Research project on ecology "we are for a clean city". Ecology projects

Environmental project

Children age 6 years

Number of children - 10

Compiled by:

Lopaeva Tatyana Yurievna

Educator 1 to k.

Lobva

2014

Environmental project «!»

Lopaeva T.Yu.educator, 1KK

Sections:

1. Relevance of the project

2. Goals and objectives

3. Stages of implementation

4.Expected results

5. Application

PROJECT PASSPORT

Project type:

By content: child and conservation

Project participants: children - teachers - parents

By number of participants: collective

short

Problem:

Hypothesis:

1. Relevance of the problem

Every day, during a walk, preschoolers take part in cleaning the territory of their site and every time they have questions: where does so much garbage come from? Where is the garbage taken? etc. To answer these childish questions and try to solve the “garbage problem”, we have developedproject "We are friends with nature, we do not need garbage!".

2. Purpose of the project:

Project objectives:

3. Stages of project implementation

Stage 1 - preparatory

2. Drawing up a long-term plan of project activities“We are friends with nature, we don’t need garbage!”on the formation of environmental education;

Stage 2 - organizational

5. 6.

cognitive reading;

issue of an ecological newspaper;

Stage 4 - final

4. Expected results

5. APP

Attachment 1.

Questionnaire for parents.

Appendix 2

« We are friends with nature, we do not need garbage!»

Events

Performers

Excursions through the streets of the village. Familiarization with the properties of paper. Experimental activity "Making new paper"

teacher, children

Parents, children, parents

teacher, children

Educator, children, parents

teacher, children

11.

teacher, children

12.

"New life of unnecessary things"

Educator, children, parents

13.

teacher, children

14.

Educator, children, parents

Appendix 3

Target:

The balloon experience

Target:

Topic: « »

Target:

9. Games.

1. "What did I see?"

2. "Tell about the subject"

3. "What's extra?"

4. "Guess the Material"

5. "Good bad"

6. "Find Friends"

7 . "Vice versa"

8. "What of what"

Equipment. Ball.

‹ ›

To download the material, enter your E-mail, indicate who you are, and click the button

By clicking the button, you agree to receive email newsletters from us

If the download does not start, click "Download Material" again.

Other

Description:

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution of the Novolyalinsky urban district "Kindergarten No. 15" Beryozka "

Environmental project

Topic: “We are friends with nature, we don’t need garbage!”

Children age 6 years

Number of children - 10

Compiled by:

Lopaeva Tatyana Yurievna

Educator 1 to k.

Lobva

2014

Ecological project "We are friends with nature, we do not need garbage!"

Lopaeva T.Yu.teacher, 1CC

Sections:

1. Relevance of the project

2. Goals and objectives

3. Stages of implementation

4.Expected results

5. Application

PROJECT PASSPORT

Project type: information and research

Project participants:children - teachers - parents

By number of participants: collective

By duration of the project: short

Problem: nature conservation, an attempt to solve the "garbage problem"

Hypothesis: if household waste is sorted into groups, then each of them can be recycled for reuse without harm to the environment. Or maybe garbage can be given a "second life"?

1. Relevance of the problem

Preschool age is a valuable stage in the development of the ecological culture of the individual. At this age, the child begins to distinguish himself from the environment, develops an emotional and value attitude towards the environment, forms the foundations of the moral and ecological positions of the individual.

The ecological and social situation of today puts before the specialists of preschool education the task of finding universal means of environmental education in modern conditions. One of these means, in our opinion, can be an environmental project, one of the few technologies that takes the teacher outside the walls of the kindergarten into the outside world and social reality.

Every day, during a walk, preschoolers take part in cleaning the territory of their site and every time they have questions: where does so much garbage come from? Where is the garbage taken? etc. To answer these childish questions and try to solve the “garbage problem”, we developed the project “We are friends with nature, we don’t need garbage!”.

2. Purpose of the project:

to form in children knowledge about various types of activities for the protection of nature. (In the process of deepening and expanding children's knowledge about household waste and their properties, to form an ecological culture and respect for nature)

Project objectives:

To give children an idea about the types of household waste and their properties.

To give children ideas about the dangers of household waste in human life and living organisms.

Clarify children's ideas about the main sources of pollution of land, water, air, its consequences, measures to prevent pollution.

Find ways to use secondary resources of waste material.

Develop an ecological culture.

The motto of the team "Young Defenders of Nature":

"The village is our home, don't litter in it!"

3. Stages of project implementation

Stage 1 - preparatory

Task of the stage: analysis of the situation; definition of its main goals: the formation of ecological consciousness, ecological culture, kindness and mercy as the basic qualities of a person.

1. Collection of literary sources, studying the experience of other educational institutions, drawing up a theoretical concept;

2. Drawing up a long-term plan of activities for the project “We are friends with nature, we don’t need garbage!” on the formation of environmental education;

3. Systematization and design of didactic materials in accordance with the project plan;

Stage 2 - organizational

The task of the stage: the creation of an ecological environment in the group, the involvement of parents in the upcoming creative work in an innovative mode;

1. Conduct a block of children's environmental activities to study the properties and qualities of materials: glass, plastic, metal, paper, rubber.

2. Introduce children to the problem of environmental pollution with household waste;

3. To form the skills of environmentally competent behavior of the younger generation. 4.Create a presentation: "The Complaint Book of Nature"; 5. Develop a consultation and newspaper for parents "Touch nature with your heart"; 6. Preparation of parents for work;

Stage 3 - practical activities

Stage tasks: the formation of elementary environmental knowledge and ideas of children and parents, as well as the beginning of the foundations of environmental education through the following forms of activity:

survey of parents (Appendix 1)

observations and ecological excursions along the streets of the village, near the kindergarten;

presentation, slide show;

cognitive reading;

children's activity "New life of unnecessary things"

laboratory (experiments and experiments);

issue of an ecological newspaper;

thematic day "Magical ecology of the soul";

Ecological, mobile, didactic games; holding the exhibition "Miracles for people from unnecessary things"

Stage 4 - final

Tasks of the stage: generalization of experience and determination of the result of the practical activities of teachers - a round table "Our results".

4. Expected results

Direct participation of parents and children in the organization of various environmental events

Increasing the level of knowledge of parents and children about the ecology of their native city, region, nature protection

Improvement and decoration of the site in kindergarten using "household waste"

Creation of wall newspapers, leaflets and photo albums during the project

Creation of a file cabinet "Native Nature"

Involving parents in the possible participation in the environmental education of children

Awareness by children and adults of the importance of nature protection, environmentally sound behavior in the environment, not to litter it.

5. APP

Attachment 1.

Questionnaire for parents.

1. What waste accumulates the most in your family in a week?

2. Do you sort waste for recycling?

3. How do you dispose of waste (incineration, garbage cans, etc.)

4. Do you use recycled material for crafts with children and design your yard?

5. Do you know how hazardous household waste is?

6. Do you talk to children about the dangers of household waste?

7. How do you deal with waste after various walks in nature?

8. Do you use environmental literature in your family?

9. Do you involve children in cleaning the area around your house?

10. Do you teach your kids to pick up their trash?

11. What information would you like to know about household waste?

12. Are you satisfied with the organization of waste disposal in our village?

Your suggestions for waste disposal in our village.

Appendix 2

Long-term project implementation plan« We are friends with nature, we do not need garbage!» Excursions through the streets of the village. 1. Acquaintance with the properties of paper. Experimental activity "Making new paper" 2. Conversation "Help nature". Introducing children to the properties of plastics.teacher, children 3. Green Patrol "Clean area of the kindergarten." Familiarization of children with the properties of metal objects.teacher, children 4. Demonstration of the presentation "The Complaint Book of Nature". Familiarize children with the properties of rubber.teacher, children 5. Thematic day "Magical ecology of the soul". Eenvironmental action "My clean yard". Photo newspaper "This should not be!"Parents, children, parents 6. Introducing children to the properties of glass. Didactic games.teacher, children 7. Experimental activities “Sorting garbage”, “Garbage in the ground”, “How the wind carries garbage”.Educator, children, parents 8. GCD "Garbage - is it good or bad?"teacher, children 9. Issue of an ecological newspaper for parents “Touch nature with your heart”teacher, children 10 NOD "It's better to litter now, wean the kids!". Making environmental signs for children.teacher, children 11. Rules of conduct in nature. Release of the poster "Protect the nature!"teacher, children 12. "New life of unnecessary things"- work in a creative workshop, making crafts from waste materialEducator, children, parents 13. Excursion to nature to the spring "Shkolnik"teacher, children 14. Opening of the exhibition "Miracles for people from unnecessary things." Ecological quiz "Nature around us" on the knowledge gained from children and parents.Educator, children, parents

Appendix 3

1. Thematic games and observations.

observation. For a few days, point out to the children that we take out the trash every day. Where does he go? From an apartment of houses, do children throw anything away? What do their parents do with the trash? How do kindergartens handle waste? Is it possible to see garbage in the vicinity of the kindergarten? Where does it come from? Are there trash cans and bins near the garden?

During a walk along the ecological path, or a tour, check if there is garbage there. Which places have the most and why? Pay attention to the guys how beautiful the unlittered areas are and how unpleasant it is to visit those places where people have not cleaned up after themselves.

2. Acquaintance with the properties of paper.

Purpose: to empirically establish the properties and quality of paper. Introduce children to different types of paper.

Consideration of different types of paper and its purpose (cardboard, tracing paper, corrugated, writing, wrapping, newsprint, for drawing);

Study of the properties and qualities of paper (thin, thick, smooth, rough, opaque, translucent (tracing paper); wrinkled, torn, wet, bent, burned);

D / and “Entering the image” (I am paper - a description by the child of the type of paper and its purpose).An experience. "Making new paper".

1. Children tear the paper into small pieces and lower it into a basin of water.We will cover the basin with oilcloth. Let the paper soak.

2. On the second day, beat the paper mass with a mixer, add white or colored paint to it, a little wallpaper glue and strain the resulting mixture through a metal mesh with small cells.

3. The water drains, and the remaining paper mass is evenly spread out on a cloth napkin. Cover it with another napkin and put something heavy on top.

4. After two or three days, the paper will dry. Iron it with an iron and we will draw on it.

3. "Introduction to the properties of plastics"

Target: Introduce children to plastics. Teach children to draw conclusions.

D / and “How are these objects similar” (all plastic objects);

Examination of objects of various shapes, colors, sizes made of plastic (conclusion - plastic is light, different objects can be cast from it);

Experimental and practical activities: plastic is light, does not sink in water, bends. Not transparent, smooth and rough, thin and thick, has thermal conductivity - it cools in the cold, in heat it heats up, melts;

D / and “Tell me about the object” (description of the plastic object).

4. "Introduction to the properties of metal objects"

Target: To acquaint with objects made of different metals and the properties of metal objects of their different types of metals (ferrous metal, aluminum, copper, non-ferrous metal - foil).

Examination of metal objects;

An adult's story about different types of metal;

Experimental and practical activities:

metal - durable, heavy, shiny, smooth, sinks (regardless of size), attracted by a magnet;

5. "Introduction to the properties of rubber"

Target: Learn about the properties of rubber.

D / and “What the object is made of” (classification by material);

Examination of rubber objects (elastic, smooth, cold, cut, thin and thick (tires);

The balloon experience

Does not pass air and water, does not sink in water, is pierced.

D / and "Find toys made of rubber."

6. "Introduction to the properties of glass"

Target: introduce children to the properties of glass:

transparent, smooth, cold, fragile, ringing, thick, thin, waterproof.

Experimental and practical way to study the properties of glass:

Learn about the history of glass making.

Consider glassware;

Find glass objects in a group;

Experimentally study the properties of glass.

Tactile examinations (cold, smooth, rough, thin, thick, ribbed).

Experimental activities (waterproof, glass makes a sound, fragile.)

Reasoning of children on the topic: "What can be done from waste glass products"

7. Conducting a long experiment: "Garbage in the ground."

Bury objects made of glass, plastic, rubber, paper, metal, as well as food waste (peeling potatoes, oranges), leaves and small branches into the ground. Designate a burial site.

After a certain period of time, check the condition of the materials. Mark the result of exposure to the sun, rain, soil.

Record your observations with the children. After the experiment, make a conclusion about what material and waste decomposed in the soil and what people need to do with solid waste to protect the environment.

8. Direct educational activities

Topic: " It is better to litter now, wean children!»

Target: To form the skills of environmental education of children.

The teacher's story about the rules of behavior in nature. Acquaintance with environmental signs (you can not throw garbage into the river, in the forest; pollute the soil; throw garbage in unintended places). Summarize the experiment and observations of food waste.

Making environmental signs for children. In the future, if possible, placing them by the river, pond, kindergarten (on excursions);

Establishment of the rule: sort group waste (two wastebaskets: collect scrap from toys in one, paper scraps in the other, which must be disposed of in compost pits).

9. Games.

1. "What did I see?"

Purpose: to exercise children in recognizing objects made from different materials; develop memory, attention, observation.

Move. The teacher offers to play a game and asks the question: “What did you see from metal (fabric, plastic, glass) on the way to kindergarten?” Whoever names the most items wins.

2."Tell about the subject"

Purpose: to consolidate the idea of the materials from which objects are made.

Equipment: a cube with the image on the faces of the types of materials.

Move. Each child throws a cube and catches it, what material falls out, he talks about that. The remaining players control the correctness of determining the properties and the quality of the material.

3. "What is superfluous?"

Purpose: to teach to isolate common features of objects; consolidate knowledge about the types of materials; develop mindfulness.

Equipment: cards with the image of four objects, three of which are made from one material, and one from another.

Move. The teacher gives out some cards. The children take turns identifying an extra object whose material does not match the material of the other three, and explains why.

Complication. After the child has identified the extra item, ask the question: “What will happen if the vase is made of fabric?” etc.

4."Guess the Material"

Purpose: to consolidate knowledge about the properties and qualities of materials and their names.

Move. Dunno comes to visit, who has forgotten the name of the materials, but knows only their properties. He asks for help. For example, this material is easily wrinkled, torn, soaked in water. What is it called?

5. "Good-Bad"

Purpose: to activate the ability to determine the property and quality of materials, to establish causal relationships between the characteristics of the material and its purpose.

Move. The teacher names the material, the children determine its positive and negative features.

6. "Find friends"

Purpose: to consolidate the ability to select objects from a given material.

Move. The teacher names the object, and the children draw objects made of the same material.

7. "Vice versa"

Purpose: to consolidate knowledge about the properties and qualities of materials, to expand the child's vocabulary.

Move. Children stand in a circle. The teacher names the material and one property or quality. In response, the child names another material and its opposite property (plastic is opaque, glass-transparent).

8. "What of what"

Purpose: to consolidate knowledge about the materials from which objects are made.

Equipment. Ball.

Move. Children become in a circle, the teacher stands in a circle, throws the ball to the child and says: - "glass" the child catches the ball and answers - glass.

The influence of climatic and meteorological factors on the functioning of the organism of students of early youth in the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Homeless dogs in the urban environment in Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region and a danger to human health.
Dust collector trees, their importance in improving the environment in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
The study of environmental factors in conditions of inclined microzoning of agrolandscapes on the example of the Uktus Mountains.
Analysis of water quality and the state of water intake facilities in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the Sverdlovsk region (case study).
Monitoring of drinking water sources of non-centralized water supply in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
The study of the phytoncidal properties of green plants in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region
Census of wintering birds: ecological aspect (Participation in the program of winter bird censuses "Eurasian Christmas census").
Methods for studying the ecological state of the Iset or Patrushikha river, lake. Shartash, other reservoirs of the region and their use in the assessment of anthropogenic impact (a specific reservoir).
Comparison of the cleansing capacity of the river ecosystem of the Iset, Patrushikha or other rivers of the region (case study).
Medicinal dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg) as an indicator of environmental pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
Perception of the visual environment and its influence on the well-being of a person (on a specific example).
Natural-historical-cultural monument of nature "Stone tents" or other natural monuments of the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
Comparative characteristics of the vegetation of landscape natural monuments "Shartash forest park" and "Uktus forest park" or other forest parks of the city (specific examples).
Assessment of the state of the air environment in the districts of Yekaterinburg or other cities of the region by the method of lichen indication (specific area).
Influence of anthropogenic impact on the growth and fruiting of Scots pine trees in Kharitonovsky Park or other parks of the city and region (specific park).
The role of propaganda in increasing the motivation to protect the environment on the example of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College and the impact on human health.
Ecological studies of changes in the physical development of first-year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Household waste and problems of their disposal in the districts of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
Assessment of the state of green spaces in the districts of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region and the impact on human health (a case study).
Fauna of diurnal Lepidoptera in the districts of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
Study of the demographic situation in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
Assessment of the recreational capacity of a forest park or a protected area of the Sverdlovsk region (specific area).
How to survive a monument in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
Videoecology of the valley of the Iset or Patrushikha rivers and other rivers of the region.
The dynamics of the avifauna of some forest areas in the Sverdlovsk region (a specific area) and the impact of anthropogenic pressure.
Practical aspects of interaction between people and birds in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
Factors affecting the performance and fatigue in the educational process in the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Radiation monitoring of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region.
The impact of environmental environmental factors on the health of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
The problem of modernity "Tuberculosis - the border between life and death."
Comparative characteristics of the ecological situation in the area of buildings 1 and 2 of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Influence of the urban environment on the state of plants (on the example of studying the growth and development of lilac shoots).
Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and near-water birds during the autumn migration period at the mouth of the Patrushikha River.
Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and near-water birds during the autumn migration period in the pond of the Kharitonovsky park.
Noise pollution in the 2nd building of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Proper housekeeping (case study).
Comparative analysis of biological methods for assessing air quality using lichen.
Study of Red Book and rare phytocenotic objects of a forest park or a protected area of the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
Some features of physical development and hemodynamic function of the heart in 1st and 2nd year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
The study of the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify genetically modified ingredients in it.
The study of the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify harmful food additives.
Monitoring of the ecological state of the ecological systems of the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (specific examples).
Study of rare and protected plants in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
The daily intake of nutrients by students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
The diet of students of SBEI SPO "Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College"
Assessment of the ecological state of the air environment on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Video-environmental rationale for the discomfort of the interface of modern operating systems.
Comparative analysis of indoor plants in classrooms - No. 216, 316 as a factor in improving the indoor microclimate.
The study of the ecological state of the Kharitonovsky Park or the Park of Culture and Recreation named after. Mayakovsky.
Ecological characteristics of the water system of the forest park Shartash (case study) and impact on health.
Ecological characteristics of the reservoirs of the Sverdlovsk region and the impact on health (case study).
Aging of the population of the Sverdlovsk region as an environmental problem.
Dynamics of the ecological state of the Park of Culture and Leisure named after Mayakovsky.
The use of microfertilizers as an effective way to dispose of household waste (on a specific site).
Forecasting the level of pollution of surface waters in the Sverdlovsk region.
Using the bioindication method to assess the state of atmospheric air in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg.
Analysis of drinking water in Yekaterinburg and the impact on health.
Ecological passport of the forest park of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
Dependence of the incidence of ARVI and influenza in schoolchildren on the content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet.
Biotechnical measures for the conservation of plant species listed in the Red Book in the territory of a forest park or nature reserve in Yekaterinburg or cities in the region (a specific example).
Assessment of the state of the ecosystem of Lake Shartash or rivers and lakes of cities and towns in the region.
The secret of the water we drink.
Influence of different types of tillage on its agronomic properties.
The study of the ecological state of the river Iset, Patrushikha or rivers and lakes of the region.
Violation of human eating behavior under the influence of socio-psychological factors.
Socio-psychological factors of the environment and their impact on the health of students in the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Determination of the coefficient of aggressiveness of the surrounding video environment in Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Determination of the ecological characteristics of the meadows of the Sverdlovsk region by vegetation cover (specific examples).
Influence of the anthropogenic factor on the ecosystem of the meadow in the Sverdlovsk region.
Aircraft noise impact assessment in the area adjacent to Koltsovo Airport.
The problem of beer alcoholism among students of Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Mobile phone: "for" and "against" (on the example of students of Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
Determination of noise pollution on the territory of Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Food additives pros and cons.
Category E food additives on human health.
Assessment of the intensity of the traffic flow and its impact on the state of atmospheric air in the area of the reinforced concrete plant or other areas of the city and region.
Dynamics of the number and biomass of the earthworm (Limbricus terrestris) in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems (on the example of the suburban area of the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region).
Determination of nitrates in agricultural products.
Dependence of the species and quantitative composition of birds on the degree of recreational load of natural forest parks and parks of the city of Yekaterinburg in winter.
Studying the impact of the highway on environmental safety on the example of the concrete goods district or other districts of the city and region.
"The green dress of my street."
The impact of railway transport on human health (on specific examples).
Study of the illumination of the classrooms of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Ecological potential of the method of photographing wildlife in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and cities in the region.
Ecological potential of the method of drawings of wildlife objects of the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and cities of the region.
Conduct a comparative analysis of parks or forest parks in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and cities in the region by photographing wildlife.
Landscaping of the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Ecology of homeless animals in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
The study of the ecological state of the springs of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region and the territory adjacent to them (on a specific example).
Arrangement of springs and the territory adjacent to them in the vicinity of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region (on a specific example).
Monitoring the quality of tap water in the city of Yekaterinburg.
Influence of the degree of environmental pollution on the physiological parameters of some tree species in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
Nitrates in vegetable products (on specific examples).
Features of the perception of environmental risks in the context of the economic crisis.
Studying the problem of urban environment pollution with household waste (on the example of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region).
Dependence of bronchial asthma attacks on industrial air pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
My view on the problem of homeless animals in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region and ways to solve it.
Assessment of the state of the visual environment of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
Influence of the conditions of urbanized Yekaterinburg on the state of the cardiovascular system of students.
Mental performance and physiological adaptation of students to the system of vocational training in Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Vitamin C in the diet of the indigenous and visiting population of Yekaterinburg.
Study of the effect of road transport emissions on the linear growth of pine in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
Study of the ecological environment of a dwelling (on a specific example).
Influence of external factors on seed germination (on the example of flower seeds).
Influence of computer addiction on the progress of students in Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Study of the influence of the visual environment on human health in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
Studying the attitude to smoking of college students and the harmful effects of tobacco products on living organisms (at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
Evaluation of the resistance of trees and shrubs in green spaces in residential areas of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Linden as a bioindicator of environmental pollution in Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan

State Autonomous Vocational Educational Institution

"Elabuga Polytechnic College"

"Environmental Culture"

Yelabuga, 2015

Table of contents:

Introduction ……………………………………………………………2

Main part ………………………………………………..…..3

The Constitution of the Russian Federation on environmental protection……..……….….4

Environmental education……………………………….….…….4

Theoretical knowledge of ecological culture…………...….5

The main components of ecological culture………….…….6

Practical aspects of ecological culture…………….…..7

Ways of formation of ecological culture in an educational institution:

A) Questioning …………………………………………….……9

B) Action "Feed the birds" ………………………………….…10

C) Action "Protection of spruce" …………………………………………....11

D) Action “ Let's clean up the city "………………………………………eleven

D) Essay competition …………………………………………….11

E) Drawing competition ……………………………………………...12

G) Competition of own poems ………...13

H) Booklet contest ……………………………………………..13

I) tour ……………………………………………………..19

Fragments of research work:

A) Determining the state of atmospheric air ………......14

B) Determination of water hardness at home ……..17

Output ……………………………………………………….......20

Conclusion ………………………………………………….....20

The practical significance of the work carried out………….……20

Bibliographic list……………..…………………......21

Applications……………………………………………….……22

Introduction

In recent years, man has begun to exert a significant influence on the environment. The development of industry, an increase in the number of cars and deforestation lead to an increase in the consumption of non-renewable or slowly renewable resources, pollution of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and the development of the greenhouse effect. If people do not now begin to take care of nature, they will destroy not only her, but also themselves. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to educate the ecological culture of a person from an early age.

Goals:

Expansion and enrichment of knowledge that contributes to the development of the ecological culture of students;

Development of various forms of organization of environmental education, education and enlightenment of the younger generation;

Creation of conditions for the formation of an ecological culture, the main feature of which is a responsible attitude towards nature.

Tasks:

To cultivate a caring attitude towards the environment, curiosity, kindness, observation of wildlife;

To promote the desire of students to help and protect nature;

To give systematic knowledge about the world around us, to teach how to apply knowledge in practice.

Methods and techniques:

observation;

collection of information;

work with literature;

processing the collected information;

excursions;

elements of research work.

Relevance.

Our task is to educate a caring, decent, emotional person who loves the place (regardless of its location) where he was born, not forgetting to love all living things; gently and carefully treat the world around us, develop the ecological culture of our pupils.

Forms of work:

Conversation, both with students and with their parents at parent meetings on the formation of environmental culture, environmental education;

Conducting a survey of students on the subject of their environmental culture;

Production of booklets and feeders;

Opening of the canteen on the Maidan "Bird's Paradise"

Holding competitions;

Promotions

Main part.

The well-being of man depends on his properly constructed relationship with nature. And respect for nature should become the norm of human behavior. Therefore, the goal of my work on environmental education, environmental culture: the use of effective forms and methods of teaching to develop students' knowledge, skills and abilities that contribute to active actions to protect the environment, the formation of environmental culture.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 42) stipulates:

everyone has the right to:

favorable environment;

reliable information about her condition;

for compensation for damage caused to his health or property by an environmental offense.

The state must bear full responsibility for the condition and safety of the country's natural resources and habitat.

Unfortunately,

this task is not yet fulfilled by the state.

The state of the environment in Russia is characterized as an ecological crisis!

The main areas of work on the formation of environmental culture:

Theoretical knowledge;

Practical knowledge;

Experiment as a fragment of research work.

Ecological education.

The solution of environmental and social problems of society is possible under the condition of a new type of ecological culture. » It is in our days that the greening of the entire system of education and upbringing is required. The purpose of this transformation is the penetration of modern environmental ideas and values into all spheres of society. Only through the greening of all public life can humanity be saved from an ecological catastrophe (N.M. Mamedov)"

In the process of research activities, students strengthen and form their character, develop a sense of mutual assistance and collectivism. Research activities based on computer technology help to diversify educational activities, increase the motivation of students to independently study the subject.

Theoretical knowledge of ecological culture.

Ecological culture is a system of knowledge, skills, values, orientation of a person in the field of science, art, as well as active work to preserve and improve the environment.

This is the result of the pedagogical process, the purpose of which is to form in students a conscious attitude towards interaction with nature, a set of ecological meanings about the essence of interaction with nature, skills and practical skills for rational use of nature.

A thorough study of environmental problems indicates that a person should not only protect nature, but use it wisely. Man protects, preserves nature for himself, but also protects from himself.

From this it is clear that the cause of environmental crises lies not in nature itself, but in consciousness, behavior, and human activity.

Therefore, at present, when forming an ecological culture, it is important to include the following aspects in it:

ecological ethics - the doctrine of the moral relationship between nature and man, which is based on the acceptance of nature as a partner, the equality of all living things and the restriction of human needs and rights.

The task of environmental ethics: the destruction of the consumer attitude to nature, based on the position that man is the master of nature. The rights of nature are a form of a fair relation of man to nature. Man must protect and recognize the rights of nature. The main principles of environmental ethics that must be observed:

Do no harm;

Respect for the rights of nature;

Compensation for damage;

Not interference.

Moral philosophy is a field of thought, the subject of which is not only morality, and its theory is ethics as a very distant subject, but also normative and descriptive ethics or morality.

Ecological imperative (“the limit of permissible human activity, which he has no right to cross under any circumstances”).

Ecological culture is a set of requirements and norms that apply to environmental activities, a person's willingness to follow these requirements and norms.

The structure of culture is made up of the unity of culture, attitudes towards nature, culture, attitudes towards society and other people. Only if these three components are observed, it is possible to talk about ecological culture, which indicates the interaction of a person with the environment.

Ecological culture is a system of knowledge, skills, values, orientations of a person in the field of science, art, as well as active work to preserve and improve the environment.

This is the result of the pedagogical process, which has as its goal the formation in the student of a conscious attitude to interaction with nature, the totality of interaction with nature, the ability and practical skills of reasonable nature management.

The main components of the ecological culture of the individual are:

Human knowledge about nature, its interrelationships, ways to preserve and assist the natural environment; - interest in nature, in living and non-living components, in the problem of its protection;

Feelings moral and aesthetic;

Positive diverse activities aimed at preserving and enhancing nature, decent behavior in the human environment;

Motives that determine the actions of children in nature (cognitive, sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic, etc.)

Humanity is inextricably linked with nature. Now the issues of its interaction with a person have grown into a global environmental crisis, which includes:

Biosphere pollution;

Changing the physical, chemical, biological qualities of our planet;

Changing ecosystems and deteriorating human health.

If people do not now begin to take care of nature, they will destroy not only her, but also themselves. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to educate the ecological culture of a person from an early age, starting from kindergarten, school, and later other educational institutions.

Practical aspects of ecological culture.

The interaction of culture and nature is carried out by man. How a person was brought up, such will be his attitude towards nature.

If from an early age a feeling of kindness, tenderness is laid in a child; love reigns in the house, according to the principle “Love your neighbor as yourself”, warmth of relations, mutual understanding, the ability to understand each other even in the most difficult and contradictory situations, then in such families children grow up sensitive and attentive not only in relation to each other, but also in relation to the nature around us.

And the task of the teacher is to develop these positive qualities of character and direct them in the right direction. Such a student, with the support of a teacher, will not be indifferent, indifferent, careless, will not be able to pass by someone else's pain, past a person who needs protection, support; which will always stop a person breaking a twig, a recently planted tree, although it can be much weaker in strength.

It is easier to work with such students and it is easier to teach them decency and nobility in relation to nature.

But to call things by their proper names, such situations are much rarer. Most often, families are dissatisfied with each other, anger, snobbery, distrust, lies, envy, and sometimes even hatred. And the baby, being brought up in such a family, absorbs the same qualities and vices. Having come to our educational institution, years later, he will fall into the category of “difficult teenagers” and we, teachers, have a lot of painstaking work to “pick up the key” to such a student, to let him believe in himself, involving in various activities, including number of ecological character.

The reality around us - nature - is alive. She immediately responds to our introduction. How we treat her is how she responds to us.

Therefore, I want to say loudly: “People stop! Change your attitude towards each other! Enough to engage in money-grubbing, greed, but rather try to help someone completely disinterestedly, just like that, from a pure heart. Go out into nature regularly, take care of the clearing where you are relaxing, do not forget to take out the garbage, put out the fire, listen to birdsong, and do not turn on the music at the highest volume; because in the forest, on the lawn, our own life and to reckon with our smaller brothers is our duty, our direct duty!

And her Majesty Nature, seeing our careful attitude towards her, will stop presenting us with various environmental disasters. How I want to believe it! Hope always dies last!

At the Elabuga Polytechnic College, environmental education is taken seriously: students try to take part in all environmental events, showing interest in ecology

The dissemination of theoretical environmental knowledge in the college is primarily associated with the study of the subject "Ecological foundations of nature management", both in the classroom and after school hours, compiling and solving puzzles and crossword puzzles.

The dissemination of practical environmental knowledge is confirmed by the regular holding of subject weeks, which include promotions and competitions.

In order to find out the attitude towards the ecology and cleanliness of the city, check the presence of an ecological culture among students. the students of our college were divided into groups: some of them made up the questions of the questionnaire, it turned out 20 questions; and others - there were 240 of them - were invited to take part in the survey, only on one condition that they answer honestly.

A) Questioning. (Attachment 1)

Answer options: "yes", "no".

1. Do you throw garbage in the bin?

2. Do you participate in garbage collection voluntarily?

3. Do you consider Elabuga a clean city?

4. Will you throw away a bottle that is in the middle of the road/sidewalk in the bin?

5. Do you think it's rude to throw trash out of windows?

6. Do you think plastic bottles are bad for the environment?

7. Have you gone out of school to collect trash?

8. Do you rarely use the car?

9. Would you give up cars and switch to a bicycle?

10. Do you consider it necessary to have sorting bins
(glass, flammable substances, plastic)?

11. Do you check exhaust gases at the technical inspection?

12. Do you think that car exhaust fumes harm people and the environment?

13. Do you think that factories should be located away from cities?

14. Do you plant trees?

15. Do you grow plants at home?

16. Do you walk in the park?

17. Should we increase the number of parks and trees?

18. Do you participate in environmental movements?

19. Do you litter on public transport?

20. Do the reagents work well?

According to the results of the survey, it can be seen that the issue of environmental culture is not at the proper level for everyone and we have to work on its development.

“God gave us birds so that we can see every day what beauty is. But we rarely look at the sky and forget about beauty and freedom.” (Confucius)

B) The action "Feed the birds".(Annex 2)

Caring for "our smaller brothers" leaves no one indifferent

Making feeders with your own hands and hanging them (competition)

Permanent feeding of birds, bird canteen - "Bird Paradise".

Distribution of leaflets in districts 4 and 12

Conversations with kindergarten children

Execution of drawings (competition)

book exhibition

C) Action "Protection of spruce"

In it, students make mock-ups of badges that they want to live. Kornilova Natalia 021 "Technology of catering products" shows her personal attitude:

« Have pity on the Christmas trees, let them grow

After all, they are beauties, they give us air!

An ax rose above her to cut her down,

Think about how she wants to live too! » (Appendix 3)

D) Action "Let's clean the city"

It is very difficult to get people to do anything. If they sometimes can’t clean their yard, then what to say about others. But it is important to convince, try, look for solutions: by your own example, constantly take part in subbotniks under the motto: “Clean not where they clean, but where they don’t litter!” (Annex 4)

D) Essay competition.

In the essay competition on the topic "Protect Nature", students express their position in relation to nature and their native land.

Excerpts from essayIplace) Balobanova Olga. 481 specialty "Chemical technology of inorganic substances"

“... Once in despair, wandering along the street of my native village, I, tired of the sun, decided to go into a small forest, which is three hundred meters from me. There, besides birches, other trees grow, as well as various shrubs, herbs and flowers. I felt like a happy person in this small forest. She lay down on the grass, hugged her, clung to the ground and did not feel how she fell asleep.

I was awakened by the chirping of restless sparrows, who also hid from the heat in this amazing corner of nature. I turned my face up and there, high above the treetops, a small piece of the sky was looking at me. I lay for a long time, my head was visited by beautiful thoughts about my recent acquaintance with an interesting person. I did not want to leave so much, light clouds looked at me from the sky, and it seemed to me that they were smiling and calling me to follow them. And I thought how much charm the forest has, how affectionate and friendly it is!”

Excerpts from essayIIa place).

Fatykhova Guzel491 specialty "Technology of mechanical engineering"

« … The forest is one of the most important ecosystems that makes our life better, because the forest is the lungs of the planet.

Nowadays, little attention is paid to forests, although parks and protected areas are being created. A very large part of the forest is cut down, a large number of trees are destroyed due to fires. All this is due to the negligence of people. People do not appreciate what they have, only when they lose will they begin to appreciate it; appreciate nature for what it is…”

E) Our students take part in a drawing competition, where they show their attitude to nature.

Drawing competitions - Volkov Alexander 291, specialty "Technology of mechanical engineering" - ( I place) (Appendix 5)

G) Making booklets reminds us of behavior in nature.

Booklet competition.

Booklet competition - Mikhail Kreshchenov. 481 "Chemical technology of inorganic substances" ( I place) (Appendix 6)

H) Self-composed poetry competition

The competition of poems of one's own composition does not leave anyone indifferent, it makes one think about the meaning of life. Ilyasova Anastasia became the winner of this competition - she writes sensually and penetratingly.

Author: Ermakov Pavel Aleksandrovich. –051a, specialty “Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles” (Ia place)

Take care of nature guys

Take care of forests and fields,

Take care of spring water

After all, this is sacred land.

Let's save all the lakes, trees,

For them to be eternal

To be like in the past

The trees were not alone.

Blue and clear skies

To be above them always -

Save nature guys

After all, there is only one nature.

People trample and spoil nature,

Burning and cutting forests

Create a protected area

Our land will be saved.

For the formation of skills in research activities, the development of logical literacy, cognitive abilities of students, a certain work is carried out.

Plan for the construction of research work:

Preliminary stage: determining what you need to know about the environmental problem under study. Clarification of local environmental problems.

Determination of the purpose of the study and ways to solve it.

Research stage: studying the state of the environment or the proposed problem in practice, conducting field research, surveys, working with additional literature. Then planning an experiment based on theoretical knowledge and practical skills and conducting an experiment.

Analysis of work and dissemination of the results of experience.

The study of the state of atmospheric air in the area of the college, Lenin Square, the clinic "Elaza".

Purpose of the study:

Improving the research activities of the younger generation, aimed at studying the nature of the native land and assessing its ecological state;

Study of the area more favorable in terms of environmental indicators.

Research objectives:

To study articles, literature on the topic under study;

To study the state of atmospheric air in various regions and the adverse impact on human health;

Analyze where the air is cleaner and why.

Research methods:

Observation;

Study of literature;

Experiment.

Subject of study

Air.

Completing of the work

We chose 3 places in the city for measurements (college area; Lenin Square; polyclinic area)

We counted the number of vehicles, subdividing it into 4 main types (“cars”, “gazelles”, “buses”, “trucks”), on a section 60 meters long, in a time of 20 minutes. (N)

Calculate the number of vehicles of each type in 1 hour. (N 1 =N*(60/ t))

Calculate the distance traveled in 1 hour by each type.(L=S*N 1 )

Calculate the amount of fuel burned on this selected section of the path.(Q=L*V)

V-specific fuel consumption:

Cars: 0.12 l/km

Gazelle: 0.17 l/km

Bus: 0.42 l/km

Freight: 0.33 l/km

The volume of exhaust gases was calculated. (approximately 16 liters of exhaust per 1 liter of fuel)

We calculated the amount of harmful substances emitted by vehicles, based on the obtained data on the volume of exhaust, and based on table 1.

We entered all the results of calculations in tables, separately for each region.

Calculation example .

College area.

Cars:N = 76

Time:t= 20 min.

Section length:S= 60 m.

Transport per hour:N 1 = N*(60/ t)

N 1 = 76*(60/20)= 228

Distance traveled in 1 hour:L= S* N 1

L\u003d 60 * 228 \u003d 13680 m \u003d 13.68 km.

The amount of fuel burned:Q= L* V ( Vfor cars = 0.12 l/km)

Q\u003d 13.68 * 0.12 \u003d 1.6416 l

Exhaust volume: for 1 liter of fuel burned, there are approximately 16 liters of exhaust.

1.6416*16= 26.2656 l

The minimum and maximum amount of harmful substances, based on the percentage data from the table. #1:

CO 2 min. \u003d 26.2656 * 0 \u003d 0 l

CO 2 max=26.2656*0.16= 4.202496 l

Soot max.=0.04*(26.2656*0.001)=0.001050624 gr.

likewise for other substances.

We fill in the table. We build graphs of the state of atmospheric air in microdistricts. (Annex 7)

Output:

As you can see from the graph, the college area was the cleanest.

And the most polluted is the area of Lenin Square.

Do not pollute the environment and preserve the few parks and green spaces in the area of residence, plant new young trees.

Spend as much time as possible outdoors, and moderately (20 minutes a day) use the Internet, only when preparing homework.

Participate in planting more trees to keep the area healthy and clean.

A person cannot do without water, the water in our region is quite hard and you can show how to determine hardness at home.

Determination of water hardness at home

This method was described in his book by I. Sheremetiev. This method is based on the fact that laundry soap, like any other, is difficult to dilute in hard water. And only when the soap binds the excess of calcium and magnesium salts, soap suds appear.

To determine the hardness of water, you need to weigh one gram of laundry soap, grind it and dissolve it carefully so that foam does not form in a small amount of hot distilled water. Distilled water can be bought at auto shops. It is used to add to the battery when the electrolyte concentration increases.

Next, pour the soap solution into a cylindrical glass and add distilled water to a level of 6 centimeters if the soap is 60% or to a level of 7 centimeters if the soap is 72%. The percentage of soap content is indicated on the bar. Now, each centimeter of the soap solution level contains an amount of soap capable of binding hardness salts, the amount of which corresponds to 1 mg / l in 1 liter of water. Next, pour half a liter of test water into a liter jar. And continuously stirring, little by little we add our soapy solution from a glass to a jar with the water under study. At first, only gray flakes will appear on the surface. Then multi-colored soap bubbles will appear. The appearance of a stable white soapy foam indicates that all hardness salts in the studied water are bound. Now we look at our glass and determine how many centimeters of the solution we had to pour from the glass into the water under study. Each centimeter has bound in half a liter of water the amount of salts corresponding to 2 mg/l. Thus, if you had to pour 4 centimeters of soap solution into the water before the appearance of foam, then the hardness of the water under study is 8 mg / l.

If you poured all the soap solution into the water, and no foam appeared, this means that the hardness of the test water is more than 12 mg / l. In this case, the test water is diluted with distilled water twice. And we analyze again. Now the resulting stiffness result will need to be multiplied by two. The resulting value will correspond to the hardness of the water under study.

With a certain experience, the error of the method is about 1 - 2 mg / l. Which is perfectly acceptable for our purposes. Given the simplicity and accessibility of the method, it certainly deserves attention.

The experiment was also carried out by me, having examined the water at home, I found that the hardness of the water in my house is 12 ml / l at a rate of 6-7 mg / l - the water is quite hard.

1 . I took a piece of laundry soap weighing 1 gram.

2 .Heated distilled water, crumbled a bar of soap into hot water

3 .Poured hot distilled water into a cylindrical glass.

4 .Added distilled water to a level of 6 cm

5 .I took a liter jar and poured half a liter of test water into it

6 .Slowly stirring the water in a liter jar, slowly poured in the soap solution.

7. Having poured all the soap solution into a liter jar, I found that the hardness of the water is 12 mg / l.

Output: the water of this sample is hard, at a rate of 7 mg / l, we got 12 mg / l, the water can be softened by boiling (Appendix 8)

Excursions are important, which contribute to the visual perception of what they see, including an excursion to the water canal. (Annex 9)

Conclusion.

Output:

The environmental problem is getting worse every year. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil are becoming more and more polluted every day.

According to our research, it can be seen that transport pollutes the air, the number of springs and wells is becoming smaller every year, and the number of landfills, on the contrary, is increasing.

To do this, we need to organize community work days more often, clean everything around from garbage, reduce the number of landfills and plant trees for landscaping.

Ways to solve environmental problems.

Transfer of the internal combustion engine to gaseous fuel;

The existing long-term experience of operating a car on propane - butane mixtures shows a huge environmental effect. In automobile emissions, the amount of carbon monoxide, heavy metals and hydrocarbons is sharply reduced;

To reduce the emissions of the entire car fleet, the emissions of each car should be reduced. Engine design needs to be improved.

Replace gasoline, diesel fuel with biofuel, which is more environmentally friendly and safer.

The practical significance of the environmental project:

The developed booklets can be used as propaganda material for the population and in social institutions, when working in children's educational institutions

The materials of this work can be used in the classroom in the institutions of NGOs and vocational schools on the subject "Ecological fundamentals of nature management", in particular, when studying the topic "Industrial enterprises and waste disposal", on the subject "Fundamentals of jurisprudence" when studying the section "Environmental Law", can be used as information material when conducting extracurricular activities on environmental education.

And also in the subject "Chemistry" when studying the topics "The most important classes of inorganic compounds", "Water", "Production of sulfuric acid", "Production of nitric acid", "Production of ammonia", "Industrial oil processing".

This work is of applied importance, where the elements of research work are promised to be carried out independently and will help teachers in the formation of environmental culture.

Thus, by forming an ecological culture among students, a general culture of the individual is formed, aimed at forming the norms of moral, humane behavior of people and a thrifty attitude towards the environment - a condition for the formation of an ecological culture - the effective implementation of professional activities.

Bibliographic list:

Aksenov I. We and our land. M .: Young Guard, 1986.

Alekseeva A. The earth is our home. Publisher: Young Guard, 1999

Akhatov A. Ecology. Encyclopedic Dictionary. Kazan, Tatar book publishing house, 1995

Big Medical Encyclopedia, M, 2001 Editor-in-Chief – Academician V.V. Petrovsky; volume #4, edition 3; publisher: "Soviet Encyclopedia" Moscow, 1976. Publisher: CJSC Media Service Company; editor Matte Black.

Mamedov N.M. "Theoretical foundations" of environmental education - M.-1995.

Ursul A.D. “The way to the noosphere. The concept of survival and sustainable development "- M.-1993.

Attachment 1.

Questioning.

The survey results are shown in the graph:

Appendix 2

Bird's Dining Room - "Bird's Paradise".

Appendix 3

spruce protection

Neretin Ilya. 631 "Welding production"

Take care of the trees!

We are our Christmas trees, we take care of them very much,

And sorry, we don't give them to anyone.

You, not knowing how much benefit they bring to us,

Chop them without sparing, you with your ax.

Understand these big words

And thinking later, cut this Christmas tree or No !!!

Appendix 4

Let's clean up the city!

Appendix 5

Drawing competition.

Volkov Alexander 291 "Technology of mechanical engineering" -Ia place

Niyaz Nigemov 231 "Welding production"

Shaidullova Alsu 221 "Technology of catering products"

Kharisova Reseda 481 "Chemical technology of inorganic substances"

Safiulin Rail 951a, "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles"

Appendix 6

Booklet competition.

Kreshchenov Mikhail. 481 "Chemical technology of inorganic substances"

Let's save the forests!

Pines

Forget the disease, open the window, inhale

pine early morning moisture,

meaningfully silent about the important,

and other things - do not notice at all.

Perhaps these pines are high

not because the design of nature,

but because the sailing fleet

put, contrary to nature.

And in each - a silent dream,

say - "dream", and you will hear - "mast",

everything else means nothing more

than squirrel empty fuss.

Everything else is wet cut,

and the prospect of living with phantom pain,

and see how it crosses the field

road leaving the forest.

Andrey Medinsky

The forest is the main wealth of man. It is called the lungs of the planet, it gives people wood, mushrooms and berries, serves as a home for animals. The forest will disappear from the globe, animals and birds will disappear, and man himself will disappear. And these are not big words, this is true. Preserving the forest is an important task for each of us.

Appendix 7

Table No. 1

The content of harmful substances in exhaust gases.

Substances

Gasoline engines

Diesels

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) , about.%

0,0-16,0

1,0-10,0

Carbon monoxide (CO) , about.%

0,1-5,0

0,01-0,5

Nitrogen oxides (NO), about.%

0,0-0,8

0,0002-0,5

hydrocarbons(CH), about.%

0,2-3,0

0,09-0,5

Aldehydes, vol.%

0,0-0,2

0,001-0,009

Soot, g/m 3

0,0-0,04

0,01-1,10

Benzpyrene g/m 3

10-20 10 −6

10x10 −6

College area.

amount of transport

section length

time

number of vehicles per hour

specific fuel consumption

burned fuel

cars:

min

228

13,68

0,12

l/km

1,6416

liters

gazelle:

3,24

0,17

l/km

0,5508

liters

bus:

0,36

0,42

l/km

0,1512

liters

cargo:

0,33

l/km

liters

CO2 ( l)

CO( l)

NO( l)

exhaust volume

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

cars:

26,2656

liters

4,202496

0,0262656

1,31328

0,2101248

gazelle:

8,8128

liters

1,410048

0,0088128

0,44064

0,0705024

bus:

2,4192

liters

0,387072

0,0024192

0,12096

0,0193536

cargo:

liters

The content of harmful substances.

Lenin Square

The number of vehicles on the roads.

amount of transport

section length

time

number of vehicles per hour

total distance traveled in 1 hour

specific fuel consumption

burned fuel

cars:

228

min

684

41,04

0,12

l/km

4,9248

liters

gazelle:

102

6,12

0,17

l/km

1,0404

liters

bus:

0,72

0,42

l/km

0,3024

liters

cargo:

0,33

l/km

liters

CO2 ( l)

CO( l)

NO( l)

exhaust volume

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

cars:

78,7968

liters

12,60749

0,0787968

3,93984

0,6303744

gazelle:

16,6464

liters

2,663424

0,0166464

0,83232

0,1331712

bus:

4,8384

liters

0,774144

0,0048384

0,24192

0,0387072

cargo:

liters

The content of harmful substances.

Polyclinic ELAZ.

Number of vehicles on the roads

amount of transport

section length

time

number of vehicles per hour

total distance traveled in 1 hour

specific fuel consumption

burned fuel

cars:

228

min

684

41,04

0,12

l/km

4,9248

liters

gazelle:

102

6,12

0,17

l/km

1,0404

liters

bus:

0,72

0,42

l/km

0,3024

liters

cargo:

0,33

l/km

liters

CO2 ( l)

CO( l)

NO( l)

exhaust volume

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

cars:

78,7968

liters

12,60749

0,0787968

3,93984

0,6303744

gazelle:

16,6464

liters

2,663424

0,0166464

0,83232

0,1331712

bus:

4,8384

liters

0,774144

0,0048384

0,24192

0,0387072

cargo:

liters

The content of harmful substances.

Based on the results obtained, a graph was constructed, where the contamination of individual microdistricts is clearly visible.

Comparison of atmospheric air pollution in microdistricts of the city.

Appendix 8

How to determine the hardness of water at home:

3,4.

5,6.

Appendix 9

Excursion to the water canal

At the water utility, for cleaning and disinfecting water, they add to itAl2 (SO4)3

Polyacrymilin

Filtration of water from large particles

Filters where water is purified using quartz sand

Environmental education and upbringing is an extremely urgent problem of our time. After all, a careless and even cruel attitude to nature always begins with a lack of environmental education and upbringing. The cognitive, research and creative projects presented in this section are designed to fill these gaps, teach them to love and understand nature, and form the foundations of an ecological culture in children.

The topics of the projects are diverse: from studying the brightest representatives of flora and fauna to growing plants on their own and systematically monitoring their growth. We educate in children good feelings, curiosity, aesthetic perception associated with the beauty of nature; the ability to realize their impressions in work activities.

Environmental projects - an integrated approach to the education of environmentally cultured people.

Contained in sections:
Includes sections:

Showing publications 1-10 of 2761 .
All sections | Ecology projects

Creative project on the formation of the foundations of ecological culture Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution child development center kindergarten of the first category No. 59 "Gourmet" from. Kuleshovka, Azov district, Rostov region Creative project to lay the foundations ecological culture"Visiting the Fairy Ecology"Creative...

Don't neglect your health baby: even if everything is fine with him, then you should have such a rug at home as a preventive way to keep your health in great shape. After all, everyone knows that a person has several points on the foot, regularly acting on which you can ...

Ecological projects - Ecological project in the preparatory school group "Autumn"

Publication "Environmental project in the preparatory group for school..." Relevance of the project: A huge role in the environmental education of preschoolers is played by practical, research activities in natural conditions, which in turn contributes to the development of curiosity. One of the definitions of curiosity in the Dictionary of Social...

MAAM Pictures Library

Project "Ecological trail" Our institution has created all the conditions for the harmonious development of preschool children. Great attention is paid to environmental education. One of the most important conditions for the formation of ecological ideas is direct observation of objects and phenomena in ...

"Garden on the window" Purpose. Formation of ecological ideas of children about vegetable crops in the process of growing from seeds. Tasks: 1. Introduce the history of cucumber, peas, onions, etc. 2. Expand and systematize children's knowledge about vegetable crops: structure, benefits, care ...

Ecological project “Nature Protection. Garbage is the enemy of the planet PROJECT PASSPORT Type of project: information and research Content: child and nature protection Project participants: children (5-6 years old) - teachers - parents By the number of participants: collective By the duration of the project: long-term (2017 2018 academic year)...

Ecological projects - Ecological project "Seabed"

The purpose of the project: to create conditions for the education of ecological culture and the development of cognitive and creative abilities of children in the process of implementing the creative project "Sea World". Children's goal of the project: To acquaint children with the life of marine life and the importance of the sea in people's lives....

Type of project: Research, creative Group, involving parents Short-term Project participants Children of the middle group, group educators, parents. The project implementation period is 4 weeks (03/17 - 04/11/2017) Relevance of the project The child is ...

0 Environmental project

"MY WORLD WITHOUT GARBAGE"

1. Introduction. Justification of the problem and need.

2. Main part.

2.1 Monitoring

2.2 Research and development of ideas.

2.4 Implementation steps

3. Evaluation of the work done. Self control.

4. Presentation.

5. Applications:

Photo.

6. Literature used.

INTRODUCTION

Throughout the history of human civilization, the social standard of living in society was determined by the production of consumer goods - from the necessary food, utensils, furniture, housing and to a variety of vehicles and modern household appliances. The growth of consumer goods is accompanied by an increase in the amount of household waste. The problem of accumulation and the need to dispose of municipal solid waste (MSW) due to pollution of the territory is especially acute in large cities, including Karaganda. The foregoing determined the theme of the project: "My world - without garbage!"

The relevance of research is associated with the need to reduce the amount of garbage in the city and its environs, since high pollution leads to an imbalance in the ecological balance.

Problem: an increase in the amount of garbage in the city and its environs can lead to a deterioration in the health of Karaganda residents due to the negative impact of waste on the environment (pollution of air, soil, water in the Nura River, the Fedorov reservoir).

Object of study: the state of authorized and unauthorized garbage collection sites in the school district, as well as the surrounding area.

Subject of study: creation of conditions for ensuring cleanliness on the streets of the city and optimal waste disposal.

Purpose: to study the impact of waste on human life and the environment.

Hypothesis: the solution of the problem of pollution will be carried out more effectively, in comparison with the existing practice, if

provide more authorized waste bins, clean up the area around them, carry out timely garbage disposal;

sort waste for recycling or recycling;

purposefully carry out educational work among students about the need to maintain cleanliness on the streets of the city, places of recreation outside it, beaches, etc.

Tasks:

1. Show the variety of household, construction and industrial waste found in city dumps, its detrimental effect on the environment.

2. Consider the problem of garbage disposal.

3. Contribute to solving the problem of pollution of the streets of the city of Karaganda.

The amount of accumulated garbage is constantly growing.

The analysis shows that the bulk is accounted for by organic components (75-80%), in recent years the share of packaging materials made of paper, cardboard and polyethylene has increased significantly, which is associated with the filling of the market with imported products.

From the history of waste management.

1810 - The tin can was invented in England.

1874 - The first organized waste incineration in England.

1897 - The first waste sorting and recycling center was opened in New York.

1912 - Cellophane is invented.

1932 - machines that press garbage are invented in the USA.

1992 - an international forum in Rio de Janeiro named waste disposal one of the main problems of the Earth.

Excursion into history:

200 thousand years BC - the first garbage heaps of animal bones and fragments of stone tools.

400 BC - the first ever organized landfill in Athens.

1775 - The first garbage cans in London.

1880 - pigs on the streets of New York to fight garbage.

Observing the garbage collection, we determined its composition:

disposable tableware (in large quantities)

plastic bags

plastic bottles

plastic toys

toys soft (rag)

cans

bottles, jars (glass)

outerwear

bricks, construction debris

books, magazines

cast iron plates

broken chairs, stools, other furniture

pencils, pens

batteries, accumulator.

Garbage is not sorted, its location is not fenced, landfills often burn, and there is no system for collection, cleaning and filtration. The landfills contain toxic waste. And the places of burial of household waste have become a breeding ground for rodents and insects.

Speaking of waste disposal, it is interesting to note that incineration reduces the amount of waste by 2–10 times; use heat from incineration for heating purposes (according to experts, burning 5 tons of MSW is equivalent to burning 1 ton of reference fuel); reduce contamination of water and soil waste. However, this destroys the valuable components contained in the waste; quite a lot of ash and slag waste is generated (up to 25%), which are subject to disposal at landfills; the atmosphere is polluted. The scale of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere with the smoke of the world's waste incinerators exceeds volcanic activity.

The most serious problem arising from the burning of unsorted MSW is the release of toxic substances during the combustion of plastic, polyethylene and other polymeric materials, especially polyvinyl chloride (these materials are present in such beautiful and seemingly harmless things as glossy covers of notebooks, magazines and books, packaging of industrial goods, toys). The most dangerous of the resulting substances are dioxins (organochlorine compounds that do not decompose for 10–15 years, a strong mutagen and carcinogen, one of the strongest synthetic poisons, a dose of 10–6 g of which is fatal to humans). Actually, paper and natural fabrics, based on natural material, in particular cellulose, are harmless, but the paint applied to them produces harmful substances that enter the atmosphere when burned.

On the territory of our city there are many practically unequipped garbage dumps. The number of unauthorized dumps is unknown.

Garbage in landfills is often set on fire to reduce its volume and prolong the life of the landfill. Combustion is poor, smoke and stink, and generate hazardous chemicals (including dioxins) due to the presence of polymers, chemicals of all kinds, and other materials. As a result, air is polluted, harmful substances penetrate into underground aquifers, and surface washing of pollutants often occurs. The buried garbage undergoes anaerobic decomposition, which leads to the formation of biogas, 2/3 consisting of methane, which, spreading in the soil, adversely affects the roots of plants.

Construction and operation of waste incineration plants (WIP) are very costly activities.

Waste disposal times.

How long is garbage stored?

Very often, walking in a park or forest, we see garbage with bitterness. We meet, get upset and leave to lie in the same place, often due to the fact that the thought comes: “Nothing, the rain, they say, it will wash away, rot, in general, it will go somewhere.” For clarity on this issue and greater determination for those who want to do their bit in the fight against garbage, we suggest studying this table:

Types of garbage	Decomposition timeline
Food waste	From 10 days to 1 month
Newsprint	From 1 month to 1 year
Carton boxes

Wooden boards
iron fittings
iron cans
old shoes
Fragments of brick, concrete
Car Batteries

Can
Electric batteries
rubber tires	Over 100 years
Plastic bottles	Over 100 years
Polyethylene film
aluminum cans
	Over 1000 years

2. MAIN PART

2.1 MONITORING.

We decided to ask the opinion of the students of our school on this issue.

A QUESTIONNAIRE for students has been developed (see Appendix).

“WASTE-TO INCOME! »

2.2. STAGES OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.

Our classmates helped us in the implementation of the project.

1. Students of the class answered the questions of the questionnaire.

2. We walked around the school district, where we marked the places of dumps and authorized waste bins.

It turned out that next to the school there were 3 official, equipped trash cans, of course, there were places for dumped garbage.

Near the village "Kuanysh" there are 3 official, equipped waste bins,

We conclude that there are clearly not enough garbage cans.

3. Students on duty noted the amount of garbage in the classrooms for one school day.

4. We worked with scientific literature and materials from the Internet to find a solution to this problem in other regions, countries.

Research and development of ideas.

Solid waste landfills, called sanitary landfills in the West, are complex engineering structures and are equipped according to special technology. The bottom of the landfill, which has a slight slope, is lined with a strong plastic film. The layer of waste poured daily is leveled and compacted with special rollers, then covered with a layer of sand or clay, leveled and compacted, again and covered with a layer of film. And so every day. At the bottom of the landfill there is a collection of filterable liquids, which are regularly taken out for processing. After filling the landfill to a zero level, reclamation is carried out - backfilling with a layer of sand and soil, planting grass and plants, and other necessary work.

Waste is sorted and sent, depending on its content, to various landfills. In recent years, after waste sorting, they began to be pressed into briquettes with a significant decrease in volume (by 5–10 times). On such landfills, soil subsidence practically does not occur; in the USA, England and other countries, it is customary to arrange playgrounds for the widespread national game - golf on the uncultivated surfaces of landfills.

These are waste sorting bins that already exist abroad.

And they could be like that, for example, in our country, city.

Biotechnologies for the disposal of MSW are used everywhere on a small scale (with the exception of France, Sweden, the Netherlands). Composting is a biochemical process of decomposition of the organic part of MSW by microorganisms. Naturally, composting should be preceded by careful sorting of MSW. Compost does not contain a lot of nutrients compared to other types of fertilizers, but it improves the soil structure. Its main disadvantage is the presence of elements such as lead, zinc, copper, etc., polluting the soil.

Way to solve the problem:

Recycling (recycling) MSW

Even in the last century, D. I. Mendeleev wrote: "The main goal of progressive technology is to find a way to produce something useful from waste."

The environmental safety of MSW disposal requires their preliminary sorting, which determines the efficiency of MSW processing and the cost recovery for the construction of processing facilities. It is the sorting of solid waste that allows them to be reused.

In the first case, we are talking about reusable containers, primarily glass. Practice shows that in addition to reducing the consumption of raw materials, we have significant savings in electricity, and hence the fuel for its production. It takes less energy to wash a bottle than to melt it and make a new bottle from the resulting material (note that the energy costs for the production of a bottle from recycled materials are less than from primary ones).

The need to reuse household waste was discussed even before the general interest in the ecology of the planet. The recycling of used products and the reuse of glass containers peaked in the developed countries of Europe in the early 1990s.

2.3 Research methods

In the course of this project, we used

methods: visual observations;

photography;

statistical;

graphic;

3. Evaluation of the work done.

self control

Positive ratings.

We began to live by the rule: “Clean where they don’t litter!”, We began to consciously monitor cleanliness and order.

We developed our artistic abilities, observation,

ability to work with additional literature, computer.

Our speeches made us think about this problem, developed an active life position. We helped maintain cleanliness in the classroom, the scale of the entire school.

We have become a more cohesive group.

PRESENTATION.

Our presentation allows you to colorfully, visually highlight the important environmental problem of environmental pollution.

It can be used in ecology lessons, as well as by class teachers for class hours (see application).

Conclusion.

So far, mankind has come up with three fundamentally different ways of waste disposal: organizing landfills, recycling waste and incinerating it. However, none of them can be considered absolutely acceptable.

Recycling of waste is the most resource-saving way, but it is not always profitable both economically and environmentally. Taking garbage to a landfill is the cheapest, but at the same time the most short-sighted way to dispose of it. He is short-sighted primarily because garbage remains garbage.

Landfills (especially around large cities) occupy huge areas. Toxic substances that end up in landfills (in used batteries, accumulators, thermometers, etc., as well as in rotting food waste and decomposing plastics) penetrate into groundwater, which is often used as a source of drinking water, is dispersed by winds in the vicinity and thereby causing damage to the environment. In addition, as a result of decay processes without air access, various gases (methane, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, phosphide) are formed, which also do not refresh the atmosphere around the landfill. Some decay products (primarily diphosphine P2H4) are capable of self-ignition, so fires regularly occur in landfills, in which soot, phenol, benzopyrene are released into the atmosphere (contained in coal tar, tobacco smoke, air of large cities, soil; carcinogenic) and other toxic substances.

We see the following ways to solve the problems of Karaganda with garbage.

1. Carry out explanatory work with the population under the slogan "Clean where they don't litter!"

2. Elimination of garbage at unauthorized dumps within the city and suburbs.

3. Control by the city administration over the process of garbage removal to a designated place. Set penalties for violations.

4. Accelerate the construction and launch of waste processing plants, introduce waste sorting for recycling (waste paper, glass containers, scrap metal, etc.)

5. Increase the number of garbage containers or the frequency of arrival of garbage trucks.

By reducing the volume of garbage - reduce the problem!

Solving the problem of garbage - guaranteed health for everyone!

A city without GARBAGE - a clear conscience - good health!

We want to see our hometown only like this: http://www.bankr eferatov.ru/refb ank.nsf/M/2FD2BE 1F7E78ED46C32568 2E00261D0C - Environmental issues