How to open your own production? Business plan: how to open a mini-factory for the production of ready-mixed concrete

High-quality and beautiful clothes - this is what will be in demand at any time of the year. There are few developed chains of ateliers, and small sewing workshops are mainly engaged in repairing clothes. The competition in this industry is low, and everyone can do this interesting business. Moreover, the sewing business does not require large investments. What is interesting about the tailoring business idea, what are the pros and cons for start-up entrepreneurs, how to open a clothing manufacturing business from scratch and what should be done for this, read on.

First steps

The relevance of the business idea is that there are many different clothing stores in the city. But, having come to any of them, you do not always find what you need. And then a person can turn to a tailor and order a product to his taste and size.

It is important to immediately decide what types of services your studio will offer. The following options are possible:

1. Tailoring of specialized clothes (medical coats, uniforms, etc.). In this case, you can count on large orders from the owners of pharmacy chains, construction or specialized services. You can also participate in public procurement tenders.
2. Tailoring and repair of outerwear. You will need to purchase specialized powerful sewing machines, as work with leather, fur, and thick fabric is ahead. The main users will be private clients.
3. Tailoring and repair of light clothing: dresses, shirts, trousers. This option is the easiest for beginners. You will need a small room and simple equipment.

How to start a project? To understand whether it will be profitable to open one or another type of sewing workshop in your region, a competitor analysis is carried out. An idea is being thought out how to take its place in the market and offer customers something new, different from competitors.

The idea of ​​tailoring has its pros and cons associated with high risks:

• Insolvency of the target audience in the region.
• Poor-quality equipment requires high repair costs.
• The tailor's lack of experience makes marriage or damage to things possible, for which the tailor is responsible to the customer.
• Tailor-made clothes always come out more expensive than analogues from Chinese manufacturers, so it is difficult to make money at the atelier in Russian regions with below-average incomes.

Of the benefits: low costs, no special requirements for the premises and location.

How to register a business

To organize a sewing production, it is enough to issue an IP on your own. But if you are planning to start manufacturing workwear or open a factory, then it is better to immediately register an LLC. The fact is that individual entrepreneurs do not have the right to participate in state auctions, and large companies will be more willing to cooperate with a legal entity.

To register an individual entrepreneur, you will need the following package of documents:

• IP registration application. The application indicates one main and two additional activities. The following codes are suitable for a sewing workshop: 14.1 “Manufacturing and tailoring of clothes of any type, except for working with furs”, 14.2 “Manufacturing of overalls”. OKVED is selected depending on the chosen specifics of your studio.
• Receipt from the bank confirming the payment of the state fee.
• Notarized copies of passports and TIN.

To notarize photocopies costs from 1500 rubles. The tax authorities will have three weeks to consider the application. After receiving the certificate, you must immediately switch to the simplified taxation system.

But don't waste time. When the documents are collected and submitted, you can proceed to the implementation of the idea.

Organizational matters

To implement the idea, you need a small, but very bright room. Even the basement of a large shopping center will do. The main thing is that your potential customers can easily get into the order department. It is better to place the studio in the central part of the city, near public transport stops. It is good if there are beauty salons, bookstores selling fashion magazines nearby. A small workshop will need a room of at least 80 square meters. m.

Inside the room is zoned:

• Reception area.
• Dressing room.
• Sewing factory.
• Recreation area and locker room for staff.

If the price list of your services includes only the repair of clothes, then an area of ​​​​20 square meters is enough. m. The fitting room is fenced right next to the sewing area. But high incomes from a small clothing repair department are not to be expected.

Staff

The sewing workshop will require the following personnel:

• Director. Will control the work, establish relationships with major customers.
• Accountant. Maintains accounting records.
• Seamstress-cutter (4 people). Carries out fitting, cutting, tailoring of products.
• Fashion designer. Works with clients, creates individual projects, draws up a showcase area.
• Cleaning woman.

A flexible work schedule is being developed. The administrative staff works every day, from Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 19:00. Seamstresses work in pairs in shifts according to a 2/2 schedule, a fashion designer - from 10:00 to 19:00 every day.

All employees work under an employment contract, and contributions to pension and insurance funds are made for them. The accountant and director work on a salary system. Seamstresses-cutters and a fashion designer have a salary in the amount of the minimum wage and 5% of each completed order.

More detailed personnel costs are described in the business plan for the sewing workshop.

Equipment

For the equipment of the sewing workshop, you will need to purchase the following equipment:

• Machine 1022 class - 1 pc.
• Machine 51-A class - 1 pc.
• Machine 62761 class - 1 pc.
• Car class 97 - 1 pc.
• Cutting table - 1 pc.
• Mannequin - 3 pcs.
• Steam iron - 2 pcs.
• Ironing board - 2 pcs.
• Bracket - 1 pc.
• Coffee table - 1 pc.
• Desk - 1 pc.
• Computer - 1 pc.
• Mirrors - 6 pcs.
• Tailor's scissors - 4 pcs.

Sewing accessories: needles, pins, hairpins, threads.

It will take at least 500,000 rubles to equip a small studio. The cost and step-by-step instructions are detailed in the business plan.

In addition to basic expenses, you need at least 100,000 rubles. for contingencies and equipment depreciation.

Marketing

The profitability of the project directly depends on the number of customers. To attract customers, the studio introduced the following specific services: coffee, tea, consultation with a fashion designer, fashion magazines. Convenient work schedule from 09:00 to 19:00 and a lunch break from 13:00 to 14:00. Day off - Sunday.

The studio has introduced a number of features that attract consumers:

• It produces its own catalog, which presents various options for light outerwear. In the catalog it is possible to order a specific model in the desired color range and from a specific fabric.
• With the help of software, a fashion designer can demonstrate to clients how the finished item will look on the figure in one color or another.
• Discounts are offered for children's models, for large families, pensioners.

Eventually

The sewing workshop business idea is suitable for aspiring entrepreneurs with different budget levels. It is not difficult to implement a business from scratch, since a large list of equipment is not required. The main thing is to choose your direction in tailoring and implement the idea according to a detailed business plan. Investments in this small business at a minimum will amount to 500,000 rubles. The project will pay off in 1-2 years.

Today, people understand that it is not necessary to work for hire all your life, because you can open your own business. The prospects are very tempting, and the opportunity to work for yourself and independently control your income, influence it, attracts many people and they say to themselves: I want to open a production facility and start moving towards the goal. Where do you need to start to create a successful business?

Assessment of production prospects

Before you start your own business, ask yourself the question: is the game worth the candle? It seems to many that it is enough to open your own business and the money will immediately flow like a river, and you will become rich and happy.

Unfortunately, as practice shows, about half of the enterprises are closed in the first year of operation, and another third - in the second. Most firms are simply unable to find their clientele, so the business becomes unprofitable and has to be abandoned.

Also remember that any business is directly associated with risk, and the more profit you expect, the higher the risk that you will have to take on. If you are not afraid of failure and are willing to risk your time and money, then you should think about how to open your own production.

Idea

First of all, you need to clearly articulate for yourself what you will do. When thinking about how to open a production, try to choose what you are well versed in. If you have a great idea, but your own knowledge is not enough, you should have a person who will help you with this.

Ask yourself one simple question: why should consumers want to buy your product? How will it differ from similar ones? Or maybe there are no similar ones in your city yet? It is important to understand that the higher the competition, the more difficult it will be for you to promote your own product to the market.

Often a great idea for what kind of production to open is the production of goods that are not made in your city. In this case, you will have before your eyes an example to follow, which will allow you to take into account all the advantages and disadvantages of the future business.

Business plan

Any enterprise begins with a business plan, in which you must take into account absolutely all aspects of the work of the future enterprise. The business plan consists of several important sections that need to be given special attention:

• In the first part of the business plan, you must specify the basic information about the enterprise: its name, logo, motto, mission, business strategy. Of course, some items may be missing, but the name is required.
• Describe in a separate paragraph the product or products that you will produce, as well as their main advantages over similar products on the market.
• In the next paragraph, you need to indicate what equipment you need for work: machines, furniture, premises, additional items, etc. Consider how much it costs, and also, if you take it on credit, how much you will have to pay extra for it monthly.
• The next section is designed to calculate the number of personnel required for the work, as well as the wages that you will pay to each employee.
• It is also important to plan approximate levels of monthly sales. This data should be based on an analysis of the market situation so that you have a clear idea of ​​​​how long it will take for your business to pay off, and whether it will pay off at all.
• In the next section, justify your go-to-market strategy: how you will attract new customers and sell your services to them.
• Be sure to take into account all the expenses of your business in the course of its work: the purchase of consumables, periodic repairs and maintenance of equipment, paid holidays and sick days, payment for premises and utilities, as well as any other expenses.

Get your business plan right. Since this will allow you to clearly see the prospects of your business, as well as its weaknesses.

Premises and equipment

After drawing up a business plan and a clear understanding that your business is promising, you need to find the right premises. Please note that it must not only be spacious enough, but also meet safety requirements. You may need to make repairs to the premises to bring it in line with the needs of the production. Also, purchase the necessary equipment and install it.

Personnel search

It is impossible to open your own production if you do not have people producing goods. Take the time to interview all candidates and select people who are qualified and meet your requirements.

Other details

In most cases, a certain cash injection is needed to open a production, so you will need to find money. In attracting investors, the business plan drawn up earlier will help you.

You will also need to go through the procedure for registering an enterprise, as well as choose a form of taxation and complete all the necessary documents.

Organization of a food production workshop

Food production project
Basic requirements for the premises
Characteristics of the premises for the production workshop or factory

Chocolatier»)

Microbiology and chemistry of modern food production

Packaging for food production
Required permits and requirements for food production
Priority areas of food production

Marketing.
Advertising.


Financial plan.
Investments
Payback
Additional profit
Summing up

Opening any food production in Russia can become a very profitable business. Despite the fact that the stores offer a wide range of products of the food group, the state encourages an increase in the diversity of the consumer basket. In particular, we are talking about products that are consumed by Russians on a daily basis. Of course, the goal is to reduce prices and improve the quality of the entire range of food products.
If we analyze the assortment on retail shelves in the Russian Federation and, for example, in Italy, it can be noted that, despite the abundance, prices in the Russian Federation are quite high and manufacturers do not seek to reduce the cost, while the products are rather monotonous. There is a variety of labels on the shelves. In practice, we can say that many Russian products lack their own identity. And we are not talking about image solutions that are presented as part of advertising campaigns, but about the unique nutritional qualities of products.

If we consider the dynamics of development and production of products in the food industry, then there is a constant and intensive growth in production. As is known, in 1996-1998 the level of production fell by almost half in relation to the volume of production in the USSR, now the industry has been practically restored, but has not yet reached the previous level in terms of production.

One of the ways to increase the volume of food production, of course, is to attract small and medium-sized businesses to the industry, which are able to provide regional markets and create the necessary variety of goods included in the consumer basket. At the moment, food production in the Russian Federation is represented by large food factories and even their associations, which often reduces all antimonopoly measures to a minimum efficiency.

Against the background of this situation with large producers, the state creates conditions for small full-cycle production - for farms or their cooperatives, which have equipment for processing products at their base. Of course, such farms face difficulties in implementation and relationships with large retail chains that control the food market in a mass share. It is more profitable for retail chains to deal with a large supplier with a wide range than with small farms in the regions. This is not only due to the complication of economic accounting, but also the inability to dictate the cost in the market. It is also not profitable for large enterprises to “let in” small regional consumers to the market, since due to the potential improvement in the quality of products of farmers or small industries, there may be a decrease in demand for factory products.

At the same time, there are always opportunities for the development and opening of a small, highly profitable food production with a small initial investment. We will consider this issue in the proposed review.

While there are general principles for organizing food production, certain types of business are characterized by a number of features. If we consider the food industry, we can identify a number of areas that are most beneficial for small and medium-sized businesses. As part of the review, we will consider food production and its efficiency using the following examples, which are highly unique.

Confectionery: production of sweets according to unique (“old”) recipes
The peculiarity of this business will be in the quality of the raw materials used: cocoa butter, cocoa powder, high-quality milk powder, which do not contain chemical ingredients, including trans fats. At the same time, the manufactured products can be divided into products for children, adults - men and women, diabetic products and others. This approach will simplify the choice of products.

The main problem of large confectionery factories is that they produce the same type of products according to the same recipes, which also have a high cost and often quite low quality with chemical additives. In a small production, you can implement a variety of recipes for the preparation of chocolate and confectionery products with a short shelf life based on natural ingredients by developing your own specifications (technical specifications).

Production of fermented milk products: cheeses, yoghurts, sour cream based on French starters
The features of this type of production consist in offering consumers an expanded range of dairy products with a short shelf life. The main goal is to offer consumers a diverse range of national fermented milk products based on natural starter cultures.

On the shelves of supermarkets, you can mainly see long-term yoghurts that do not differ in original taste, foreign and national producers, in turn, seeking to reduce the cost of production for raw materials (high costs for maintaining large-scale production). Small businesses are not burdened by large infrastructure, so they can offer small batches of fermented milk products with unique qualities. The same situation is observed in the production of cheese.

Here are the names of fermented milk products that can be produced by small production:
. yoghurts: "Francesca" for weight loss, Greek yogurt (often used as a cream filler in confectionery), Turkish Valide yogurt, bifid yogurt, fitness yogurt, Matsoni yogurt, Tan (Ayran), Katyk;
. curd mass: curd mass "Theme", cottage cheese "Laktonik", curds in chocolate;
. kefirs: bifidum, treatment-and-prophylactic, biokefir, acidophilus, acidolact turak, ryazhenka ibifidoryazhka;
. cheeses: Formaggio-fresco cream cheese, Philadelphia, Mascarpone, Feta, Mozzarella, feta cheese, long-term storage feta cheese, Roquefort, Dor Blue, Stilton, Gorgonzola Dolce , Jugas, Camembert, Brie, Cheddar, Parmesan, etc.

The main problem of mass production in unified specifications, due to which the original taste of the product and the applied recipe is lost. In addition, in order to reduce risks, factories produce only “hot” goods and use substitute ingredients. Similar products from different industries have an almost identical price. This situation not only does not imply competition (and therefore does not contribute to lower prices), but in general does not imply an increase in the diversity of the consumer basket. Meanwhile, dairy products are categorized in high nutritional value.
Small production facilities are more mobile and can offer small batches of fermented milk products with a wide variety of assortment. In the given example, the possible assortment is based on starter cultures for the manufacture of fermented milk products sold by BK Guilini (Germany), Sacco (Italy), Vitamax-E, Caglifitsio Clerici (Italy), Kargil (Ivory Coast), Lactina (Bulgaria), Meito.

Bakery production: hot and fresh bread and biscuits
Bread in the old days was considered the main product in Russia. After the appearance of the potato, the consumption of bread decreased, but it is still the most consumed product. Opening a small bakery for baking fresh bread is a good start for anyone who wants to open their own business. As an additional assortment, biscuits made according to original national recipes can be offered, which can attract a wide range of regular customers and provide a very decent income.

Production of canned food and fruit wine: jams, jams, syrups, fruit wine
It is recommended to open a shop for the production of canned products in the southern regions of Russia or regions with extensive forests, where there is an abundance of fruits or wild berries. In these regions, the harvesting of fruits and berries has been simplified. In many villages and cities of the south, pears, apples, cherries, apricots are practically "junk" goods that can be bought up at low prices for further processing.
As a rule, jams, jams and marmalades in stores do not have a variety of tastes. On the basis of a small production, it is possible to arrange the production of jam according to traditional, national and author's recipes. Berries and fruits can become raw materials for the manufacture of berry wine, liqueurs and tinctures. Traditionally, such products are in great demand.

The food industry is one of the areas most controlled by the state. First of all, strict control concerns the sanitary and epidemiological sphere. Sanitary standards are not only becoming more complicated every year, but in general, the number of standards is growing.

Perhaps this is the only thing that will be difficult to master for a novice manufacturer. But the abundance of norms does not imply that it is impossible to understand them and comply with the requirements, receiving a sufficiently high profit. Sanitary norms and requirements concern three components of the future food business: premises, equipment and personnel.

The premises for food production must be equipped in accordance with approved requirements. Rospotrebnadzor is the main supervisory authority over the process of design, construction and commissioning.

There are two options within which the conditions for the production of food products will be created in accordance with the law. The first is the simplest, you will need to find an empty room in which food production was previously located. Obtaining documents from the owner of the rented building will greatly simplify the process of registration.

The second option involves the re-equipment and, accordingly, the redesign of the premises specifically for food production. The project must be done by an architectural bureau that has certain experience in this area, the appropriate permit and license for the design of catering and food industry enterprises.

A workshop located in the city may have a store; when placing a workshop in an industrial zone, when planning, it is necessary to take into account the costs of opening a store in the city. Opening a retail outlet for the sale of products will cost 500,000-3,000,000 rubles.

Food production project.
A food production project should have standard sections for non-residential buildings:
- architectural and construction, which contains plans and diagrams of premises and features of redevelopment for new production;
- technological, implying a plan for the placement of production equipment;
- a section covering the power supply system;
- Ventilation and air conditioning;
- heating and water supply system;
- Fire safety;
- occupational Safety and Health.

The finished project must be submitted for approval to Rospotrebnadzor. The supervisory authority, for its part, must check the project for compliance with sanitary standards. The project must be coordinated with a number of regulatory services: fire protection, public utilities, energy sales, the department of architecture of the city. After the project is approved, reconstruction should be carried out by construction organizations that have a license and/or are members of the relevant SRO.

Basic requirements for the premises.
Here are some existing requirements for a food production facility that are valid for everyone who wants to open a workshop:
1. The premises must comply with the current hygiene standards, the walls must be lined with glazed tiles at least 2.5 meters from the floor. When laying, non-toxic mixtures are used, which is reflected in the project. The rest of the surface is covered with a special paint for food production without toxic fillers.
2. Walls in warehouses must be treated with lime.
3. Particular attention in the project is paid to ventilation and lighting, in all production areas there must be a maintained level of humidity.
4. The water supply and sewerage systems in the workshops are divided into three components: the main elements of the production water supply, built-in personal hygiene items, and a drain for washing the floor. Sewerage must be protected from blockages.
5. Equipment and furniture must have sanitary certificates of SES. Equipment with metal or plastic surfaces is recommended.
6. It is required to take into account the parameters of electrical and fire safety and to implement protection against electrical shock, the cables are laid at a height of 2.5-3 meters in thermal protective casings. The production should have a centralized switch, as well as an automatic shutdown system.
7. The main requirement for food production facilities is the presence of a buffer zone between the office and production areas.

Characteristics of the premises for the production workshop or factory.
Any object with an area of ​​200-100 square meters can be chosen as a production facility for a small workshop. meters, maximum 500 sq. meters. Of course, the size of the room depends on the needs of production. The premises should have an office, warehouses for raw materials and finished products, and direct production. A small factory can fit in an area of ​​1000 square meters. meters. When choosing a room, it makes sense to invite an expert from Rospotrebnadzor.

Many equipment suppliers offer their services for the design and installation of equipment. In Russian conditions, this project can only be taken as a basis. As mentioned, the design of food production is carried out by bureaus with the appropriate permission for these types of work. If a package of equipment with specific requirements is installed at the future enterprise, the project of the equipment supplier should form the basis of the project, which will subsequently be agreed with Rospotrebnadzor.
Let's consider examples of a complete set of the shops offered in examples.

Shop for the production of confectionery ("Chocolatier»)
Making chocolatiers or sweets according to author's recipes is now just coming into vogue. Several stores have appeared in Moscow, but there are still very few of them, and prices are often very high. With the optimal combination of price and recipe, the products will sell well. Of course, the equipment for the production of "Chocolate" can be supplemented with equipment for the production of mass chocolate products, for the workshop you will need:
- to maintain temperature and humidity, the Mitsubishi Heavy air conditioner of the SRK ZMP-SInverter series is enough - 2600 rubles;
- industrial refrigerator - 24,000 rubles;
- induction cooker - 3000 rubles;
- planetary mixer for 4-6 liters - 28,000 rubles;
- tempering machine (with a volume of 200 kg per month) - 340,000 rubles;
- pyrometer - 4000 rubles;
- a guitar for cutting fillings (from 200 kg / month) - 50,000 rubles;
- hairpin for 10 cells - 10,000 rubles;
- industrial tables - 3 pieces, 30,000 rubles;
- stainless steel trays - 10,000 rubles;
- inventory - 50,000 rubles.
Total: with a production volume of 100 kg / month of chocolate - 189,000 rubles, with 200,000 kg / month - 631,000 rubles

The equipment is designed for the work of 1-2 confectioners who can make chocolatiers at the rate of 100-200 kg of chocolate, a room with an area of ​​up to 100 m2 will be required. The workshop needs a washing area.

The shelf life of sweets depends on the fillings. To increase the period, you can use ready-made fillings, but the quality of the sweets will be worse. On average, the shelf life of truffles is from 1 week to 6 months. Advice on doing business is provided on the Chocolatier.ru website. The company supplies equipment, chocolate from Callebaut (Belgium) and Cacao Barry (France), as well as all the necessary range of fillings and packaging.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products
The choice of equipment for the production of yogurt is determined by the technological process, which involves:
1. Reception of raw milk and its purification by means of a special filter.
2. Prepared milk is separated and normalized, the process allows you to leave the right amount of fat;
3. The mixture is made according to the recipe and dispersed until smooth;
4. Pasteurization is carried out at 95-98°C, the mixture is cooled and the leaven is added. The fermentation process lasts 2-7 hours. Fillers are also added.

Required equipment:
- unit for pasteurization and cooling of the dairy product;
- milk mixing unit;
- packing line.
Total: the equipment will cost 2,800,000-4,400,000 rubles.

You will definitely need several refrigerators - 28,000 * 3 = 84,000 rubles. The workshop can serve 4-5 people, the production volume based on raw materials is 2-4 tons of milk, the product yield is 1.9-3.8 liters of yogurt. Starting investments 4600000 rubles.

Shop for the production of bakery products - mini-bakery
For baking bread you will need (minimum configuration, home format):
- dough mixer (PRISMAFOOD IBM 5) - 40,000 rubles;
- convection oven (Unox XF 023) - 28,000 rubles;
- freezer (DELFA DCFM-300) - 14,500 rubles;
- in the absence of electricity, the FORTE FGD6500E - 36000 generator.
Total: 50,000 rubles.

For a mini-percarney, you can rent a small room in a supermarket, convert an apartment into a retail space. It is recommended to rent or buy a room in a residential area. The minimum size of the shop premises is 50 sq. meters, in addition, you need to take into account office, retail space, as well as a warehouse for flour and finished products. The volume of production is 200 kg of bread per day.

It should be noted that shops with a capacity of 60-250 kg of products per hour or 0.2-3 tons per day are considered small bakeries. For comparison, the bakery produces 40-50 tons of bread per day.

Mini-bakery with greater productivity:
- flour sifter (PV-250) - 24,000 rubles;
- dough mixing machine (PRISMAFOOD IBM 5) - 40,000 rubles;
- dough divider (А2-ХТН) - 60,000 rubles;
- Rounder (Vitella SE M 37) - 160,000 rubles;
- dough molding machine (JAC UNIC) - 42,000 rubles;
- proofing cabinet - 32,000 rubles;
- bread machine - 20,000-108,000 rubles;
- trays, baking sheets, forms;
- scales;
- industrial tables 3 pcs. - 30,000 rubles.
Total: 496,000 rubles.

The baking shop should be about 40 sq. meters, you will need a warehouse for flour - 20 square meters. meters.
Some companies sell kits for mini-bakery equipment. For example, a complete set of a bakery from the ProdTechnika company up to 50 kg per hour will cost 206,939 rubles.
Some companies, for example, the Le Pysh trademark, offer the construction of a turnkey mini-bakery, the package of documents includes technology, recipes, equipment, and a room design. The equipment is provided on lease (this is a special form of credit, when the equipment becomes the property upon full payment of its cost to the supplier).

Workshop for the production of canned products from berries
When purchasing workshop equipment, you can focus on production lines created by manufacturing enterprises for small businesses. As such an example, we can cite the equipment of the canning mini-workshop "Yagoda" of the company "Prombiofit".
Production of jam from berries grated with sugar, with hot pouring into plastic cups, euro-twist glass jars, plastic buckets, production volume up to 1250 kg/shift.
The total cost of turnkey equipment: 1184400 - 1352900 rubles.
The company also offers production lines:
- for packaging dairy products "Moloko" - 259,400 rubles;
- for packaging vegetable oil "Oil" - 254,900 rubles;
- for the production of bottled water "Aqua" - 219,000-314,900 rubles;
- for packaging honey "Medofit +" - 200,000-264,000 rubles.

Opening a small food production, of course, involves hiring staff. On average, mini-workshops employ from 2 to 10 people. The productivity of the equipment can be increased if the workshop will work in 2 shifts, in which case additional workers will be required. Let's continue the consideration of the proposed examples.

Shop for the production of confectionery ("Chocolatier"), staff:

- with volumes up to 200 kg of chocolate / month - 1-2 confectioners - 2 * 35,000 rubles;
- with volumes up to 350 kg of chocolate / month - 2-4 confectioners - 4 * 35,000 rubles;
- HoReCa driver/distributor - 25,000 rubles +%;
- with volumes up to 350 kg / month, assistant distributor - 15,000 rubles +%;

- administrator of the online store - 20,000 rubles +%;
- online store courier - 12,000 rubles +%;
- if there is a retail outlet and a coffee shop, 2 sellers and 2 waiters will be required - 2 * 20,000 + 2 * 13,000 rubles, the amount is below average, since it does not mean a full working week.

Thus, when opening a shop for the production of "Chocolate", the working infrastructure depends on the volume of products produced and methods of implementation. In this case, the figures are given for a workshop that sells products in the HoReCa segment through delivery through an online store and with the help of its own outlet and cafe. With the features of how to open a cafe-restaurant can be found at the link.

As a result, the monthly costs of the confectionery shop for personnel will be:
- the volume of chocolate processing is up to 100 kg / month, the equivalent of 250 kg of sweets sold in HoReCa and through an online store - 228,000 rubles;
- with a volume of up to 350 kg per month, up to 875 kg of sweets sold in HoReCa and through an online store and in your own cafe - 370,000 rubles.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products, employees
The following personnel will be required for the dairy products workshop:
- director - 70,000 rubles +%;
- 4-5 employees - 5*35000 rubles;

- watchman / cleaner - 2 * 11,000 rubles;
- if there is a Dairy Kitchen outlet at the workshop, 2 sellers will be required - 2 * 20,000 rubles.

The average cost for the personnel of an enterprise engaged in the production of yoghurts and dairy products with its own outlet "Dairy Kitchen" will be 321,000 rubles / month.
Shop for the production of bakery products - a mini-bakery, employees
The mini-bakery will require the following staff:
- director - 70,000 rubles +%;
- 2-3 bakers - 3*22000 rubles;
- driver/distributor in stores like "Discounter" - 25,000 rubles +%;

As a result, the monthly cost of wages in a mini-bakery will amount to 192,000 rubles.

Shop for the production of canned products from berries, employees
The cannery for the production of jam will require the following personnel:
- director - 70,000 rubles +%;
- 2-3 employees - 3*22000 rubles;
- driver/distributor in stores like "Discounter" - 25,000 rubles +%;
- watchman / cleaner - 11,000 rubles;
- if there is a retail outlet at the workshop, 1 seller will be required - 20,000 rubles.

As a result, the monthly cost of wages in the canning shop will also amount to 192,000 rubles.

Please note that these figures do not include payroll taxes that are borne by the business. The final calculations must be carried out by an accountant. Food production is in the zone of strict control by government agencies, so the use of "gray" accounting methods is inappropriate. The work of the technologist should be entrusted to the director or the head of the food production workshop.

Food production processes.

The principle of any production is based on a number of well-known physical processes that are used in the technology of processing raw materials into food products.

Among the processes of food production it is customary to distinguish:
- kinematics of hydrogravitational settling;
- processes of mixing liquid media;
- fluidized bed hydrodynamics;
- extraction processes;
- distillation processes;
- processes of heat treatment of food products.

The theoretical basis of food production is based on a certain processing technology, which must be purchased or developed in accordance with existing requirements. Based on the existing technological process, a technological line for the processing of raw materials is also being formed. Production optimization can be applied both to increasing the nutritional value of the product - meaning the maximum preservation of nutrients and the use of natural ingredients and value-adding additives - and to increasing the efficiency of the production process.

As a result, food production must be based on the technological process and regulatory documentation. Previously, GOST and industry standards were used, at the moment enterprises can develop TU - technical specifications. TU implies some modification of the production process described in GOST, OST, GOST R. TI - technical instruction should be developed as part of TU.

The sale of products should take place on the trading floor or should be carried out using delivery, the sales processes should also be reflected in the TU and TI. These documents must be coordinated with Rospotrebnadzor and the Center for Standardization and Metrology (CSM). It should be noted that Rospotrebnadzor has a procedure for agreeing to specifications, which implies non-disclosure of information about the product recipe.

After approval, the technological process at the enterprise should be reflected in the following documents:
- in the catalog sheet of products approved by the CSM;
- TS portfolio agreed with Rospotrebnadzor and CSM;
- sanitary and epidemiological conclusion issued by a subordinate body of Rospotrebnadzor.
You can also request, if desired, the expert opinions of the CSM and Rospotrebnadzor.

The use of modern chemistry and microbiology in food production in some cases makes it possible to increase profits at times. In turn, consumers who are familiar with such “scams” ​​prefer organic products that are prepared according to traditional technologies and using natural ingredients. Why it happens? To answer this question, it is enough to look at some examples that have become possible thanks to modern chemistry and its application in food production.

The high costs of Russian production motivate some manufacturers to overuse chemicals. For example, boiled pork, smoked meat can be processed using a water-soy substance, as a result, the finished product increases its weight by 2-3 times.
A classic example is smokeless smoking, which was proposed in 1814 by V.N. Karamzin, as a result, the period of smoking fish or meat is reduced from 6-7 hours to 4-6 minutes. Surrogate smoking is achieved by ionizing the product in a strong electric field. Obviously, the nutritional value of the product is minimal, and its natural origin is in question.

The food industry also widely uses animal blood proteins, which are processed in meat processing plants in order to reduce the cost of the production process. The blood contains three categories of proteins - albumins, fibrinogen, globulins, which are extracted and used as an ingredient in food products. In the food industry and the agricultural sector, canned whole blood is actively used, as well as separate parts: hemoglobin, plasma, fibrin-free plasma and fibrin.
Dried plasma proteins are used in food production instead of expensive egg white, for example, in confectionery, sausage shops and bakeries. Whole blood replaces beef and is added to the product, saving on 1 ton is 150,000-180,000 rubles.

Most meat industries use the so-called enricher, which is made from 1 part of blood and 3 parts of skimmed milk (waste), it is added to boiled sausages and pates to give a pink color to the product.
Microbiological methods of extracting a protein product are being actively introduced, which is especially important in the context of a declining natural biological protein. Processing only 2% of the annual oil production using microbiological methods into protein can give 25 million tons of protein product, which is enough to feed 2 billion people for a year.

There are also quite rational microbiological technologies that allow increasing the nutritional value of products. A striking example is the hematogen, which is obtained from defibrinated and stabilized blood mixed with food glycerin. Hematogen is a valuable food additive, since its use allows you to increase the production of red blood cells, which is especially indicated for weakened people. They also make a confectionery product - a children's hematogen.

The use of modern food ingredients in food production is the manufacturer's choice. Still, small-scale production can produce high quality organic products with a fairly high rate of return and use only proven natural ingredients. Despite the higher cost, the products will be consumed, as they are designed for a narrow circle of customers and are produced in small volumes.

Production of food ingredients
Within the framework of food production as a business, the production of food ingredients that are used in the manufacture of final products should also be considered. The main advantage of this line of production is wholesale and almost guaranteed sales. Also, food ingredients have a longer shelf life, which has quite definite advantages when planning a business.

Food technology involves the processing of fresh foods into dry, extractable mixtures. The mixtures can be used as additives, be reconstituted for the subsequent production of the final food product. A wide variety of ingredients is offered and the list of proposals is not only constantly updated, but is always in demand.

An example is the processing of fresh fruits into dry mixes. For example, pear, peach, cranberry in the form of powder, pieces, small fractions is used for the manufacture of dietary supplements and tea, baby food, confectionery, berry fillings. It makes sense to place a workshop for the production of food ingredients based on low-temperature and vacuum drying in places where there are a large number of non-processed fruits. It should be noted that such processing involves unsorted raw materials, respectively, its cost is low.

Baking soda and table salt are also popular food ingredients with an unlimited shelf life and guaranteed sales. Production facilities are created in places of accumulation of fossil natural resources.

For example, the Krym Soda enterprise produces heavy and light soda ash from the following raw materials:
- high-quality limestones of the Crimea;
- brines of Sivash lake;
- coal - from anthracite of Donbass;
- ammonia water - waste of chemical plants.

Edible salt can be made from salt water, for example, the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, or rock salt deposits. It is processed into “Extra” grade salt, enriched salt (iodized) is also produced.

Packaging of products in food production according to well-developed and marketed options allows you to produce products not only packaged in accordance with sanitary standards and rules, but also create a bright image.

Packaging must comply with current sanitary and hygienic standards. Here are the basic requirements for packaging material SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01:
- the absence of highly toxic substances with cumulative and specific effects on the human body that exceed current standards;
- should not change the organoleptic properties of the product, i.e. be neutral;
- the material used in the packaging must be included in the list of permitted packaging materials, ensure high-quality storage during the entire shelf life.

Packaging is divided into technological and packaging. We are talking about both the packaging of products in the final container, and technological packaging that allows you to transport the goods and deliver them intact. There are a number of ready-made solutions that are offered at competitive prices. The packaging market is constantly expanding.

Necessary permits and requirements for food production.

The main regulations regarding the production process at a food enterprise are contained in GOST R 50762-95 and in GOST 30389-95 Catering. Classification of enterprises.

To put into operation in production, you will need:
- coordinate the construction project with Rospotrebnadzor and controlled services that control the compliance of food production characteristics with current standards;
- agree on the portfolio of specifications and approve the list of products;
- obtain a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor form N 303-00-5 / y for the entire list of products manufactured in accordance with GOST, OST, GOST R and TU;
- together with Rospotrebnadzor, a plan of measures for the production control of the shop is being developed;
- certification and declaration of products, if necessary.
Strict sanitary and epidemiological requirements relate to the organization of work in the workshop and the rules of personal hygiene of workers. All employees must receive a sanitary-technical minimum, and a sanitary pass must be organized at large enterprises.
The main requirements for an employee include:
- short-cut nails, hair tucked under a scarf or cap, personal hygiene;
- employees must work in special overalls;
- during the manufacture of products can not be touched with bare hands and work without gloves;
- employees must undergo a medical examination.

Priority areas of food production.

The state constantly creates incentives for the development of the food industry in order to ensure the food security of the country. At the moment, the segment of food production is actively expanding due to mini-productions and attracting small and medium-sized businesses to the sector of the economy. For these purposes, preferential tax conditions are created.

According to the vision of the Government of the Russian Federation, the priority types of production activities include:
- production of dairy products and sour-milk products of the "premium" category, including fortified products;
- production of baby food;
- meat production;
- production of bread and bakery products;
- production of semi-finished products;
- production of confectionery products.

Given the interest of the state, developing business in the proposed areas, you can count on receiving benefits, subsidies, soft loans and other privileges.

Marketing.
Marketing activities for small food production are reduced to the development of several sales directions. We are talking about the HoReCa restaurant segment, deliveries to hypermarket chains, supermarkets, discounters, and sales through our own retail outlets.
As a rule, small-scale production is designed for regional sales and consumption, therefore, individual work with a potential consumer and design material for advertising products at retail outlets, the so-called POS materials, are of great importance.

Advertising.
Advertising of food production is carried out extremely rarely and only within the framework of the trade mark and brand. To advertise products in partner outlets, you will need various POS: posters, posters, price tags, flyers, wobblers, etc. These types of printing work are used for effective advertising in the field.

If you have your own outlet, you need to distinguish it from other stores. This can be done with signboards and city lights. To promote goods in the HoReCa segment, make booklets and brochures with information about your production, and a product map where you can order and select the desired products.

Total advertising costs
Printing products, production volume per year:
- price tags, wobblers, shelf-stockers, calendar cards and business cards (at the rate of 1 sheet of A2 format, circulation 1000 pieces, Arktika grade cardboard, 200 g / m2) - 32,000 rubles;
- A4 booklets 1000 pcs. - 8000 rubles;
- production prospectuses 8 pages A4 with a cover - 16,000 rubles;
- posters-posters 1000 pcs. A2 format - 20,000 rubles.
Total: 76,000 rubles.
The figures are approximate, as prices in design studios and printing houses vary significantly.

Search for customers and conclusion of contracts for the supply of products
The portfolio of wholesale buyers is the key to the financial stability of the enterprise. Bulk deliveries must be structured in such a way as to ensure that the shop reaches the break-even point. Wholesale in the sale of products by a mini-workshop can reach 30-70% of the output. Typically, the conclusion of contracts is carried out by sales representatives, who, in addition to wages at a rate, receive a percentage of sales from the existing trade margin. This form of organizing the work of distributors motivates employees to work better.

Financial plan.
As part of this review, we considered a number of examples of the opening of small food production by small enterprises. Now let's try to evaluate the benefits, including in relation to each other.

Investments.
Production shop "Chocolatier»
Room costs:
The cost of opening a workshop for the production of handmade sweets will cost the following amount:
- production volume up to 100 kg / chocolate - 189,000 rubles;
- production volume up to 200 kg / chocolate - 631,000 rubles;
- production volume up to 350 kg / chocolate - 836,000 rubles.
Staff costs will be:
- production volume up to 100 kg / chocolate - 228,000 rubles / month;
- production volume up to 200 kg / chocolate - 228,000 rubles / month;
- production volume up to 350 kg / chocolate - 370,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs: 76,000 rubles/year.
The cost of opening a retail outlet and re-equipping the premises for opening a workshop is 2-3 million rubles.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products
Equipment costs: 2800000-4400000 rubles.
Staff costs in the presence of the Dairy Kitchen store - 321,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs (can be reduced, usually consumers remember products well) - 76,000 rubles / year.
The cost of opening the "Dairy Kitchen" and re-equipping the premises for the opening of a fermented milk products shop is 500,000 rubles.

Shop for the production of bakery products, mini-bakery:
Equipment costs:
- mini-bakery "Home", volume up to 200 kg / day - 50,000 rubles;
- mini-bakery "Prodtech", up to 50 kg/hour - 206939 rubles;
- mini-bakery, up to 3 tons / day - 496,000 rubles;
Staff costs in the presence of the Bakery store - 192,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs (may be reduced or eliminated due to sale through your own outlet) - 76,000 rubles / year.
The cost of opening a bakery and re-equipping the premises for opening a mini-bakery is 500,000 rubles.

Workshop for the production of canned products, jam:
Equipment costs:
- technological line "Yagoda" of the company "Prombiofit" - 1352900 rubles;
Staff costs: 192,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs: 76,000 rubles / year.
The cost of opening the re-equipment of the premises for the opening of a canning shop with its own store is 500,000 rubles.

Please note that the investment plan should include the salaries of employees for 2-6 months. For retail outlets and a workshop, two categories of premises were considered - in the city center and in residential areas, which implies different opening costs.

Payback.
The final calculations are carried out, taking into account all the features of the mini-shop being opened. Primary investments include the cost of acquiring raw materials for production, recipes, a formalized portfolio of technical specifications, employee training, tax expenses, rent of premises and utilities, as well as employees' salaries for 3 months. On the analyzed examples, it is possible to evaluate the payback.

Production shop "Chocolatier»
When purchasing equipment at the Chocolatier club and manufacturing according to the recipes provided. The cost of production is 600-1000 rubles per 1 kg, the average price of handmade sweets is 2000-2500 rubles.

Total costs (estimated), including the salaries of employees for 3 months and the opening of a retail outlet "in the center" - 3,949,000 rubles.

We accept the implementation equal to 70% of the maximum capacity of 0.7 * 250 kg of sweets = 175 kg / month. The average revenue will be 350,000 rubles. In this case, the profit will be about - 175,000 rubles. Estimated payback period is 22 months. On average, the Chocolatier club estimates the payback of the confectionery shop at 1-2 years.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products
Starting investments: 4,600,000 rubles (equipment and premises) + 321,000 rubles*3 (staff). Total 4921000 rubles.

The volume of production is 3.8 tons of yogurt / day and 91 tons / month. The selling price is 200 rubles/kg. The proceeds will be 18200000 rubles. We take the average revenue at 70% load of the shop - 12,740,000 rubles.
The cost of yogurt is about 31 rubles per 1 kg, the cost of sales is on average 300 rubles per kg (Greek yogurt is taken as the basis).

To make a competitive price for consumers with high profits, we reduce the selling price by 30%. We receive revenue of 891,000 rubles / month, with a sales cost of 210 rubles, the cost of production will be about 130,000 rubles. Thus, the estimated income will be (-321,000 wages) - 440,000 rubles / month.
The payback period of the workshop is 11 months.

Shop for the production of bakery products, mini-bakery
For evaluation, let's take the Prodtech mini-bakery, investments:
206,939 rubles (cost of equipment) + 3 * 192,000 rubles (staff) + 75,000 (advertising) + 500,000 (refurbishment of the premises) = 1,357,000 rubles.

The cost of 1 loaf in 1 kg is about 10 rubles. With a monthly production volume of 12 tons of bread, the revenue will be (average selling price of 1 kg - 30 rubles) - 360,000 rubles. The income will be 240,000 rubles, after the payment of wages - 48,000 rubles. Payback 28 months.

The low profitability of the bakery is obvious due to the high cost of flour, in this case it is necessary to optimize the workflow and reduce staff costs by increasing the volume of productivity. It is also permissible to increase the cost of bread.

Workshop for the production of canned products, jam
The total cost of starting production, including wages for 3 months: 2,504,000 rubles. The production volume is 1250 kg/shift, respectively, 30000 kg with a six-day working week. Obviously, this production is seasonal, so for the annual volume without conditions for long-term harvesting, work in 6-8 months should be taken. A full year of work may be subject to the availability of greenhouses or the purchase of fruits supplied from abroad. In this case, the income will be estimated approximately, since at different times of the year there will be a different cost of jam.

Production volume for 8 months: 240 tons of jam. The selling price is 87 rubles/kg. The annual revenue will be 20880000 rubles. The cost of production in the canning industry is constantly changing, so we will conditionally accept the figure of 43.5 rubles / kg. The proceeds will be 10440000 rubles. Salaries for 8 months 1530000 rubles. Conditional income 8910000 rubles.
The payback period of the workshop is about 3 months, on average - 1 summer season.

Pelmeni production is a process similar to home cooking, but on a larger scale. The product goes through several stages:

1. Selection of raw materials (meat, flour, spices, water).
2. Development of a recipe - dumplings from one type of meat or combined minced meat.
3. Cooking dough, which should not be thick, but also will not tear at the most crucial moment.
4. The choice of sculpting method - manual or machine.
5. The production process from minced meat to packaging and sending to the freezer. It can be conveyor or manual.

There is nothing difficult. There is only one moment - to sculpt dumplings at home, where the hostess alone controls the process, or in the “kitchen” of an industrial volume, where everything must be sterile, molded in accordance with the recipe and requirements of state authorities. Pelmeni production can be organized in the kitchen in your home or you can find a suitable room and equip it with appropriate equipment and equipment. These are two different areas in which the scale of investment and the amount of output are significantly different. Accordingly, the opportunities to earn will be different.

With home production, it is impossible to issue the documents that are necessary to accompany the dumplings to the grocery store shelves. Rospotrebnadzor, SES and other authorities issue permits, certificates, certificates only for products manufactured in specially equipped premises. Therefore, you can sculpt dumplings for sale only for acquaintances, relatives or private consumers. But you won't earn a lot of capital on this.

Opening a dumpling shop, even a small one, provides more opportunities than home-made ones. A small business in the production of dumplings usually starts as a family business and gradually gains momentum. Starting immediately with a large complex is irrational, given the scale of competition. It is better to move from small to big, taking into account mistakes and finding attractive recipes for consumers. In addition to dumplings, the production can produce dumplings with various fillings. It won't cause much trouble because the sculpting principle is the same, but the revenue can be higher due to the variety of choices for customers.

Right start

Where to start for a beginner if he is attracted by a business idea for the production of dumplings? Any entrepreneurship begins with a deep analysis of the selected market segment and writing a detailed business plan. Without this, you will not be able to understand what investments will be required at the initial stage and whether this direction is profitable in a particular region. If the conclusions are positive, then the following steps will have to be completed:

1. Register as an entrepreneur.
2. Find a room that meets the requirements for the location of food production.
3. Collect a package of documents in state institutions, which will allow you to open a dumpling shop.
4. Develop a recipe and decide which list of products will be produced in production.
5. Select equipment.
6. To study potential partners who can provide the workshop with high-quality raw materials.
7. Solve the staffing issue.
8. Find distribution channels for semi-finished products.
9. Develop a marketing strategy.

These are the main points in the implementation of his idea for the production of dumplings. Let's consider each stage in more detail.

Organizational moments

Considering the algorithm of actions for a novice entrepreneur, we will focus on opening a separate dumpling shop, and not homemade dumplings. You can start either by finding a suitable premises, or by registering a business. Although, when submitting documents for registration with the Federal Tax Service, you will have to submit a lease agreement or proof of ownership of a particular object.

A novice entrepreneur should take care of a room that:

• Complies with the requirements of SES, fire department.
• It has access to water supply, electricity, sewerage.
• Spacious, it is possible to arrange equipment and ensure the safety of raw materials and products.
• It is desirable that the production is located close to the settlement in order to reduce transportation costs. This is beneficial for expanding the scope of activities, if over time it will be customary to open your own dumpling cafe.

If the premises will be rented, then you need to agree with the owner on a long stay so that at the stage of recovery you do not have to curtail production and change location.

Business registration

For a dumpling shop, two forms of work are relevant: an individual entrepreneur (individual entrepreneur), if there is one owner, and an LLC (limited liability company), if several partners invest in the business. In any case, you need to collect a full package of documents, pay the state duty and contact the regional tax office. When filling out the application, you must select the type of main and additional activities according to OKVED. The following codes are suitable for the production of dumplings:

• We choose the main type of business activity as “Production of food products” (code 10).
• There are two additional types: for dumplings with meat - "Production of meat (meat-containing) semi-finished products" (code 10.13.4), for dumplings with potatoes - "Production of frozen semi-finished products from potatoes" (code 10.31).

At the registration stage, it is necessary to choose a taxation system so that the tax office does not automatically make accruals according to the general system, which may be disadvantageous for a novice entrepreneur. It is necessary to consult with the tax authorities, but most often businessmen choose the simplified tax system according to the “income minus expenses” scheme, given that there will be a lot of expenses at the first stage.

Do not forget to register with the Pension Fund, Social Insurance Fund, Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, if you plan to hire employees. In production, it is impossible for one owner to do all the work, even with full automation of the workshop.

We collect a package of documents

Business legalization is not the only paper stage. After receiving the certificate, you will have to go to other authorities in order to obtain permission to open a dumpling shop. What documents need to be collected:

• Lease agreement for the selected premises.
• An act of inspection of the premises by firefighters (usually this document is drawn up by the owner of the property).
• Technical passport for the premises with the latest revision of the redevelopment.
• Recipe approved by Rospotrebnadzor.
• Specifications.
• Conclusion of the SES on the state of the areas where production will be located.
• Projects of engineering and technological communications (placement of electrical networks, water supply, sewerage, exhaust, fire alarm, panic button).
• A quality certificate will be required for products if sales are planned for grocery stores.
• Permission from the administration and architecture to open a dumpling shop, posting information on the facade of the building.

Documents can be collected gradually. First of all, it is desirable to pass an inspection of the premises so that the investments are not in vain, if the SES does not issue a permit and it will be impossible to correct the shortcomings. After approval, you can contact the design services that will help equip the premises and properly plan the space.

Production equipment

This stage is the most costly and stressful, because it is necessary to bring all the rooms into proper condition, select and order equipment, provide conditions for the work of personnel, storage of raw materials and products. Objects in the dumpling shop, warehouse should be placed ergonomically so as not to make unnecessary movements. To complete the production hall, you will need equipment that corresponds to the planned daily production plan.

At this stage, it is desirable to study various proposals for equipment, analyze the characteristics, cost. For a novice entrepreneur, in order to save money, there is the option of buying used equipment. But it can be a "pig in a poke" if the resource of equipment, devices is coming to an end. Repairs will be expensive, and this will lead to a downtime of the dumpling line.

A standard set of equipment for mechanical molding of dumplings, dumplings may consist of the following items:

• Dough mixer for kneading dough. Its cost depends on the power, bowl volume and hourly productivity. It varies from 50,000 to 300,000 rubles.
• The flour sifter allows you to remove lumps, small inclusions from the mass and saturate it with oxygen. The average cost for one set is from 25,000 to 100,000 rubles.
• Meat grinder for mincing meat. The range is large, but it is worth considering the volume of production. The cost of an industrial meat grinder is from 50,000 to 500,000 rubles.
• A meat mixer is used to mix the necessary ingredients. The better the process is, the more homogeneous, richer and tastier the minced meat is. Prices are in the region from 70,000 to 500,000 rubles.
• An automatic complex for the production of dumplings, into which dough, minced meat are loaded and where programs are configured. Products go through the entire stage from dough rolling to packing dumplings and labeling. Such a device can cost from 300,000 to 1.5 million rubles.
• Refrigeration equipment will be required for a warehouse where raw materials and finished products will be stored. The dumpling shop also needs a refrigerator for pre-freezing finished products before the stage of packaging and storage.
• Do not forget that you will need funds for consumables for equipment, packaging, labels, scales, various containers, utensils. Rooms for staff should be equipped with a wardrobe, a bathroom, a shower room to ensure the hygiene of employees.
• In the administrative building it is necessary to install upholstered, cabinet furniture, office equipment.

You don't have to spend a lot of money on repairs. It is enough to make a simple cosmetic repair so that it is clean, and think about light sources, an exhaust hood.

Recipe development

There is a wide range of dumplings with various fillings on the market, so the owner needs to develop his own product recipe in order to be able to attract consumers. Without a ready-made recipe and a list of manufactured products, it will not be possible to obtain approval from Rospotrebnadzor.

Perhaps a mother or grandmother cooked dumplings according to her family recipe and their taste was unforgettable. Then you can take it as a basis. But one type is not enough to get a large audience of consumers. Tastes and preferences are different, so you can use different types of meat for the filling:

• Beef.
• Pork.
• Veal.
• Mutton.
• Bird (various).
• Game (hare, venison, etc.).
• Rabbit.

The more diverse the choice, the more buyers. You can order a recipe from an experienced technologist if such a position is not provided for in the state.

Packaging is also an important detail in the sale of products, it is worth discussing this issue with designers if the option of selling dumplings and dumplings by weight is not provided.

We complete the staff

Pelmeni production of small volume requires hiring employees. Even a fully automated workshop must be controlled by a person in order to lay the ingredients, set up the work program, turn on the conveyor. Small business often involves the participation of family members, but each participant must be formalized under an employment contract and have a health book on hand. For a small production, services will be required:

• Equipment operator.
• Technologist.
• Butcher.
• Warehouse Manager.
• Ancillary worker.
• Loader.
• Cleaning woman.

The owner can deal with administrative work and the issue of finding suppliers and distribution channels so as not to spend money on the administrator and manager. We hire an accountant part-time, because there will not be a large amount of work at the initial stage. You can do a lot of paperwork yourself. Employees are paid a salary, because it makes no sense to determine the salary level by sales volume.

Selection of raw material suppliers

Making dumplings is not only equipment, but also high-quality raw materials at an affordable price. It is necessary to find suppliers of meat, spices, vegetables in advance. It is unprofitable to buy products on the market or in a store, because the price will be very high, which will affect the final cost of dumplings. In order to make money and not spoil the impression of buyers, you need a farmer who breeds animals for slaughter and has documents on the quality of meat. Without certificates, it will not be possible to sell dumplings through retail chains.

Spices and flour can be bought at wholesale bases, but you should make sure of their quality. The type of flour will greatly affect the external indicators of semi-finished products and their properties in finished form. First you need to make a trial purchase and make a small batch of dumplings to see the result. Delivery of raw materials can be carried out independently or to conclude a delivery agreement with a partner.

We think about the sale of products in advance

Dumplings, although they do not belong to perishable products, but it is unprofitable to keep a large batch in stock for a long time. Therefore, before launching production at full capacity, you need to find a distribution channel:

• Small grocery store.
• Canteen, cafe.
• Rent a small area and install a chest-refrigerator.
• Go to chain stores.
• Participate in agricultural fairs and sell dumplings from a tent on wheels.

In any case, you should not immediately count on a large demand, because until the consumer tries, he will not buy several packages. You can release a trial batch of products and organize a tasting of dumplings so that people can evaluate the quality and leave requests for single deliveries.

Start looking for distribution channels at the stage of preparation for the opening of production in order to control production volumes and not work at a loss. Investments should pay off, the profitability of the production of dumplings should not be lower than 25%.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before starting to implement a business idea, it is worth studying the pros and cons of this direction so as not to curtail production after investing large amounts of money. The disadvantages of the business on dumplings include the following points:

• You are unknown to the consumer, and it takes time to get enough customers at once (this is especially true in the food industry).
• It is difficult for newcomers to enter large retail chains, because companies set conditions in which it is impossible for a manufacturer to make good money if the cost of products is not overestimated. And this is not in favor of the consumer. Retail chains transfer money with delays, so the manufacturer needs to pay all expenses on his own without making a profit.
• It is difficult to find premises suitable for production. We have to invest in redevelopment, equipping with water supply, electricity, and other communications.
• The competition is serious, but it all depends on the location of the new workshop, the quality, assortment and cost of the goods presented on the shelves.

The advantages include the following indicators:

• There is always a demand for dumplings. Even a middle-income family often fills the freezer with ready-to-cook foods to cook them at the right time.
• Consumers choose quality. If competitors think only about profit, greatly inflate prices, add soy and flavorings, then it makes sense to compete with them in quality and reasonable price.
• You can earn even on small batches and not spend money on expensive equipment. Use common kitchen appliances, get the family involved in making dumplings by hand, or use a special dumpling mold.
• There is a prospect for expansion if you open a dumplings or a small outlet to personally sell your products.

It is beneficial to establish sales in the countryside, where the range of products is not always large. Even rural residents do not always want to make homemade dumplings. Therefore, it makes sense to start your own business.

Eventually

Despite the large number of enterprises engaged in the production of semi-finished products, the demand for dumplings and dumplings will never disappear. It’s not worth “swinging at” a large complex right away, but as part of a small business, for example, a family business, it makes sense to start in the food industry. A good option could be a dumpling shop with the function of selling a finished dish, the so-called dumpling shop. The principle of registration and preparation for opening is approximately the same, but requires more investment. Although the yield may be higher.

In fact, now factories are not only colossus built in Soviet times and European colossi - industry leaders. There are also mini-factories, which are quite capable of making good competition in the hands of even a small entrepreneurial business. And such a specific type has its own undeniable advantages that can and should be used.

Benefits of small production facilities

Mobility. Naturally, the main advantages come from the main difference between such plants - their size. Mini-factories usually do not cause difficulties in assembly. And there is no need to look for an area of ​​​​several hectares, respectively, it is possible to significantly save on rent. And if necessary, quickly arrange a move to your plant.

Profitability. Savings are everywhere. Starting from the prices of production equipment and ending with the amount of expenses for wages. After all, a much smaller amount of human resources will be involved in the mini-complex. However, remember that often repair and maintenance work does not differ in such economy.

Efficiency. Such mini-factories use technologies that differ from standard enterprises. This is a new branch of production development, so the use of other resources, coupled with technologies, allows you to develop faster and more efficiently.

Environmental friendliness. In our time, especially if you follow the path of European standards, and it is almost impossible not to do this on the world market, environmental friendliness for your enterprise will not remain in last place. The processes of waste recycling, the use of recyclable materials - all this not only ensures the required level of “cleanliness” of the plant and the environment, but is also a powerful marketing tool in capable hands.

Exclusivity. The ability to create a non-standard, use individual solutions and stand out from competitors in every possible way is gaining more and more popularity. And the price of such things differs from the market price of standard things in a big way.

Support from the state. Now in different countries, including Russia, many programs have been created to support the development of small business ideas. If you plan to use socially significant areas, you have every chance to receive subsidies from government agencies. The environmental friendliness of production, by the way, refers just to the subsidized direction. And not necessarily only businessmen starting a business in the capital can count on this. Small towns are also eligible, and starting a business there is often easier. (By the way, many start in general with garage production).

Variety of species

At this stage of development of this business area, several main directions can be distinguished, based on the industries that include mini-factories.

Building sector. These are enterprises producing various types of building materials, concrete, bricks, mixtures for mortars, different types of tiles - from paving to ceramic, building materials for exterior and interior decoration.

Food industry. This includes food processing (such as meat or milk), canning, the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, and the production of bakery products. And complexes intended for public catering enterprises.

processing industry. There are complexes for the processing of waste, garbage, recyclable materials.

Packaging industry. Container production, packaging production.

light industry sector. Manufacture of cosmetics, perfumes, household goods, textiles.

It should be noted that this is only a small part of the possible list, consisting of those industries that are now most popular with entrepreneurs. It is they who have good indicators of return and the ratio of payback and invested resources. But in no way should it be limited to this when choosing a direction. So, you can, for example, opt for the woodworking industry, or a complex for the production of hardware products, since the choice on the market for such services is not limited by anything. And all you have to do before making a choice is to evaluate the optimal price-quality ratio for you, focusing on your desires and capabilities.

As for the choice of a manufacturer for your future equipment, the choice here is also not limited, including countries. So, if before the entrepreneurs of our country settled on proposals mainly from Western manufacturers, now an increasing number of businessmen are choosing China. Their quality is constantly growing, bringing to the world market brands that are no longer inferior to other European brands, and prices compare favorably. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to get acquainted with all the available offers, as well as with the reviews of those who have already used this or that product. Fortunately, global access to the information network allows you to do this with maximum coverage.

Offers from Chinese equipment manufacturers

Brick production. The raw material for this industry is clay or waste from metallurgical and mining industries, as well as cement and water. For coloring, pigment-containing substances are used. For the production of hollow bricks - sawdust.

Production and processing of milk. With the help of complexes of this industry, milk is poured into containers. As well as the production of dairy and sour-milk products. Such as kefirs of various fat content, yogurts, butter and cheeses, koumiss. The capacity of the mini-factory is enough to achieve processing rates of up to 20,000 liters of milk of various types - cow, camel, mare, goat.

Production of foam blocks. To set up production, you do not need to master complex high technologies, and the process itself allows you to manage with small cash investments. But it is ideal for those entrepreneurs who want to develop their business in the construction industry. An excellent quality of such a mini-production and at the same time a competitive advantage will be the fact that such production does not require space, it can be organized right at the construction site, thereby reducing a significant part of the logistics costs. Also, an entrepreneur, in addition to saving, gets the opportunity to control the quality of his products, which directly affects demand. The payback of the plant for the production of foam blocks in comparison with other types of production is extremely fast.

Waste recycling. A distinctive feature of this type of production complex is that you will need to obtain licenses from the relevant services. Sanitary fire department and proper license for waste processing. However, as mentioned earlier, it is the environmental orientation of the business that will allow you to become a participant in business support programs and receive a grant to develop your business.

Feed production. If you are planning to develop your business in the agricultural industry, or are a farmer yourself, wanting to reduce the cost of purchasing and delivering feed for your farm, then this area is for you. The production complex allows focusing on the production of complete feed for animals and birds, feed concentrates and balancing feed additives.

Release of toilet paper. The raw material in such production is waste paper. Again, in connection with this, the social role of your enterprise increases, and you can count on various kinds of benefits and subsidized support from the state. Well, the demand for such products will never weaken, which means that with the right planning and strategy for your business, you can achieve good results.

The price of the production complex

The cost of a mini-factory varies based on the cost of equipment, the necessary costs for the delivery of the complex to the buyer, customs costs for paperwork and taxes. Prices on the market also vary from the completeness of such plants, as well as the capacity of the equipment and its performance. Therefore, as it was written earlier, it is better to spend more time analyzing all the offers on the market and reduce possible costs already in the first steps of your business.

So, for example, a Chinese-made porous brick complex with a capacity of 10,000 pieces per eight-hour work shift will cost around $25,000. But the same mini-factory, capable of producing 10 times more in one shift, as well as producing paving slabs, will cost $130,000. Therefore, you need to choose exactly knowing what volumes you need and already having an idea about the implementation of your own product.

Production complexes for the manufacture of foam blocks at prices start at 100,000, but may well reach up to two million rubles. Again, perhaps you will pick up a profitable offer from a Russian supplier. Then the cost of delivery and customs clearance will be reduced.

For one million rubles, you can also find complexes from the food processing industry that will allow you to produce mayonnaise, ketchup, sauces, canned fish, juices and nectars, purees, marinades, chips, vegetable oil, but perhaps you have a goal for one specific product and then it will be possible to pick up something cheaper. There are many options.

But production lines for the processing of milk and meat are initially more expensive. Prices start from two million and sometimes reach up to 20-30. But a canning mini-factory can cost only 500,000.

As for recycling, the price here varies depending on what types of waste you will recycle. If these are tires, from which rubber crumb will be obtained, then it will be possible to find a price tag of one and a half million, but the processing of PET and PVC is much more expensive - about 10 million.

How to choose?

If the choice fell on foreign technologies, please note that it will be more convenient to make a purchase through an intermediary company that will take care of all the little things. There are enough specialized offices in the market. They will not only take care of the paperwork, but in some cases they will deliver the goods and carry out the necessary installation. Of course, their services are not free, but as a result, you will save both time and nerves, and the costs of specialists can pay off with a quick start and the absence of unexpected situations during the first tests of the equipment.

Remember that you should already know in advance the sales corridor for your future products. You need to be aware of both your competitors and how demand is behaving. All this should be reflected in the business plan. This is the only way to achieve a high-quality strategy for the development of your business and not lose money and time.

If all costs, both obligatory and probable, are taken into account, if all steps are scheduled not only for the organization of production, but also for its immediate development, then you will be able to get the first real profit very soon. And the difficulties that in any case arise at different stages of the organization of any entrepreneurial business will not make you give up.

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