It refers to the period of unrest in the Russian state. Troubled times in the history of Russia

The Time of Troubles at the beginning of the 17th century is one of the most difficult and tragic periods in Russian history, which had a decisive influence on the fate of our state. The name itself - "Trouble", "Time of Troubles" very accurately reflects the atmosphere of that time. The name has, by the way, folk etymology. Causes:

1. Severe systemic crisis of the Moscow state, largely associated with the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Contradictory domestic and foreign policies have led to the destruction of many economic structures. Weakened key institutions and led to loss of life.

2. Important western lands were lost (pit, Ivan-gorod, Karela)

3. Social conflicts within the Moscow state sharply aggravated, which engulfed all societies (the royal power and the boyar aristocracy, boyars and nobles, feudal lords and peasantry, church and secular feudal lords, tribal aristocracy and serving aristocracy, etc.)

4. Intervention of foreign states (Poland, Sweden, England, etc. regarding land issues, territory, etc.)

5. Dynastic Crisis:

1584. After the death of Ivan the Terrible, his son Fyodor took the throne.

1591. Under mysterious circumstances, the youngest son of the formidable, Dmitry, died in Uglich.

1598. Fedor dies, the dynasty of Kalita's house is stopped.

Stages:

1. 1598-1605. The key figure is Boris Godunov. He, by decision of the Zemsky Sobor, was elected to the royal throne in 1598. He was known as a cruel politician, was a guardsman, had an extraordinary mind. With his active participation, in 1598 a patriarchate was established in Moscow. He dramatically changed the nature of the domestic and foreign policy of the state (the development of the southern outskirts, the development of Siberia, the return of western lands, a truce with Poland). Consequently, there is a rise in the economy and an aggravation of the political struggle. In 1601-1603 crop failure, famine and food riots begin. During this period, the first False Dmitry appeared on the territory of Poland, received the support of the Polish gentry and entered the Russian land in 1604. In April 1605, Godunov died unexpectedly. In June, False Dmitry 1 entered Moscow. After 11 months, in 1606, he was killed as a result of a conspiracy.

2. 1606-1610. This stage is associated with Vasily Shuisky, the first "boyar tsar". He ascended the throne immediately after the death of False Dmitry 1 by decision of the Red Square, giving a cross-kissing record of a good attitude towards the boyars. On the throne, he faced many problems (the uprising of Bolotnikov, LD2, Polish troops, the collapse of the SU, famine). Shuisky managed to solve only part of the problems. In 1610, the Polish troops defeated Shuisky’s detachments and he was overthrown from the throne and the regime of the seven boyars was established, the boyars wanted to invite the Polish prince Vladislav to the throne with a guarantee of the inviolability of the faith and the boyars, and also that he himself changed faith. This was protested by the church, and there was no answer from Poland.

3. 1611-1613. Patriarch Hermogenes in 1611 initiated the creation of a Zemstvo militia near Ryazan. In March it laid siege to Moscow and failed because of internal disagreements. The second was created in autumn, in Novgorod. It was headed by K. Minin and D. Pozharsky. The money collected was insufficient to maintain the militia, but not small either. The militias called themselves free people, at the head was the Zemstvo Council and temporary orders. On October 26, 1612, the militia managed to take the Moscow Kremlin. By decision of the boyar duma, it was dissolved.

Results:

1. The total death toll is equal to one third of the population.

2. Economic catastrophe, the financial system was destroyed, transport communications, vast territories were withdrawn from agricultural circulation.

3. Territorial losses (Chernigov land, Smolensk land, Novgorod-Severskaya land, Baltic territories).

4. Weakening of domestic merchants and entrepreneurs and strengthening of foreign merchants.

5. Emergence of a new royal dynasty On February 7, 1613, the Zemsky Sobor elected 16-year-old Mikhail Romanov. The first representatives of the dynasty (M. F. Romanov - 1613-1645, A. M. Romanov - 1645-1676, F. A. Romanov - 1676-1682). They had to solve 3 main problems - the restoration of the unity of the territories, the restoration of the state mechanism and the economy.

The Time of Troubles occupies a serious place in the history of Russia. This is the time of historical alternatives. There are many nuances in this topic that are generally important for understanding and assimilation as soon as possible. In this article, we'll take a look at some of them. Where to get the rest - see the end of the article.

Causes of troubled times

The first reason (and the main one) is the suppression of the dynasty of the descendants of Ivan Kalita, the ruling branch of the Ruriks. The last tsar of this dynasty, Fyodor Ioannovich, son, died in 1598, and from the same time the period of the Time of Troubles in the history of Russia begins.

The second reason - more the reason for the intervention in this period - that at the end of the Livonian War, the Muscovite state did not conclude peace treaties, but only a truce: Yam-Zapolsky - with Poland and Plyussky with Sweden. The difference between an armistice and a peace treaty is that the first is only a break in the war, and not its end.

Course of events

As you can see, we are analyzing this event according to the scheme recommended by me and other colleagues, about which you can.

The Time of Troubles began directly with the death of Fyodor Ioannovich. Because this is a period of “kinglessness”, kingdomlessness, when impostors and people, in general, were ruled by chance. However, in 1598 the Zemsky Sobor was convened and Boris Godunov came to power - a man who long and stubbornly went to power.

The reign of Boris Godunov lasted from 1598 to 1605. During this time the following events took place:

The terrible famine of 1601-1603, which resulted in the uprising of Cotton Clubfoot, and the mass exodus of the population to the south. As well as dissatisfaction with the authorities.
Speech of False Dmitry the First: from the autumn of 1604 to June 1605.

The reign of False Dmitry I lasted one year: from June 1605 to May 1606. In his reign the following processes continued:

False Dmitry the First (aka Grishka Otrepyev)

The growth of dissatisfaction with his rule among the boyars, since False Dmitry did not respect Russian customs, married a Catholic, began to distribute Russian lands as estates to the Polish nobility. In May 1606, the boyars, led by Vasily Shuisky, overthrew the impostor.

The reign of Vasily Shuisky lasted from 1606 to 1610. Shuisky was not even elected at the Zemsky Sobor. His name was simply "shouted", so he "enlisted" the support of the people. In addition, he gave the so-called cross-kissing oath that he would consult with the boyar thought in everything. The following events took place during his reign:

Peasant war led by Ivan Isaevich Bolotnikov: from the spring of 1606 to the end of 1607. Ivan Bolotnikov acted as the governor of "Tsarevich Dmitry", the Second False Dmitry.
Campaign of False Dmitry II from the autumn of 1607 to 1609. During the campaign, the impostor could not take Moscow, so he sat down in Tushino. There was a dual power in Russia. Neither side had the means to defeat the other side. Therefore, Vasily Shusky hired Swedish mercenaries.
The defeat of the "Tushinsky thief" by the troops of Swedish mercenaries led by Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shuisky.
Intervention of Poland and Sweden in 1610. Poland and Sweden were at this time in a state of war. Since Swedish troops, albeit mercenaries, ended up in Moscow, Poland got the opportunity to start an open intervention, considering Muscovy an ally of Sweden.
The overthrow of Vasily Shuisky by the boyars, as a result of which the so-called "seven boyars" appeared. The boyars de facto recognized the power of the Polish king Sigismund in Moscow.

The results of the Time of Troubles for the history of Russia

First result The unrest was the election of a new reigning Romanov dynasty, which ruled from 1613 to 1917, which began with Michael and ended with Michael.

Second result was the withering away of the boyars. Throughout the 17th century, it was losing its influence, and with it the old tribal principle.

Third outcome- devastation, economic, economic, social. Its consequences were overcome only by the beginning of the reign of Peter the Great.

Fourth Outcome- instead of the boyars, the authorities relied on the nobility.

PS.: Of course, everything you read here is available on a million other sites. But the purpose of the post is concise, briefly talk about the Troubles. Unfortunately, all this is not enough to complete the test. After all, there are many nuances left behind the scenes, without which the second part of the test is unthinkable. That's why I invite you to Andrey Puchkov's preparation courses for the Unified State Examination.

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Chronology

1605 - 1606 Board of False Dmitry I.
1606 - 1607 The uprising led by I.I. Bolotnikov.
1606 - 1610 The reign of Vasily Shuisky.
1610 "Seven Boyars".
1612 Liberation of Moscow from interventionists.
1613 Election by the Zemsky Sobor of Mikhail Romanov to the kingdom.

Time of Troubles in Russia

The unrest in Russia at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th century was a shock that shook the very foundations of the state system. Three periods in the development of the Troubles can be distinguished. First period - dynastic. This is the time of the struggle for the Moscow throne between various applicants, which lasted up to and including Tsar Vasily Shuisky. The second period is the social. It is characterized by the internecine struggle of social classes and the intervention of foreign governments in this struggle. The third period is national. It covers the time of the struggle of the Russian people with foreign invaders until the election of Mikhail Romanov as tsar.

After death in 1584. was succeeded by his son Fedor incapable of affairs of government. “The dynasty was dying out in his face,” remarked the British ambassador Fletcher. “What a king I am, it’s easy to confuse me in any business, and it’s not difficult to deceive,” is a sacramental phrase put into the mouth of Fyodor Ioannovich A.K. Tolstoy. The brother-in-law of the tsar, the boyar Boris Godunov, became the actual ruler of the state, who withstood a fierce struggle with the largest boyars for influence on state affairs. After death in 1598. Fedor, the Zemsky Sobor elected Godunov tsar.

Boris Godunov was an energetic and intelligent statesman. In conditions of economic ruin and a difficult international situation, he solemnly promised on the day of his wedding to the kingdom, "that there will be no poor person in his state, and he is ready to share his last shirt with everyone." But the elected king did not have the authority and advantage of a hereditary monarch, and this could call into question the legitimacy of his being on the throne.

Godunov's government reduced taxes, freed merchants for two years from paying duties, and landowners for a year from paying taxes. The king started a great construction, cared about the enlightenment of the country. A patriarchate was established, which increased the rank and prestige of the Russian Church. He also led a successful foreign policy - there was a further advance to Siberia, the southern regions of the country were being mastered, and Russian positions in the Caucasus were being strengthened.

At the same time, the internal situation of the country under Boris Godunov remained very difficult. In the conditions of an unprecedented scale of crop failure and famine of 1601-1603. there was a collapse of the economy, people who died of starvation were considered hundreds of thousands, the price of bread rose 100 times. The government took the path of further enslavement of the peasantry. this caused a protest of the broad masses of the people, who directly linked the deterioration of their situation with the name of Boris Godunov.

The aggravation of the internal political situation led, in turn, to a sharp drop in Godunov's prestige not only among the masses, but also among the boyars.

The biggest threat to the power of B. Godunov was the appearance in Poland of an impostor who declared himself the son of Ivan the Terrible. The fact is that in 1591, under unclear circumstances, he died in Uglich, allegedly having run into a knife in a fit of epilepsy, the last of the direct heirs to the throne Tsarevich Dmitry. Political opponents of Godunov attributed to him the organization of the assassination of the prince in order to seize power, popular rumor picked up these accusations. However, historians do not have convincing documents that would prove Godunov's guilt.

It was under such conditions that he appeared in Russia False Dmitry. This young man named Grigory Otrepiev called himself Dmitry, using the rumors that Tsarevich Dmitry was alive, “miraculously saved” in Uglich. The agents of the impostor intensively disseminated in Russia the version of his miraculous salvation from the hands of the murderers sent by Godunov, and proved the legitimacy of his right to the throne. The Polish magnates provided some assistance in organizing the adventure. As a result, by the autumn of 1604, a powerful army was formed to march on Moscow.

The beginning of the turmoil

Taking advantage of the current situation in Russia, its disunity and instability, False Dmitry with a small detachment crossed the Dnieper near Chernigov.

He managed to win over to his side a huge mass of the Russian population, who believed that he was the son of Ivan the Terrible. The forces of False Dmitry grew rapidly, cities opened their gates to him, peasants and townspeople joined his troops. False Dmitry moved in the wake of the outbreak of the peasant war. After the death of Boris Godunov in 1605. the governors also began to go over to the side of False Dmitry, in early June Moscow also took his side.

According to V.O. Klyuchevsky, the impostor "was baked in a Polish oven, but hatched in a boyar environment." Without the support of the boyars, he had no chance for the Russian throne. On June 1, the letters of the impostor were announced on Red Square, in which he called Godunov a traitor, and promised “honor and promotion” to the boyars, “mercy” to the nobles and clerks, benefits to merchants, “silence” to the people. The critical moment came when people asked the boyar Vasily Shuisky whether the tsarevich was buried in Uglich (it was Shuisky who headed the state commission in 1591 to investigate the death of tsarevich Dmitry and then confirmed the death from epilepsy). Now Shuisky claimed that the prince had escaped. After these words, the crowd broke into the Kremlin, destroyed the houses of the Godunovs and their relatives. On June 20, False Dmitry solemnly entered Moscow.

It turned out to be easier to sit on the throne than to stay on it. To strengthen his position, False Dmitry confirmed the serf legislation, which caused the discontent of the peasants.

But, above all, the tsar did not live up to the expectations of the boyars, because he acted too independently. May 17, 1606. The boyars led the people to the Kremlin, shouting “Poles are beating the boyars and the sovereign,” and as a result, False Dmitry was killed. Vasily Ivanovich ascended the throne Shuisky. The condition for his accession to the Russian throne was the restriction of power. He swore "not to do anything without the Council", and this was the first experience of building a state order on the basis of a formal sovereignty restrictions. But the normalization of the situation in the country did not happen.

The second stage of confusion

Begins second stage of confusion- social, when the nobility, capital and provincial, clerks, clerks, Cossacks enter the struggle. However, first of all, this period is characterized by a wide wave of peasant uprisings.

In the summer of 1606, the masses had a leader - Ivan Isaevich Bolotnikov. The forces gathered under the banner of Bolotnikov were a complex conglomerate, consisting of different layers. There were Cossacks, and peasants, and serfs, and townspeople, a lot of service people, small and medium feudal lords. In July 1606, Bolotnikov's troops went on a campaign against Moscow. In the battle near Moscow, Bolotnikov's troops were defeated and were forced to retreat to Tula. On July 30, the siege of the city began, and after three months the Bolotnikovites capitulated, and he himself was soon executed. The suppression of this uprising did not mean the end of the peasant war, but it began to decline.

The government of Vasily Shuisky sought to stabilize the situation in the country. But both the service people and the peasants were still dissatisfied with the government. The reasons for this were different. The nobles felt Shuisky's inability to end the peasant war, while the peasants did not accept the feudal policy. In the meantime, a new impostor appeared in Starodub (in the Bryansk region), declaring himself to have escaped “Tsar Dmitry”. According to many historians, False Dmitry II was a protege of the Polish king Sigismund III, although many do not support this version. The bulk of the armed forces of False Dmitry II were Polish gentry and Cossacks.

In January 1608. he moved to Moscow.

Having defeated Shuisky's troops in several battles, by the beginning of June, False Dmitry II reached the village of Tushino near Moscow, where he settled in a camp. Pskov, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vologda, Astrakhan swore allegiance to the impostor. Tushino occupied Rostov, Vladimir, Suzdal, Murom. In Russia, in fact, two capitals were formed. Boyars, merchants, officials swore allegiance either to False Dmitry or Shuisky, sometimes receiving salaries from both.

In February 1609, the Shuisky government concluded an agreement with Sweden, counting on help in the war against the “Tushinsky thief” and his Polish troops. According to this agreement, Russia gave Sweden the Karelian volost in the North, which was a serious political mistake. This gave Sigismund III an excuse to move to open intervention. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth began hostilities against Russia in order to conquer its territory. Polish detachments left Tushino. False Dmitry II, who was there, fled to Kaluga and, ultimately, ingloriously ended his voyage.

Sigismund sent letters to Smolensk and Moscow, where he claimed that, as a relative of the Russian tsars and at the request of the Russian people, he was going to save the perishing Moscow state and its Orthodox faith.

The Moscow boyars decided to accept help. An agreement was concluded on the recognition of the prince Vladislav Russian tsar, and before his arrival to obey Sigismund. On February 4, 1610, an agreement was concluded that included a plan for the state structure under Vladislav: the inviolability of the Orthodox faith, the restriction of freedom from the arbitrariness of the authorities. The sovereign had to share his power with the Zemsky Sobor and the Boyar Duma.

August 17, 1610 Moscow swore allegiance to Vladislav. And a month before that, Vasily Shuisky was forcibly tonsured by the nobles as monks and taken to the Chudov Monastery. To govern the country, the Boyar Duma created a commission of seven boyars, called " Seven Boyars". On September 20, the Poles entered Moscow.

Sweden also launched aggressive actions. Swedish troops occupied a significant part of the north of Russia and were preparing to capture Novgorod. Russia faced a direct threat of loss of independence. The aggressive plans of the aggressors aroused general indignation. December 1610. False Dmitry II was killed, but the struggle for the Russian throne did not end there.

The third stage of turmoil

The death of the impostor immediately changed the situation in the country. The pretext for the presence of Polish troops on Russian territory disappeared: Sigismund explained his actions by the need to “fight the Tushino thief.” The Polish army turned into an occupational army, the Seven Boyars into a government of traitors. The Russian people united to resist the intervention. The war took on a national character.

The third period of turmoil begins. From the northern cities, at the call of the patriarch, detachments of Cossacks led by I. Zarutsky and Prince Dm begin to converge towards Moscow. Trubetskoy. Thus was formed the first militia. In April - May 1611, Russian detachments stormed the capital, but did not achieve success, as internal contradictions and rivalry between the leaders affected. In the autumn of 1611, the desire for liberation from foreign oppression was vividly expressed by one of the leaders of the Nizhny Novgorod Posad Kuzma Minin, who called for the creation of a militia to liberate Moscow. Prince was elected leader of the militia Dmitry Pozharsky.

In August 1612, the militia of Minin and Pozharsky reached Moscow, and on October 26 the Polish garrison capitulated. Moscow was liberated. The Time of Troubles or the “great devastation”, which lasted about ten years, is over.

Under these conditions, the country needed a government of a kind of social reconciliation, a government that would be able to ensure not only the cooperation of people from different political camps, but also a class compromise. The candidacy of a representative of the Romanov family suited different strata and classes of society.

After the liberation of Moscow, letters of convocation of the Zemsky Sobor for the election of a new tsar were scattered around the country. The council, held in January 1613, was the most representative in the history of medieval Russia, reflecting at the same time the balance of forces that had developed during the war of liberation. A struggle broke out around the future tsar, and in the end they agreed on the candidacy of 16-year-old Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, a relative of the first wife of Ivan the Terrible. This circumstance created the appearance of a continuation of the former dynasty of Russian princes. February 21 1613 Zemsky Sobor elected Mikhail Romanov Tsar of Russia.

Since that time, the rule of the Romanov dynasty in Russia began, which lasted a little more than three hundred years - until February 1917.

So, concluding this section related to the history of the “Time of Troubles”, it should be noted that acute internal crises and long wars were largely generated by the incompleteness of the process of state centralization, the lack of necessary conditions for the normal development of the country. At the same time, it was an important stage in the struggle for the establishment of the Russian centralized state.

The Time of Troubles is a deep crisis of the country in all sectors of society, which reigned in Russia at the turn of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

The causes of this phenomenon can be called the actions that took place, followed by sad and well-known consequences. At one time, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible convened a council, which consisted of only boyars. The convened body helped to govern the state to his son, Fedor, who, due to health reasons, could not cope with this on his own. Under the tsar, a boyar group appeared, headed by Boris Godunov. After the death of Fedor, he began to rule the country.

In 1601, the impostor False Dmitry appeared in the Commonwealth. He, taking advantage of the situation, begins to assert to everyone that he is the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible Dmitry. However, this deception was not successful and he died a year later. During the reign of Vasily Shuisky, peasant uprisings occur. A new impostor appears on the scene - False Dmitry II. At this time, two rulers actually reign in the state. What are the reasons for this time?

Until now, scientists interpret the causes of this tragic time in different ways. The great Russian historian N.M. Karamzin made a special emphasis on the political crisis that prevailed at that moment in the country. The fact is that at the end of the sixteenth century the great Rurik dynasty was cut short. The monarchy weakened, and the question arose - who will ascend the throne?
Historian S.M. Solovyov speaks of the Time of Troubles as a struggle of the state against anarchy, which, in his opinion, was represented by the Cossacks. A more generalized approach to the topic of unrest was singled out by S.F. Platonov, who defined it as a complex interweaving of the actions of various political forces and social groups.

dynastic crisis. The main cause of the Time of Troubles, of course, can be called a dynastic crisis. Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich dies of illness on January 7, 1598, leaving no heir. He had an only daughter who died nine months after her birth.

Many researchers say that Fedor was not ready to reign in Russia. Being too weak, he did not participate much in government. And Ivan the Terrible himself spoke of his son: "A fast, more for a cell than for sovereign power." Everyone knew that Fyodor Ivanovich was ruled by Godunov. To consolidate his power, he married the tsar to his sister, Irina Feodorovna. The king was buried in the Archangel Cathedral.

The youngest son of the Terrible, Tsarevich Dmitry, who was born from a marriage with Maria Naga. After the death of Ivan Vasilyevich in 1584, the boy and his mother were sent to the city of Uglich. Some sources say that Uglich was given to the prince by his father, but it is not known how reliable this information is.

In May 1591, the prince played with knives. During this game, Dmitry suddenly had an epileptic attack. In convulsions, he accidentally stabbed himself in the throat with a knife. After modern research on this "falling disease", it becomes clear that the prince himself could not hit himself, since his hands are not able to hold any objects and the person himself loses consciousness.
Tsarina Maria herself claimed that her son was stabbed to death by some people, from which it followed that this was done on a direct order from Moscow. The alleged criminals were torn to pieces by the crowd immediately.
Thus, the country was left without a king.

The Hungry Years 1601–1603. Because of the crop failure in 1601, many landowners let go and drove their peasants away. Some of them, wanting to get rich and at least somehow feed themselves and their families, hunted robberies on the roads. Part of the peasants rushed to the capital, where Tsar Boris Godunov handed out gold from the treasury. According to some reports, almost 127 thousand people died of starvation in Moscow. This hunger was the beginning of disease.

During the Great Famine, an uprising of Khlopok broke out and impostors arose, claiming that they were Tsarevich Dmitry, who had miraculously survived. The Godunov dynasty was waiting for a terrible finale - after the death of Boris, his wife and son were killed. The throne was occupied by False Dmitry the First.

Revolts and riots. The most famous is the uprising of Bolotnikov, who called himself "voivode of Tsarevich Dmitry". This uprising broke out in the southern parts of the country. Tsar Vasily Shuisky, elected by the Zemsky Sobor, promised the surrendered "not to shed blood." Formally, he kept his promise, because he executed everyone in bloodless ways - by hanging, or by drowning.
Intervention. Tensions within the state were very beneficial for foreign states, primarily for Poland and Sweden. At that moment, Polish troops often attacked Russia. And at the head of this army was False Dmitry II. This invasion was the height of the Time of Troubles. This problem was solved already at the end of the dark days. In 1617, the Treaty of Stolbovsky was signed with Sweden. Under its terms, Novgorod was returned to the country, but access to the Baltic Sea was lost.
In 1618, after the defeat of the troops of the Commonwealth, the Deulino truce was signed between the countries. The country ceded Smolensk lands. But under this condition, Poland returned the Russian prisoners, among whom was the father of the king, Filaret.
The split of the state and society. The flight of peasants was widespread, the Cossacks declared their independence. The Cossack circle became autonomous. The power is elective, the Cossacks had no center. They, without hesitation, went from serving their homeland to robbery attacks, or vice versa.

The consequences of the turmoil were tragic: Russia lost some of its territories. The economy of the country fell into a deep decline. Robbery reigned on the roads, which significantly affected trade and handicrafts. However, there were also several positive influences on the results. The Time of Troubles gave impetus to reforms, the authorities began to rule with a new trend, taking into account the needs of the social classes. Oddly enough, in a difficult time for Russia, it acted independently - attempts to found new dynasties were frustrated. And, in the end, Russia steadfastly won back its national independence, thereby strengthening the self-consciousness of the people.

After the death of Ivan the Terrible, the country plunged into real chaos. The heir to the throne, Fyodor Ivanovich, was not able to conduct political affairs in the country, and Tsarevich Dmitry was killed in infancy.

This period is called the Time of Troubles. For several decades, the country was torn apart by potential heirs to the throne, seeking to gain power by any means. And only with the coming to power of the Romanovs in 1613 did the Troubles begin to subside.

What uprisings took place at this time, and is it possible to highlight their key moments?

Rebellion period	Main actors	Results of the uprising
1598-1605	Boris Godunov	After the death of Fyodor Ivanovich, the Rurik dynasty came to an end, and a real war unfolded around the succession to the throne. From 1598, long days of crop failure began in the country, continuing until 1601. During this period, the first anti-feudal performances of serfs fall. Since Boris Godunov was not the true heir to the throne, his right to the throne was disputed in every possible way, and the appearance of False Dmitry I became the reason for the overthrow of Godunov.
1605-1606	False Dmitry I, Marina Mnishek, Vasily Shuisky	The people wanted to believe that the royal dynasty had not ceased, and therefore, when Grigory Otrepiev began to convince everyone that he was the true heir to the throne, the people believed it with pleasure. After the wedding with Marina Mnishek, the Poles began to rampage in the capital, after which the power of False Dmitry I began to weaken. Led by Vasily Shuisky, the boyars raised a new uprising and overthrew the impostor.
	Vasily Shuisky, False Dmitry II, Marina Mnishek	After the overthrow of False Dmitry I, Vasily Shusky seized power. After a series of vague reforms, the people began to grumble, as a result of which the belief was revived that Tsarevich Dmitry was alive. In 1607, False Dmitry II appeared, who tried to impose his power until 1610. Along the way, the widow of False Dmitry I Marina Mnishek also claimed the throne.
1606-1607 years	Ivan Bolotnikov, Vasily Shuisky.	Dissatisfied residents of the country rose up in revolt against the rule of Vasily Shuisky. Ivan Bolotnikov stood at the head of the uprising, but despite the successes at first, Bolotnikov's army was eventually defeated. Vasily Shuisky retained the right to rule the country until 1610
1610-1613 years	F. Mstislavsky, A. Golitsyn, A. Trubetskoy, I. Vorotynsky	After Shuisky suffered several serious defeats from the Poles in the Russian-Polish war, he was overthrown, and the Seven Boyars came to power. 7 representatives of the boyar families tried to establish their power by swearing allegiance to the Polish king Vladislav. The people did not like the prospect of serving the Poles, so many peasants began to join the army of Dzhedmitry II. Along the way, there were militias, after which the power of the Seven Boyars was overthrown.
January-June 1611 - First militia September-October - Second militia.	K. Minin, D. Pozharsky, Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov	First, the militia flared up in Ryazan, but there they were able to quickly suppress it. After a wave of discontent moved to Nizhny Novgorod, where Minin and Pozharsky stood at the head of the militia. Their militia was more successful, and the invaders even managed to capture the capital. However, already in October 1613, the interventionists were driven out of Moscow, and after the Zemsky Sobor of 1613, the power of the Romanovs was established in Russia.

As a result of several decades of the Time of Troubles, the situation in the country was worse than ever. Internal uprisings weakened the state, making Ancient Russia a tasty morsel for foreign invaders. The establishment of the power of a new royal family was inevitable, and after a long debate, the Romanovs were in power.

Ahead of the country was 300 years under the rule of the Romanovs, technological progress and the Age of Enlightenment. All this would have been impossible if the Troubles had not been suppressed in time, and the disputes for the throne would have continued.