The history of weapons - from ancient times to the present. Soviet Jews - the creators of weapons of victory Table on the history of the creators of weapons

The creation of weapons has always been relevant for mankind. And in this area of technical creativity, there were both successes, when the novelty was very effective when used against the enemy, and failures, when the new weapon turned out to be much more dangerous for the people using it than for the enemy. It is these potentially dangerous models that will be discussed in our review.

1. Panzer 68

In Switzerland, the PZ 68 tank was built in the 1960s, the purpose of which was to equip the country's army with modern tanks capable of withstanding the latest Soviet armored vehicles. Nearly 400 tanks were built and were eventually used until 2003. In theory, the PZ 68 was a formidable combat vehicle with an innovative computerized fire control system that allowed it to fire more accurately.

Also, the tank was distinguished by good maneuverability. However, this was all in theory, but in practice a number of problems were discovered. In 1979, a Swiss magazine published an "exposure" which substantiated that the tank actually had over 50 defects. Some of them were not critical. For example, the system of protection against radiation, biological and chemical threats did not work properly.

But other problems were more serious. For example, a tank could not move in reverse if it had not previously moved forward. In addition, the tank's turret jerked from side to side when the radio inside the vehicle was turned on: the radio frequencies used interfered with the operation of the tank's electrical control system. And what's more - the tank's gun could spontaneously fire when the heating inside the combat vehicle was turned on.

2. M22 Locust

It was a brilliant idea: a light tank that could be flown to the battlefield in a glider and thus provide paratroopers with more firepower. As a result, the M22 Locust was born - a tank that weighed only 8 tons (it was also only 4 meters long and 2.2 meters wide). The US produced over 100 of these tanks, which were armed with 37mm cannons. However, America never used them.

Many were handed over to the British, and some even took part in the battles of the allies during the crossing of the Rhine in Germany. Tanks turned out to be "terrible" weapons on the battlefield. One of them went down with the glider, and the other rolled over after landing. Even those tanks that landed successfully were so vulnerable on the battlefield that even a bullet from a rifle pierced them. At the same time, 37-mm guns turned out to be useless against tanks.

3. Sticky Grenade

In the late 1930s, the British Army, together with two Cambridge professors, developed an anti-tank grenade launcher, in which the grenade, after being hit, stuck to the armor of the tank, providing greater efficiency in the explosion. Initial testing was extremely disappointing, with the grenades bouncing off the armor. Then World War II broke out and the British were desperate to create an anti-tank weapon that could stop the German tanks.

As a result, they again remembered sticky grenades. Their new design consisted of a flexible outer casing, which was made of wool with an adhesive substance. Inside was a glass capsule. But the new sticky grenade stuck not only to the tank, but to everything, including the hands of the soldiers who tried to throw it.

4. Project X-Ray

The X-Ray project involved using bats to burn down Japanese cities. This concept was conceived by a dentist who was vacationing in Mexico where he saw tens of thousands of these animals. Bats tied with incendiary devices were to be dropped from aircraft over Japanese cities. It was understood that they were supposed to fly to flammable wooden houses, where after a while the explosive devices detonated.

In March 1943, the US government authorized the further development of this strange weapon. Testing proved that the concept worked. But one of the bats accidentally broke free while trying to photograph its movement. Fifteen minutes later, the mined animal exploded, after which almost the entire Air Force base where the tests were carried out burned down.

5. Submarine K-19

K-19 was the first nuclear submarine armed with ballistic missiles. However, the ship turned out to be literally "damned" from the very beginning. Several workers were injured during construction. The electrician was crushed by a fallen part, and the engineer crashed to death, falling into the barrel of a missile silo on a submarine. During the first mission, an emergency happened on a submarine - one of the nuclear reactors went haywire and was on the verge of destruction.

If the reactor melted down, it would kill everyone on board. The captain with 22 volunteers (out of 136 crew members) entered the reactor room to manually turn on the emergency device of the new cooling system. All 22 volunteers died from horrific radiation exposure. The submarine was decommissioned after 10 years when, in 1972, a fire on board killed 28 sailors.

6. Mogami-class cruiser

The Mogami-class cruisers were designed by the Japanese to adhere to the letter (but not the spirit) of the Washington Treaty (regarding the displacement of warships). These cruisers were supposed to be qualitatively superior to the light cruisers of any other country. The displacement of the new cruiser was 10,000 tons, as specified in the contract.

But at the same time, the Japanese tried to squeeze the maximum possible firepower into such a limited space, which made the ships very unstable. When sea trials were carried out, more problems arose. When the ships fired a volley of guns, the welds on the hull parted. After the tests, the gun turrets also jammed and a major overhaul was required.

7. Battleship-priest of the class "Novgorod"

In the 1870s, several Novgorod-class coastal battleship monitors were built in Russia for use in the Black Sea and the Dnieper. The creation of unusual ships was influenced by the calculations of a British shipbuilder, who claimed that the ideal shape of a ship is round. In theory, these coastal round ships allowed the use of heavier cannon armament for a given tonnage, were better protected from enemy fire, and were more manoeuvrable.

However, the reality was very different from the drawings. After the construction of two ships ("Novgorod" and "Kyiv"), a number of problems were discovered that led to the fact that such ships were practically useless. They moved too slowly against the current of the Dnieper, and they were very difficult to maneuver. When firing from guns, the ship completely got out of control and became very unstable. After three decades of service and a decade of inactivity, the Novgorod-class popovkas were scrapped just before the First World War.

8 Ross Rifle

The Ross Rifle, created by Sir Charles Ross, was a very accurate hunting rifle. The authorities of Canada, whose border troops have always been distinguished by enviable accuracy, have adopted this rifle into service. However, it turned out to be completely useless in the conditions of trench warfare (during the First World War). The Ross rifle was much longer than the British standard firearms and was simply too bulky in the trenches.

But these were not all problems. When firing, the bayonet fell off, and the internal mechanisms of the rifle were clogged with dirt in the trenches and failed. Canadians who were sent into battle with these rifles tended to discard them at the first opportunity and pick up the weapons of dead enemies.

9 Flying Bomb Aphrodite

The Aphrodite project was simple. Literally everything was taken out of decommissioned B-17 bombers, leaving only the fuselage and engines. Instead, they were "stuffed" with 5400 kilograms of explosives, thereby turning the planes into giant flying bombs. However, automated systems at that time could not take off on their own. Thus, the pilot and navigator had to take off, then transfer control to an automated radio control system and jump out with a parachute. The drone then flew radio-controlled to the target and destroyed it. This great idea turned out to be much more difficult in practice.

In 1944, the first mission with four aircraft ended in complete failure. One plane crashed and exploded shortly after takeoff in the UK. Two others also crashed, killing the pilots. The fourth plane successfully reached its target, but it crashed before it could do much damage. The second mission involved three aircraft. One of them crashed, and the other was shot down on the way to his goal. The third plane missed its target and fell into the ocean. After a dozen failed attempts, the project was closed.

10. Battleships of the Tegetthoff class

The ships of the Tegetthoff class became the world's first ironclads with three-gun turrets. They were designed and built in Austria-Hungary shortly before the outbreak of the First World War. "Tegetthoff" were distinguished by huge armor (armor belt of 280 mm), and 12 305-mm guns. In practice, they were useless due to the fact that they gave a dangerous roll during a sharp turn. As a result, the ships mostly stayed in port during World War II. During one of the flights in 1918, these two battleships were attacked by Italian destroyers. One escaped back to port, the other sank.

The development of new, sometimes simply incredible weapons, is ongoing today. It is possible that in the near future they will become a reality.

It is these potentially dangerous models that will be discussed in our review.

1. Panzer 68

2. M22 Locust

3. Sticky Grenade

4. Project X-Ray

5. Submarine K-19

6. Mogami-class cruiser

7. Battleship-priest of the class "Novgorod"

8 Ross Rifle

9 Flying Bomb Aphrodite

The Aphrodite project was simple. Literally everything was taken out of decommissioned B-17 bombers, leaving only the fuselage and engines. Instead, they were "stuffed" with 5400 kilograms of explosives, thereby turning the planes into giant flying bombs. However, automated systems at that time could not take off on their own. Thus, the pilot and navigator had to take off, then transfer control to the automated radio control system and jump out with a parachute. The drone then flew radio-controlled to the target and destroyed it. This great idea turned out to be much more difficult in practice.

10. Battleships of the Tegetthoff class

To protect themselves from wild animals and hostile people, they began to use various objects: snags and sticks, sharp stones, etc. It was from those distant times that the history of weapons began. With the development of civilization, new types of it appeared, and each historical era corresponds to more advanced ones than at the previous stage. In a word, weapons, like everything else on our planet, have gone through their own special evolutionary path throughout the entire history of existence - from the simplest to nuclear warheads.

Types of weapons

There are various classifications that subdivide weapons into different types. According to one of them, it is cold and gunshot. The first, in turn, is also of several types: chopping, stabbing, percussion, etc. It is driven by the muscular strength of a person, but a firearm operates due to the energy of a charge of gunpowder. Consequently, it was invented just when people learned how to get gunpowder from saltpeter, sulfur and coal. And the first to distinguish themselves in this were the Chinese (back in the 9th century AD). The history of weapons does not have exact data on the date of creation of this explosive mixture, however, the year is known when the “recipe” of gunpowder was first described in the manuscript - 1042. From China, this information leaked to the Middle East, and from there to Europe.

Firearms also have their own varieties. It is small arms, artillery and grenade launchers.

According to another classification, both cold and firearms are melee weapons. In addition to them, there are weapons related to weapons of mass destruction: nuclear, atomic, bacterial, chemical, etc.

Primitive weapon

We can judge what the means of protection were at the dawn of human civilization by the finds that archaeologists managed to get in the habitats. All these finds can be seen in various historical and local history museums.

The most ancient types of primitive weapons were stone or bone arrowheads and spears, which were found on the territory of modern Germany. These exhibits are about three hundred thousand years old. The number is, of course, impressive. For what purpose they were used, for hunting wild animals or for war with other tribes - we can only guess. Although the rock carvings to some extent help us to restore reality. But about the periods when writing was invented by mankind, literature, historiography, and painting began to develop, we have enough information about new achievements of people, including weapons. Since that time, we can trace the full path of transformation of these defensive means. The history of weapons includes several eras, and the initial one is primitive.

At first, the main types of weapons were spears, bows and arrows, knives, axes, first made of bone and stone, and later - metal (made of bronze, copper and iron).

Medieval weapons

After people learned how to work metals, they invented swords and pikes, as well as arrows with sharp metal tips. For protection, shields and armor (helmets, chain mail, etc.) were invented. By the way, even in ancient times, gunsmiths began to make rams and catapults from wood and metal for the siege of fortresses. With each new turn in the development of mankind, weapons were also improved. It became stronger, sharper, etc.

The medieval history of the creation of weapons is of particular interest, since it was during this period that firearms were invented, which completely changed the approach to combat. The first representatives of this species were arquebuses and squeaks, then muskets appeared. Later, gunsmiths decided to increase the size of the latter, and then the first appeared on the military field. Further, the history of firearms begins to state more and more new discoveries in this area: guns, pistols, etc.

new time

During this period, edged weapons gradually began to be replaced by firearms, which were constantly modified. Its speed, lethal force and range of projectiles increased. With the advent of weapons, it did not keep pace with inventions in this area. During the First World War, tanks began to appear in the theater of operations, and aircraft began to appear in the sky. In the middle of the 20th century, in the year of involvement in the Second World War of the USSR, a new generation was created - the Kalashnikov assault rifle, as well as various types of grenade launchers and types of rocket artillery, for example, the Soviet Katyusha, underwater military equipment.

Weapons of mass destruction

None of the above types of weapons can be compared with this one in terms of their danger. It, as already mentioned, includes chemical, biological or bacteriological, atomic and nuclear. The last two are the most dangerous. For the first time, mankind experienced nuclear power in August and November 1945, during the atomic bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the US Air Force. The history, or rather, its combat use, originates precisely from this black date. Thank God that humanity has never experienced such a shock.

Sylvester Krnka

The inventor of the rifle that changed the 19th century had a strange surname for our ears - Krnka. The Czech Sylvester Krnka invented a single-shot rifle in 1849, and in 1850 his weapons were tested, praised, but not accepted for service. Then it was believed that such weapons were unsuitable for military use.

But since the 1860s, the situation has changed. The tactics changed - the soldiers had to become more independent, show dexterity and have the ability to make quick decisions.

Krnk rifle

The scattered chain of independent shooters, of course, could no longer be satisfied with the old rifles with a smooth barrel, which must be loaded from the front after each shot. Soldiers, above all, needed trouble-free guns that can be loaded from the breech and in any position.

And already in 1869, the Russian Tsar decided to include the Krnka gun in the equipment of the Russian army. Perhaps, just for this reason, some people still consider Krnka to be Russian. Despite the fact that immediately after Russia, other countries drew attention to the invention of Krnka.

From seed drill to machine gun

Richard Gatling

American Richard Gatling became the inventor of the most powerful machine gun, whose ancestors are still featured in Hollywood films. The US Army uses the "grandson" of Gatling - a six-barreled Minigun.

Gatling, who received many patents in his life, and whose very first invention was a seeder, became famous for creating one of the first true examples of a machine gun that fired more than 700 rounds per minute. But Gatling himself called his invention a canister, and the machine gun was activated by muscular strength - the fighter rotated the handle, accelerating the barrels to the desired speeds.

Gatling gun

In addition, the machine gun was equipped with a gravitational ammunition supply system from the magazine, which provides automatic loading and firing of each barrel when the block is rotated. After its first brief appearance in the American Civil War, the Gatling gun proved far more effective in the Spanish-American War, while the British used its lethal force in the colonial wars against the Zulus in South Africa and the Mahdists in the Sudan.

"Peacemaker" Colt

Samuel Colt with a revolver

Samuel Colt was not the inventor of the revolver at all, but it was he who first replaced their piece-by-piece production by skilled gunsmiths with an assembly line. It was Colt's company that brought into mass production such weapons as the single-action revolver, better known as the "Peacemaker" or Colt 45. Initially, the "Peacemaker" was developed for the American cavalry, but it received its widest use during the days of the Wild West. According to one version, the .44-40 Winchester cartridges were used in the six-shot Colt, so the cowboys could use the same cartridges for both their rifles and pistols.

Winchester

Oliver Winchester

A rifle with a tubular underbarrel magazine, a longitudinally sliding bolt and reloading from a lever located under the neck of the butt, developed and released in the late 1850s. American inventor Henry based on the Volcanic pistol from Smith & Wesson. But businessman Oliver Winchester brought worldwide fame to the weapon, who in 1864 bought Henry's company and began to produce a rifle under his own name.

In 1866, the rifle underwent some changes in the store - now it began to be filled through the side window, and not from the side of the muzzle, as in the original model. True, the magazine capacity has decreased from 15 rounds to 12, but at the same time loading has accelerated. Over time, Winchester founded the Winchester Arms Company, which produced weapons.

Machine gun Maxim

Hiram Maxim with his brainchild

Sir Hiram Maxim was an American inventor who emigrated to Europe. Among his inventions, one can note a fire extinguishing system and the development of an aircraft with a steam engine, but his other creation, the fully automatic Maxim machine gun, received the greatest success. This weapon works on the principle of barrel recoil - it did not need to be reloaded manually, like a Gatling machine gun. In contrast, the recoil force in the Maxim machine gun threw out an empty cartridge and loaded a new one. Due to its clear advantages, the Maxim turned out to be much more effective and reliable than its rival weapons, therefore, in the First World War, both warring parties used this particular type of weapon, which remained in operation until the 1960s.

Inventor of pistols and machine guns

John Browning

In 1904, designer John Browning invents a new type of .45 caliber cartridge with improved stopping power. Based on this development, the designer creates a pistol - M1911, which was adopted in 1911. Over the decades of its service, the M1911 not only earned special respect, but also inspired great fear. Only after going through 2 world wars in Korea and Vietnam, the M1911 was replaced by the 9mm Beretta M9. The M1911 has earned respect for its accuracy and reliability, and despite twice the Beretta's magazine capacity and less chance of being accidentally fired, the M1911 is still preferred by many.

Another significant contribution of John Browning to the development of military technology was the invention of the most impressive machine gun ever created by man. Designed in the final stages of the First World War, the M2 was originally equipped with a water-cooled system, which was later replaced by an air-cooled one, which necessitated the replacement of the barrel with a heavier one. "Fifty dollars" is a rather bulky weapon (about 40 kilograms), however, a .50 caliber projectile fires with an energy that is 4 times higher than the energy of a conventional bullet. Such a projectile penetrates an inch of steel armor and is deadly when hit from a distance of two kilometers. M2 is still relevant, in addition, the model itself has not undergone any fundamental changes.

John Browning and the Browning machine gun

In total, for 71 years of his life, John Moses Browning created 37 models of rifled weapons and 18 smoothbore ones.

Bratsk revolver

Emil and Leon Nagant

The famous revolver was developed by the brothers Emil and Leon Nagant from Belgium. The first revolver of the original design was presented by the elder brother Emil for testing to the Belgian military department, and it was accepted into service as an officer and non-commissioned officer's weapon under the name "Model 1878 revolver". Several modifications of the revolver were produced in different calibers and barrel lengths. Soon, Emil Nagant, as a result of an illness, almost completely lost his sight, and Leon Nagant undertook the main work to improve the design.

Your word, Comrade Mauser

Peter Paul and Wilhelm Mauser

Another development of the brothers, but this time from Germany. Brothers Peter Paul and Wilhelm Mauser owned a company that produced small arms (mainly rifles).

In 1871, the brothers create a single-shot rifle chambered for 11 mm, demonstrated at the Prussian Royal Shooting School in Spandau, and it is accepted into service as the Gewehr 1871.

As for the legendary pistol, sung by Mayakovsky, before its creation, the brothers managed to create a Zig-Zag revolver, and in 1896 a self-loading pistol of the Mauser C96 model was developed, which, thanks to cinema and literature, became an integral part of the image of a security officer or commissar of the era of the Civil War in Russia.

In total, 15 models of rifles, eight models of pistols, three machine guns and six machine guns were created.

Berdanka

Hiram Berdan

The Berdan rifle No. 1 was developed by the American colonel, the hero of the American Civil War, Hiram Berdan, and improved by the Russians, Colonel Gorlov and Lieutenant Gunius. She had a hinged bolt with a forward stroke trigger.

Berdanka

It was adopted by the Russian army in 1868 as a “rifle rifle”, since, taking into account its excellent ballistics, at the end of the 1860s - beginning of the 1870s, it was armed primarily with rifle units (organizationally separate from the line infantry light infantry, mainly operating in loose formation with firearms and avoiding close combat).

Mosin rifle

Sergei Mosin

Artilleryman Mosin was sent to the Tula Arms Factory in 1875, where he developed his first repeating rifles. So, he improved the Berdan rifle by attaching an eight-round magazine to it. On April 16, 1891, a sample of the rifle was approved, the basis of which was developed by Mosin. Its original name was "Russian three-line rifle model 1891".

Mosin rifle

The rifle served until the end of World War II, although it was modernized several times.

A response to the assertion of Stalinophiles and anti-Semites that Stalin saved the Jews of Europe and the USSR from total annihilation.
Blatant lie!
The creators of the atomic bomb (in sharashkas Arzamas - 16):
Ioffe, Landau, Frisch, Khariton, Kurchatov (Russian), Zeldovich, Gurevich, Frank, Khalatnikov, Artsimovich, Khaikin, Ginsburg, Tamm (German), Kikoin, Rabinovich, Adamsky, Goldansky, Shapiro, Spinel, Semenovich ....
Creator of the Krug, Buk, Kub, S-300, Antey missile systems - Lyulyev
The creator of air defense and missile defense - Livshits A.L., and their control systems - Livshits M.I., Zalman
The creators of the La 5, La 7 aircraft, the supersonic La-160, the Dal and Burya air defense missiles are Lavochkin (Aizikovich), Taits, Felsner, Heifets (22 thousand aircraft were produced during the war years)
The creators of the MIG-Mikoyan, Gurevich aircraft, and the Mi-2,4,6,8,10,12,24 helicopters ...- Mil
Creators of TU-4. TU-8 - Tupolev (Russian), Kerber, Frenkel.
The creators of the Yak-1, Yak-4, Yak-9 Yakovlev (Russian), Donskoy, Zaks, Sonstein.
The creators of the PE-2 and PE-8 are Petlyakov (Russian), Isakson.
The creators of the aircraft (general and chief designers) were Bisnovat, Khorol, Iosilovich, Felsner, Weinberg, Chernyakov, Borin, Vigdorchik, Itskovich.
The creators of rocket science and aircraft engines - Kosberg, Shaposhnik, Bisnovat, Izakson, Neman, Ginsburg.
The creators of the KV and IS tanks and self-propelled guns SU and ISU-Kotin, and the engines for them - Vihman, Gorlitsky, Ber, Werner.
The creators of Katyusha are Schwartz, Gontmakher, Shor, Levin, Guy.
The creator of the N-37,NS-45,NS-23 aircraft guns, tank and anti-tank guns - Nudelman.
The creator of anti-aircraft systems - Levin, Lyulyev, Khorol.
The creator of the SU-152 self-propelled gun based on the T-34 is Gorlitsky.
Creator 160 mm. mortar - Teverevsky ..
The inventor of "hedgehogs" is General Gorikker.
People's Commissar for Armaments - Vannikov, People's Commissar for the tank industry - Salzman, aircraft industry - Sandler.
Directors of the largest aircraft and tank factories - Shenkman (La-5 and La-7), Gonor (Z-d "Barikad"), Fradkin (Z-d Voroshilov), Saltsman (- d Komintern), Goldstein (Z-d Molotov) , Rubinchik (factory Kr. Sormovo), Belyansky (Chelyabinsk factory Il-2), Lifshits (factory GAZ), Katsnelson (factory N 174), Lev (Altai factory) ... ..
Heroes of the USSR, even according to official, clearly understated, data, Jews occupy 3rd place, and in % respect 1st place, despite the fact that a Jew was assigned a Hero, he had to be him, like min. twice, or even thrice.
“Why am I a Hero, but he doesn’t shine?
It can be seen that the fifth column summed up in the questionnaire.
In Rybalko's armored forces alone, who "spit on all orders from above," there were as many Heroes - Jews as in all tank armies combined - such a Tashkent! And this is far from a complete list, complete on the site - "Jews at the head of the military industry during WW2" http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/rinarozen/post293711997/.
Songs written by:
Dunaevsky, the brothers Pokrass, Blanter, Tsfasman, Rosner, Basner, Tabachnikov, Katz, Fradkin, Kolker, the king of tango-O. Strok, Utyosov, Kolmanovsky, Matusovsky, Plyatskovsky, Dolmatovsky, Zharkovsky, Lisyansky, Frenkel, Svetlov, Laskin, Bezymensky, Kirsanov, Slutsky ....
And, as an anecdote, the song "Russian Field" is usually performed by I. Kobzon, words by I. Goff, music by Frenkel. So, practically, all the weapons and all the songs of the Victory were created by the Jews.
And since they accounted for less than 2% of the population of the Soviet Union, then, in order to at least catch up with them, it is necessary to name at least 70 Russian names equal in genius for each name mentioned.
They named only one thing: the atomic bomb, it turns out, was invented by Lomonosov - one!. Persecution of Jews after the war
After the end of the war, the department in the USSR began a flurry of activity to dismiss Jewish specialists under the slogan of "struggle against cosmopolitanism." One can imagine the state of a person who has given all his strength and energy to achieve victory and is now deprived of work, humiliated, insulted.
One of the first dismissed heads of the Main Directorates was Major General of the Engineering and Artillery Service Naum Emmanuilovich Nosovsky, who headed the artillery industry during the war years.
In July 1947, the head of the Main Directorate for the Production of Ammunition, Viktor Abramovich Zemlub, was fired.
The well-known builder, head of the White Sea-Baltic Canal Construction Department, Yakov Davydovich Rapoport, who was awarded five Orders of Lenin, was removed from all his posts.
The head of the First Main Directorate S.Ya. was removed from the People's Commissariat of the Chemical Industry. Feinstein, despite his great merits. The deputy people's commissars were fired: the aviation industry - Solomon Mironovich Sandler and non-ferrous metallurgy - Solomon Aleksandrovich Raginsky.
In the aviation industry, all directors of factories of Jewish nationality were removed. The last of them was fired the director of the Saratov aircraft plant, Israel Solomonovich Levin, who was awarded two Orders of Lenin and a commander's award - the Order of Kutuzov.
In the People's Commissariat for Mortar Weapons in 1958, there were three plant directors out of 40 directors and chief engineers who worked during the war years.
During the period from 1947 to 1953, more than 50 Jews - generals and admirals - were fired in the defense industry. This also affected the Hero of the Soviet Union, the head of the military engineering academy, Colonel-General Kotlyar, as well as a number of senior generals - Binovich (armored troops), S.D. Davidovich - head of the Research Institute of the tank industry and a number of others.
In 1947, the creators of the ammunition industry, Generals D.B. Bidinsky, S.G. Frankfurt, S.A. Nevstruev and others.
Among the dismissed were the first Heroes of the social. labor in the artillery industry, generals L.R. Gonor (who was arrested in 1953 and tortured during interrogations at the MGB) and A.I. Bykhovsky, directors of factories Fradkin, Khazanov, Shifrin, chief engineer of the Volga plant Olevsky.
The director of plant No. 69 - one of the leading in the aircraft industry, A.S. Kotlyar was put on trial on false charges of financial fraud.
At the beginning of 1951, the People's Commissariat of the Aviation Industry sent a report on the work with personnel to the mechanical engineering department of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which reported the dismissal of 34 directors and 31 chief engineers of Jewish nationality.
Jews were also fired in other industries, for example, in the automotive industry (P.I. Schwarzburg, B.M. Fitterman, and others). The tragic fate of the founder of the tank industry - People's Commissar Isaac Moiseevich Zaltsman.
The persecution of Jews continued even after Stalin's death. Jews were not hired anywhere, and workers were fired. Venerable professors, associate professors, teachers were expelled from educational institutions. Jews were not admitted to graduate school.
The “fifth point” in the passport closed the road to work and creative life.
The contribution of the Jews to the restoration and organization of a new defense industry during the war years is enormous, which is silent both in the USSR and in the Russian Federation. Without perfect weapons, victory in the war would have been impossible. The merit of the Jews in the creation of the defense industry of the USSR should go down in the history of the Second World War.
Literature:
I. Tsiperfin "To pass on to descendants the truth about the war". magazine "Aleph" #983
Mininberg L. Soviet Jews in science and industry of the USSR during the Second World War (1941-1945). Moscow. 1995.
Iosif Kremenetsky ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITY OF THE JEWS IN THE USSR.
http://www.usfamily.net/web/joseph/evr_v_prom_sssr.htm
Appendix.
State anti-Semitism in the USSR. The Case of the Jewish Engineers of the Stalin Moscow Automobile Plant
R.A. Rudenko and I.A. Serov - in the Central Committee of the CPSU on the partial rehabilitation of workers of the Moscow Automobile Plant convicted of participating in the so-called Jewish anti-Soviet nationalist group
01.08.1955
Central Committee of the CPSU
In November 1951, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR sentenced 41 people, former executives of the Moscow Automobile Plant named after Stalin and the Ministry of the Automobile and Tractor Industry of the USSR, to various penalties, including:
Eidinov A.F. - assistant director of the Stalin Moscow Automobile Plant;
Fitterman B.M. - chief designer of the Moscow Automobile Plant;
Goldberg G.I. — chief designer for electrical equipment of the Moscow Automobile Plant;
Schmidt A.I. - Deputy head of production of the automobile plant;
Genkin B.S. - pom. Minister of the Automotive Industry of the USSR and others, of which 11 people were sentenced to death.
All the convicts were found guilty of being members of the Jewish anti-Soviet nationalist group operating at the Moscow Automobile Plant, led by Eidinov, carried out subversive work.
Eidinov and a number of other persons convicted in these cases were also found guilty of being associated with American spies and sabotaging the workers' healthcare organization.
When considering cases in the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, the majority of those arrested denied deliberate wrecking activities at the automobile plant.
In the filed in 1952-1955. In the complaints, convicts Fitterman, Kogan, Goldberg and others categorically deny their guilt and claim that as a result of illegal methods of investigation they gave false testimony in 1950.
An audit carried out by the USSR Prosecutor's Office and the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR showed that Eidinov, Schmidt, Fitterman and others were convicted on the basis of insufficiently verified materials.
The accusation of Eidinov, Schmidt and some others that they were connected with American spies and assisted them in collecting secret materials about the Moscow Automobile Plant was based on the fact that the Jewish writers Persov and Aizenshtadt (Zheleznova) visited the automobile plant several times, where they talked with some Jews about the work of the factory.
The audit established that Persov and Aizenshtadt, as correspondents of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, with the permission of Eidinov, actually visited the car factory several times and, having compiled several essays on the life and achievements of the Jews working at the factory, published them in the American press. But by their very nature, these essays did not contain, and are not, anti-Soviet.
The accusation of the convicts of anti-Soviet slander on the national policy of the CPSU and the Soviet government was based only on their personal testimony, which the convicts, while serving their sentences in the camp, refused.
The witnesses interrogated during the inspection, in whose presence, as the convicts had previously stated, they had anti-Soviet nationalist conversations, did not give any evidence about the anti-Soviet activities of the convicts.
The accusation of Eidinov and others that they were members of an anti-Soviet group was not confirmed during the check.
The investigation into cases against former employees of the Stalin Automobile Plant and the Ministry of the Automotive Industry of the USSR was conducted with a gross violation of socialist legality.
Interrogated during the verification process, the former assistant to the head of the Investigative Department for Particularly Important Cases of the USSR Ministry of State Security, Sokolov, testified that “... before the start of the interrogations, the investigators assigned to conduct the case were summoned to Abakumov, who instructed to interrogate those arrested about espionage, wrecking and nationalist activities. Interrogations were conducted in this direction and charges were brought according to the same instruction.
At the same time, the audit showed that for a number of years the Moscow Automobile Plant named after Stalin had a vicious practice in the field of production planning, insufficient use of the plant's production capacity, reservation of finished cars in work in progress, launching cars into serial production without appropriate tests and illegal expenditure of material assets. .
The audit also confirmed that Eidinov, during his work at the automobile plant, grouped around himself persons of predominantly Jewish nationality from among the management and engineering and technical workers, who, due to their selfish and careeristic motives, had a negative impact on work and allowed theft of public funds.
In connection with the foregoing, the USSR Prosecutor's Office and the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR decided to submit protests to the Supreme Court of the USSR with a proposal to reclassify the corpus delicti to the following persons:
1. Help director of the automobile plant Eidinov, director of the catering plant of the automobile plant Persin, early. medical unit of the automobile plant Samorodnitsky, director of the dining room of the automobile plant Faiman, deputy. early press shop of the Weisberg automobile plant, deputy. early material and technical department of the automobile plant Dobrushin and the beginning. department of labor and wages of the automobile plant to Lisovich on articles 109 and 111 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, i.e. the malfeasance committed by these persons, and the cases against them on the basis of the Decree "On Amnesty" to stop.
2. Cases in relation to the beginning. workshop of the gearbox of the Mainfeld automobile plant, the chief designer for automotive electrical equipment of the Goldberg automobile plant and assistant. to stop Genkin, Minister of the Automotive Industry of the USSR, due to the absence of corpus delicti in their actions,
3. On the rest of the convicts, the cases should be terminated due to lack of evidence against the charges brought against them.
Prosecutor General of the USSR
R. RUDENKO
Chairman of the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR
I. SEROV
Members of the Presidium] of the Central Committee, Secretaries] of the Central Committee. Agree.
N. Khrushchev.
Without [protocol decision].