Research work "the history of tea and tea traditions in England" a project in English on the topic. Tea drinking traditions in England: history and modernity Tea project in English

Akmola region

Zharkainsky district

Rostov high school

Subject: The tradition of English tea drinking.

Direction: Historical monuments of Kazakhstan and promising tourist routes.

Sakenova Aigul

Grade 10

Supervisor: Aripova Nailya Sapiollovna, English teacher

Derzhavinsk, 2015

Content

Abstract 3-4

Introduction 5-6

Main part 7

1. History of tea 7

   China 8-10

   England 10-12

   The history of the emergence of the tradition of tea drinking in England 12-14

   Practical part 14-17

4. Conclusion 18-19

References 20

Feedback from the head

Review

Application

annotation

Hypothesis:

Object of study: tea drinking tradition in England.Subject of study: tea.Research methods: 1. Collection of information 2. Research 3. Analysis 4. Survey 5. Processing of statistical data

Results of the work and conclusions: VIIfiveo` clockteaIIVII

In my village, granulated teas are preferred; they are especially popular among people aged 14 to 50. Working people and young people prefer tea bags as they are more convenient to use. Granulated tea varieties are preferred by people of retirement age and those who have a lower income. Green tea is drunk by all age categories, but it is most in demand among people aged 40 to 50 years, because of its healing properties.

Introduction

The purpose of the research project: Explore the tradition of English tea drinking.

Tasks of the research project:

1. When and how did tea appear in England?

2. Research the composition and benefits of tea.

3. Reveal the similarities between English and Kazakh tea drinking.

Results of the work and conclusions: Tea in England is more than just tea. Tea appeared in England in XVIIin. and the traditions of drinking it are observed: the queen and ordinary Englishmen. This particular culture, from brewing to drinking, has many adherents and far beyond the island. Famousfiveo` clockteano longer needs translation. England owes its love to tea to women. First - Catharina of Braganza, Portuguese princess, wife of the English King CharlesII. A big fan of tea, she introduced this drink to the palace aristocracy and made tea drinking a regular ceremony at court. The second is AnnaVII, Duchess of Bedford. She is credited with the invention of "afternoon tea" - the same one that is known in all languages ​​​​of the world as "fife-o-clock".

Area of ​​practical use of the results: Tea can be safely called the most important drink in the world, the number one drink. Perhaps none of the known analogues is able to replace tea for us. According to researchers, at the moment more than two billion people on Earth cannot do without it.The value of tea is also determined by its composition - vitamin and mineral.In my village, granulated teas are preferred; they are especially popular among people aged 14 to 50. Working people and young people prefer tea bags as they are more convenient to use. Granulated tea varieties are preferred by people of retirement age and those who have a lower income. Green tea is drunk by all age categories, but it is most in demand among people aged 40 to 50 years, because of its healing properties.

o`klok'; we follow the sequence of preparation and its serving: first, pour milk (bowl), tea leaves, boiled water, and sugar to taste. We drink tea up to 6 times a day.

kalampyr

I begin my interesting journey to the country of TEA. On the pages of my work, I tried to reflect everything interesting that concerns not only tea traditions, but also told about the history of the spread of tea, about the composition of tea, types, and stopped at medicinal properties. HAVE A GREAT TEA!

3.1 History of tea

Kazakhstan, like England, is a "tea country" and we also drink a lot of tea, but the culture of tea drinking in our country is "lost". Now there is a resurgence of interest in tea drinking. A world without communication brings people together, we do not often gather at home at a large table for lunch, instead of tea, because tea requires comfort. Interest in tea drinking has not been lost even today. Tea is drunk all over the world. And if sometimes countries are divided into “tea” and “coffee”, then this is very conditional. As in traditional tea countries (Kazakhstan, England) there are coffee lovers. So in countries that prefer coffee (USA, Bulgaria, Poland), there are tea lovers. Every hostess brings tea to the table almost every day. But is he good? Does it give pleasure? Or is it only drunk to quench thirst? Preparing a good, fragrant tea drink is not so difficult, but certain skills are needed. When organizing a tea table, men can show their talent. The appearance of tea as a drink is covered with amazing poetic legends. There are still passionate discussions about the origin of the tea bush, its history and acclimatization in different countries. Poems and poems are composed about tea, it was the subject of special ceremonies. In some parts of the world, such as Japan, this custom has been preserved to this day. Initially, tea appeared at the imperial and royal courts, and later became the main drink. The history of its distribution is almost detective. It was the subject of both ordinary and smuggling trade, it was taxed, falsified, even several trials were held against merchants. But at all times people loved and revered tea. Once it was not just drunk, but respectfully “bitten off”.My scientific research work is a kind of excursion to the amazing and fascinating country of TEA.

3.2 CHINA

The drink known to everyone was not always called the way we used to call it now. In the writings of ancient Chinese philosophers, it is mentioned under a variety of names: “tse”, “tou”, “chun”, “ming”, and also “cha”, which translates as “young” leaf. The fact is that the Chinese, obviously, understood that in order to prepare a delicious drink, you need to take the youngest and freshest tea tree leaves. The word "tsai" came from Mongolia, which later began to sound more familiar to the Russian ear. Then it was renamed "tea". The first mention of tea that has come down to us dates back to 770 BC. But the healing properties of the drink were discovered by Emperor Shen Nunu back in 2737-2697. BC. This emperor went down in history by the name of the Divine healer. ATIV – VFor centuries, a unique method of brewing tea from tender young leaves has been discovered. Until that time, only the leaves of wild trees were used to make tea, but soon the Chinese figured out how to cultivate them. Since the beginning it was required for religious purposes, Buddhist monks used tea as a ritual drink. But later it began to be used more often in food. During this period, the "energy drink" was increasingly distributed in the country and even beyond its borders; tea became the subject of exchange for other goods that came to China from nearby countries. Soon the tea trade began to develop rapidly. On the Great Silk Road, he was transported to India. Turkey and other countries of the East.

At the beginningVIIIcentury, the so-called powdered tea gained great popularity in China. It was very expensive and rich people could afford to drink it. Only a little later, a variety of this tea became available to everyone in China. Around 780, a tax on tea was first introduced and became a major source of profit in China. Tea is gaining popularity among the Japanese. Probably at first, as in China, among the Japanese, tea was perceived primarily as a ritual potion of priests and monks.

Several decades passed before the Japanese discovered the healing properties of tea and began to use it as a medicine. The Buddhist monk Saiho spent many years in China, learning the secrets of making and growing tea,

to bring home. During the same period, art came to Korea; thus gradually it conquered the whole East. Meanwhile in China at the beginningImillennia, the production and use of this drink has flourished. In the era of the Song Dynasty, every Chinese, from the emperor to the last beggar, could already afford to drink tea. The taste of the drink became closer and closer to the modern, familiar to us. The fact is that before that, salt was considered an integral component in the preparation of tea, of course, because of this, its taste became completely different.

FROMXI- XIIFor centuries, salt was no longer part of the finished tea. The highest flourishing of tea production and trade reached in 1101-1125, during the reign of the Chinese Emperor Hai Tsung, who became famous as a great lover of tea. We have received information that he even organized special tea tournaments at the court, the participants of which had to learn and evaluate different varieties of tea. In the meantime, perhaps the most important era in the history of tea has come.XV- XVIcentury - the time of great geographical discoveries. European travelers and navigators explored previously unknown countries and continents, discovered new ways to the lands of the East rich in exotic goods. Among these achievements was one, perhaps not so important from the point of view of world history, but extremely interesting for us, since it radically changed the fate of our favorite drink.

In 1516, Portuguese navigators opened a sea route to China, the birthplace of tea. As you know, in the Middle Ages, movement by sea was much faster and more convenient than by land. Now the Europeans (although so far only the Portuguese) had the opportunity to get to China by this short route, which opened up rich opportunities for trade. Thus, tea was brought to Europe. In 1517, the cream of Portuguese society at the royal court could occasionally indulge in this outlandish exotic drink. In 1557, a Portuguese representative office was already opened in China. Around the same time, the first written references to tea began to appear in Europe (although the use was not yet widespread in the Old World). In this information about tea, it was said about the medicinal qualities of tea, and almost nothing was mentioned about the taste and technology of preparing the drink. But tea was regularly brought to Europe only in 1637, that is, almost a hundred years later.

3.3 ENGLAND

Let's start with the English tradition, which is also called European. Oddly enough, but it was this country that was the last in Europe to recognize the taste of tea, and very quickly became the most "tea" country of the Old World. This happened due to the fact that as a result of the economic war with Holland in England, access to goods from the East was closed. Today, the UK is the absolute world leader in tea consumption per capita. The British brought two important innovations to tea culture - tea with milk and five o'clock. The tradition of adding milk to tea is associated with the high price of porcelain - it was assumed that fragile cups could suffer from too hot tea. That is why most Englishmen pour milk into a cup first and only then tea.

The English tea tradition, like the Japanese and Chinese, and any other, is rooted in the thickness of the national culture and is warmly connected with the nature of the English national character. And the traits of this character are quite well known, although our opinion about the British has already largely acquired the status of a worn out cliché. But, however, even beaten stamps have a basis, and therefore the key concept of the English tea tradition is etiquette, and again etiquette is respect. Therefore, any self-respecting (and us, of course) Englishman will never impose on you any one type of tea, even the most excellent one, but will offer you a choice of several different varieties, and even tell you in detail about the features of each of them. The British drink tea at least: 6 times a day: at work, at home, at a party, and depending on a thousand reasons (primarily the time of day), the type of drink will be different each time. The first tea party takes place at 6-7 o'clock in the morning, while still in bed. In our opinion, this is just a whim - like coffee in bed, but the custom of drinking tea in bed, it turns out, is not just a whim, but a practical necessity caused by the weather conditions of this foggy country.

A cup of strong black tea, like nothing else, warms the body and soul and gives energy for the whole day. And the second tea party takes place some time later, at breakfast, when tea is served with traditional oatmeal and scrambled eggs and bacon, in both cases, the English Breakfast blend is used. Such tea is also sold on our Kazakhstani store shelves. Drinking such tea, which is too strong and saturated with caffeine, is best with milk. The third cup is drunk at lunch; this tea, as a rule, is also very strong, but compared to the “English Breakfast”, it is softer, at this time of the day you can drink tea of ​​any kind, etiquette does not provide for any restrictions here. The tradition of drinking tea at 5 p.m. has not been lost even now, although it was invented back inXIXcentury. At this time, tea is drunk, the so-called "English afternoon tea" is drunk with light snacks. Dinner at the Europeans, unlike us, around 7-8 pm, when the Russians had already had dinner. At this time, the British drink fragrant delicious Earl Gray tea with bergamot oil. And the last tea party is made at night, just before bedtime. English etiquette prescribes brewing tea not in cups, but in teapots: only this way allows you to realize all the possibilities of the drink. The process of tea drinking is also organized according to all the rules. While tea is being brewed, guests are offered milk, sugar, lemon, snacks (pieces of refined sugar are served in a vase, and lemon is served in slices on a saucer), and an individual kettle with boiling water is placed on the table in front of each guest so that everyone can dilute the drink according to their personal taste ( or not dilute at all).In addition to brewing tea, the British pay great attention to table setting, tea drinking and all sorts of other subtleties of etiquette, the reason for which is the same features of the national character. England, China, Japan are perhaps the most tea-producing countries in the world, but far from being the only ones. The culture of tea has spread all over the world, and the peculiarities of life, life and customs of different peoples have determined the unique tea traditions and customs of each country.

3.4 The history of the emergence of the tradition of tea drinking in England

fiveo` clockteaII

The second is AnnaVII

And the position of tea was strengthened by Queen Victoria, who immediately after the coronation asked for a cup of tea and a fresh issue of The Times. By the way, the queen’s brilliant pen belongs to the essay “TeaMoralities”, which seriously influenced modern tea etiquette.

teahousesorteagardens

Once upon a time, in England, a cup of tea was possible only in coffee houses, and not in all. Thomas Twining, the founder of the famous tea trading company, was the first to think of this. In 1706, he opened Tom's Coffee House, where tea was served for the first time along with coffee. And specialized tea houses appeared later.

According to the tradition introduced by AnnaVII, tofiveo` clocktea

At five o'clock all England drinks tea.Fiveo` clocktea- one of the most famous English traditions abroad. Traditions must be maintained. There are several places in London where exemplary tea ceremonies are held. For example, in a hotelTheRitzor at the hotelTheBrown` s. We went toTheBrown` s. Here they try to hold tea parties exactly as they were conceived in the 40s.XIXcentury Duchess of Bedford. A dozen varieties of selected tea, heavy cream, cakes, buns, sandwiches, jam and leisurely conversations under the soft sounds of the piano. One "but": ourfiveo` clockteastarted at three o'clock. The general manager of the hotel, Matthew Dixon, admitted that the five o'clock tea, about which so much has been written, is nothing more than a legend. This ceremony was conceived by the English aristocracy solely for the purpose of showing their chosenness. While ordinary people were just walking home from work, looking forward to a hearty dinner (hightea), aristocrats sat down to drink teas with gourmet snacks. But today the old tradition is followed only in Buckingham Palace, and the whole country is happy to drink tea at various times.

The formula “first milk, then tea” is also not the ultimate truth. Residents of Northern England calmly pour milk directly into tea and are confident that their method is the only true one. How to brew the right tea? How many Brits - so many ways. And the most impatient have long since switched to tea bags and feel no remorse.

The only thing that really keeps tea drinking alive is the teamade, an amazing thermos-type contraption with a timer. It is designed for the timely preparation of hot tea right in the ice bed. After all, everyone knows that in the winter in the bedrooms of the British there is a terrible cold. They say that tea in this unit turns out to be tasteless, but traditions are important for the British.

3.5 Practical part

The theme of my research work "The tradition of English tea drinking" is a very relevant topic of today. After all, tea can be safely called the most important drink in the world - the number one drink. I have already told about the observance of tea traditions that are passed down from generation to generation, thereby preserving the culture of my people, on the pages of my research work.

The teachers and students in my school also have a higher preference for tea than other beverages. And I wanted to know what types of tea they like, and for this I decided to conduct a sociological survey. To this end, a questionnaire was developed. A sample questionnaire is in the appendix.

Chart of drinking tea versus coffee

Tea , according to others, is a more popular product than coffee. The data of the survey conducted by me showed that most people in families drink tea for breakfast and consider it more useful than coffee.The value of tea is also determined by its composition - vitamin and mineral. The vitamins contained in it are divided into water-soluble and fat-soluble. The first type includes substances such as thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), pantothenic acid (B3), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), nicotinic acid (PP) and rutin (P). Fat-soluble substances include vitamins A, K and E.Tea - a drink obtained by boiling, brewing or infusing a leaf of a tea bush, which is previously prepared in a special way. Tea is also called the leaf itself, intended for the preparation of this drink.. Leaves are the raw material for making tea.tea bush, which is grown in mass quantities on special plantations. For the growth of this plant, a warm climate with a sufficient amount of moisture that does not stagnate at the roots is necessary. Most tea plantations are located on mountain slopes in areas with a tropical or subtropical climate: inChinaIndia andAfrica, where the largest share of tea is produced (the collection is carried out up to four times a year). Also, tea plantations are located onNorthern border of the territory, i.e. near Georgia and the Krasnodar Territory. But growing tea on these plantations is very unprofitable.Green tea - unoxidized or slightly oxidized tea. The leaves are pre-fixed with steam at a temperature of 170-180 °C; oxidation is either not carried out at all, or lasts no more than two days. Tea is oxidized by 3-12%.
In dry form, it has a green color (from light green to dark green, depending on the manufacturing features), the infusion is of a soft yellowish or greenish color, a “herbal” note is clearly distinguished in the aroma (may be similar to the smell of dry hay), the taste is tart, it can be slightly sweet (but not bitter - only low-quality or improperly brewed, in particular, over-aged green teas, are bitter).Black tea - highly oxidized. The leaves undergo a long oxidation, from two weeks to a month. The leaf is oxidized almost completely (by 80%).
When dry, it is dark brown or almost black in color. Infusion - from orange to dark red. The aroma may have floral or honey notes, the taste is characteristic, tart, not bitter.Oolong (in Russia the name “red tea” is found, in China it is sometimes called “turquoise” or “blue-green”), -oxidationlasts from two to three days, reaching 30-70%. The appearance and characteristics of oolongs are highly dependent on the technology and the specific degree of oxidation, but all oolongs have a very characteristic taste that does not allow them to be confused with any other types of tea.

4.Conclusion

Tea can be safely called the most important drink in the world, the number one drink. Perhaps none of the known analogues is able to replace tea for us. According to researchers, at the moment more than two billion people on earth cannot do without it. But has it always been like this? To answer this question, you need to trace the history of tea from the very beginning, which stretches from the depths of centuries to the present day. Tea, like any antiquity, has its own history, culture, psychology and philosophy. The first mention of tea that has come down to us dates back to 770 BC. But the healing properties of the drink were discovered by Emperor Shen Nunu back in 2737-2697. BC. Until that time, only the leaves of wild trees were used to make tea, but soon the Chinese figured out how to cultivate them. My scientific research work is a kind of excursion to the amazing and fascinating country of TEA.

What could be easier than a cup of tea?Tea in England is more than just tea. The traditions of drinking it are observed by the queen, and ordinary Englishmen. This particular culture, from brewing to drinking, has many adherents and far beyond the island. Famousfiveo` clockteano longer needs to be translated, with the light hand of the queen, love for tea, England owes to women. First - Catharina of Braganza, Portuguese princess, wife of the English King CharlesII. A big fan of tea, she introduced this drink to the palace aristocracy and made tea drinking a regular ceremony at court.

Kazakhs, like the British, love tea. Much attention is paid to the tea ceremony, we also drink tea: between lunch and dinner, i.e. English "fife"o

Since ancient times, the Kazakhs have been kind to the preparation of tea and followed the rules of preparation, so that the tea turned out to be especially tasty and fragrant. To do this, clove seeds were added to tea "kalampyr”and its taste was especially unique, and also for boiling water, saxaul chips were thrown into the samovar, and the tea had a special aroma.

I chose the topic “History of English tea drinking” for a reason, as the English and Kazakhs are united by the love for tea with its long history.

List of used literature

Savelievskikh A.V. "Tea. A book about how to enjoy the taste of real tea, 2005.

Iofina I O. "Tea and coffee: Secrets of choice, purchase and consumption", 2005.

Pokhlebkin. "All about tea", 1989

Domashny Ochag magazine, 2012

Encyclopedia of Healing Tea by Wu Wei Xin.

http://idealdom.biz

http://www.britain4russians.net

http://www.vyazma.name

http://blogs.mk.ru

http://londonmania.ru

Application

Questionnaire

1. Do you like to drink tea?

a) yes

b) no

2. What is your age?

a) 15-18 years old

b) 20-30 years old

c) 30-40 years old

d) 40-50 years old

3. What kind of tea do you prefer?

a) large leaf

b) granulated

c) packaged

d) green

4. Why do you prefer this type of tea

(Underline whatever applicable):

convenient to use

affordable price,

good for health

or else.

Application

Questionnaire

1. Do you like to drink coffee?

a) yes, coffee invigorates me

b) no, coffee contains “caffeine” harmful to the body

2. What is your age?

a) 15-18 years old

b) 20-30 years old

c) 30-40 years old

d) 40-50 years old

3. What kind of coffee do you drink?

a) "Tchibo"

b) "Nescafe"

in) MacCoffee

G) "Jacobs"

d) "Maxwell House"

4. Why do you prefer this particular type of coffee (underline as appropriate):

pleasant taste,

affordable price,

good for my health

or else.

My name is Sakenova Aigul. I am a student of the 10th grade of the Rostov secondary school. The topic of my research project: The tradition of English tea drinking.

The purpose of my research project: Explore the tradition of English tea drinking.Tasks of the research project: 1. When and how did tea appear in England? 2. Research the composition and benefits of tea. 3. Reveal the similarities between English and Kazakh tea drinking.

Hypothesis:

Suppose that at one time, the British would have preferred coffee instead of tea, then this would have been strongly reflected in the political, economic and general way of life of the British.

Tea in England is more than just tea. The traditions of drinking it are observed by the queen, and by ordinary British people. This particular culture, from brewing to drinking, has many adherents and far beyond the island. Famousfiveo` clockteano longer needs to be translated, with the light hand of the queen, love for tea, England owes to women. First - Catharina of Braganza, Portuguese princess, wife of the English King CharlesII. A big fan of tea, she introduced this drink to the palace aristocracy and made tea drinking a regular ceremony at court.

The second is AnnaVII, Duchess of Bedford. She is credited with the invention of "afternoon tea" - the same one that is known in all languages ​​\u200b\u200bof the world as "fife-o-clock". They say that Anna could hardly bear the break between early lunch and late dinner, experiencing "stomach languor." And one day the queen asked to bring tea with cookies to the boudoir. Tea drinking at odd times came in handy and soon became a national tradition.

By 1877, the first fife-o-clock suit appeared, tea houses began to open -teahousesorteagardens. High society tea was by invitation only: a great opportunity for ladies and gentlemen to gossip and make acquaintances. At the height of the summer tea season, the ladies were present at the hostess for no more than 15 minutes and - departed for another fife-o-clock.

Once upon a time, in England, a cup of tea was possible only in coffee houses, and not in all. Thomas Twining, the founder of the famous tea trading company, was the first to think of this. In 1706, he opened Tom's Coffee House, where tea was served for the first time along with coffee.

According to the tradition introduced by AnnaVII, tofiveo` clockteaserved: bread, butter, fresh small cucumbers and tomatoes, hard-boiled eggs, cinnamon toast, macaroons, barley cakes, jam, biscuits, hot buns, crumpets, jellies, sweet and fragrant tarts. Snacks were chosen in a small size so that during tea drinking you could do without cutlery.

The topic of my scientific research work is a very topical topic of today. After all, tea can be safely called the most important drink in the world - the number one drink. I have already told about the observance of tea traditions that are passed down from generation to generation, thereby preserving the culture of my people, on the pages of my research work.

The teachers and students in my school also have a higher preference for tea than other beverages. And I wanted to know what types of tea they like, and for this I decided to conduct a sociological survey. To this end, a questionnaire was developed.

40 people participated in the sociological survey. The results of my work, I designed in the form of diagrams.

As a result of my work, I made the following conclusions.

In my village, granulated teas are preferred; they are especially popular among people aged 14 to 50. Working people and young people prefer tea bags as they are more convenient to use. Granulated tea varieties are preferred by people of retirement age and those who have a lower income. Green tea is consumed by all age categories, but it is most in demand among people aged 40 to 50 years, because of its healing properties.

My experiment. I did an experiment on brewing tea in English. As a result, I found out that the British poured milk first of all, then tea leaves and boiled water, because porcelain cups could crack, and porcelain at that time was considered expensive dishes

Tea can be safely called the most important drink in the world, the number one drink. Perhaps none of the known analogues is able to replace tea for us. According to researchers, at the moment more than two billion people on earth cannot do without it.

Everyday and democratic drink has become so firmly established in the life of a modern person that it is difficult for me to imagine a time when it did not exist.

Kazakhs, like the British, love tea. Much attention is paid to the tea ceremony, we also drink tea: between lunch and dinner, i.e. English "fife"o`klok'; we follow the sequence of preparation and its serving: first, pour milk (bowl), tea leaves, boiled water, and sugar to taste. The Kazakh people, like the British, drink tea up to 6 times a day.

Since ancient times, the Kazakhs have been kind to the preparation of tea and followed the rules of preparation, so that the tea turned out to be especially tasty and fragrant. To do this, clove seeds were added to tea "kalampyr”and its taste was especially unique, and also for boiling water, saxaul chips were thrown into the samovar, and the tea had a special aroma.

I chose the topic “The Tradition of English Tea Drinking” for a reason, as the British and Kazakhs are united by a love for tea with its long history.

This concludes my interesting journey to the country of TEA. On the pages of my work, I tried to reflect everything interesting that concerns not only tea traditions, but also told about the history of the spread of tea, about the composition of tea, types, and stopped at medicinal properties. HAVE A GREAT TEA!

All-Russian competition

research work "Sirius"

"History of tea and tea traditions in England"

Suvorova Irina Ruslanovna

10 years old, 3rd grade

MOU "Secondary School No. 20, Yoshkar-Ola"

Teacher: Gatchenko Alina Valerievna,

English teacher

content

1 Introduction

2.Main information

2.1. History of tea in England

2.2. The features of English tea traditions

3. The methods of the investigation

3.1. Questionnaire

3.2. The experiment of the investigation.

4.Conclusion

Literature

Supplement

1 Introduction

My work is about history of tea and tea traditions in England. What is tea? Different people can answer in different ways. The doctor says that the tea is a cure for many diseases. An ordinary man says that tea is his daily morning drink. English is one of the nations who drink much tea in the world: they drink 120,000,000 cups of tea daily according to the research by UK Tea Council! In modern English, even there is a term of a person who is tea addicted - a tea-aholic.

Englishmen are proud of their traditions. It is a tea-drinking nation. The phrase "English Tea" is associated with quality, aristocratism and society. Practically everyone who will be asked: "What associations do you have talking about England?" will answer, "five o'clock" or "The English breakfast". I am interested in the history of English customs and traditions.I want to increase my knowledge in this area, learn more about the history of tea and the features of English tea traditions.

The aim of the study is to learn the history of tea and the traditions of drinking tea in the England.

The main tasks of my research:
-to find and learn information about the history of English tea

To learn facts about the traditions and customs of the tea party

To learn new English words
-to make a questionnaire and booklet

The object of the study is English tea.

The subject is a culture of tea drinking traditions.

The hypothesis is to suppose that the tradition of tea drinking is important for Englishmen.

Methods of my work are research of information, analysis and questionnaire.

practical result: to make the booklet "Rules of English tea-drinking ceremony". It can be useful for everyday life. The material also can be used at the English lessons.

2.Main information

2.1 History of tea in England

Tea was first discovered in China in 2737 BC by the Emperor Shen Nung. The story goes that he was sitting beneath a tree drinking hot water. As his servant topped up his cup with some boiling water, a leaf from the tree dropped into the water. The Emperor was impressed with the flavor, and thus the world's first cup of tea was brewed.

England in large quantities. Dutch and Portuguese traders were shipping tea from China and a few other Asian countries to Europe regularly by 1610.

Tea was being sold more widely in England by 1657, in London’s existing coffee houses, but it was called Tcha, China Drink, Tay or Tee, and was generally sold as a remedy to cure all ills; from fatigue and lack of virility to overall poor health and diseases of all kinds, and it was expensive. Tea was sold in the mid-1600s for as much as £10 per pound (£22 per kilogram), which is around £2,000 in today’s money. The average British didn't have a £4,000 a year habit at the time. Commoners and servants would be lucky to earn £50 per year back then, so tea was exclusively for the very well off and they would lock it away in tea caddies.

Nonetheless, it was available on almost every street in London by 1659. When Queen Catherine of Braganza, wife of King Charles II, introduced the custom of taking tea to the royal court in 1662 it became more than just addictive, it became fashionable. By the mid-18th century, Canton was exporting nearly 7 million tons of tea to Europe each year; nearly half of it on British owned ships.

Of course, the Crown didn't take long to see the growing popularity of this new luxury good as a source of income. By the 18th century tea imports were being taxed at as much as 119%. The heavy taxation of course leading to smuggling on a massive scale, but also the sale of lower quality, sometimes dangerously adulterated tea. Used tea leaves were often dried and mixed in with new leaves, and plants like liquor ice, sloe and willow were used to ‘bulk up’ the much more expensive tea leaves. This smuggling was largely eliminated after 1784, when the tax on tea was brought down to 12.5%, but adulteration remained a large problem until it was made illegal in 1875.

The word 'tea' can also mean a meal. The concept of'afternoon tea' is said to have originated with Anna Russell, the 7th Duchess of Bedford in the early 19th century. At the time the wealthy and merchant classes might not have their evening meal until 8 p.m. Of course, few people care to go 7 or 8 hours without eating, so the idea of ​​a formal meal in the mid to late afternoon was a popular one. The working classes soon took to calling the main meal they had in the late afternoon ‘tea’ as well.

There are many varieties of tea, from English Breakfast tea, to Earl Gray and the tarry Lapsang Souchong, they all come from the plant Camellia Sinensis, and are simply processed in different ways.

Black tea mixtures are still the most common type drunk in the UK, and it can be a shock for visitors. Black tea, be it from Twinings, Liptons, Tetley or PG Tips, makes a darker brew, because the leaves have been allowed to oxidase before drying. This is why we usually serve it with milk, although it is not uncommon to drink it black or with lemon.

You may still find tea made with loose-leaf tea leaves, served up in a pot, and poured into the best china cups with saucers for visitors, but behind closed doors, it is likely to be served in a mug, and made with a tea bag.

Green tea, made by not allowing the leaves to oxidase as much, thereby producing a more delicate flavor, is also very popular, as it's gained a reputation for being healthy.

Less popular is white tea, made from very young leaves and dried with no processing at all.

2.2. The features of English tea traditions

British afternoon tea ceremony enjoys a long history. Unfortunately, modern busy British people have no time to spend on afternoon tea services nowadays. Typically, afternoon tea is offered between 3 and 5 p.m. Now it has become a custom. They carry out only on special occasions.

The history of the Afternoon tea ceremony in England roots back to the year 1800. Catherine of Braganza had started having a cup of tea with a piece of bread spread with butter. Usually, she enjoyed her Tea with her Royal friends. After that, other high society women followed in her footsteps and started hosting friends and treating them with cups of tea served with butter and bread.

Afternoon tea is known as 'low tea' as well. Since householders have served tea on low tables in their sitting rooms, British people have recognized the ceremony as the Low Tea custom. However, in the USA, it boasts a High Tea Ceremony. It is not because they serve tea late evenings but because they usually serve tea on high tables.

Traditionally, the participants’ afternoon tea ceremony in England, hold cups of tea that have no handles. They lift the cup very slowly balancing it by curving a finger. Wrapping a cup wholly or setting the cup on the palm is treated as uncustomary. Visitors usually use a spoon to stir tea in the cup, but they are careful not to make any sounds by tapping the inner part of the cup with the spoon as they stir the tea. Then they place the spoon on the saucer on its right side. Sip by sip, they place the cup on the saucer. British people more often serve black tea with milk and sugar. Sometimes, they serve tea with lemon slices as well.

Occasionally, a nearby stand holds food. It has many three tiers and visitors customarily serve themselves food from its top to bottom. The first tier contains scon thirdes, second sandwiches and the sweets. Visitors serve themselves sweets only after having the items on the first two tiers.

The English drink tea six times a day, and each time of day has its own variety of tea and tea traditions:

Morning, the earliest tea, drink about six o "clock in the morning, sometimes straight in bed. The habit of "early morning cup" - the early cup of tea before washing and dressing arose from the damp climate of England, famous for its morning mists. English wake up early, at 6-7 o "clock in the morning, and a cup of strong tea is just a need to wake up;

Then the tea is served about eight, at the first light breakfast. The British prefer to drink tea which is called "English Breakfast".

Later, at eleven or twelve, it is time to "lunch". The British cannot have it without tea.

The fourth time the English drink tea is in the middle of the working day, making a short break, which is called "tea break". This tradition exists in our days.

At five o "clock in the evening is the famous "five-o" clock tea". Millions of people, from a humble servant to the Queen, drink tea flavored generously with milk or cream.

Evening after work is the time of "high tea".

The classical tea ceremony is served with traditional meal: thin, triangular or rectangular sandwiches (finger sandwiches) with butter and cucumber, traditional British scones, dry fruits baked right before teatime. At the "high" tea table (high afternoon tea), there is always a large selection of fresh pastries, which is traditionally served in a special bookcase. Assortment of cakes typically includes fruit cake, Victorian Cake (Victoria sponge), chocolate cake, ginger bread, biscuits, baskets of fresh fruit and more.

Today, the British do not have time to dedicate to afternoon tea ceremonies. But they still engage in these happy moments when they celebrate special events in their lives or when they happen to host guests. In most of the countries where people regularly drink cups of tea, they eagerly wait for having one. People in England are also no different.

The traditional way of making English tea.

1. Boil some fresh water into the teapot.

2. Put some hot water into the teapot to make it warm.

3. Pour it away.

4. Put tea leaves into the pot.

5. Pour the boiling water into the tea.

6. Leave for a few minutes.

7.Serve.

How to Set a Table for English Tea

Hosting an English tea party is an elegant way to entertain friends and family. Planning the party and laying out the table are half the fun and with the proper planning, your English tea party will be remembered for a long time. Using proper etiquette in setting your table will display the teas and foods you have prepared and help create an authentic atmosphere for you and your guests to enjoy.

Things you need:

• liquid dish soap
• Soft kitchen towel
• lunch plates
• Teacups and saucers
• Cloth napkins
• Forks
• Sharp knives
• Butter knives
• Waste bowl
• Dessert plates
• Dessert spoons and forks
• Spoons
• Serving dishes
• sugar bowl
• creamer

Prepare the tea set, serving dishes and silverware. Wash them with liquid dish soap and hand-dry well ahead of time using a soft towel to prevent water spots.

Place a plate on the table. Fold a cloth napkin into a rectangle or triangle and place it in the center of the plate.

Place the teacup on the saucer and position it behind and to the right of the plate, with the handle pointing towards the right.

Place your fork to the left side of the plate.

Place a sharp knife on the right side of the plate, with the blade facing in towards the plate. Then place the butter knife next to the sharp knife, blade towards the plate. Finally, place the spoon to the right of the butter knife.

Place a small bowl for waste to the left of the place setting for used tea bags and lemons.

Center a dessert plate above the main plate, toward the center of the table. Lay the dessert spoon and fork horizontally between the dessert plate and the larger plate, with the bowl of the dessert spoon facing left and the tines of the fork facing right.

Repeat Steps 2 through 7 for as many guests as you will have at your table.

Place your teapot, serving dishes, sugar bowl and creamer in the center of the table, where they will be accessible and can be passed around easily.

If you do not own a tea set, check with friends and family to see if you can borrow one. Add decorations, such as flowers in a vase and taper candles in candleholders that complement your table setting. Avoid flowers and candles with overwhelming scents; you want to be able to enjoy the aroma of the tea

3. The methods of the investigation

3.1. The questionnaire

The aim of my study is to find out if the pupils and adults know about tea and the traditions of drinking tea in England.

The main tasks of the study are:

to make questions about traditions of drinking tea in England.

to make a questionnaire among pupils

to analyze the results

to make the conclusions

I've made a questionnaire among fifty people. It was interesting for me to find out what they know about the features of the tea drinking tradition in England. Besides, I wanted to know if they like to drink tea. (Supplements 1)

You can see the questions and the results of the questionnaire. I've made a conclusion that

76% of people can't answer the questions

24% of them can answer them.

90% of people like to drink tea

10% of them don't like tea

26% prefer tea with milk

34% like tea with lemon

30% drink black tea

10% drink green tea

Therefore, most of people like to drink tea but most people know a little about the features of the tea traditions in England.

3.2. The experimental investigation

Tea is traditionally served with lemon or milk.It used to be drunk black without anything in it, but as people became more in a hurry they added milk to drink it more quickly. The addition of milk results in a less astringent, less bitter flavor. Not only does milk cover up the flavor of the tea, it also binds to some of the bitter chemical compounds found in tea.

How Much Milk Should You Add? There is really no set guidelines or suggestions about how much milk you should add to any particular tea. Most tea should not require a lot of milk. In general, begin with a splash or a tablespoon of milk.

There are disputes about how to pour-milk into the tea or to pour tea into the milk. British scientists do not have a consensus. Therefore, I have decided to make an experiment. It is interesting for me to know the taste of such tea.

The experiment 1. I have made tea in a classical way. I tookequal parts of milk and tea. Then I took a glass and poured some tea in it .Then I added some warm milk in a glass with tea.

The experiment 2. I took another glass and poured some warm milk in first. Then I added some tea.

I tasted two variants. The flavor was the same but the second variant of making tea with milk was stronger and had better colour.

So what should you add at first and how much milk should you pour. It is a personal preference.It depends, more than anything, on your personal taste and the type of tea you brew.

The experiment 3. I learned a lot of information about English tea ceremony and I have made a booklet "Rules of tea- drinking ceremony". These rules are:

1. Take a napkin and put on your knees.

2. First of all put sugar, and then a lemon in a tea. Milk and lemon can't be mixed.

3. Serve several snacks: spicy snack, British scones, and then candies and biscuits. Eat them only in such strict order.

4. The teaspoon can "t be held in a cup, place it on a saucer.

5. Don't bulged little finger when a spoon in hands.

Then I have made my own English tea-drinking party at home. I invited my relatives and prepared the tea set, teapot, serving dishes, sugar bowl. Then I made tea in the traditional way and served sweets andbiscuits .We tasted tea with lemon according to all rules of English tea traditions.

4.Conclusion

After my researches, I learned about history of tea and English tea traditions. My hypothesis is right.England respects its unique traditions and does everything to keep them. Britain has always lived a complex life in which traditional values ​​and love of the past exist side by side with desire for change. The tradition of drinking tea has become a symbol of Britain. Tea has become an integral part of life in Britain. A cup of tea is a symbol of comfort, warm links and traditions. Modern life is busier but tea traditions are an important thing for Englishmen. There is also one secret: if you drink tea with your close friends or relatives, it will be more pleasant.

During my work I have got a lot of useful information and I have made booklet about the tea- drinking traditions in England for pupils. (Supplement 2)The booklet consists of several sections: rules of tea-drinking ceremony, how to make English tea, how to serve the table and interesting fact about tea.

I made my own tea ceremony at home using the information from the booklet. My family liked it very much.

Supplement 1

Questionnaire

1. Do you know about tea traditions in England?

2. Do you like to drink tea?

3. What sort of tea do you drink?

Supplement 2

"Rules of tea-drinking"

1. Take a napkin and put on your knees.
2. First, put sugar, and then a lemon in a tea. Milk and lemon can't be mixed.
3. Serve several snacks: spicy snack, British scones, and then candies and biscuits. Eat them only in such strict order.
4. The teaspoon can "t be held in a cup, place it on a saucer.
5. Don't bulged little finger when a spoon in hands.

Literature

1. Ivanova E.A. The book about tea.-Smolensk: Russia, 1996, 226p.
2. Khimunina T. Konon N. Customs, traditions and festivals of Great Britain. Prosvesheniya. 1975
3. http.ru.wikipedia.org
4. englishtea.org.uk/history of tea
5. www.snapguide.com/guides/make-black-tea-with-milk
6. www.blackteaworld.com/british-tea-culture

The research work "Traditions of English and Russian tea drinking" describes the history and culture of tea traditions in England and Russia, and identifies possible common and distinctive features of Russian and English tea drinking.

View document content
"Supplement to the presentation on the topic of the Traditions of English and Russian tea drinking"

Municipalbudgetaryeducational institution

"Semiozerskaya basic comprehensive school»

(research work)

Executor:

Bryukhanov Vladislav,

5th grade student

Supervisor:

Nikiforova Irina Evgenievna,

English teacher,

first qualification category

slide 1 . The traditions of English tea drinking are known all over the world, and England ranks first in the consumption of this product. Having learned about this in English classes, I had questions, the answers to which I found in the course of my research. I want to present you the result of my research work on the topic "Traditions of English and Russian tea drinking"

slide 2 . The purpose of my work

In accordance with this goal, it is proposed to solve the following tasks:

Make a video clip based on the collected material on the topic “Enjoy your English tea!”

The object of my research is English and Russian tea drinking.

Subject of study- Features of the tradition of tea drinking in Russia and England.

In my work, I assumed that if we know the features of the traditions of different nations, this will help us expand our knowledge in the field of culture of the country of the language being studied and join it.

Slide 3. Practical value research is that

firstly, this work will be useful and interesting in that it will allow students to pay attention to the culture of the country of the language being studied, and most importantly, to their own culture.

Secondly , the results and conclusions of my work can be used in English lessons, extracurricular activities and studies of the country study circle.

Thirdly , I would like to note that this material will help increase interest in learning a foreign language and will contribute to broadening one's horizons.

My research was carried out as follows methods:

comparison of the received data;

questioning;

slide 4.

England has always been famous for its traditions. One of the most famous, of course, is the tradition of tea drinking. For several centuries, the classic English tea drinking ceremony and its etiquette have changed only slightly due to the acceleration of the rhythm of life.

Among the various drinks made by people, the most famous and widespread is tea. It is drunk in every corner of the Earth. In terms of popularity, it ranks second in the world after water and is represented on all continents.

(Raise your hand tea lovers? Then you will be interested to know more about it.)

slide 5 . According to one of the legends, tea appeared in China more than 2.5 thousand years ago. The Chinese emperor wished to drink hot water, but suddenly, as if from the sky, a leaf of wild camellia fell into the cup. This wonderful drink, which the ancient emperor really liked, we call "tea" - from the Chinese word "cha", which means "young leaf".

slide 6 . Tea chronology in England most often begins with 1662. In this year, the merchants of the East India Company presented the English king with a gift of two pounds of "Chinese leaf" for his wedding with the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza. Tea became the court drink, completely replacing ale. It is Katerina Bragantskaya who plays one of the key roles in the popularization of tea in England.

Slide 7. (Somebody knowsWho is Thomas Twining? What does it have to do with English tea?) It was through the efforts of Twining that tea became the national drink in the UK.
In 1706, Thomas Twining opens Tom's Coffee House in London. Then the coffee houses were real closed clubs for men, where an exclusively masculine atmosphere reigned.

Slide 8 . But Twining's coffee houses were different: the doors were also open to beautiful ladies who, following the fashion of the time and finding a great way to communicate, created the famous English tea tradition. The coffee shop served not only coffee, but also tea. In 1717, Twining bought an adjoining building and set up a tea shop there. In the same year, the coffee house received a new name - "Golden Lion", which has survived to this day.

In 1837, the first year of Queen Victoria's reign, Twinings received a Royal Warrant as "Permanent Supplier of Her Majesty's Tea". Since then, the company has continued to assert its right to a Royal Warrant from each successive monarch. The continued trust of the Royal Court in Twinings products is a matter of particular pride for the company.

slide9 .

Another significant name in the history of English tea drinking is the Duchess Anna of Bedford.

In the 19th century, the tea history of England begins a new countdown. It was in the 19th century that it became fashionable to drink tea between lunch and dinner. And this tradition began to take shape from the very day when the seventh Duchess Anna of Bedford complained to her doctor about the “discomfort” at the end of the day. At that time, it was customary for the British to take dinner quite late - around 8 pm. Accordingly, the interval between lunch and dinner was about 7 hours. On reflection, the doctor advised the duchess to take light meals during this period of time to improve her well-being. Over time, Anna began to invite friends to her country house with a request to share a meal with her. She and her friends enjoyed spending time in this way, and when she returned to London, she continued this tradition. This is how the tradition started (afternoon tea)

Slide 10 . Let's talk about serving the tea table.

To conduct an English tea ceremony, it is necessary to properly set the tea table. The table is set so that a person can enjoy the tea drinking process as much as possible. The tea table is usually located in the living room, by the fireplace, as a rule, it is a low, round wooden table with bent legs.

It is covered with a beautiful plain white tablecloth, only small patterns are allowed that do not distract attention to themselves, linen is best. The tablecloth can either only cover the table, or hang fifteen centimeters from it. A table with a transparent top can be left uncovered.

There are tea pairs on the table - a cup and saucer, a small teapot with tea or several teapots (if the hosts decide to offer the guest different varieties)

large kettle with boiling water

strainer and strainer stand,

milk jug with milk or cream

a sugar bowl (with white refined or brown sugar cubes) is placed in the middle of the table so that all guests can easily reach it with tongs,

a plate with sliced ​​\u200b\u200blemon slices (placed next to the treat on a separate plate and is not sprinkled with sugar). Be sure to put a special fork for lemon (with two prongs) next to it - a common use device

near each guest, flush with the edge of the table or at a distance of one to two centimeters, put a dessert plate. The knife, fork and spoon are placed on her right hand. To the right, a tea cup is placed on a saucer, and the handle should be turned to the right, and a teaspoon should be placed on the saucer. Closer to the middle of the table, place fruit cutlery

Cups and saucers are placed in front of the hostess of the reception or another woman who will pour tea. The teapot should also stand near the mistress of the tea table and she should prepare tea in the presence of guests.

slide11 . Tea-set .

The classic English tea set has over thirty items.

The porcelain service includes 12 cups and saucers, a jug for milk, a vase for sugar, a vase for jam, a tray for spoons, a teapot, a stand for it, a tin for storage and tea leaves, a jug or kettle for boiling water, a plate for muffins or sandwiches and a lemon bowl.

In contrast to the flattened oriental and pot-bellied Russian teapots, English teaware is dominated by elongated shapes, and the cups stand on a short stem at the base.

It is curious that the idea of ​​attaching a handle to a bowl, and thereby making a now familiar cup out of it, belongs to the British. At the beginning of the 18th century, Chinese porcelain manufacturers, commissioned by the British, began to make cups with a handle. A little later, the finicky British demanded that each cup should have a saucer so that hot drops of tea would not drip onto the knees and tablecloth.

slide 12.

The English tea ceremony developed from the tradition of afternoon tea: "afternoon tea" or "five-o-clock tea".

It all starts with tea! Guests are offered several varieties to choose from five to ten. It is important to note that the mistress of the tea table must prepare tea in the presence of guests.

How English tea is brewed:

Preheat dry kettle.

Then tea is poured into it at the rate of 1 teaspoon per cup of water plus 1 teaspoon "per teapot".

The kettle is immediately poured with boiling water and insisted for 5 minutes.

While the tea is infused, warmed (but not boiled) milk is poured into very hot cups - 2–3 tablespoons each (to taste) and then into milk pour tea. It has been noticed that adding milk to tea spoils the aroma and taste of the drink, and therefore such a mistake is considered as ignorance.

This rule arose out of the fear of the British that fine china cups could be spoiled by hot tea. In addition, when pouring tea into milk, both components mix better.

Sugar became popular in Great Britain almost simultaneously with tea - at the end of the 17th century. Nowadays, tea is served with a vase with white refined sugar in cubes and tongs, which play more of the role of tweezers, as well as teaspoons. After stirring, it is customary to take out a teaspoon and put it next to it on a tray.

The British love tea with lemon, although they themselves call it "Russian tea". Indeed, a fresh slice of lemon goes well with tea, forming a unique combination of acidified taste with a fresh citrus aroma.

Slide 13 In British society, tea drinking is included in the daily routine and has its own characteristics. They drink tea 6 times a day under any circumstances, important and not very important, on solemn occasions and during a casual friendly conversation.

1st and 2nd times: Morning always starts with a cup of strong, caffeinated tea, which is called English Breakfast Tea. First, they drink it to cheer up and wake up, in the time interval between 6-7 in the morning, and then at the first breakfast (around eight in the morning), while adding milk to it.

3rd time: At about noon, the British have lunch. This is the next breakfast, which is also not complete without tea drinking. During lunch, it is customary to drink English Tea No. 1 or English Tea No. 1. This is a combination of Kenyan varieties and Ceylon leaves with the original name "orange peko", which means "top quality". Tea drinking in English is not only the aroma and taste of the vivacity of tea, but also the richness of the table, there are a wide variety of snacks: biscuits, bread, hard-boiled eggs, butter, cinnamon toast, and barley cakes, as well as jam, macaroons, sweet and fragrant tarts, jellies and buns.

4th time: The fourth tea party for the British comes quite late. In the middle of the working day, a break is made, which received the same name tea break or a short break for tea.

5th time: Despite unforeseen circumstances, the world-famous "five-o'clock" arrives at five o'clock. At this time, millions of English people, from humble workers to the Queen herself, drink tea, which is called English Afternoon Tea or “English Afternoon Tea”. This is black tea generously flavored with cream or milk.

6th time: Around 19-20 hours after work comes the time of the so-called "high tea" ("high tea"). This is a fragrant, thick aristocratic drink. During such a tea party, a large number of snacks are served and a feeling of comfort and good mood is created in the house. The best variety for such a pastime is Earl Gray Tea (“Earl Grey”). The British also add a small amount of cream or milk to tea. Before going to bed, the British can drink a mug of tea, following their preferences, but this tea should no longer contain caffeine.

slide14 . Now let's talk about the traditions of Russian tea drinking, but first let's find out

It is reliably known that in 1638, when the Russian ambassador to Mongolia, Vasily Starkov, brought the Mongolian Khan rich gifts from Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Khan received the ambassador well and, in turn, passed through him various gifts for the Russian Tsar. Among the famous Mongolian atlases and furs lay bundles with dry leaves. "What is it?" the boyar asked with resentment, squeamishly pointing at them. “My most precious gift to the Russian Tsar,” the Mongol ruler replied with a smile. The boyar did not want to bother with nondescript bundles, but he did not dare to throw away the mysterious gift. So he brought him to Moscow. At first, the tsar and the boyars did not like the tea very much. It is understandable - before that, in Russia they traditionally drank decoctions of strawberries, lingonberries, oregano, rose hips, currants, St. John's wort, thyme and other local herbs.

Tea began to be used as a medicine, as it was believed that it cleanses the blood and "turns away from sleep." Gradually, however, tea began to enter the life of a Russian person.

slide 15

By the 17th century, tea had become a frequent visitor to royal chambers and boyar houses.

In the 18th century, tea was drunk in noble and wealthy merchant families,

and in the 19th century, tea spread everywhere.

For example, by 1847 there were more than a thousand specialized tea shops in Moscow.

It should be emphasized that for a long time tea was available only to the upper classes due to the high price. After all, tea was exchanged for expensive furs and was subject to a duty. By the way, in the 18th century, tea was 110 times more expensive than caviar. In noble houses, the hostess, as a rule, took care of tea like the apple of her eye and therefore often kept it not in a pantry with other products, but in her own bedroom in special caskets-caddies. Thus, among the people, tea drinking has long remained a symbol of prosperity and wealth, and the familiar expression “to tip” meant a manifestation of special generosity.

slide 16

The first traditions and rituals associated with the use of tea were formed in Russia at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries by the two richest estates of the then Russian society: aristocratic nobles and merchants.

In the nobility was borrowed, with some changes, the British tea tradition: tea was drunk at an immaculately laid table, from a porcelain service, often with milk. Tea was served dry, in a special caddy, and brewed directly at the table. The main content of the tea meeting was communication, tea itself, in fact, played a supporting role. It was in the nobility that the custom first appeared for men to drink tea from glasses of carved glass in coasters, usually silver; with the spread of porcelain, this manner was forgotten, but later revived in the tavern tea drinking of the common people. Then they began to drink tea, mixing it with alcohol, mainly with rum. Rum, like tea, was imported, cost a lot of money and was available to a few.

Merchants created its own tradition of tea drinking, corresponding to the general tendency to flaunt prosperity and well-being. The same manner of drinking tea was characteristic of wealthy landowners. A merchant's tea table is what is first of all presented when it comes to drinking tea "in Russian": a samovar, jam, honey, a variety of pastries, from dryers and bagels to meat pies, drinking tea from a saucer. Merchant tea drinking was long, during which up to several dozen cups of tea were drunk. Repeated brewing of tea and manipulations with several teapots during such tea drinking were inconvenient, so the teapot was usually used alone, the tea was brewed very strongly in it and diluted directly in the cup with boiling water from the samovar. Thus, at the beginning of the 19th century, a tradition of two-tea brewing was formed, which is preserved in Russia to this day.

slide 17. The “tea catering” of tsarist Russia, which developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, also had an impact on tea traditions. In taverns, tea was served “in pairs”, that is, in two teapots: a large one with boiling water, and a small teapot with tea leaves placed on top of it in a special recess. The client himself poured tea leaves into a cup and diluted it with boiling water to the desired strength. The tradition of drinking tea from glasses, which were cheaper and more durable than porcelain cups, revived in taverns. In buffets and cheap eateries, tea was served directly in a glass, which patrons usually demanded to pour as full as possible. According to one version, it was from here that the manner of pouring a full cup of tea to the guest, almost flush with the edges, went.

Slide 18

Russiantea roomin pre-revolutionary times was about the same as the oriental teahouse: they drank tea in it, eating various snacks, talked, and held business meetings. In large tea rooms there were two separate rooms: a tea room, where, in fact, they drank tea, and a “business” one, where scribes and solicitors (low-ranking lawyers) worked part-time, compiling documents, letters, petitions, and giving consultations for a small fee. The tables in the tea room were only common, long, large samovars were put right on the tables. Tea was served to customers in the form of tea leaves, which each tasted with boiling water from a samovar.

Slide 19

In the second half of the 19th century, attempts to follow noble and merchant examples with lesser financial possibilities created a bourgeois tradition of tea drinking. The city dwellers, imitating the nobles, gathered for tea for a conversation, while an attempt was made as close as possible to the merchants in terms of the richness of the table. Since tea was quite expensive, it was brewed weak. In a popular culinary book of the late 19th century, it is recommended to put only one teaspoon of dry tea in a teapot for four people, brew it for a quarter of an hour and pour it into cups, diluted with boiling water, that is, the brewing rate is offered four times less than a typical modern one. Like the richer estates, snacks were always served with tea, but they were cheaper and simpler. In addition to conversations, drinking tea could be accompanied by a "cultural program" in the form of singing songs with a guitar. It is believed that the appearance of such a musical direction as the Russian urban romance, Russian culture owes it to the tea gatherings of the townspeople.

Slide 20 . Let's try to describe the traditional Russian tea drinking. To do this is not as easy as it seems, because over the past 150 years, quite a lot of changes have taken place in the life and life of Russian people.

So, first of all, the tea table is covered with a tablecloth: an elegant festive tablecloth for special occasions, and a simpler one for everyday tea parties. And what's next?

The first and indispensable attribute of the Russian tea table is ... of course, the samovar. A samovar in Russia is more than a piece of kitchen utensils. The samovar is a symbol of comfort, home warmth. It is simply impossible to imagine a traditional Russian tea party without a samovar.

In addition to the samovar, a teapot for tea leaves is placed on the table. They are closer to the place of the hostess, because it is she who should pour tea and treat guests. To keep warm, the teapot is usually covered with special heating pads made of dense material. In the people they are often called "a woman on a teapot." usually black tea is traditionally used

A feature of Russian tea drinking is the so-called “double-tea” tea leaves: tea leaves are poured from a teapot into cups, and then diluted with boiling water from a samovar (or from a kettle with boiling water).

In addition to a samovar and a teapot, a porcelain or faience service is set on the table. There is another way to drink tea, which foreigners consider truly "Russian" - from glasses in glass holders. The glass holder was needed in order not to burn your fingers, because glasses, unlike cups, did not have handles. Expensive glass holders were usually made of silver, while ordinary ones, as a rule, were made of an alloy of copper and nickel.

Next, treats are placed on the table: sockets with jam, plates with thinly sliced ​​lemon, vases with sweets, gingerbread, dryers and other small confectionery products. A freshly baked pie or cake is placed in the middle of the table. The hostess cuts it, as a rule, already on the table, when all the guests are assembled.

slide 21 . General and distinctive features

In the course of my research, I was able to study, analyze and compare English and Russian tea traditions, as a result of which I compiled this table.

(Slide 21-24)

Analyzing the results of the survey, we can conclude that the respondents are not sufficiently aware of the peculiarities of Russian and English tea drinking, despite the fact that almost everyone loves tea and drinks it with pleasure several times a day. Most students do not know how English tea drinking differs from Russian tea drinking, which once again confirms the relevance of the topic I have chosen.

Objective achieved, as we studied and compared the traditions of English and Russian tea drinking.

slide 25.

Conclusion:

Tea is one of the most beloved and popular drinks, both in England and in Russia.

In Russia, tea drinking is, first of all, a form of communication between people; the tea table unites all those present. The main thing in Russian tea drinking is the atmosphere of sincerity and ease, fun, peace and joy, the opportunity to drink tea in a pleasant company. In England, first of all, style is important: how the table is set, how tea is served, how people talk.

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"Presentation for a research paper on the topic of the Tradition of English and Russian tea drinking"

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Semiozerskaya basic comprehensive school" Research work "Traditions of English and Russian tea drinking"

The work was done by a 5th grade student:

Bryukhanov Vladislav

Supervisor: English teacher Nikiforova Irina Evgenievna

Objective - to identify the features of tea drinking traditions in Russia and England, to expand knowledge about the culture and traditions of their country and the country of the language being studied.

Tasks:

• Examine the literature on the research topic.
• Get acquainted with the traditions of Russian and English tea drinking.
• To identify possible common and distinctive features of Russian and English tea drinking.
• Conduct a survey among students, teachers and parents to find out if they know about the peculiarities of tea drinking in Russia and England
• Make a video clip based on the collected material on the topic “Enjoy your English tea!”

Object of study: English and Russian tea drinking

Subject of study: features of tea drinking traditions in Russia and England

Hypothesis: if we know the features of the traditions of different peoples, then this will help us expand our knowledge in the field of culture of the country of the language being studied and join it.

Practical value research:

1. The work will be useful and interesting in that it will allow students to pay attention to the culture of their country and the country of the language being studied

• The results of my work can be used in English lessons, extracurricular activities and studies of the country study circle.
• This material will increase interest in learning a foreign language, will contribute to broadening one's horizons.

The study was carried out as follows methods :

• analysis and systematization of the material;
• comparison of the received data;
• questioning;
• material in the form of a video.

How did tea come about?

"tea" - from the Chinese word "cha", which means "young leaf".

Tea plantations in China

The arrival of tea in England

Tea chronology in England most often begins with 1662.

One of the key roles in the popularization of tea in England belongs to Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza.

Who is Thomas Twining?

Thomas Twining Company Founder Twinings

Tea-set

The porcelain service includes:

• 12 cups with saucers
• milk jug,
• sugar vase,
• vase for jam,
• spoon tray,
• teapot,
• stand for him
• tin can for storage and brewing measures,
• jug or kettle for boiling water,
• plate for cupcakes or sandwiches,
• lemon bowl.

• 1st and 2nd times: The morning starts with a cup of English Breakfast Tea (6-7 am, and for the first breakfast at 8 am).
• 3rd time: At about noon, the British have lunch. During lunch, it is customary to drink English Tea No. 1.
• 4th time: The fourth tea party for the British comes quite late. In the middle of the working day, a break is made, which received the same name tea brea k.
• 5th time: At five o'clock comes the world-famous "five-o'clock". At this time, millions of English people, from humble workers to the Queen herself, drink tea called English Afternoon Tea.
• 6th time: Around 19-20 hours after work comes the time of the so-called "high tea" ("high tea").

• The use of tea in Russia began in the first half of the 17th century, but the exact date of this event also has variations.
• It is authentically known that in 1638 the Mongolian Altan Khan Kuchkun gave four pounds of tea to the Moscow ambassador Vasily Starkov for Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in response to gifts brought by Russian ambassadors.

• By the 17th century, tea had become a frequent visitor to royal chambers and boyar houses.
• In the 18th century, tea was drunk in noble and wealthy merchant families. In the 18th century, tea was 110 times more expensive than caviar. In noble houses, the hostess cherished tea like the apple of her eye and therefore often kept it not in a pantry with other products, but in her own bedroom in special caskets-caddies.
• in the 19th century, tea spread everywhere. For example, by 1847 there were more than a thousand specialized tea shops in Moscow.
• among the people, tea drinking has long remained a symbol of prosperity and wealth, and the familiar expression “tip” meant a manifestation of special generosity.

Origin of Russian tea traditions

In the nobility

In a merchant environment

• "Tea public catering" of tsarist Russia, at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century
• In buffets and cheap eateries, tea was served directly in a glass, which patrons usually demanded to pour as full as possible.
• According to one version, it was from here that the manner of pouring a full cup of tea to the guest, almost flush with the edges, went.

Russian tea house in pre-revolutionary times

Tea was served to customers in the form of tea leaves, which each tasted with boiling water from a samovar.

• In a popular cookbook of the late 19th century, it is recommended to put only one teaspoon of dry tea in a teapot for four people, brew it for a quarter of an hour and pour it into cups, diluting it with boiling water.
• In addition to conversations, drinking tea could be accompanied by a "cultural program" in the form of singing songs with a guitar. The appearance of the musical direction - the Russian urban romance - is due to the tea gatherings of the townspeople.

Russian and English tea drinking.

there was tea?

England

Russia

originally

used tea?

traditional tea

Respondents' response

Like a drink

What kind of tea is called tea in Russian, and what kind of tea in English?

Several types of tea to choose from

Like a drug

in the 16th century - 43%, in the 17th century. - fourteen%

in England in the 17th century. – 38%

Black tea

With milk

In Russia 100% - black

In England 44% - multiple varieties

With lemon

In Russia 57% - with milk

In England 48% - with milk

General and distinctive features

Russian and English tea drinking.

England

Tea brewing methods.

Russia

Tea is poured into a dry, heated teapot at the rate of 1 tsp. per cup plus 1 tsp. on the teapot. The tea of ​​your choice will be brewed in an individual teapot.

Traditional

snacks for tea

Respondents' response

Double-tea brewing: tea is brewed in a small teapot much stronger than it is drunk

Milk, sugar, lemon, ham sandwiches, muffins, gingerbread, oatmeal cookies, fruit baskets

Number of cups of tea per day

91% do not know the recipe for English tea.

Milk, cream, lemon, jam, crackers, pretzels, bagels, small cookies, pies, cakes.

2-3 cups - 43%

4-5 cups - 38%

over 5 cups - 19%

General and distinctive features

Russian and English tea drinking.

England

Table setting

Russia

Classic china service, milk jug, sugar vase, jam vase, spoon tray, teapot, jug or kettle for boiling water, cupcake or sandwich plate and lemon plate.

Mode of use

Respondents' response

Teapot, samovar and tray for it, cups and saucers

Traditionally, tea in England is drunk 6-7 times a day: at breakfast, at lunch, in between, during the day and at 5 pm.

What is important in tea drinking?

Usually they drink tea, usually after a meal, and sometimes separately from it.

Style: how the table is laid, how tea is served, how people talk, the decor of the house as a whole is also important.

Communication of people, the tea table unites all those present.

In Russia, 61% - communication

In England 58% - style

• Tea is one of the most beloved and popular drinks both in England and in Russia.
• In Russia, tea drinking is primarily a form of communication between people; a tea table unites all those present. The main thing in Russian tea drinking is the atmosphere of sincerity and ease, fun, peace and joy, the opportunity to drink tea in a pleasant company. In England, style is the most important thing: the way the table is set, the way tea is served, the way people talk.
• Tea drinking traditions in Russia and England have their own history and unique features.
• Tea drinking traditions in England and Russia are basically different.

England has been famous for its extraordinary traditions for centuries. One of the most famous, of course, is the tradition of tea drinking. For several centuries, the classic English tea drinking ceremony and its etiquette have changed only slightly due to the acceleration of the rhythm of life.

The traditions of English tea drinking are known all over the world, and England ranks first in the consumption of this product. Having learned about this in English lessons, we had the following questions:

1. Why is England considered the most "tea" country?

2. What is tea drinking for Englishmen and Russians?

3. What is the recipe for English tea?

All this influenced the choice of the topic of our study "Tea in England - more than tea". The choice of this topic is justified by its relevance, the relationship between the English and tea has grown into a centuries-old tradition, which is reflected in the culture of England, whose language we are studying. It is impossible to get a complete picture of the country of the language being studied without knowing its traditions, the most striking of which is the tradition of English tea drinking. What is the difference between English and Russian tea drinking? Our research aims to find an answer to this question.

The object of the study is English and Russian tea drinking

The subject of the research is the search for differences between Russian and English tea drinking.

Hypotheses 1. The tea ceremony in England is different from the Russian tea ceremony

2. The culture and character of the people are revealed through their traditions.

The goal is to explore the traditions of tea drinking in England and compare it with the traditions of Russian tea drinking;

In accordance with this goal, the following tasks are supposed to be solved in the work:

Examine the literature on the research topic.

Get acquainted with the ritual of English tea drinking.

Get acquainted with the tradition of Russian tea drinking.

Analyze and classify the collected speech material.

To identify possible common and distinctive features of Russian and English tea drinking.

Conduct a survey

To conclude

The novelty of the research work lies in the fact that a little-studied topic has been chosen as the subject of the research.

The practical value of the research lies in the use of research materials directly in the process of teaching English. Firstly, the work will be useful and interesting in that it will allow students to pay attention to the culture of the country of the language being studied. Secondly, we recommend using the results and conclusions of our work in English lessons, class hours and extracurricular activities. Thirdly, we want to note that this material will help increase interest in learning a foreign language, will help broaden one's horizons.

The study was carried out by the following methods:

Analysis and systematization of the material;

comparison of the received data;

questioning;

use of Internet resources;

consultations (with museum staff, English teachers);

translation;

generalization;

correspondence.

We found a lot of information about the traditions of English and Russian tea drinking in books and on the Internet. (Appendix 1F.1-2)

In How to be British, Hungarian journalist George Mikes

advised: “You should never refuse a cup of tea under the following circumstances: if you want tea, if you don’t really want tea, but you could if you haven’t had tea for a long time; if you have just intercepted a cup.

"The Book of Tea" by Yevgeny Akimovich Ivanov introduced us to the main traditions of Russian tea drinking.

And after reading the book by Kovalev Nikolai Ivanovich "Stories about Russian Cuisine" we learned interesting information about the design of the table for tea drinking.

From the article "What do Americans think of the British" in the newspaper for English learners "SchoolEnglish" we learned that English tea drinking is a peculiar way of communication.

We talked with the employees of the Yaransk Museum of Local Lore (Appendix 1F.3), with the librarian of the school library Minina Elena Andreevna. (Appendix 1F.4)

We learned a lot of new and interesting things about English tea drinking from correspondence with Irina Parsons, a resident of London (Appendix 1F.5), whom we met during our first study. She wrote to us that the average Englishman drinks tea up to seven times a day: under all circumstances, important and not so, on solemn occasions and during casual friendly conversation.

A survey was conducted among classmates and the population of the city of Yaransk (Appendix 1F.6). Having got acquainted with the literature, we were convinced that the topic chosen by us for research is very interesting and relevant.

Main part

Work plan and research methods

Tasks	Methods	Timing
1. Find out the role of tea drinking in our lives	Reading and analysis of books, magazines. Internet.	May-September 2014
	Reading and analysis of books. Search and collection of information. Internet. Correspondence.	August-September 2014
3. Explore the traditions of Russian tea drinking	Interview. Correspondence. The study of literature. Visit to the Yaransk Museum of Local Lore. Interview with a museum employee.	August-September 2014
4. Identify common and distinctive features of Russian and English tea drinking	Comparison, comparison, analysis and generalization of materials. Compiling a table.	December - January 2015
5. Find out from the respondents what they know about tea drinking in England and Russia.	Questioning. Survey analysis	November - December 2014
6. Prepare English tea.		January 2015

The role of tea drinking in our life.

It is difficult to imagine a person who has not drunk tea at least once in his life. For most people in the world, tea is the most important and basic drink. We greet the morning with a cup of tea, people come to visit for tea, any feast will certainly end with tea drinking. Gathered on a hike, take tea with you. Sick - again tea. Everything starts with tea and everything ends with tea.

It is not for nothing that folk wisdom expresses its attitude to tea in many proverbs and sayings: “Tea is a pharmacy in a glass”, “Drink tea - strength will increase”, “Do not drink tea, it does not live like that in the world”, “There is no dashing from tea” To to verify this, we talked with our school paramedic Yeruslanova Elena Veniaminovna. (Appendix 1F.7) She told us that tea has a complex positive effect on the body, heals it, and does it gently and gradually. Tea improves mood, attention and efficiency, helps to increase blood circulation in the brain and supply it with oxygen.
Folk wisdom also says: “Tea is a long conversation of kind people”, “Where there is tea, there is paradise under the spruce”, “If they treat tea, it means they respect it”, “Come, we will put a samovar, and if you leave, we will drink tea”.
Tea drinking is a very kind and warm word. In many homes, it is believed that when guests arrive, it is necessary to give them tea. When friends gather, tea is again indispensable. After drinking tea, the general condition and mood improve. You can’t say bad things over tea, it cannot awaken evil, and, on the contrary, it tunes the soul to its best manifestations. People become more benevolent and peaceful. In some countries, tea drinking is a real ceremony. In English lessons, we learned that the English are very fond of drinking tea. England is the most tea country in the world. And in order to better understand the culture of the language being studied, we studied one of the traditions of this country.

Tea drinking traditions in England

England is the only country in Europe that has developed its own unique tradition of tea drinking. The phrase "English tea" is associated with quality, aristocracy and high society. England is a country with a rich history and centuries-old traditions. Tea in England is more than tea. And as the English joke, it's easier to imagine England without a queen than without tea. The traditions of drinking it are observed by both the queen and ordinary Britons.

One of the first mentions of tea in English culture dates back to 1597. Historians have discovered an English translation of the travel notes of a Dutch traveler, which first mentions the name of tea and how it was brewed in China.
In 1657 in England, the coffee trading house of Harvey opened a permanent tea trade in London.

From the correspondence, we learned that the British are one of the most tea-consuming nations in the world. The cult of tea dominates almost every English family, and tea drinking is still one of the most characteristic national traditions of the British. English tea drinking is a peculiar way of communication.

After reading the magazine "Speak Out" we learned that for the British tea has the same huge role as the code of the samurai for the Japanese. Tea is always present in every home, in addition, in any home you will find several varieties of tea. In British society, tea drinking is included in the daily routine and has its own characteristics. They drink tea 6 times a day under any circumstances, important and not very important, on solemn occasions and during a casual friendly conversation.

1st and 2nd times: The morning always starts with a cup of strong, caffeinated tea, which is called English Breakfast Tea or "English Breakfast". First, they drink it to cheer up and wake up, in the time interval between 6-7 in the morning, and then at the first breakfast (around eight in the morning), while adding milk to it.

3rd time: Around noon, the British have lunch. This is the next breakfast, which is also not complete without tea drinking. During lunch, it is customary to drink English Tea No. 1 or English Tea No. 1. This is a combination of Kenyan varieties and Ceylon leaves with the original name "orange peko", which means "top quality". Tea drinking in English is not only the aroma and taste of the vivacity of tea, but also the richness of the table, there are a wide variety of snacks: biscuits, bread, hard-boiled eggs, butter, cinnamon toast, and barley cakes, as well as jam, macaroons, sweet and fragrant tarts, jellies and buns.

4th time: The fourth tea party for the British comes quite late. In the middle of the working day, a break is made, which received the same name tea break or a short break for tea.

5th time: Despite unforeseen circumstances, the world-famous "five-o'clock" arrives at five o'clock. At this time, millions of English people, from humble workers to the Queen herself, drink tea, which is called English Afternoon Tea or “English Afternoon Tea”. This is black tea generously flavored with cream or milk.

6th time: About 19-20 hours after work comes the time for the so-called "high tea" ("high tea"). This is a fragrant, thick aristocratic drink. During such a tea party, a large number of snacks are served and a feeling of comfort and good mood is created in the house. The best variety for such a pastime is Earl Gray Tea (“Earl Grey”). The British also add a small amount of cream or milk to tea. Before going to bed, the British can drink a mug of tea, following their preferences, but this tea should no longer contain caffeine.

So, let's try to describe the traditional English tea party. The table is covered with a tablecloth, usually white or bluish. Napkins according to the rules should be in tone with the tablecloth. In addition, a small vase with fresh flowers should be on the table. As for the dishes, the tea table set includes: a tea pair, a dessert plate, a teaspoon, a fork and a knife for each guest, a teapot, a jug of boiling water, a milk jug with milk or cream, a strainer with a stand, and a sugar bowl with refined sugar and tongs. It is very important that all the dishes come from the same service, usually porcelain. It is interesting to note that, in contrast to Russian "pot-bellied" cups and teapots, English tea utensils are dominated by elongated shapes.

Probably, many people know that the traditional English tea is "white tea", that is, tea with milk or cream. Milk is an indispensable participant in tea drinking in English. Traditionally, it is believed that milk should be poured into the cup first and only then tea. The fact is that under the influence of boiling water a thin cup could easily crack, and pleasure is

it was very cheap. To avoid such trouble, milk was first poured into the cup, and only then tea was added. Typical English snacks for tea are traditional pastries, thin triangular, sandwiches and other sweets. You can't do without a cup of excellent tea in damp cold England.

Traditions of Russian tea drinking.

But what about tea drinking in Russia? Having visited the Yaransk Museum of Local Lore and talked with the museum employee Elena Vasilievna Tolstoguzova, we got acquainted with the history and traditions of Russian tea drinking. She told us that for the first time the existence of tea in Russia was known in 1638, when the Russian ambassador to Mongolia, Vasily Starkov, brought the Mongolian Khan rich gifts from Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Khan received the ambassador well and, in turn, passed through him various gifts for the Russian Tsar. Among the famous Mongolian atlases and furs lay bundles with dry leaves. "What is it?" the boyar asked with resentment, squeamishly pointing at them. “My most precious gift to the Russian Tsar,” the Mongol ruler replied with a smile. The boyar did not want to bother with nondescript bundles, but he did not dare to throw away the mysterious gift. So he brought him to Moscow. Having tried an unknown “potion” from a distant country, the king wiped his beard with a brocade sleeve and ordered: “More!” So tea appeared in Russia.

In the beginning, tea was used mainly as a medicine, as it was believed that it cleanses the blood and "turns away sleep." Milk, cream, bagels, crushed sugar were offered for tea - the custom of drinking tea with sugar in a bite came from Siberia.

Under the quiet noise of a boiling samovar, a leisurely cordial conversation was going on. And since then there are some "tea traditions":

1. Russian samovar tea drinking is ideally held outdoors.

2. Sugar and lemon must be served with tea, everyone adds them to tea according to their own taste.

3. Tea is drunk from cups and saucers. Drinking tea from saucers is allowed but not recommended.

4. If children are invited to tea, then ideally a separate table should be served for them.

5. Russian tea drinking is accompanied by plentiful snacks. In principle, from the tea table, each participant in the tea party should get up full. By the way, this is another distinctive feature of the Russian tea ceremony. Ideally, there should be four types of snacks on the table. Firstly, hearty snacks (pies with meat and fish, with cabbage, bagels, pancakes with hearty fillings). Secondly, light snacks (slightly salted fish, cheeses, cold cuts, butter and bread). Thirdly, sweet snacks (any sweet pastries, chocolate, jam, honey and nuts, pancakes with sweet fillings). And finally, fourthly, fresh snacks (fruits and berries, fresh or canned).

6. Tea additives can be served at the table, which can change its aroma and taste at the discretion of each guest.

7. The main thing in Russian tea drinking is conversation.

General and distinctive features of Russian and English tea drinking.

In the course of our research, we were able to study, analyze and compare English and Russian tea traditions on the basis of journalistic, linguistic and regional studies, scientific and fiction literature, English magazines, correspondence, the Internet, the Yaran Museum of Local Lore, and we compiled this table. (Appendix 2 T.1)

	ENGLAND	RUSSIA
1. When there was tea?	1658	1638
2. Why originally used tea?	Like a drink	Like medicinal means
3. Traditional tea	Several types of tea to choose from	Black tea
4.When appropriate tea party	At tea parties, when receiving guests	During a conversation
4 Traditional snacks for tea	Milk, sugar, lemon, sandwiches	Milk, cream, lemon, jam,
5.Serving table	12 oblong cups with saucers, a milk jug, a sugar bowl, a jam bowl, a spoon tray, a teapot, a jug or kettle for boiling water, a plate for muffins or sandwiches and a plate for lemon.	A teapot (an elongated shape), a samovar and a tray for it, cups and saucers.
6. Number of cups of tea per day	4-5 cups	6-7 cups

Conclusion: Tea appeared in Russia earlier than in England Tea is one of the most beloved and popular drinks both in England and in Russia. To date, the British are rightfully considered the biggest tea lovers in Europe. So, in Russia, tea drinking is primarily a form of communication between people, a tea table unites all those present. The main thing in Russian tea drinking is the atmosphere of sincerity and ease, fun, peace and joy, the opportunity to drink tea in a pleasant company. In England style is the most important thing: the way the table is set, the way tea is served, the way people talk, the decor of the house as a whole is also important. The main thing in English tea drinking is to make a good impression, to show that the house is respected and decent. The most famous five o'clock tea party is sacred to the British - from the Queen to the minor servants. Thus, despite the fact that tea drinking is drinking tea, tea drinking traditions in Russia and England have their own history and their own unique features.

Experiment

So we decided to prepare the Product. (Appendix 4). They brewed tea strictly according to the recipe, which they learned from correspondence with Irina Parsons. Prepared products: Tea - 1 teaspoon. Milk - 1/4 cup. Sugar - to taste. Water - 1/2 cup. Rinse the kettle with boiling water to warm it up. They poured tea into it at the rate of a cup of boiling water - one teaspoon of dry tea. Pour boiling water over and let it brew for 5 minutes. At the time when the tea leaves were being prepared, we poured 1/4 cup of milk, then added tea there. This sequence had to be strictly adhered to. (Appendix 1 f.8-13) Fragrant tea is ready!

Conclusion

The purpose of this work - to explore the traditions of tea drinking in England and compare with the traditions of Russian tea drinking, has been achieved. In the process of working on this topic, I got great pleasure from talking with the residents of the city, reading English magazines, and conducting an experiment.

Together with the leaders, we solved all the tasks that we set at the beginning of the work and achieved the goal - we studied the traditions of tea drinking in England and compared the studies with the traditions of Russian tea drinking.

The tea ceremony in England is different from the Russian tea ceremony. The culture and character of the people are revealed through their traditions. The first and second hypotheses were fully confirmed. Indeed, in the modern world, where education plays an important role, additional knowledge of the culture of the country of the language being studied will help us to better understand this country. The study of traditions instills in us curiosity about the history of our own country, and a comparison of the traditions of the two countries of England and Russia contributes to understanding the culture of these countries. An understanding of the mores of both countries entails in the future the improvement of international relations.

In the course of work, we learned a lot of interesting things. We learned how to make English tea.

Based on the results obtained, we have compiled a booklet that presents the distinctive characteristics of Russian and English tea drinking, a recipe for making English tea.

The practical significance of the study: this material of our study can be used in English lessons, during class hours.

I express my deep gratitude to all those who participated in our study and to my supervisors.

"Traditions of tea drinking « tea drinking traditions in Russia and England: comparative analysis experience" in Russia and England: the experience of comparative analysis”

MBOU Temnikovskaya secondary school №1

Head: Neyaskina A.I.

English teacher

Temnikov 2016

• Relevance The work consists in comparing the traditions of tea drinking in Russia and England, the results of which will be reflected in the developed booklets. For me, the topic of tea drinking is very interesting, so I want to expand my knowledge in this area, learn more about the peculiarities of the traditions of Russian and English tea drinking.
• Research hypothesis : suppose the traditions Tea parties in Russia and England are different.

• Object of study- tea drinking traditions

Russia and England.

• Subject of study- the culture of tea drinking in Russia and England.

Objective:

Explore the traditions of tea drinking in Russia and England.

Research objectives:

• to study the material on the research topic;
• analyze and describe history and

tea drinking traditions in Russia and England;

• compare the features of the traditions of Russian and

English tea party;

• prepare and conduct surveys among

students of MBOU secondary school No. 1;

• compose a booklet dedicated to the features

tea drinking traditions in Russia and England

From the history of Russian tea

• Originally Russian are forest teas,
• prepared from various berries and herbs: wild rose,
• strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, stone fruits, cloudberries,
• linden, St. John's wort and other plants. taste, color and
• aroma they are not inferior to traditional teas of higher
• varieties. They do not have caffeine, but a lot of vitamins,
• microelements and other useful substances.

Traditions of tea drinking in Russia.

In Russia, they got acquainted with tea in

1638: the first four pounds of tea

presented to the Moscow ambassador

Vasily Starkov for the Tsar

Mikhail Fedorovich Mongolian

Altan Khan Kuchkun, in response to gifts,

brought by Russian ambassadors.

In 1679 he was imprisoned

agreement with China on

regular deliveries

At the end of the 17th century, brewing stations appeared in Muscovy.

teapots, and a little later, samovars .

The use of tea in Russia has been constantly growing.

• By the 19th century, tea was already drunk by all classes. The nobility could afford higher. The use of tea in Russia was constantly growing varieties of Chinese tea, expensive and rare, or flavored tea imported from Europe. The merchants preferred teas that were not so expensive, but gave a dark infusion, which they drank in large quantities, brewing weaker than in the nobility. The common people drank the cheapest and low-grade tea.

Features of the etiquette of drinking tea

Tea in Russia since the beginning of the 19th century. they drank using a samovar for boiling water, and a porcelain or faience teapot for tea leaves.

Unusual Russian tea recipes

• BLACKCURRANT TEA

Two handfuls of fresh berries with blackcurrant leaves should be poured with boiling water in a large teapot and insisted for three minutes. Mix the resulting infusion with regular tea in any proportion - as you like.

• honey tea Take 30 g of honey and 30 g of milk, pour 1 cup of strong tea, mix everything well and cool.

• Rosehip and raisin tea

Take 1 tablespoon of pure raisins and pour 0.5 liters of it. water, bring to a boil, cool, filter and add rosehip infusion.

• The earliest, morning tea or early morning cup, drink about six o'clock in the morning, sometimes right in bed. Tea is accompanied breakfast (first breakfast), more dense (from 7 up to 9 hours). Further during lunch (lunch) or second breakfast (about 12 hours) be sure to drink a nice cup of tea. In the middle of the working day, as a rule, there is a break for tea or tea break. Followed by the famous English “5 o'clock tea”, which traditionally arranged between 17 and 18 hours. And finally, in the evening, after work, the British gather for dinner with their families and drink the so-called high tea or "high tea", which allows you to relax after a busy day and immerse yourself in an atmosphere of warmth and comfort

National English tea

• English spiced tea

In a glass of hot tea brewed in the usual way, several

four pieces of cinnamon, a teaspoon of cloves are infused for minutes

and three teaspoons of grated lemon zest.

Such tea, especially with sugar, is very good for long winter

in the evenings.

• "Squeeze Tea" (from Queen Victoria)

Squeeze a little juice from a slice into freshly brewed black tea.

lemon. The resulting tea has a bright aroma and a slight aftertaste of lemon.

• With Lemon Flavor .

Queen Victoria fell in love with this tea after learning about

him from the reigning House of Romanov through his daughter in St.

Petersburg. Sometimes she ordered to serve her "tea with pomace"

(Tea with a Twist), in which lemon juice and lemon juice were added

crust.

Student survey results

number of participants: 28

Don't know: 86% Know: 14%

Question

know

When did tea first come to Russia?

When did tea first come to England?

Don't know

What is important in Russian tea drinking?

What is important in English tea drinking?

What tea is called tea in Russian?

What tea is called tea in English?

What kind of tea is traditionally served at the table in Russia?

What tea is traditionally served at the table in England?

In which country do they drink tea from glasses in a cup holder?

What time is the traditional English tea party?

How many cups of tea do the British drink daily?

CONCLUSIONS:

1. The hypothesis was confirmed: The traditions of tea drinking in Russia and England have many differences: from the meaning that peoples traditionally put into the process of tea drinking to table setting and traditional treats.

2. Students of our school know little about the peculiarities of the tradition of tea drinking in Russia and England.

3. Creating a booklet that contains information about the history and features of the tradition of tea drinking in Russia and England will help expand knowledge about tea drinking

about tea in verse...

It was getting dark. On the table, shining

The evening samovar hissed,

heating chinese teapot

A light steam swirled under him ...

(A. Pushkin)

Deaf longing for no reason

And doom is a haunting frenzy.

Let's prick the torch -

Let's inflate our samovar!

For loyalty to the old order,

To live slowly!

Perhaps, and steam out the torment

Soul sipping tea!

(A. Blok)

• List of information sources
• Vlasova, I. V. Russians: history and ethnography / V. A. Tishkov. – M.: Olimp, 2008, 315s.
• Tea book. Ser. "ABC of life" / ed. E. A. Ivanova. - Smolensk: Rusich, 1996, 226 p.
• Kovalev, N. I. Stories about Russian cuisine. - M.: Economics, 1984, 394 p.
• Culinary traditions of the world./ed. M. Aksenova, E. Ananyeva. –M.: Avanta+, 2008, 432 p.
• Orwell, J. "1984" and essays from various years. - M.: Progress, 1989, 209 p.
• Pokhlebkin, VV Culinary Dictionary. – M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 1999, 485 p.
• Pokhlebkin, V. V. Chai. – M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2002, 194 p.
• Dictionary of Russian proverbs and sayings / comp. V. P. Zhukov. - 4th ed. – M.: Russian language, 1991, 411 p.
• All about tea [Electronic resource. Address: www.tea.ru ]
• Magazine "Gastronom" [Electronic resource. Address: www.gasronom.ru ]
• Hilltop [Electronic resource. Address: www.hilltop.ru ]

Thank you for your attention!