How to convert manure into humus. Manure processing bacteria. Can fresh manure be used as fertilizer?

On large farms, manure accumulated in large quantities in livestock farms is used as organic fertilizer. However, pure manure masses are not used, their special processing is necessary.

Manure is the end product of the digestive process of animals and birds (in the latter case, the substance is called droppings). Farmers and gardeners resort to the introduction of horse, cow and other excrement into the soil to enrich the soil composition with useful elements. Horse waste is more valued for its properties, but is found in smaller volumes due to the reduction of horse farms and their inhabitants.

It is important to dispose and process manure into fertilizer. As a result of top dressing, the soil layer of the earth becomes loose and permeable to moisture and air, the temperature rises, and the acidity decreases. Seeds sprout better, an adult plant is characterized by abundant flowering and brings many high-quality, large fruits.

Manure contains phosphorus, nitrogen, molybdenum, calcium, potassium, copper, magnesium and other elements. They provide a favorable environment for healthy growth and development of plants, affect the quality of budding and fruiting processes.

Pathogenic bacteria also penetrate into the soil with beneficial bacteria. They must be removed before applying the processed manure to the soil.

The Benefits of Recycling

Fresh litter is not a complete fertilizer. In addition to useful micro and macro elements, it contains:

All this inhibits the growth and development of vegetation, harms the life and health of humans and animals.

Manure needs time to mature - from 3 months to a year. In order for plants to receive the necessary organic matter, bacteria must decompose manure masses to humus, accessible to garden and garden crops.

The benefits of recycling are:

improving the quality and available useful properties of manure;
destruction of pests: fungi, microorganisms and weeds;
decrease in ammonia concentration;
prevention of pollution of land and groundwater;
increasing soil fertility.

Manure storage methods

There are various manure storage options:

Dense (cold) - small piles are stacked in layers in storage. The manure is compacted, the formation of ammonia does not occur inside, the temperature does not fluctuate sharply, excess oxygen leaves.
Loose and loose (biothermal and anaerobic). Both methods are based on maintaining high temperatures inside the heap. Manure is stacked in layers (loosely or compacted) in a specially organized place, covered with peat and straw. This contributes to the destruction of harmful seeds and organisms.

Thanks to the fermentation processes, subsequently (on average after half a year) a fertilizer rich in organic matter is obtained, which can be used to feed plants and improve soil structure and its properties.

Manure disposal

Manure is a valuable biomaterial. There are different ways to dispose of manure. The inclusion of manure masses in soils is possible after their maturation, which takes a long period of time. Recycling is the fastest way, mainly carried out in order to prevent environmental pollution and obtain a clean, natural fertilizer. For this, mechanical equipment (conveyors, pipes and pumps), the introduction of microorganisms into specially created conditions and other methods are used. Sometimes animal digestion products serve as a material for obtaining biofuels for farms.

Methods for processing manure into fertilizer

There are many options for processing animal manure into useful humus: infusion, various types of composting, obtaining granules, introducing microorganisms, and so on.

Composting

It consists in the repeated laying of manure layers (including organic waste, grass, straw). Bacteria are connected for the processing of pig manure or any other, contained in some components of the future humus. Layers of organic matter rot and decay for an average of 1 year, after which the compost can be used as a natural fertilizer.

Vermicomposting

A type of composting, in which the processing of cattle (cattle) manure occurs with the help of specially bred worms. Most often resort to this method on farms. Worms not only process raw manure to a state suitable for use as a fertilizer, but also continue to loosen the soil after top dressing, enriching it with oxygen and making it fertile, accessible for fluid and nutrients from outside.

Before introducing the worms, the manure is mixed with lime or bone meal to create the right acidity.

Bacteria application method

The end products of animal digestion can be processed by introduced bacteria. Conditions favorable for the development and reproduction of microorganisms are created and maintained. Subsequently, a fertile mass rich in useful substances is formed.

Granulation

A technique by which granules are obtained from manure with a high concentration of organic compounds, micro- and macroelements. They are easy to use, have low consumption and quickly dissolve in water.

Benefits of granules:

popular among gardeners and convenient form;
absence of dangerous organisms;
abundance of organic matter;
duration of storage;
water solubility.

What equipment is used in the production of pellets?

Before the formation of granules, manure must be rid of moisture. This procedure is carried out in specialized drying machines. This is expensive, but not energy-intensive equipment. Then the mass is driven through a grinding apparatus (particle size may vary). The final stage is the entry of the biomaterial into the granulator and the production of granules - a universal fertilizer suitable for any plant and soil type.

The use of biological products for manure processing

Preparations of biological origin, aimed at the accelerated conversion of raw manure into fertilizer, contain bacteria for the processing of manure from cattle and other farm animals.

When choosing microbiological preparations, it is important to consider which animal's manure needs to be processed, as well as the direction of the agents themselves, since not all act in the same way.

The most famous and used in agriculture: Agrostar, Biolatic and Biokhlev. Methods of application, conditions of storage and sale, spectrum of action are indicated on the packaging of the drug. Agrobreeze is also a valuable tool - specially created lactic acid and spore-forming bacteria, yeast fungi that delay the release of ammonia and decompose proteins, complex carbohydrates that make up manure.

Biologicals:

added to a container containing manure masses of cattle (cows, bulls, etc.) or pigs;
used to treat and clean animal litter, eliminate odor;
do not require preliminary preparation before use;
have a fairly low price.

It is necessary to monitor the humidity in the room: it must be optimal (not high, but not low), because otherwise the bacteria stop multiplying and die.

To achieve maximum effect, you need to monitor the favorable environment. This contributes to the rapid and high-quality processing of manure, the destruction of harmful substances, and the improvement of the positive properties of animal digestive waste.

The composition of biological products for manure processing

The main components contained in preparations of biological origin include:

Enzymes are protein molecules that speed up chemical reactions. They destroy unnecessary organic matter in the feces, under the influence of which carbon and nitrogen are formed.
Yeast is a single-celled fungus, a valuable bioproduct enriched with vitamins, minerals, and proteins. They contain large amounts of iron. Yeast is actively involved in the utilization of pig manure and cattle feces, the formation of a fertile soil layer.
Lactic acid bacteria. They are responsible for the formation of lactic acid and its transformation into a substrate, and also play a role in slowing down the formation of pest bacteria and the course of pathological processes.

Manure is a natural source of nutrients of animal origin, rich in organic matter. Special preparations increase efficiency when using manure masses on the farm. It is necessary to take into account the specifics of the processing and disposal of manure, as well as follow the rules for its use: this will help increase crop yields and soil fertility.

Any livestock farm is associated with the production of a large amount of waste, in particular, natural products of food processing by animals. Simply put, sooner or later, the farmer accumulates a huge amount of manure, which is a wonderful organic fertilizer. However, not every culture can “feed” on manure and the substances that it contains, since they are very aggressive. That is why it will not work to realize the entire accumulated mass by selling it or donating it to the needs of horticultural farms. This raises the question: how is the processing of manure, and what is needed in order to carry it out? We will try to answer the puzzled farmers in the material presented.

As we have already said, manure is a very popular fertilizer that can increase soil fertility many times over. Its obvious advantages include:

naturalness;
environmental friendliness.

The fact is that manure is essentially the feces of cows, horses and other large agricultural livestock, formed after the digestion of a large number of different herbs by these animals, which also, in turn, contain various nutrients.

However, almost no one uses manure in its “raw”, unprocessed form. The fact is that fresh waste is also characterized by many dangers that can harm the crops grown on it. This is about:

In other words, for work in gardens and orchards, not the manure itself is used, but its derivative - humus, which is obtained after keeping the manure for some time, during which it partially or completely rots.

In Russia, the issues of manure processing are more relevant than ever, since farming in our country is flourishing, and representatives of this area of employment practice the disposal and processing of waste from such farm animals as:

cows;
horses;
pigs;
rabbits.

There are two main types of manure.

Table number 1. Existing types of manure

Type of manure	Description
Bedding mass of faeces	Bedding manure is obtained by keeping animals in pens and rooms, when they defecate on the bedding. More often this method of keeping is used in large, commercial farms. The pad is: sawdust; · straw; · peat, etc. The presence of bedding in manure does not particularly affect its final qualities, however, it increases the total mass of the substance and adds nutritional value to it.
Unlittered mass of faeces	Bedless manure is a concentrated mass of feces from farm animals kept without bedding. So, for example, you can get it from animals that defecate in slurry gutters, or simply on surfaces that are not covered with anything. Such manure usually accumulates in one tank, and farmers dispose of it by accumulating large volumes at once.

How is manure processed?

The entire processing cycle of this nutrient fertilizer is represented by several basic steps.

First, the farmer collects feces using the methods available to him.
The collected masses are delivered to specialized storage facilities made specifically for this type of waste.

Next, the waste is placed in the storage, taking into account the specific technologies for the implementation of this process, taking into account the final type of fertilizer that is planned to be obtained after processing.

There are two main types of manure storage facilities used today for the processing procedure. We are talking about:

names of an open type, represented by pits;
buildings of a closed type, organized on the ground.

Processing in these storage facilities allows you to get fertilizers of several types:

semi-rotted substrate;
completely rotted manure;
humus.

Let's look at the ways of laying manure in storage, implying different degrees of compaction of the substrate.

Table number 2. How manure is laid in a manure storage for fertilizer

Way	Description
Dense laying	With dense laying of manure, the layers of the introduced mass are carefully compacted, thus displacing: Excess liquid · air. With this method, a large amount of nitrogen, useful for many plants, is retained in the final product of processing, while all harmful microorganisms die.
Loose-dense laying	This method involves two processing steps. 1. First, the manure is packed tightly, by analogy with the method described above, so that harmful microorganisms are inhibited and the raw material decomposes more quickly to the desired stage. 2. Without waiting for the final overheating, the processed manure is laid denser and compacted.
Loose manure laying	With loose laying of manure, tamping does not occur, and the solution overheats in the desired state in a fairly short time.

The above technologies are traditional and have been used for many years. Unfortunately, their disadvantage is the duration of the most natural processing process, since it can take from 3 to 12 months before the formation of a completely rotted and rotted substance suitable for use in horticultural activities.

It is for this reason that farmers began to use specialized microbiological substances for processing excrement, which make it possible to obtain ready-made fertilizer from fresh excrement of agricultural cattle in the shortest possible time period.

Methods for processing manure into finished fertilizer

Method #1 - Composting

So, in order to make compost from fresh manure, you will need several elements of the future substance:

animal excrement;
vegetable filler.

Here the fantasies and possibilities of the farmer are given free rein, since components in almost any form are suitable for work. Faeces can be used:

in liquid form;
hard;
mixed with bedding;
in its purest form.

As for the natural component, it can be mixed into the mass in the form of:

chopped into a small mass of straw;
peat, etc.

These substances are mixed with each other with the participation of bulldozers, and then placed in the so-called heaps. In this case, the laying of the desired heaps is carried out layer by layer:

at the beginning they lay out the collected feces, prepared last year, and already a little lying down;
then fresh plant mass is placed in our pile, for example, green herbs, vegetable greens, root crops themselves or other crops that could not be used for eating, fruits, berries, etc .;
the last layer is freshly collected, raw faeces from farm animals.

Such a sequential calculation is carried out not once, but several times, until the heap of the desired size is reached.

Then the future compost is watered from above, and the mass is left for a while. In it, the temperature will soon rise, after which:

the destruction of all pests will gradually occur;
the mass will begin to rot rather quickly.

This method is used quite often.

Method number 2 - vermicomposting

The desired method involves the disposal of livestock excrement, in which worms are directly involved. So, with this method, the following are also mixed into the stacked masses of nutrient substances:

flour from the bones of a bird or animal;
wood ash.

These elements will create an acidic environment in the manure masses suitable for worms. Having received everything they need for life, the worms that have multiplied in manure, processing it very quickly, will also get into the soil with fertilizer, which will only increase its nutritional value.

Method number 3 - processing using fly larvae

In this case, excrement and other raw materials are loaded into special installations, and along with them, fly larvae are abundantly added there. The desired larvae process manure. Subsequently, they also remain in it, adding a lot of protein to the composition.

Method number 4 - composting using humates and glauconite

Humates are special biological additives of organic origin. Glauconite is a natural mineral element. Adding the desired substances can greatly speed up the manure processing process.

In addition, their very presence in the composition of the desired mass will increase its value, as well as its efficiency, which will be clearly visible after the introduction of humus into the ground for the sake of fertilizing any crops.

In addition, it must be said that the use of glauconite has a beneficial effect on the more thorough disinfection of manure, as well as its purification from various harmful impurities.

Method number 5 - infusion of manure

This method of processing manure consists in the fact that the liquid part of the mass is poured into a special huge container. Next, the slurry is poured with water in a similar volume, and the resulting solution is infused for 7 days. After this liquid is used to prepare an even less concentrated solution, mixing with water in a ratio of 1: 10.

Method number 6 - obtaining biogas

Another way to process the excrement of farm animals is to obtain biological gas, which is produced in the process of methane decomposition of the desired feces. So, a ton of cow cakes can give up to 50 cubic meters of the desired volatile substance, from the total mass of which up to 60% of methane can be extracted. This gas will subsequently be used as fuel.

Biological additives for the disposal of animal excrement

As we have already said, farmers can add microbiological-type preparations to the processed masses of feces obtained from agricultural cattle. That is, these products are produced using various bacteria specially bred for agricultural needs. The desired bioadditives not only speed up the entire processing procedure, but also allow you to save almost all the beneficial substances contained in manure from destruction. In addition, biological additives reduce the stench emanating from manure storage, which also cannot but rejoice.

There are many types of additives that are used in processing under certain circumstances. So, there are bacteria that:

are added to the masses laid in piles;
able to survive in the absence of oxygen;
processing manure obtained from pigs, so that later it becomes a universal bedding that will need to be changed only after a few years.

The use of this processing method has become widespread, as it has many different advantages, for example:

profitability;
security.

In addition, these methods of disposal can make it possible to obtain not only fertilizers from organic animal waste, but also:

gases;
bedding;
fuel (safe and clean, suitable for various heating systems).

Nevertheless, in Russia, unfortunately, these methods of disposal are not so often implemented, because manure is increasingly being used for the needs of agricultural enterprises.

What equipment should be purchased for manure processing

What equipment a farmer will need to purchase for manure processing depends on what type of disposal he chooses. Let's take a look at all the different technical objects you might need.

So, first of all, you will need to attend to the collection of animal feces. To do this, you can use a variety of devices, for example:

a hydraulic system in which the trays, into which animal feces merge, have special outlets with water entering inside, which, under pressure, flushes the accumulated mass into the tank;
a mechanical assembly system involves the installation of a waste tray, which is represented by a conveyor with scrapers that collect and accumulate waste in one place;
slit-type floors imply the flow and fall of feces through the slits under the influence of, in fact, the limbs of animals, and the ingress of feces into a special collection channel.

After the mass has been collected, it will be necessary to move it to the storage location using:

various tractor carts;
pneumatic type installations;
pumping stations;
trucks, etc.

Equipment for the disposal of manure can be represented by a whole plant.

So, for example, to move and mix the layers in the compost heap, it is necessary to use the so-called mechanical agitators, which are responsible for the uniformity of the decay of the mass.

To get biogas, you need to load the liquid part of the waste into a bioreactor, where it will be heated, thereby starting the fermentation processes, while volatile fuel will be released, which, by the way, the farmer himself can later use as an element of the heating system.

To separate the liquid part of the feces from the solid, you must also use a technique, which in this case will be called a separator. This device is represented, in fact, by a special sieve.

Benefits of using modern disposal methods

The traditional processing of animal excrement is still used today, despite the fact that it has notable disadvantages, such as:

a large amount of time required to process the substance obtained from livestock;
the opportunity to get nutritional fertilizer at the end of processing and nothing more.

Due to these reasons, often large quantities of manure are simply stored near farms, causing great damage to the environment and living organisms with toxic emissions, spreading infections.

The use of modern processing methods allows:

seriously speed up the recycling process;
process raw materials into fuel, bedding, more universal fertilizer;
keep the environment safe.

Of course, innovative processing requires high costs, but over time it will more than pay for itself, bringing several times (or even dozens of times) more benefits.

Video - How to apply manure correctly

Summing up

Manure processing is a procedure that every farmer who keeps a substantial amount of livestock has to face. Luckily, excrement can now be recycled for the most profit, providing your business with an additional source of income. At the same time, you will not only get rid of a bunch of fetid bowel movements, but also bring great benefits to the world around you.

Resistant thermophilic bacteria "Biolatic" (Biolatic) quickly cope with intensive cattle waste. Other composts (based on mesophilic bacteria) are more expensive, since microorganisms die in them already at high temperatures.

Convenient delivery: the product is in powder form and resistant to negative temperatures.

More profitable than other manufacturers of utilizers due to the high concentration of useful microelements: 20 billion bacteria per 1 gram of the product.

Reduces the hazard class of cattle waste.

Dry product.

A free consultation on the use of the product is available throughout Russia.

More about the product

The product contains a special complex of bacteria that accelerate the fermentation of cattle manure into high-quality compost. This saves the farm owner from paying environmental fines.

The fertilizer contains all the necessary trace elements for plants and there are no pathogenic microorganisms.

Type of product - powder crushed into dust with a slight smell of fermentation.

Packaging - a tight vacuum bag, dosage - 1kg/pack and 200gr/pack.

Expiration date - 18 months.

Storage conditions - in a dry, dark place at a positive temperature and normal humidity.

Training

At the rate of 1 kg per 100 kg of filler: mix the drug in dry form with any kind of organic material (straw, sawdust).

Or dilute 1 kg of the drug in 100 liters of warm water. To speed up fermentation, it is recommended to add 500 grams of sugar. Leave for 3-6 hours.

Fermentation

Spread the manure in layers 20-25 cm high. Distribute the prepared solution between layers 15-20 cm thick. Up to 4-5 layers are acceptable.

Or create a herd with a height of up to 1-1.5 m and a width of up to 2 m. Spill the prepared solution over the herd or scatter it in a dry form. Mix the resulting composition.

Turn the manure every 3 days.

At high humidity of manure (more than 60%), an organic filler is recommended. You can add bran, straw, sawdust, etc.

In weather below +8, it is advisable to cover the manure with a film.

During fermentation, the temperature of the waste rises to 70 degrees. To prevent bacteria from dying, it is recommended to stir the composition at a temperature above 60 degrees.

For good ventilation, it is important to make holes in the compost.

The best place for fermentation: a room with a roof and walls, with sufficient ventilation. If this is not possible, it is worth covering the manure from precipitation.

Manure is considered to be one of the best natural fertilizers for agricultural plants. It is the best nutrient for plants when regularly using the same patches of soil for reclamation. After all, as you know, many crops tend to deplete the soil, making it less fertile in the future. For example, after growing sunflower or corn, the soil is depleted, it contains much less substances necessary for normal plant growth. And no mineral fertilizers can enrich the soil enough so that a decent crop of other crops can be grown on it.

In particular, this definition applies to the non-chernozem zone. There, the yields of agricultural plants directly depend on the quality / quantity of humus content (decomposed) in the ground. According to the results of studies, when natural organic fertilizers are applied to such soils in the amount of twenty to thirty tons per hectare, they contribute to a significant increase in the yield of cultivated plants (per hundred square meters): grain crops - by 60–70 kilograms, silage and root crops - by 150–200 kilograms. With thoughtful, correct application, manure gives excellent results on almost all types of soil.

Composition of manure

Due to differences in the technology of keeping domestic animals, the following variations of manure are distinguished:

litter
bedless.

Bedding manure is based on bedding particles and solid/liquid pet faeces. Its components, which determine the value as a fertilizer material, depend on the forage base, the type of animals, the quantity / quality of the bedding used and the preservation of manure.

Mainly final product quality depends on the type of farm animals. For example, in pigs, the total amount of urine is twice the amount of solid feces, in cows, on the contrary, the amount of manure is 2.5 times more than urine. In horses, the percentage of liquid waste to solid waste is considered to be 2.5.

Dung manure is different. So organic matter, containing a greater amount of liquid secretions, is a carrier of potassium and nitrogenous fertilizer components, and solid animal feces contain the main mass fraction of phosphorus. But these are average figures. The percentage of minerals in organic fertilizers is significantly influenced by the feed base of farm animals. The more liquid and juicy components in the feed for animals, the more the latter excrete urine.

Also, the quality of manure is influenced by the fact that animals take concentrated feed. With a large percentage of them, there is a significant increase in the percentage of phosphorous and nitrogenous components in manure.

Methods for processing manure into a complete organic fertilizer

Proper processing of waste from farm animals consists of the following steps:

collection,
storage,
if necessary, disposal.

The collection of this valuable organic matter is carried out in large farms in two main ways: mechanical (bulldozer or scraper) and pumping (hydraulic).

The process of storage and direct processing of manure is usually implemented by the so-called loose-dense method.

In this case, animal waste is usually placed freely, creating conditions for a natural increase in temperature due to decomposition. And the semi-rotted manure is then laid more densely, reducing the loss of nitrogen from its composition, for which it is best to use a layer of peat that blocks the access of oxygen to the manure mass. As a result, after 2–3 months, the manure is transformed into humus, which is most favorable for fertilizing agricultural plants.

Such installations have two functions - the production of high-quality organic fertilizer and the production of energy fuel - a gas mixture with a calorific value of twenty to twenty-five MJ / m3.

Thus, livestock processing products can be used not only for fertilizing agricultural land (after pre-treatment), but also as a raw material for the production of biological fuel - a combustible gas mixture used for heating.

Since ancient times, people kept a large farm and knew that manure is a natural fertilizer. Many farmers still cannot imagine growing garden crops without fertilizing the soil. This is good, because the rich composition of manure (many trace elements), getting into the ground, forms a fertile layer. Over time, fresh manure rots and mixes with the soil. There are also unpleasant moments: a pungent smell, an insufficiently balanced composition and inconvenience in work.

Manure can be different, the most common is cow manure. Pork is also used in agriculture, but because of the sharp, acrid smell, it is difficult to deal with. Horse manure is better than cow manure because it contains more nutrients. You should also consider chicken droppings and rabbit. By the way, rabbit manure is a pleasure to work with, as it has a dry consistency and does not smell as sharp as pig manure.

It is worth learning more about how to dispose of cow and pig manure, as farmers get this “good” in abundance.

General information. How to remove manure

Before we find out in what ways you can get rid of a large amount of manure, we first define its types:

This is bedding manure, it is formed by mixing animal bedding (straw), urine and feces.
Clean or litter-free manure is a natural fertilizer in its pure form without impurities.

When choosing ways to clean manure from a site where pigs and cows live, you need to follow the basic rule - remove waste as carefully as possible and preferably without adding liquid.

Manure cleaning systems:

mechanically using small conveyors, chains and scrapers. The manure collection mechanism is as follows: special spatulas (scrapers) are located at the same distance from each other and are fixed on strong chains. As soon as the mechanism is activated, the scrapers collect the manure and transfer it to the container. This method of manure removal is more suitable for large and small farms;
hydraulic flush - along the perimeter of the tray where pigs or cows live, pipes and tanks are installed to collect excrement. As soon as the shed needs to be cleared of manure, the toggle switch is turned on, and water under strong pressure washes away the manure. When mixed with water, it becomes liquid and flows into tanks. There, the manure is settled, cleaned with special components, and then used as a natural fertilizer. Such a system is considered very costly, since it will take a lot of water and the installation of a powerful pump;
gravity method - the most common among many farmers, where the number of livestock does not exceed 10 units. The manure mass, accumulating, gradually moves towards the edges of the barn along the slurry. This manure also needs to be removed, and manually. The manure is put with shovels on the cart and taken out to the manure heap. The method is low-cost, but inefficient, besides, it is only suitable for manure, if bedding is not used in the barn.

What can be done with pig manure?

If you decide to have several pigs, be prepared for the fact that in six months the farm will expand and you will have to pay more attention to clearing the barn from manure. By itself, pig dung is very caustic, but just as nutritious as cow dung. Natural fertilizer is used on any soil, but only with pre-treatment. It is desirable to neutralize manure in order to reduce acidity. To do this, 7 kg of superphosphate is taken per 20 kg of manure, the components are mixed and in order to make the manure looser, you need to add a little horse manure. If there are no superphosphates, then this substance can be replaced with ordinary lime, it is only enough to add 5 kg of lime and 5 kg of horse manure per 20 kg of manure. Just be prepared for the fact that the value of such fertilizer is slightly reduced.

When is the best time to apply manure? Only in spring, during digging, carefully spreading over the surface of the soil. If you do not know the acidity of the soil, then you need to mix pig manure with horse manure. This mixture is suitable for any type of soil. If you add sawdust or straw to manure, then this fertilizer is suitable for loamy soil. Application rates may differ and depend on crops and soil quality, the average fertilizer application rate is 2 buckets per 1 m 2.

About manure storage methods

Since manure (whether pig, horse or cow) is a valuable organic fertilizer, it cannot be applied fresh to the soil so as not to destroy garden crops and plants. Therefore, you need to put manure in storage. The minimum period is from 2 months, the maximum is up to 12. After six months, disinfected manure can be used to fertilize the site.

In a cold way, when livestock waste is stacked in small piles (size 2 by 2 m, height - up to 5 m). Gradually, during storage, manure gets rid of excess oxygen and the vital activity of bacteria is paralyzed.
In an anaerobic way, when the manure is piled up without compaction and they wait until the temperature inside the manure heap reaches +70 ° C, then the old manure layer is crushed and a fresh batch is added. Each time the heap "grows" more and more, the maximum height of the manure heap is 2 m.
Biothermal disinfection is the most effective way to get rid of harmful microorganisms and bacteria. To store manure, you need to prepare a pit (half a meter deep, 2 m wide, the length can be different). The walls and bottom of the pit must be strengthened by smearing with liquid clay, put a layer of manure (recycled waste), in the middle - a fresh layer of manure, cover with earth or straw from above. As a result of the operation, a high temperature will rise in the manure heap and all bacteria and microorganisms will die.

There is another way to store manure for the purpose of disinfection - in storage, it is more suitable for large and small farms. Manure stores are located at a distance of 50 m from the farm, being carefully kept clean so that manure is not scattered around the site, as animals, as well as people, can become infected.

If everything is done correctly, then in a few months from fresh manure you will get a useful substance for the soil - humus. If this does not suit you, then it is worth considering the next option - the disposal of manure.

Manure disposal rules

Manure processing by composting is one of the most convenient methods of disposal of animal excrement. To create a compost heap, liquid manure with bedding (moisture up to 70%) or solid manure after separation (moisture above 75%) is used. To put manure in a compost heap, the liquid substance is shifted with a layer of chopped straw, peat or tree foliage. Turn the mixture over with a fork to mix well. In large farms, this part of the work is done by machines - excavators or bulldozers. The mass is folded on pre-prepared sites or formed into separate blocks (piles). It is important to maintain the level of humidity in the substance - a maximum of 75%, if the humidity is higher, then biothermal disinfection of manure will not occur.

When fresh manure is mixed with straw or peat, the temperature of the mass gradually rises and reaches +65 ° C. At this temperature, most pathogenic microbes (as well as helminths and their eggs) will die, and useful properties are not lost.

An interesting way to dispose of pig manure (and not only) is vermicomposting. This is the processing of the substance along with the worms. It turns out not only natural fertilizer, the soil will constantly receive maximum nutrition. As a result of mixing worms with manure (rotted or fresh after composting), the worms get into the ground and continue to lead an active lifestyle, processing the soil.

For farmers in central Russia, it can be recommended to process manure along with a Californian worm, but just before adding worms, you need to add bone meal, lime (just remember to extinguish it before applying) or wood ash to the manure to lower the acidity to 8 pH.

Recently, this method of manure disposal has become popular, since there is no need to use chemical fertilizers, there is no risk of oversaturating the soil and getting a rich harvest, but with nitrates. Organic fertilizer - manure, will improve and renew the fertility of the soil.

Utilization of manure of cattle (cattle) by introducing bacteria. This is a modern way of waste disposal, with which you can achieve excellent results. In the manure heap, certain conditions are created for the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms. The method is suitable not only for cattle manure, but also for pig manure and bird droppings, and for different collection methods.

During hydrowashing and processing in piles, the mass is first defended so that the liquid separates and a hard crust appears on the surface. Here the sediment that has fallen to the bottom is very difficult to remove, just the bacteria prevent the formation of a solid sediment and keep the manure in its original form, retaining nitrogen, as a useful microelement for soil fertilization.

In containers or heaps, manure is mixed with straw and other organic matter, beneficial microorganisms are introduced that help to dispose of manure, depriving it of odor.

Pelleting is one of the best ways to dispose of manure and bird droppings. As a result of processing, granules of the same size are obtained. This is an organic fertilizer with a full range of useful substances (micro and macro elements). Such granules are used for growing any plants and all types of soils. Pellets processed from manure quickly dissolve in water and do not overload the soil.

Benefits of granulated manure:

in the finished product there are no weed seeds, eggs and larvae of harmful microorganisms;
have all the necessary minerals;
the finished product is not compressed during storage, does not ignite;
unlimited shelf life;
considered an environmentally friendly product;
non-toxic;
when applied to the soil, it increases the yield by 35%;
reduces the ripening period of garden crops by 2 weeks;
increases the resistance of plants to diseases.

The technological process of creating granules or litter disposal: raw materials are crushed, dried and pressed. To dry the raw materials, the granules are placed in an aerodynamic dryer, and then crushed in another machine to get the finished raw material. The powder is then processed and compressed under high pressure and temperature in a granulator. Hot pellets come out of the machine. After cooling, they can be used for their intended purpose.

Processing manure with hot air. An interesting method, good raw material is obtained, but the total mass of manure is reduced by 20%. The result is a lightweight, easy-to-carry weight. There are also disadvantages, in order to dry a ton of raw materials, it is necessary to spend almost the same amount of gasoline. So here you need to think about what is better.

Manure processing is a necessity that can be turned into a useful and cost-effective activity.