Insulating tape for pipes from water leakage. Modern waterproofing materials for pipes. Tapes based on bitumen and PVC for sealing pipelines

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The reliability of the sewer system is a quality that can only be discussed in cases where the structure does not leak. The need for sealing is not even worth discussing - it is needed, and the sewage system must be assembled in such a way that nothing leaks.

Of course, the sewer pipeline can also leak due to pipe wear, but practice shows that with poor-quality assembly, it is the joints that suffer first of all. If a sewer pipe is leaking, leaks must be sealed both when installing a new system and after repairing an old one.

In the old days, linen wrapping and oil paint were used for sealing. Today there are a lot of sealants, and all of them can be found on the market. About what sealants are, how to choose the right sealant for sewer pipes, and how to seal a sewer pipe will be discussed in this article.

Self-adhesive tape for sealing sewer pipes

Self-adhesive tape is one of the latest developments in this field. Such a sewer sealant is a white film of different widths wound on a spool.

The material boasts many advantages:

resistance to electricity;
good corrosion resistance, which protects pipes from rust;
ease of use;
high efficiency and reliability.

The tape can be used not only for sealing the joints of sewer pipes: it is often used when working with various shaped elements and fittings. Self-adhesive tape has one drawback that does not allow it to be used everywhere: the complete lack of resistance to ultraviolet radiation. In order to create a tight connection on a street lit by the sun, the tape will have to be covered with a protective material.

When using tape, certain conditions must be observed. First you need to carefully prepare the pipes so that the work is done at the proper level. The pipes are cleaned of dust and dirt deposits, and after that they must be dried well. It is advisable to coat the pipes with a primer before work.

When the pipes are processed, you need to take the tape and wrap it around the pipe in a spiral. The result should be the following: the self-adhesive tape will be tightly wound on the pipe, and any, even minimal folds, will be absent. To ensure maximum tightness of the pipe, the tape is wound with a half overlap, as a result of which the pipe is covered with not one, but two layers of film.

Silicone sealants for sewer pipes

Of course, self-adhesive tape is a very good material for processing joints, but other substances are used in construction. For example, silicone sealants are special materials that are applied to the area requiring sealing and harden upon contact with oxygen.

Silicone sealant for sewer pipes has several advantages:

good adhesion to the pipe material;
high resistance to different temperatures;
excellent resistance to moisture;
excellent mechanical strength;
long service life.

Sealant for sewer pipes can be made from different materials. The most popular material is silicone, or siloxane. The composition of the material includes silicone rubber and some additives that increase the adhesion and strength of the sealant. In the manufacture of the material, vulcanizing impurities are also used to accelerate the polymerization of the substance. As a result, after applying silicone sealant, an elastic material is obtained at the output, similar to rubber in its performance.

Silicone sealant for PVC sewer pipes can be divided into two types: neutral and acidic. This classification depends on which hardener is used in the material. The cost of acid sealants is usually lower, but it is desirable to use them only on certain surfaces.

Neutral sealants are suitable for any coating, so they are used in difficult cases. In general, silicone sealants work great in conjunction with plastic and metal pipes.

To squeeze out the sealant, a special device is used - a mounting gun. Sometimes this device is missing and cannot be used - in such situations, the plumbing sealant for the sewer can be removed with a hammer: its handle is inserted into the tube and pressed in, acting like a piston.

What and how to seal better

Pipes can be sealed with other materials. In construction practice, there are often cases of using technical sulfur, epoxy resin, hemp rope, resin strands, asphalt mastic, etc.

The most commonly used is epoxy resin. For its use as sealants, it is necessary to use cold curing hardeners (for example, polyethylenepolyamine) and hot curing (maleic anhydride is often used). Their number may vary from case to case, but on average the proportion can vary from 10:1 to 5:1. Epoxy resin is most often used when working at home.

Sewerage outlet can also be sealed with technical sulfur. To use it, it must be crushed, heated to a plastic state, after which it is poured directly into the internal cavity of the joints. Such a connection is made of Portland cement, only in this case it is necessary to prepare a solution.

Sewer pipes are also sealed with tarred hemp rope, which is excellent for working with cast iron and ceramics. Asphalt mastic and oil bitumen are obtained in the form of a fill that seals well the joints of ceramic pipelines.

Sealing cast iron pipes

The connection of cast iron pipes occurs as follows: the next one is inserted into the socket of the fixed pipe, and the place of their connection is sealed. To make the connection airtight, you can use the technology described below.

Linen unimpregnated tow is inserted into the gap between the connected pipes approximately 2/3 of the depth. When it is in the junction, it must be compacted in the socket - minted. Linen tow can be replaced with hemp, but it will have to be treated with resin. After these steps, a mixture of Portland cement and water (9: 1) is laid on top of the tow, and this sealant is placed in the free space of the joint.

Cement, if necessary, can be used to create a mixture. In this case, you need to add asbestos fiber, and the proportion will look like 2:1. Right before pouring into the pipe, a little water is added to the mixture to make a kind of "dough". All of the above materials can be replaced with silicone sealant, simply poured into the gap between the pipes. To prevent the sealant from drying too quickly, the place of its application is closed with a damp cloth or polyethylene.

Sealing the joint of cast iron and plastic pipes

When it becomes necessary to repair an old sewage system that used cast iron pipes, many owners try to take advantage of the opportunity and replace the pipes with plastic ones. But in the end, the question arises: how to seal sewer pipes made of different materials?

To perform such an operation, you will have to act according to such an algorithm. First, adapters are purchased that are used to connect pipes made of different materials. The cast-iron pipe must be thoroughly cleaned, and for better sealing, the socket should be degreased. Its internal cavity is further smeared with sealant, as is the outer part of the structure. The adapter is arranged in the socket, after which you need to wait until the sealant hardens. Then you can insert the pipes with each other, and they will be sealed with high quality. After some time, you need to test the sewer for tightness.

Conclusion

Sealing sewer pipes is not the easiest process, but there is nothing special about it: just follow the instructions and know what should happen in the end. Of course, it is important to choose the right sealant for sewer pipes. If everything was done correctly, then the sewage system will work perfectly, providing a high degree of comfort to users.

The water supply system is present in almost every modern house. The water supply system works under pressure, the weakest sections of the pipeline include various connections, it is for this reason that you need to be puzzled by the choice of sealant for the water supply pipeline.

When laying water supply systems, the joints are sealed in various ways, based on the material of the pipeline.

Types of sealants

There is a huge amount of sealing materials on the modern construction market. Do not use the same sealant for joints of steel and polypropylene pipelines. Therefore, in order to exclude leaks at the joints, it is necessary to carefully study the properties of the sealant used. This information is especially useful for a novice beginner.

Linen Sealant

The oldest sealing material for threaded connections, the history of its use has more than a dozen years.

The work of flax as a sealant is based on the swelling of its fibers under the influence of moisture. It should be used with great care for sealing threaded connections in water pipes made of thin-walled materials. Swelling and then expansion of the flax fibers can cause a rupture at the junction of the pipeline. The disadvantage of the connection is the destruction of the organic fibers of flax under the action of moisture and the weakening of the connection and the leakage of moisture through it. In addition, from constant moisture, metal parts begin to corrode, and when the site is disassembled, they fail.

It is unacceptable to use dry flax as a sealant for high pressure water supply pipes. In this case, the infiltration of water will occur very quickly.

As an alternative, flax fibers impregnated with paints and varnishes are often used. This is a more reliable option, but not without flaws. Since it is impossible to saturate 100% flax with paint, there remains the possibility of organic decay and seal failure over a longer period of time. Dismantling such a site is even more difficult.

It is more optimal to use flax in conjunction with silicone sealant for water pipes. In this case, the flax fibers are treated with silicone material. Assembly of pipes and connections is facilitated. Such connections may be tightened if necessary. The use of silicone sealant ensures tightness of the plumbing connections, even when the elements are not fully tightened.

fum tape

This is a thin polymer tape made of fluoroplast-4, wound on a plastic spool. She replaced sanitary flax, although she did not displace him.

In most cases, plumbers prefer fum tape as a sealing material (read also: ""). Thin tape winding at the junctions protects the water supply pipeline from leakage at the junctions.

Advantages of FUM tape

Temperature range of application from -70⁰С to +200⁰С;
Plastic;
Small thickness;
Does not rot, there are no corrosion damage to the metal in places of insulation;
Resistant to aggressive environments;
Improves the assembly quality of threaded connections by reducing the friction of the connected parts during installation;
Non-toxic in the observed temperature range of application.

There are special cases when the advantages of a fum tape turn into its disadvantages.

Disadvantages of fum tape

Not suitable for sealing large diameter joints
Reverse during installation is not allowed, as the tape is damaged
Full sealing is not provided in joints operating under vibration
Temperature fluctuations that expand the tape can cause the seal to fail.

plumbing thread

This is a synthetic material, the fibers of which are impregnated with a special non-drying compound. It has all the benefits of linen impregnated with sealant. It is not subject to rotting, better protects against corrosion.

The use of plumbing thread as a sealant for connecting water pipes allows you to position elements with a reverse stroke of up to 180⁰ (when using flax - only 90⁰). Incomplete tightening of the elements is allowed, while sealing is maintained. Due to the fact that the thread is very thin, a large consumption of material occurs. The only negative is the high cost of the sealant.

Liquid sealants

Produced in the form of a suspension. They are not used independently, only in conjunction with fiber materials. It will simply be forced out of the connection, this is especially noticeable in pipelines operating under high pressure. They are used as a lubricant for connections of water supply elements. When choosing a drying agent, you need to pay attention that when it dries, it shrinks.

Anaerobic sealant is an exception.

This plumbing pipe joint sealant dries in the absence of air without changing volume, protecting metal joints from corrosion and plumbing from leaking joints. There is a high-quality fixation with a minimum consumption of sealant.

Advantages of anaerobic sealant

Hardening occurs as a result of polymerization. Excess is well removed, as it does not harden in air.
Good adhesion, allowing the connection of plastic and metal pipelines
The ability to use not only for sealing water pipes, but also pipelines with aggressive agents due to the inertness of the sealant.
Successful application for pressure pipeline sealing.
It is possible to automate the sealing process.

disadvantages

Disassembly of threaded connections sealed with anaerobic sealant requires a special tool or preheating of the connection.

Features of using anaerobic sealant

When performing work below the required level, preheating of the elements is necessary for high-quality sealing. The sealant must be applied as evenly as possible, distributing it over the entire surface of the thread. It is allowed to apply sealant to both external and internal threads. Clean and degrease threaded connections before performing sealing work.

Typically, anaerobic sealant is available in tubes with droppers, which ensures its accurate and quick application, high-quality filling of thread gaps.

Anaerobic sealants differ in the composition of the components. Therefore, when choosing an anaerobic sealant, one must be guided by its technical characteristics and the operating conditions of the sealed elements.

Sealing of cast iron pipeline

Cast iron pipes are usually socketed. That is, there is an extension at one end of the pipe. Therefore, their sealing has its own characteristics. One pipe is inserted into the socket of the other, and the joint is minted. Usually a cable is used as a sealant. Kabolka is a vegetable fiber impregnated with mineral oil. The joint is sealed using a hand tool - chasing. The winding with a cable is made in several turns and is hammered tightly into the joint. After sealing, the joint is sealed with mortar. Experienced plumbers recommend adding PVA glue to the solution to increase plasticity.

There is another old, but not completely forgotten way of sealing socket joints. It is based on the strait of the joints of cast-iron pipes with hot sulfur. This method is very dangerous for health, because in the process of extinguishing burning sulfur with water, concentrated sulfuric acid is released.

Recently, sanitary sealant for pipe joints has been increasingly used to seal cast iron pipes. A rubber cuff is inserted into the socket connection for sealing. After the joints of the pipes, a sealant for polypropylene pipes is additionally used.

Sealing water pipes with tow

This is the easiest way to seal joints. Even experienced professionals use it in their work. Flax is very easy to use, you can twist a thread of any thickness from it, and depending on this, perform the number of winding turns.

For a quality connection, you need to follow some rules:

Tow for sealing should be soft without various inclusions.
Carry out the impregnation of tow carefully, as traces of impregnation are difficult to remove.
Protruding tow fibers from the place of sealing are removed to give aesthetics to the connection.

Divide the tow into strands, the thickness of the thread is about 1 mm, it is determined depending on the characteristics of the thread.
Apply a small amount of impregnating compound to the thread itself, distributing it evenly. This substance will serve as glue for the tow.
Wind the tow onto the thread. For right-handed threads, the fibers are wound clockwise; for left-handed threads, the fibers are wound counterclockwise.
Soak all wound tow with the composition
Connect pipeline elements

You can determine the amount of winding tow by experience. To do this, it is necessary to perform a test inclusion of water. Water seeping through the connection indicates that the tow is not enough. Do not try to wrap too much tow. Excess will create excessive stress, which can lead to thread failure, the connection will become unusable.

Regardless of which pipe sealant was used, wait for it to dry completely. The instructions for use will help you with this. Experienced plumbers are advised to start operating the water supply after two days from the date of assembly. This time is sufficient for any plumbing pipe sealant to dry.

The modern building materials market offers a wide range of products for sealing and waterproofing. In this variety, a special place is given to the sealing tape, which has a fairly impressive range of applications.

Peculiarities

Moisture can adversely affect structures, residential and industrial facilities, communications, various mechanisms and parts. Therefore, in the construction and household sectors, it is considered quite important to provide protection from such an impact. Manufacturers are constantly working on the creation of modern and high-quality insulation products.

Not so long ago, cement mortars, tow, metal plates, sealants and mastics were used to seal joints, cracks and seams. However, the rational component and manufacturability gradually replaced expensive and labor-intensive materials, which gave way to new universal and inexpensive products that perfectly cope with the task.

Sealing tape is one such multifunctional product that provides reliable insulation. The product is a bitumen-based composite material with self-adhesive ability, which is the main feature of this product. The mesh structure of the material contributes to a good quality of adhesion of the tape to the working surface.

The product has moisture-proof qualities and is able to take on different shapes, so it is very convenient to work with it, and the time required for installation is greatly reduced.

Among the positive properties of the product, one can also single out a good indicator of elasticity of raw materials at low temperatures, resistance to the harmful effects of various bacteria, mold and chemicals. The tape is absolutely safe for health and is therefore recommended for indoor and outdoor use.

Kinds

The product is a multilayer system, the basic elements of which are:

a waterproof layer of bitumen or rubber with a sticky adhesive mass, which is responsible for fixing the product with a sealed base;
high-strength aluminum foil that reliably protects the tape from tearing;
a special film that is removed before using the tape.

Such a composition makes it possible to perform durable sealing of any structure made from any raw material. Based on the scope of application, the main composition of the material is sometimes supplemented with layers of other components (for example, to increase the protective or thermal insulation properties).

Depending on the area of \u200b\u200buse of the tape, there are:

bilateral;
unilateral.

The first option assumes the presence of a working surface on both sides of the product, in contrast to the latter type.

Also presented range of sealing tapes is divided into two main types.

Products for working with window openings. They are tape products made of polypropylene with an adhesive base, due to which adhesion to the surface of windows and slopes occurs. Products are recommended for moisture protection of structures. Their use eliminates the need to purchase and use plaster and sealant. A variety of products for window openings is a vapor-permeable tape, similar in appearance to foam rubber. Its peculiarity lies in the ability to pass the condensate formed in the structure of the mounting foam. Products can be used at low temperatures.

Universal tape. It is made from special bitumen, on which an aluminum layer and a reinforced polyethylene film are applied.

Subspecies of this product are several product options:

Plaster. Its distinctive property is the structure of the adhesive layer. It allows you to instantly glue the surfaces together. Due to its good adhesion, the material is suitable for concrete, glass, natural stone, plastic and ceramics. Instead of finding a ribbon of the right color, the material can be easily dyed to the desired shade. The range of finished products of this type includes four color options.

Ecobit. In this case, a copper or aluminum film is applied to the base layer, which is protected by polyester. The material forms a high-quality waterproof coating on glass, metal, cement products. Due to this, the products are often used for repairing roofs, pipes, plumbing and sewerage.
Titanium. It features a polyurethane coating applied to an anti-condensation polyester base. This composition increases wind protection and softens the effects of temperature changes.

Masterflex. This material has a specific edge composition that favorably affects the level of sealing. The products are widely used for work with PVC structures, various metal surfaces, concrete bases. Such products are advised to be additionally fixed with nails or glued in two layers with an overlap.
Comfort. As part of this material there is a special membrane that can absorb moisture, and then, thanks to diffusion, remove it. The main component of the product is a special raw material, which is made from polyester fibers coated with polyurethane. The operating period of the product is about 10 years.

Also often on sale are butyl rubber tapes, which perfectly protect against steam and moisture. Most of them have a double-sided surface for fixing.

Scope of application

Self-adhesive tape is most often in demand in several areas of activity:

In construction and utilities– processing of seams between the panels of structures, tightness of window and balcony blocks, construction and repair of hard type roofing, as well as fixing rolled roofing products, installation of sewer and water communications, plumbing, installation of ventilation equipment, thermal insulation of the pipeline.

In transport engineering– work with the cabin of trucks and cars and repair of ships, sealing the cabin of special equipment and cars in order to reduce vibration.
In the oil and gas sector– ensuring protection against corrosion of pipeline seams, repair of insulation.
Domestic use– carrying out various repairs in apartments or private houses (including work related to clothing and plumbing in bathrooms and toilets).

Manufacturers

Sealing tapes are produced by a number of domestic and foreign companies. Most of the products have a fairly high level of quality, due to which its popularity among consumers is only growing.

The issue of sealing joints remains the most relevant when it comes to waterproofing. To work in this area, Nicoband tapes are produced. In fact, the products are adhesive tape with a set of specific positive features. Among them, one can single out a thick bituminous layer, which not only seals, but also seals the seams. The products are distinguished by their strength and elasticity, adhesion to all materials, as well as resistance to ultraviolet radiation.

This group of products is represented by three brands: Nicoband, Nicoband Duo, Nicoband Inside. The color range of products includes a variety of shades that allow you to combine products with roofing, including seam roofing. Nicoband products are recommended for interior and exterior renovation and construction. It can be used to seal joints of various materials, including metal, stone and wood, roofing, sealing pipes and structures made of polycarbonate, metal tiles, ceramic tiles, sealing ventilation.

Elastic tape "Vikar" LT is a self-adhesive non-curing product, which can be laid both in length and in width due to the presence of foil in the composition. The product is an excellent assistant in roof work, where it is additionally used to create strength in weak areas of roof waterproofing, in particular in the area of \u200b\u200bends and ridges, in places where chimneys and ventilation come out. You can work with the tape in the temperature range from -60 to +140 C.

"Fum" tape is most often used in the installation of pipelines of houses. It provides sealing of the thread in the device of gas supply or water supply. Products can be white or transparent. Such products are often sold in coils. The products are presented in three types, which are recommended for different applications based on the technical conditions of future work.

Ecobit from the Italian company Isoltema is another product used for roofing. The products provide tightness in the places where the chimney exits, ventilation and in the area of arranging roof window structures. As part of the tape there is a special kind of bitumen with polymers of special strength. A copper or aluminum coating is applied to the surface of the product.

It is convenient to work with the tape, performing protection and sealing around rounded roofing elements. Products are absolutely safe and do not contain harmful substances. The application technology does not require compliance with the temperature regime. In addition to roofing work, the tape is widely used for cement tiles, plastic or glass structures.

Sealing tape SCT 20 is available in black with self-adhesive mastic. It has excellent ozone and UV resistance. The product is recommended for carrying out repair work in places of damage to the SIP insulation.

July 25, 2016
Specialization: philological education. Experience as a builder - 20 years. Of these, for the last 15 years he led a brigade as a foreman. I know everything about construction - from design and the zero cycle to interior design. Hobbies: Vocal, psychology, quail breeding.

Greetings, my dear readers!

Many people know that when creating and repairing various engineering communications, it is important to reliably seal all elements. The reliability and efficiency of systems depends on this. Today I will tell you how to choose a sealant for pipes for water supply, sewerage, heating and smoke removal.

Category No. 1: materials for sealing water and sewer pipes

For sewer and water pipes, there are several types of seals.

Sealing tapes

Self-adhesive tapes specially designed for sealing pipe joints are a modern means of sealing. They have such merit.

Self-adhesive films are easy to use and have high efficiency.
Sealing tapes on a durable polyethylene base have good performance characteristics.
They are universal, they can be used to seal different types of pipelines (sewer and water), because they have anti-corrosion and dielectric qualities.
Tapes can be used not only for sealing pipe joints, but also for sealing system elements: tie-ins, plugs, corners, etc.

Prepare its surface for winding sealant: it must be cleaned of dirt, dust and dried.
When applying the tape to the pipe, make sure that it is constantly stretched, in addition - do not allow the formation of wrinkles and folds.
Wind the film, creating an overlap of 50 percent in a spiral. As a result of this, the entire surface to be sealed should be under the two-layer protection of the tape.

Plumbing tape does not resist UV light well. As a result, if the sealed section of the pipeline is exposed to the sun, it should be additionally protected from ultraviolet radiation over the film.

Silicone compounds

Silicone-based plumbing pipe sealant is another common sealant. Rubber silicone compounds are a composite of different substances that provide a high quality seal. They have good adhesion to the surfaces to be sealed and do not require pretreatment with a primer.

I want to warn you that according to the type of hardener, silicone sealants for sewer pipes are divided into the following types:

acid compounds. Their price is relatively low. However, they cannot be used to seal certain surfaces that may come into contact with acids.
neutral counterparts. They are universal and can be applied to all types of materials from which pipes are made.

With the help of silicone sealants, both metal and plastic pipes are sealed, but only sewer pipes.

Following the vulcanization of the silicone gel, after its application, it is converted into a material similar in quality to rubber. This process is directly affected by the moisture content in the air.

At the moment, they are of the highest quality, which is why sealants of the Tytan, Moment and Sinicon brands are popular. They are used not only for sealing joints of metal and plastic pipes, but also for repairing fistulas and cracks.

Let me show you how to use them:

Make sure the surface is dry and clean before sealing.
Next, carefully distribute the silicone gel along the junction of pipes or elements of the system.
The composition should not be smeared additionally. Apply it in 2-3 layers, slightly going beyond the borders of both sides of the joint.
It is highly undesirable to moisten the pipe not only before and during work, but also until the polymerization of silicone is completed.

Squeezing and distributing the sealant is extremely simple - using a special mounting gun. If not, you can use a regular hammer.
Insert its handle into the tube and press this kind of piston.

Epoxy resin

It serves, as well as adhesives based on it, the most used means for water and sewer pipes:

In water supply and wastewater systems, epoxy resin is used for cast iron and ceramic piping, which require a stronger mating than plastic counterparts.
The advantages of this sealant include its long service life and resistance to more than fifty chemically aggressive compounds.
"Epoxy" is not resistant only to sulfuric and nitric acids, hydrogen peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and fluorine compounds.

Hemp, jute rope

Another common sealant for water pipes made of metal and sewer analogs made of ceramics and cast iron is a jute or hemp rope, as well as a resin strand (kabolka). They are used to seal network sockets. I want to give you advice - the use of resin-impregnated rope is the preferred option.

Previously, only jute impregnated with resin was used to seal household communications. The principle of its operation is the same as that of self-adhesive tapes, but they are fixed in different ways.

Jute is an ordinary twine, tow. However, if it is impregnated with bitumen or resin, it is converted into a durable and strong sealant for sockets of ceramic and cast iron sewers.

Other funds

Cement is a common element in some sealants. It is most often used for the manufacture of asbestos-cement mixtures and for caulking sewer sockets made of cast iron.
Asphalt mastic and an analogue from petroleum bitumen are used for the production of casting compounds. They are needed to seal the joints and sockets of ceramic networks. For different types of pipelines, the following mastics are used: talc-bitumen, asbestos-polymer-bitumen, rubber-bitumen, polymer-bitumen, etc.

Technical sulfur is used to seal the sockets of cast iron sewer pipes. Before using, it must be crushed, then heated until melted. It should be said that this method is now rarely used, because. sulfur has a very pungent and unpleasant odor.

Category No. 2: seals for the heating system

We all have to install a new heating network, change radiators and threaded joint seals shortly before the heating season. Find out from my article which sealants can now be used for this.

Linen tow

At the moment, there are many seals for radiators and pipes of heating systems that belong to different generations. One of the oldest sealants is linen tow, planted on paint.

However, this material was good many years ago, now it is of little use. I'll explain why:

Flax is natural, i.e. degradable, hence short-lived sealant. Previously, cast-iron radiators were quietly operated for 40 years. However, now the conditions for the service of heating networks have become different. This sealant will have to be changed after 3-4 years.
The current paints have a composition that is different from what the Soviet counterparts had. They are absolutely not suitable as impregnation of flax fibers. Silicone doesn't work for this either. It contains vinegar, which will corrode the threads.

Modern high-rise buildings are not Khrushchevs with 2-5 floors. During pressure testing (testing pipelines for strength and tightness) and operation of the network of such a building, pressure up to 16 atmospheres is turned on. Linen sealant can be used at pressures up to 8 atmospheres.

As a result, the connections on the linen seal burst due to its swelling or cannot withstand the operating pressure in the heating system.

For apartments in a 1-5-storey apartment building, linen sealant can be used. There are only a few connections in the dwellings.
In your own house, cottage, the number of threaded mates on pipes can approach several hundred. It is highly undesirable to use linen sealant in them.

More modern means - polymer threads and anaerobic sealants

The photo shows the sealing of a pipe fitting with a polymer thread.

Linen, planted on paint, is gradually becoming a thing of the past. Now there is a more modern, reliable, safe and durable method of sealing pipes and elements of heating systems. It is based on the use of polymer threads and anaerobic gels.

The anaerobic sealant for heating polymerizes in conjunction when in contact with metal, completely filling the entire thread. The connection will last as long as the pipes, without replacements and leaks. He will not be afraid of high pressure and temperature, shock and vibration loads.
Polymer threads are also an excellent sealant for threaded assemblies of heating systems. They are suitable for sealing metal, PVC and polypropylene pipes, which are undesirable to be mated with gel materials. The operating temperature of the threads is not limited, and dismantling is easy.

In the table below, I present to you the technical characteristics of high-quality anaerobic gels from the Russian company PCT (Region Spetstechno).

Name	purpose	Characteristics
Gel "Santekh-master" (green)	Anaerobic sealant for metal flanges and threaded connections up to 1.5 inches.	Polymerization period: 20/30 min. Application temperature from +15º. Dismantling is easy. Volume: tube - 60 g, blister - 15 g. Fork operating temperatures -60/+150º. Ingredients: dimethacrylate polyglycol and modifiers.
Gel "Santekh-master" (blue)	Anaerobic sealant for metal threaded and flanged joints up to 2"	Polymerization period: 15/20 min. Installation temperature from +15º. Removal requires medium force. Volume: tube - 60 g, blister - 15 g. Ingredients:
Stop Master Gel (red)	Anaerobic sealant for metal flanges and threaded connections up to 3 inches.	The polymerization period is 5 minutes. Installation temperature +5º. For dismantling, heating is required. Volume: tube - 60 g, blister - 15 g. Ingredients: dimethacrylate polyglycol and modifiers. Fork operating temperatures -60/+150º.

Category No. 3: sealants for furnace equipment

Furnace equipment may crack due to temperature differences.

What are oven sealants for?

Through cracks can reach the chimney. Then soot on its walls and increased fuel consumption will not be all problems. Harmful combustion products will begin to penetrate into living rooms.
Chimney problems are not as common when made of quality ceramic or sandwich, but they are dangerous. For optimal traction, its channel must be sealed. This directly affects fire safety. Why?
Soot often settles on the chimney walls. If it is not cleaned in a timely manner, it can catch fire with the access of air oxygen. The ignition temperature will be quite high - up to + 1500º. If the thermal insulation of the heated pipe is poor, then the ceilings or the roof will light up.
Incomplete tightness of the chimney channel also leads to the fact that the fire of the gas burner goes out. This problem is widespread when using gas boilers.

To cover the cracks, as well as join the elements of the channel, it is best to use a pasty chimney sealant. The basis of such materials is different polymers that give different technical characteristics to the sealant.

They are packed in tubes of different configurations and volumes. There are packages that look like tubes of toothpaste. The sealant just squeezes out of them.

Tubes for mounting guns are also produced. In this case, on the cone of the lid, you need to cut off the spout, insert the sealant into the fixture and squeeze out the required amount of paste using the trigger lever.

Varieties of material

According to the release form, high-temperature seals are divided into two- and one-component.

The first of them must be mixed before use. In most cases, they are used by professional builders.
This is due to working conditions: when mixing components, you need to measure them very accurately. The maximum permissible error is only one gram.

In addition, with an accidental hit and a small proportion of the components into each other, the reaction begins, and the viability of the resulting mixture is only a few hours. Based on all this, for non-professional builders, I recommend using ready-to-use paste sealants.

Oven sealants are divided into two groups according to the area of application and maintained temperatures.

Heat-resistant seals are used for areas that are heated up to + 350º. The scope of their use: external surfaces of fireplaces and stoves, masonry joints (however, not between laying and casting the stove). They are also suitable for sealing joints between hot water and heating systems, sandwich chimneys and bricks with roofing.

Heat-resistant and heat-resistant counterparts are able to resist extremely high temperatures - up to 1500º. The scope of their use in fireplaces and stoves is the interface between brickwork and furnace casting. In boilers, they are used in furnaces and combustion chambers. In chimney channels - at seams and mates, including those that go immediately after the outlet pipe.

These pastes can be used in direct contact with an open flame. However, then the sealant must have an additional characteristic on the packaging: “fire-resistant” or “fire-resistant”.

Heat resistant seals

This type of high temperature seals are silicone based. The temperature regime that the composition is able to withstand may vary, based on the exact composition of the paste. So, to increase the thermal resistance, silicone is modified with iron oxide.

Such a paste keeps the temperature well up to +250º, with a short increase to +315º. Iron oxide colors the sealant in a brownish-reddish tone.

Therefore, using a similar composition for a brick oven or fireplace, you will not spoil their appearance, it will not be visible. It can also be used to seal the joints of heating pipes. However, aesthetics suffer here.

Based on its composition, the silicone material can also be neutral or acidic. The latest analogues, drying, release vinegar. As a result, such seals must not be used for corrosion-resistant cements, concretes and metals.

In this case, a reaction occurs between the base and the seal, which leads to the appearance of a layer of oxides or salts, they destroy the tightness. Then the seams and joints cease to play their role, starting to let air and moisture through.

Cement, concrete and metal can be sealed with silicone-based neutral seals, as when cured, they release alcohol and water. The main properties of neutral heat-resistant sealants are below.

UV resistant. As a result, they can be used outdoors, for example for sealing roof penetrations.
Moisture resistance. This parameter makes it possible to use such a composition for chimney channels. For example, to seal the seams and cracks in the passages of the roof, at the junctions of its flooring, to seal the threaded joints when installing heating.
Good adhesion to the base of different materials: concrete, brick, glass, metal, plastic, ceramics, wood.
The seal after hardening retains some elasticity, therefore it does not crack with slight vibration and deformation. However, plasticity also has its drawback - paint is not retained on silicone sealant. She peels and cracks.
The drying period of the material can be equal to several hours and several days. This parameter is affected by the composition of the sealant and its storage time. The fresher the sealant, the faster it dries. The drying period is indicated on the packaging.

Manufacturers measure this parameter at a humidity level of 50 percent and a temperature of 23º. Changing their values shortens or lengthens the drying time. The lower the humidity and temperature, the longer the sealant hardens.

The polymerization of the sealant starts from its surface and continues inward, it requires air moisture. Based on this, do not make the seams deeper than necessary, the silicone at the bottom simply may not harden. In this case, the joint or seam will let water or smoke through.

In order for the sealant to have a good adhesion to the base, I strongly advise you to prepare it.

First, clean the surface to the very foundation: remove dirt, dust, salts and oxides.
Then wash it with water and thoroughly degrease.
Silicone-based seals must not be used on damp surfaces. Therefore, before sealing, wait until the base is completely dry.
Silicone seal holds well on a smooth surface. However, to improve the grip, I recommend that you sandblast it, sandpaper it, or some other abrasive. Then wash the base again, wipe with a solvent and dry. Next, you can work with sealant.

All silicone-based oven materials are painted red or brown-reddish.

Heat-resistant analogues

Universal heat-resistant sealant is made on the basis of silicates. The operating temperature regime, which it withstands - up to +1300º, is able to endure short-term exposure to +1500º. This type of furnace sealant can be used in areas where there is direct contact with an open flame. In this case, the packaging of the sealant should be marked: "refractory".

Heat resistant seals are used:

for repair of leaks in heating boilers;
for sealing chimney pipes and sealing cracks in them;
for sealing areas of contact between brickwork and furnace casting;
for sealing fireclay masonry furnaces;
when installing a chimney from sandwiches, it is also highly desirable to coat their modular joints with a similar agent.

The exception is pyrolysis and condensing boilers, at the outlet their smoke temperature is up to +150º. Here you can use heat-resistant seals.

When it is planned to make a chimney channel or another element collapsible, apply sealant only at the joints. By loosening the two sections and crumbling the seal, you can separate them.
If you apply a layer of the agent to the entire surface, then the structure will become monolithic. You can't take it apart without damaging it.

Materials based on silicates have good adhesion to stone, brick, concrete, metal, cement mortar. However, I warn you that they are not firmly held on a smooth plane, as a result of which such surfaces require abrasive processing before applying the sealant.

I also want to note one point - it is possible to apply a sealant only at a range of positive temperatures: +5 / +40º. The best option is a temperature of at least + 20º, in which case the composition dries faster.

Once cured, the heat-resistant composition creates a strong and rigid, i.e. non-elastic seam. Based on this, silicate sealants can be used in areas that are not subject to vibration or are subject to it to a small extent. Otherwise, the material will crack.

However, non-plasticity has its plus - it makes it possible to paint the sealant. The silicone composition is distributed using a mounting gun and a thickness of not more than one centimeter.

I ask you to pay special attention to the fact that some types of heat-resistant sealants, once on the skin, can cause chemical burns. Based on this, when working with your own hands, wear rubber gloves on them and be careful.

Fire-resistant and heat-resistant oven sealants are painted in black or gray. They don't have any other colors..

They are not pure sealants, but a sealing adhesive.
These funds are transparent, they can withstand extreme temperatures up to + 200º.
Such compositions are chemically neutral, i.e. they do not react with salts and acids. The period of their drying is not affected by humidity and temperature. Thanks to this, they can be used outdoors and in the winter season.
Sealing adhesives are waterproof. Therefore, they can be used in rooms with a high level of humidity - in the shower, bath, bath, etc.
The relative disadvantage of such compositions is that they are not high-temperature.

Of these seals, I can recommend Soudal's "Fix All" sealing adhesive. It does not directly relate to heat-resistant counterparts, but it is perfect for repairing leaks, cracks in heating networks, as well as hot water supply, both in the pipes themselves and in fittings.

Popular brands of funds

Almost always, manufacturing companies write on the packaging of heat-resistant sealants their main purpose. For example: "sealer for chimneys, fireplaces and stoves." So, with a choice you will not be mistaken.

Soudal-C. The Belgian company Saudal manufactures a diverse range of sealing materials. Among them are heat-resistant analogues, there are also heat-resistant stove, fireplace seals "Soudal-Calofer". Such compositions are painted in black.

Penosil manufactures Penosil/+1500, a heat resistant oven sealant. It is black in color and can withstand temperatures up to +1500º. It polymerizes within 15 minutes.
The company also has heat-resistant analogues of red color, holding temperatures up to + 300º. They are acidic, so they cannot be used for concrete, cement and metal.
In the middle price segment, you can also find seals that are of good quality. For example, heat-resistant sealants of the Tytan and Bau-Master brands.

Under the Titan brand, the Selena-Group group of companies from Poland produces professional-grade building and finishing materials, including oven sealants. They are standardized and certified by DIN and ISO No. 9001.

Tytan's high temperature seal is modified with fiberglass to give the material a high degree of gas and smoke impermeability. It is able to withstand temperatures up to +1250º. This composition is suitable for chimneys and stoves.

Conclusion

Without pipe sealants, the effective operation of many engineering networks is impossible. Depending on the type of network, different types of seals should be used.

If you watch the video in this article, you will learn more information. Ask your questions in the comments.

So I say goodbye, and success to you in your endeavors!

July 25, 2016

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