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How to open a bathhouse from scratch - Step by step business plan. Floating bath - key features of construction

It is believed that a bathhouse installed on the site of a country house is more a whim of the owner than a necessity. In the village, such a building is rather a necessary attribute of life, since it performs a number of functions here. From time immemorial people have washed, washed, treated, guessed, and sometimes lived here when the dwelling was being built. A floating bath is more of a luxury than a necessity, but such buildings look truly spectacular.

In ancient times, baths were installed near water bodies, which significantly accelerated the time for water intake. At the same time, floating buildings were rarely built, because the discharge of dirty water would quickly turn a picturesque reservoir into a sewer, and our ancestors knew a lot about good water. Nowadays, modern materials make it possible to build floating structures on rafts or pontoons without fear of polluting the water.

It is the floating bath that will become the topic of this article.

Features of the construction of floating baths

If you are interested in a floating bath, then before developing a project, you should consider the following aspects:

  1. There is environmental legislation prohibiting the construction of such buildings in the nature protection zone. Depending on the type of natural reservoir, this zone can take from 50 meters (for river sources) to half a kilometer (for large lakes).
  2. Placing a building on a raft will be possible only if dirty water is discharged outside the water protection zone, entering the shore, or the design provides for a multi-stage purification system.

Advice! If you are the owner of an artificial reservoir that is built on your site, then in this case, construction can be carried out without any approvals.

  1. In the case of your own pond, you should think about cleaning or draining dirty water long before creating a project. Otherwise, a small picturesque pond will quickly turn into a swamp.

Design features of the bath on the pontoon

The construction of floating baths with your own hands requires a radically different approach than the construction of traditional buildings.

And the changes concern both the foundation and the hull itself:

  1. , columnar, pile or monolithic. It all depends on the type of soil in the area.

Here the pontoon can be of two types:

  • Plastic.

  • Wooden.

Buildings on plastic pontoons are most common. And if you live in a region with not very severe winters, and water bodies do not freeze in winter, then you will not have any special problems with the operation of such a building.

Advice! If there are frosts in your region, then you will either have to remove the bathhouse from the pontoon with a crane and disassemble it, or pull the whole structure ashore, since wintering in ice is contraindicated for plastic pontoons.

Some experts install non-self-propelled barges under such baths. They are considered a floating craft, therefore, the rules for placement in a water protection zone do not apply to such structures.

Naturally, the price of both the barge and the construction of a bathhouse on it will be very high. However, if you originally planned the construction of a bathhouse as a commercial project, then nothing better will be offered to you.

  1. The material for building walls is usually logs, bricks, timber or wall blocks. For floating baths, only wood or frame technology should be used as a material, since the own weight of such a structure should be small.

Due to the limited carrying capacity, the number of people on board at the same time must also be strictly regulated.

Create a project

Consider the project of such a bath, which includes:

  1. Plastic pontoon.
  2. Removable housing, shower room, steam room and toilet.

When planning, all the features of such buildings will help you to take into account the instruction:

  1. Let's start with the pontoon. It must have the declared load capacity and have fasteners for mounting the case from above.

The pontoon itself can be of three types:

  • We use pipes and braces. Pipes are hammered into the bottom, to which a pontoon is attached by means of brackets. For this method, pipes should be used that can not only withstand the effects of water, but also the effects of ice in the winter.

  • The easiest option is to use chains and sinkers.. We drop concrete blocks into the water, which have lugs with welded chains. Such a pontoon will rise and fall depending on the water level. For the winter, sinkers must be taken out of the water, metal chains and a pontoon are inspected and treated for rust.
  • Using a shore mount. Concrete blocks are installed on the shore, while the pontoon is attached to them with chains. Quite a durable option, but excludes the installation of the structure far from the coast.

  1. With regards to the building itself, it is possible to make the usual layout of the rooms in it. The easiest way to drain dirty water is to collect it through drain holes in special containers, from which it is then poured into sedimentation tanks on the shore. You can, of course, install a full-fledged cleaning system, but it costs a lot, and there can be quite a lot of trouble with it.

Conclusion

In this article, we examined the key features of such a structure as a floating bath. If you like such exotic, you can safely take on the development of the project. Just do not forget to take into account all the above aspects () when designing.

You can learn more about floating structures from the video in this article.

Many consider a bathhouse built on a plot with a country house a whim, not a necessity. After all, modern country houses already have bathrooms equipped with everything necessary for water procedures. Another thing is a bathhouse in the village. Here it is simply necessary. For many centuries in a village bath, they washed, washed, guessed, were treated, and often sting. A floating bath is also, in most cases, more of a whim than a necessity. Although, what to hide, the bath on the water looks very impressive.

From ancient times, they tried to build a bathhouse near water bodies. In this case, the supply of its water was facilitated. Baths on the water at that time was a rarity. After all, our ancestors understood that the wastewater discharged from the bathhouse would turn a clean reservoir into a sewer very quickly. And our ancestors treated good water with care. Modern technologies make it possible to build baths afloat without water pollution. And do it quickly.

Features of the construction of floating baths

Before you start building a floating bath, you should remember one important detail. The legislation prohibits the construction of any buildings in the nature protection zone. On reservoirs, this nature protection zone occupies from 50 meters to half a kilometer. It all depends on the type of reservoir and its size. Therefore, when building a bath on the water, it is necessary to ensure the drainage of wastewater outside the water protection zone. It is also possible to equip the bath with a multi-stage wastewater treatment system. If the artificial reservoir is the property of the owner of the site, then in this case no approvals are required. But you still have to do the drainage, otherwise the reservoir will quickly turn into a swamp. Who wants to live in a swamp?

Design features of a floating bath

It is quite natural that the design of a bath on the water is very different from the design of a conventional one. This applies not only to the foundation, but also to the frame itself.

If an ordinary bathhouse is being built, depending on the soil, on a monolithic, pile, columnar or, then the basis of the floating bathhouse are pontoons. Pontoons are either wooden or plastic. The latter are more common. It should be remembered, however, that for the winter plastic pontoons should be pulled ashore along with the bathhouse.

Also, non-self-propelled baths are often used as a basis for a bath. This option provides another benefit. The fact is that barges are watercraft. And the legislation on the nature protection zone does not apply to them.

The bath itself is constructed from the same materials as a regular bath. But they usually take a tree, because it is lighter than a brick. And the weight of the bath plays an important role in this case. Here, the lighter the design, the better.

So that the floating bath does not float away, the pontoons are fixed. They do it in various ways.

1. Pontoons are attached with braces to pipes driven into the bottom of the reservoir. In this case, the pipes should be selected from a waterproof material that can withstand the effects of frost.

2. Pontoons are attached to special loads. Usually these are concrete blocks. The pontoons are attached to the "anchors" with chains. This allows the pontoons to respond to the rise / fall of water in the reservoir. In this case, every autumn it will be necessary to deliver blocks from the water to inspect their condition and the condition of the fasteners.

3. Concrete blocks are installed on the shore, and pontoons are attached to them with chains.

You can learn more about floating baths by watching this video.

These establishments are places where some like to take a steam bath, others gather there with a close company of friends and just relax, others maintain their health in this way, and there are those who visit baths and saunas simply because of prestige. Here we will consider information on how to open a sauna and / or bath, a business plan for it.

Today in cities there are many organizations with several rooms and a steam room, but there are also huge bath complexes. Usually the sauna provides such services as a steam room, it also rents out rest rooms by the day and hourly, and provides various in-line services, such as massage or SPA.

  • Russian sauna;
  • Finnish sauna;
  • Turkish "Hamam";
  • Japanese bath "Ofuro".

The most dreary in construction is the hammam, because. wood is replaced by stone.

Business plan

Do not forget that the final figures of the sauna business plan for opening it will greatly depend on the type of establishment you have chosen. If we take the lowest possible costs, then the hammam will be more expensive in construction.

One option is to build a bath complex, where all these types of establishments are usually located. But this option is only suitable for wealthy cities.

How to open a sauna / bath

Consider information on how to open a sauna and a bath point by point.

Organizational and legal issues

Suppose that you will conduct your business activities in the form of an individual entrepreneur. For you, it will be an acceptable option for taxing UTII, because. activities in this area, according to the explanatory letter of the Ministry of Finance, fit this option.

For this service, OKVED 93.04 “Physical and recreational activities” is suitable, because. this grouping includes: “activities for improving physical condition and providing comfort, such as the operation of Turkish baths, saunas and steam baths, solariums, spas with mineral springs, weight loss and weight loss salons, massage rooms, physical education centers, etc..” The number of this section according to OKUE is 019100.

Fire requirements for baths and saunas can be considered in SNiP 31-05-2003 p.6.3.9. Relations with sanitary authorities are regulated on the basis of SanPin 2.1.2. "Design, construction and operation of residential buildings, public utilities, educational institutions, culture, recreation, sports."

Premises and equipment

It would be better if you build a building for a sauna or bath from scratch, because. when rescheduling the finished premises and carrying out repairs in it, you may encounter various problems. It is also not at all cost-effective to use a room where there used to be a bathhouse or sauna for opening, since high humidity will greatly increase the cost of repairs.

You can start with an area of ​​​​100 square meters. meters, a 5-meter pool and a steam room from 13-14 sq.m.

Usually the room is divided into sectors: a common steam room and rooms. Sauna rooms are junior suites and suites. The main difference between deluxe and ordinary rooms is the location of the infrastructure in the same room. The suite has a swimming pool, dressing room, steam room, lounges and a common room zoned separately. The regular rooms only have a shower, a barrel and a toilet, while the sauna pool is outside.

Junior suites are equipped with steam rooms with a stone and a wood-burning stove, and luxury complexes with infrared electric saunas. For people who do not like wet steam, they make a small version of the steam room with dry steam.

The cost of equipping the sauna will be quite serious. They can be divided into two types: one-time and consumables. One-time purchases - stoves, decor, furniture, pool equipment. Consumables in the sauna and bath - brooms, mittens, steamers, disposable slippers, scoops, towels. You can start with an amount of approximately 400-600 thousand rubles (the cost of the building is not included in this calculation).

Working staff

The internal schedule of a steam bath in a sauna is usually a day in two. Based on this, 4-6 people will be needed for a shift, in total the team will be up to 12-18 people. The team will consist of a cleaning lady administrator, a handyman, a security guard and a massage therapist. Often a security guard is also an administrator.

In general, it all depends on your city and the demand for these sauna services, because in large cities there are large saunas and baths that work around the clock and they have more staff. But, at the same time, in small towns it often happens that the baths work only for 12 hours and they have fewer staff, because. often one person combines several positions.

The order of work and the services provided

Booking a sauna and rooms is a standard service. Usually the client should appear 10-15 minutes before the appointed time, if he is not there, then the reservation is canceled in 5 minutes, since prepayment in this area is unlikely.

Standard services provided by the sauna:

  • Hourly rent of rooms and steam rooms, daily rent for holidays.
  • Therapeutic and anti-cellulite massage, relaxation programs.
  • Phytobarrel and various SPA procedures - stone therapy, mud.
  • Aromatherapy, medicinal teas, salt inhalations in the sauna.

The reserve fund in this activity is very important. Approximately once every two years, the wooden inner lining in the dressing rooms and steam rooms will need to be replaced, chimneys burn out, furniture breaks. Overhaul of the sauna and bath will be necessary every 4-5 years. The constant flow of customers and high humidity contribute to this. Its cost can reach 20-30% of the funds initially spent on interior decoration.

We hope that information on how to open a sauna, a bath and a business plan for this will help you in starting your business.

A bathhouse on a private plot is a functional place for health-improving water procedures and family vacations.

An original and fresh solution for a suburban area located near a natural reservoir is a bath on the water. Modern building technologies allow you to quickly and efficiently build such structures without damaging water sources.

If the owner of the site has made the right decision to build a bathhouse on a pontoon, it is important to consider the following factors when developing a detailed design:

  • It is forbidden to build baths on the water in nature protection and protected areas. According to the current legislation, such zones can occupy an area from 55 to 500 meters.
  • The arrangement of a floating structure is allowed in cases where the wastewater will be discharged beyond the established boundaries of the zone, or the design provides for the additional use of septic tanks.
  • When building a bathhouse on a private reservoir, it is necessary to provide for the main method of wastewater treatment.

Important! When arranging a building on an artificial reservoir, which is private property, no permits are required.

The design of the floating bath, its advantages

Often a floating bath differs from its land-based counterpart. The differences lie in the design itself, as well as in the technology of building the foundation and the hull.

Stationary baths are built on pile, columnar and strip foundations. For the construction of floating baths, the following types of pontoons are used:

  • From a tree. Demanded version of the pontoon, which is used in areas with harsh winters and hot summers. It is more suitable for water bodies prone to freezing in winter.
  • From plastic. This type of pontoon is most common, recommended for use in areas with a temperate climate - mild winters and warm summers. The plastic pontoon is lightweight, but at the same time resistant to extreme loads.
  • From metal. Factory or homemade design, which is characterized by high cost and demanding care. The metal pontoon needs thorough cleaning and regular painting.

The walls of a stationary bath are made of natural lumber, bricks or wall blocks. Most often, a floating bath is built from wood or using frame technology.

Floating baths, like stationary buildings, have a lot of advantages, the main of which include:

  • practicality;
  • durability;
  • frost resistance;
  • wear resistance;
  • attractive appearance;
  • comfort;
  • functionality;
  • ergonomics;
  • affordable cost.

There are no significant shortcomings in such structures, the only thing is that it is difficult to use such a bath in the winter season on a frozen pond.

Working draft development

Prior to the start of construction work, a standard project is being developed for the future structure, in which the following parameters must be taken into account:

  • the total area and capacity of the bath;
  • type of pontoon and wall materials;
  • drainage features;
  • average monthly air temperature;
  • technical characteristics of the reservoir.

After preparing the project, you can proceed to the installation of the pontoon and the collection of wall structures.

Installation of a pontoon for a bath

Most often, a bath afloat is equipped on a pontoon or screw piles made of metal. The pontoon foundation is provided for artificial and natural reservoirs with different depths. Metal piles are suitable for artificial reservoirs with a dense bottom and a calm water surface.

Mounting anchors are used to fix the pontoon, and the fixing process itself is carried out:

  • briquettes and pipes;
  • chains and weights;
  • coastal anchors.

Fixation with briquettes and pipes

A similar method of fastening involves the use of metal pipes hammered into the bottom by 100 cm. Installation of pipes requires the use of specialized equipment. The diameter of the supports is selected taking into account the dimensions and weight of the bath. Briquettes are attached to the installed supports, on which the pontoon is fixed.

A finished bath on this basis can be operated at any time of the year without the need for dismantling.

Fixation with chains and weights

The most affordable option for installing a pontoon. In this case, sinkers are reinforced concrete piles and slabs to which chains are attached, after which they are immersed in water near the coastline. The pontoon base is fixed to the chains. The chains must be of the appropriate length, which will allow you to freely keep the finished structure afloat.

A similar method of fixing the pontoon involves dismantling in winter and transferring the bath to a flat base.

Shore fixers

Installation of the finished structure on the shore using reinforced concrete piles, to which a pontoon is attached to metal cables or chains.

How assembly is done

The next stage in the construction of a bath is the assembly of wall structures. As a rule, a bathhouse on pontoons is built from wood, which is light in weight and has good performance characteristics.

The assembly is carried out on a rigid base, which is fixed to the pontoons with dowels. In the lower part, the structure is treated with clay mortar, which will provide additional protection for the wood from increased moisture.

In order for the finished bath on the raft to be properly operated, at the stage of assembling the structure, it is necessary to perform a high-quality installation of the drainage system. Wastewater must be collected in a special tank under the bathhouse, and then discharged to the shore.

Additionally, you can install a multi-stage wastewater filter. An expensive system that will preserve the environmental friendliness of the water source throughout the life of the bath.

Durable, safe and lightweight materials are used for the roof structure.

A floating bath is a reliable and practical structure, which, in terms of its performance, is not inferior to a traditional building.