene)
We came to the river to spend Sunday,
They sit here and they sit there, they rest as they want,
Hundreds of adults and children.
We walked along the bank and found a clearing,
But in a sunny clearing here and there empty jars.
And as if we are evil - even broken glass.
We walked along the bank, found a new place,
But here, before us, they also sat, drank, also ate,
They burned a fire, burned paper, littered and left.
We passed, of course.
"Hey guys!" - shouted Dima, -
Here's a place anywhere
Spring water,
Amazing view, beautiful beach
Unpack your luggage.
We bathed and sunbathed
They burned a fire, played football,
They drank kvass, ate sweets,
They sang songs in a round dance,
And they stayed in the clearing by the extinct fire
Two banks we broke
Two wet donuts
In a word, a mountain of garbage.
We came to the river to spend Monday,
But there is no free place near the river.
And only in the human soul there is a place for beauty.
Nature demands a reward
For precious fruits
And only one thing nature needs
For people to be kind to her
Student: Cry from the heart
I love you big time
But please, listen to me
Don't kill the last bear
Let him walk in the dark depths.
Do not destroy the last swamp
Have mercy on the hunted wolf,
To leave something on Earth.
What hurts in my chest.
Quiz:
What is ecology?
What environmental problems exist in our region, village?
What measures can you suggest to protect the nature of our village?
What measures are being taken to eliminate environmental problems in our village, district?
What rare and protected plants are found in our village, region?
What protected animals of the Kursk region do you know?
What protected animals can be found in the forests of our village?
What are the specially protected areas of the Kursk region?
What can each of us do to improve the ecological condition of our village?
Used Books
1 Encyclopedia "Wikipedia"
2Red Book of the Russian Federation.
3Red Data Book of the Kursk Territory
4 Nature and people M., education 1990