Which basin does the Indigirka river belong to. Indigirka River: geographical information
The Indigirka River is a river in Yakutia. Geographical position The length of the river is 1726 km, the basin area is 360 thousand km 2. The beginning of the Indigirka is taken as the confluence of two rivers - Tuora-Yuryakh and Taryn-Yuryakh, which originate on the northern slopes of the Halkan Range; flows into the East Siberian Sea. The Indigirka basin is located in the area of permafrost, and therefore its rivers are characterized by the formation of giant icings. According to the structure of the valley and channel and the speed of the current, the Indigirka is divided into two sections: the upper mountain (640 km) and the lower plain (1086 km).
After the confluence of the Tuora-Yuryakh and Taryn-Yuryakh rivers, the Indigirka flows northwest along the lowest part of the Oymyakon highlands, turning north, cuts through a series of mountain ranges of the Chersky ridge. The width of the valley here is from 0.5-1 to 20 km, the channel is pebbly, there are many shivers, the speed of the current is 2-3.5 m/s. When crossing the Chemalginsky Range, the Indigirka flows in a deep gorge and forms rapids; flow velocity 4 m/s. This area is unsuitable even for rafting. Above the mouth of the Moma River, where the Indigirka enters the Momo-Selennyakh depression, the lower section begins. The valley of the Indigirka is expanding, the channel is replete with shoals and spits, in some places it breaks into branches. Having rounded the Momsky Range, the Indigirka flows further along the low plain. It is very winding on the Abyiskaya lowland, on the Yano-Indigirskaya lowland, the Indigirka is characterized by straight long stretches 350-500 m wide. 500 km2). The mouth of the Indigirka is separated from the sea by a shallow bar.
Author of the photo: Kirill Uyutnov
Indigirka river located in Russia and flows through the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Belongs to the basin of the East Siberian Sea.
Indigirka River: geographical information
Flows from south to north. Indigirka begins at the junction of the Taryn-Yuryakh and Tuora-Yuryakh rivers, which flow from the Halkan mountain range.
Not far from the village of Orto-Balagan, which is located in the Oymyakonsky district of the Republic of Yakutia. After Indigirka river flows through Momsky, Abysky district and about 120 kilometers from the village of Oyotung, Allaikhov region of Yakutia, flows into the East Siberian Sea.
The largest settlements on the river are: Chokurdakh, Khonuu, Belaya Gora, Ust-Nera, Oymyakon. The main marinas are: Tabor, Khonuu, Chokurdakh, Druzhina. You can get to the river along the M56 Magadan-Yakutsk highway and the Ust-Nera-Kadykchan highway.
Tributaries of the Indigirka
The source of the Indigirka River includes large tributaries: on the right side is the Nera River. On the left side are the rivers: Kuidusun, Elgi, Kuente. The lower course of the river includes large tributaries: on the right side, these are the Badyarikha and Moma rivers. On the left side are the rivers: Uyandina, Selennyakh, Allaikha, Berelyokh. Small tributaries of the Indigirka River: on the right side: Chubukalakh, Nelkan, Chiya, Echenka, Tikhon-Yuryakh, Khatys-Yuryakh, Ilin-Eselyakh, Berelekh, Dakhatekha, Uchyugey, Berezovka. Good rest on Lake Sevan (Armenia). On the left side: Achchygyi-Chagachannakh, Tyi-Yuryakh, Ulakhan-Chagachannakh, Sarylakh, Inyali, Volchan, Taskan, Tirekhtyakh, Atabyt-Yuryakh, Kieng-Yuryakh, Arga-Yuryakh, Talbykchan.
The upper reaches of the river are the slopes of the Halkan mountain range. When the rivers Tuora-Yuryakh and Taryn-Yuryakh, Indigirka merge, they flow along the lower part of the Oymyakon highlands. When the waters cross the Chemalginsky Range, just above the mouth of the Moma River, the Indigirka flows through the Momo-Selennyakhskaya Basin. Bypassing the Momsky mountain range, the Indigirka River flows through the lowland plains. After it flows through the Yano-Indigirskaya and Abyi lowlands. The river has a basin, which is located on the territory of permafrost rocks, it is for this reason that the formation of large ice floes can be explained.
The soil near the river near the village of Vorontsovo is of alluvial origin, since the Indigirka River in flood brings a large amount of plant particles of characteristic morphology.
The Indigirka River in Russia: Interesting Facts
The territory of Yakutia, where the Indigirka River flows, is located almost from the southern to the northern border of the republic. Yakutia belongs to the boundaries of four zones of geography: taiga forests (80 percent of the republic's area), forest tundra, tundra, arctic desert.
The river has a length of 1726 kilometers. The drainage basin has an area of 360,000 square kilometers. On average, water is consumed at Ust-Nera in the amount of approximately 428 cubic meters per second. The largest flow reaches 10,600 cubic meters per second. Near the village of Vorontsov, from 1,570 cubic meters per second to 11,500 cubic meters per second. The water level fluctuates from 7.5 - 11.2 meters. The highest water level can be observed in June or early July.
According to its structure, the river bed, along the high-speed course, as well as the structure of the valley - Indigirka is conditionally divided into two zones: the upper mountain length is 640 kilometers and the lower flat length is 1086 kilometers. After the Chersky mountain range, the valley acquires a width of 500 meters to 20 kilometers, the high-speed current is 2-3.5 meters per second. During the crossing of the Chemalginsky mountain range, the Indigirka river flows in a deep cave and creates rapids, the current in this place has a speed of 4 meters per second.
In the Momo-Selennyakhskaya basin, a lower river section appears. The valley of the Indigirka River in it begins to expand, the bed has shallows and spits, sometimes branches into branches. But on the Abyi lowland, the river begins to wind. On the Yano-Indigirskaya lowland, the Indigirka River is characterized by open long stretches, their width reaches 350-500 meters.
At 130 kilometers from the mouth, the Indigirka River begins to divide into tributaries (Russian mouth, Kolyma, Sredny). A delta of 5,500 square kilometers is formed. Directly from the East Siberian Sea, the river mouth is isolated by a shallow sandbank.
The Indigirka River flows in the northeast of Siberia, through the territory of Yakutia. The name of the river comes from the Even generic name Indigir - "people of the Indi clan". Russian explorers of the 17th century. this name was pronounced as Indigirka - just like the name of other large Siberian rivers: Kureika, Tunguska, Kamchatka.
The Indigirka is formed by the confluence of the Hastakh and Taryn-Yuryakh rivers, in the upper reaches it flows along the Oymyakon plateau, cuts through the Chersky ridge along a narrow deep valley, and in the lower reaches it flows along the Yano-Indigirka lowland. The bed of the Indigirka is very winding. Indigirka is divided into two sections according to the structure of the valley and channel, as well as the speed of the current: the upper mountain (length 640 km) and the lower plain (length 1086 km).
At the confluence with 130 km from the mouth, the Indigirka is divided into branches (Russian mouth, Sredny and Kolyma), forming a delta with an area of 5.5 thousand km 2.
Almost half of the annual runoff occurs during the flood period in May - July. Because of the permafrost rocks along which the river flows, it is characterized by the formation of giant ice-taryns, and in winter the Indigirka in the lower reaches completely freezes over.
Since the river in many places is filled with rapids and shivers, navigation along the Indigirka is possible only in the middle and lower reaches, from the confluence of the Moma River (406 km).
Compared to other rivers of North-Eastern Siberia, the Indigirka is not rich in fish, but the one that is there is of valuable species: sterlet, burbot, shooting gallery, muksun, peled, vendace, whitefish, nelma, omul, whitefish, and flounder enters the mouth of the river.
The Indigirka basin is a well-known gold mining area.
“All the rifts, but the rifts ...” - this line from the song of the bard Alexander Gorodnitsky perfectly describes the nature of the Indigirka riverbed.
Indigirka flows from the southern to the northern border, crossing four geographical zones (from south to north): taiga forests, forest tundra, tundra and the arctic desert.
It was only in 1926 that the expedition of the Soviet geologist and future academician Sergei Vladimirovich Obruchev (1891-1965), the son of the famous traveler and explorer Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (1863-1956), managed to study in detail the channel of the Indigirka. In 1926-1935. S. Obruchev studied the Indigirka basin and for the first time established that there are commercial gold reserves here. S. Obruchev continued and completed the study of a large mountain system in the Indigirka basin, begun by I. D. Chersky (1845-1892), and named it after the discoverer - the Chersky Range.
At present, Indigirka remains one of the main water transport arteries in the North-East of Russia. On its shore is the northern pole of cold - the village of Oymyakon. In 1933, a temperature of -67.7°C was recorded here. True, a number of experts consider Verkhoyansk to be the pole of cold.
Less famous is another attraction of Indigirka - the abandoned city of Zashiversk. It was founded in 1639, in 1783-1805. was a county town, but after the smallpox epidemic of 1812-1856. the inhabitants left it, and by the end of the 19th century it was completely empty.
general information
Location: Siberia.Flows through the territory of the Russian Federation(The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Type of nutrition: mixed with a predominance of rain and melt water (snow, glacial and ice).
Source: confluence of the Khastakh and Taryn-Yuryakh rivers.
Mouth: East Siberian Sea.
Major tributaries: right - Moma, Bodyarikha, Nera; left - Settlements, Uyandina, Allaiha, Bereloh.
Major cities: Ust-Nera - 8385 people (2010), Belaya Gora - 2194 people. (2010), Chokurdakh - 2105 people. (2010), Khonuu - 2,000 people. (2012), Oymyakon - 512 people. (2012).
Numbers
Length: 1726 km.Pool area: 360,000 km2.
Average water consumption: 1850 m 3 / s.
The range of level fluctuations: 7.5 and 11.2 m (highest levels in June - early July).
Solid runoff: 13.7 million tons
Climate and weather
sharply continental.■ In the village of Chokurdakh, at the mouth of the Indigirka, one of the northern ports of Russia is located: the duration of navigation is less than three months.Geographic Encyclopedia
The river in the east of Yakutia is 1726 km, the basin area is 360 thousand km2. It is formed by the confluence of the Khastakh and Taryn Yuryakh rivers. It flows along the Oymyakon highlands, then cuts through the ridge. Chersky, downstream on the lowlands. It flows into the East Siberian m., Forming ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
INDIGIRKA, a river in the east of Yakutia. 1726 km, sq. basin 360 thousand km2. It is formed by the confluence of the Khastakh and Taryn Yuryakh rivers. It flows along the Oimya horse highlands, then cuts through the Chersky ridge, the lower course in the lowlands. It flows into the East Siberian Sea ... Russian history
Exist., Number of synonyms: 1 river (2073) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
A river in Russia, in the east of Yakutia. 1726 km, basin area 360 thousand km2. Formed by the confluence of the river. Hastakh and Taryn Yuryakh. It flows along the Oymyakon highland, then cuts through the Chersky ridge, the lower course in the lowland. It flows into the East Siberian ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Indigirka- the river flows into the East. Siberian Sea; Yakutia. At the heart of the hydronym Indigirka is Evensk. generic name indigir people of the genus indi (Gir Evensk. Plural suffix). Russian explorers of the 17th century. the name was adopted from Russian. suffix ka, which ... ... Toponymic Dictionary
Indigirka- a river that flows into the East Siberian Sea, Sakha (Yakutia). The hydronym Indigirka is from the Even generic name indigir - "people of the Indi clan" gir is an Even plural suffix). explorers of the 17th century. the name was adopted from Russian ... ... Geographical names of the Russian Far East
River in the Yakut ASSR. The length is 1726 km, the basin area is 360 thousand km2. It originates from two sources Khastakh and Taryn Yuryakh on the northern slopes of the Halkan Range; flows into the East Siberian Sea. Basin I. is located in the development area ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The river of the Yakutsk region, which irrigates the districts of Verkhoyansk and Kolyma, originates on the northern slope of the Stanovoy Range and is formed from the confluence of two rivers, the Omyokon and Kuydusun. I. flows into the Arctic Ocean by 4 mouths, of which the east. called Kolyma ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Indigirka- (Indigirka) Indigirka, a river, in Yakutia, S. V. Siberia, Russia. It flows in the north for 1779 km, from the Suntar Khayata ridge to the East Siberian Sea, forming a wide delta ... Countries of the world. Dictionary
The Indigirka River is located in Yakutia, part of the East Siberian Sea.
History reference
The river got its name from the generic Even name Indigir, which means people of the Indi clan. Development began by the Cossacks in the first half of the 17th century.
Source
The mouth of the river is formed by two reservoirs, these are Tuora-Yuryakh and Taryn-Yuryakh, which originate in the Halkan Mountains. It flows down the territory of Yakutia, and near the Allaikhovsky district of the republic flows into the sea.
Characteristics
The Indigirka River is divided into:
- Upper mountain area (640km)
- Lower Plain (1,086 kmZ).
Indigirka river photo
The banks of the river are mountain highlands, ridges, chains, and then abruptly give way to depressions and lowlands. The basin was formed on the site of rocks that have long frozen under the influence of low temperatures and climatic conditions. Near the coast there are many alluvial soils.
The length of the Indigirka is more than 1.7 thousand kilometers, with a basin area of 360 thousand square kilometers. The depth ranges from 7.5 to 11 meters. The width is different on the upper and lower sections of the river - from 500 meters to 20 kilometers. There are many rapids, estuaries, and deltas in the basin. The river is separated from the sea by a small shallow bay.
The climate is sharply continental. In winter, the average temperature is -40 degrees, in summer +14 degrees. Summer is short and winter is long. The average flow velocity is 3m/s. Flowing into the East Siberian Sea, it forms a delta, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 5,500 square km.
Indigirka on the map
Indigirka on the map photo
River mode
The nutrition of Indigirka is mixed, it is carried out due to snow, rain, and melting ice. High water is typical in spring and summer. In winter, the entire river freezes, since the water temperature drops to minus 50. The river is covered with ice in October, the river opens in late May, early June.
Flora and fauna
The river passes through taiga, tundra, forest tundra and arctic forests. The local ichthyofauna is very rich in fish - 29 species, including:
- Chir;
- Omul;
- Sturgeon;
- Nelma;
- Vendace;
- Keta;
- Pink salmon;
- Muksun.
Cities
On the banks of the river there are a lot of settlements, both large and small, most of which are located in Momsky, Abysky. Allaikhovskiy and Oymyakonskiy districts. The largest cities are Oymyakon, Belaya Gora, Chokurdakh, Khonuu.
river Indigirka. Oymyakon city photo
tributaries
Large tributaries are located in the upper and lower reaches, which are located on the right and left banks. For example, large arms are Nera, Moma, Uyandina, Allaikha, Elgi. Chiya, Arga-Yuryakh, Talbykchan, Taskan, Berelekh are considered much smaller tributaries.
Economic activity
Minerals are mined: coal, gold. Fishing and reindeer husbandry are developed. Indigirka is one of the most significant waterways of the North-East of Russia.
Tourism on the river
Travelers who visit Yakutia go in for fishing and rafting and kayaking in the summer.
Indigirka river photo
- One of the busiest transport routes in the country, along which river transport runs.
- On the river is the village of Oymyakon, which is considered the pole of cold.
- Quite an interesting monument of the 19th century. considered the city of Zashiversk, which became a monument to the entire population, which at the end of the 19th century. died from a smallpox epidemic.
- Scientists explain the origin of the name of the hydronym as the name of the Evenki tribe - Indigir, which had a generic origin. It meant the dog river or people from the Indy family.
beauty of Russia. Indigirka river photo