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What do cat mushrooms look like? Fungal diseases in cats and cats. Folk methods of treatment

Fungus in cats is the general name for a group of diseases caused by various pathogens of a fungal nature. Most fungal bacteria are permanent residents of the cat's body and environment. But they become active only if favorable conditions are created for their reproduction. A moist and warm environment is the best option for the development of a fungal infection, so it often affects animals with open, weeping wounds. The state of the immune system also plays an important role. If the cat's immunity is weakened, it means that it will not be able to resist the infection.

Symptoms of fungus in cats

If you notice that your pet:

  • became aggressive
  • constantly scratching the skin
  • licks or bites paws,

This is already cause for concern. And if on examination you see redness, combed sores or scratches, weeping crusts on the paw pads or discoloration of the nails, your pet needs to be urgently taken to the veterinarian.

Types of fungal infections and photos


In the feline family, in fact, there are many infections caused by fungi. The most common of these are microsporia and ringworm. All mycoses are divided, according to the place of localization in the body of the animal, into:

Surface

  1. microsporia- excited by some of the most resistant fungi: Microsporum canis and M.gypseum. Their ability to persist in the external environment reaches several years. Clinically, the disease does not manifest itself. A visual examination reveals rounded scaly spots covered with a pink crust; no hair grows in place of the spot. Most often it affects the paws, the tip of the tail, the muzzle at the base of the ears. Animals get infected from each other. Sometimes a person can become a source of infection.
  2. - looks like microsporia, but the spots are grayish and weeping. Caused by the fungus Trychophyton mentagrophytes. Places of localization are usually the head and neck of the animal. The pathogen is carried by rodents. With trichophytosis, cats experience very severe itching.
  3. Candidiasis. The disease is caused by Candida yeast. It develops after a long course of antibiotics, with the suppression of the normal microflora of the body and as a result of various infectious diseases. A characteristic feature is the presence of white with reddish edges of skin ulcers that are flaky. It is localized on the ears and oral mucosa, sometimes on the prepuce.
  4. Malassezia- caused by a yeast fungus that is constantly present in the body. Becomes active in diseases of the ears. It can also be found in the anus, vagina and rectum of the animal. It can occur as an independent disease, but in most cases it accompanies otitis media and dermatitis.

Systemic

Subcutaneous

Sporotrichosis is a disease characterized by nodular lesions of the skin and internal organs. Infection occurs by contact, airborne and alimentary (with food) ways. It is localized on the paws, muzzle and tip of the tail, in places of wounds and abrasions. The spores of the fungus live in the soil. Most often stray cats are infected.

Risk group

Fungal diseases most often affect old animals and small kittens, as well as pregnant cats; immunocompromised animals; having a pedigree or hereditary predisposition to diseases; free-roaming and stray cats.

Diagnosis and treatment

If you suspect your cat has a fungal disease, contact your veterinarian immediately. Based on a visual examination and additional laboratory tests, an accurate diagnosis will be made and treatment will be prescribed.

Wood's lamp refers to one of the examination methods.

The main methods of laboratory diagnostics include:

  1. Fluorescent (Wood's lamp)
  2. Sowing on nutrient media
  3. scraping
  4. Serological studies
  5. Radiography
  6. Biopsy
  7. Tissue microscopy

After the diagnosis is made, antifungal drugs are prescribed:

  • Amphotericin is an antibiotic used in the form of an ointment and solution for candidiasis, cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis.
  • Ketoconazole (tablets) is used to treat cryptococcosis.
  • with systemic mycoses.
  • Clotrimazole (ointment) - for candidiasis.
  • Potassium iodide - used as a solution for antiseptic treatment of lesions.

Some cat owners prefer traditional treatment. In the early stages, they can be quite effective.

  • Ointment of fish oil and honey. Mix the ingredients until the density of sour cream and treat the affected areas 3-4 r / day.
  • Protein mass with tar. An effective remedy for ringworm.
  • Apple cider vinegar is mixed in equal parts with olive oil. Before use, it is recommended to warm up and wipe the foci 4 times a day.

Prevention

Antifungal prophylaxis is not that difficult. You need to keep your pet's living area neat and tidy. Do not get carried away with frequent washing and cleaning the ears of cats. This allows fungal spores to freely enter the pet's body.

Important! Constant use of pet shampoos can strip your cat of the protective lubricating layer on the surface of the skin.

Avoid injury to the skin. Any wound and crack is a breeding ground for the reproduction of the fungus.

Feeding cats and cats with a fungal disease

The diet of a sick cat should not contain food from your table. It is also necessary to exclude raw meat, eggs and fish, flour products.

Attention! In no case should you feed a cat with spicy and salty foods, as well as smoked meats.

Many fungal diseases in cats and humans can be common. To avoid infection when caring for a sick animal, it is necessary to follow the rules of hygiene. It is advisable to carry out the inspection with gloves, or disinfect hands with antiseptic alcohol solutions. If this is not possible, be sure to thoroughly wash your hands after each contact with the animal.

Remember! Compliance with the rules of prevention and care for your fluffy pet is a guarantee not only for him, but also for your health. After all, some fungal diseases in cats and humans are the same.

Not everyone knows that there are such mushrooms - chickens. But this is one of the most delicious, tender and delicious varieties of them. In European countries, chickens, or rosites, are valued on a par with real mushrooms. The scientific name is a ringed cap, but in different regions the mushroom bears the names of a bog (marsh) and a Turk. Sometimes rows are called chickens, but in this case we will not talk about them.

Appearance and places of gathering mushrooms of hens

Ringed caps should be collected only by experienced mushroom pickers, who can distinguish them from very similar in appearance, but poisonous cobwebs. The cap of a young mushroom has a rounded shape, ovoid or almost spherical (Fig. 1). Due to its brownish-pink color, it resembles the shell of brown chicken eggs, put on a thick leg. The diameter of a young hat is about 4 cm, as it grows, it can reach 8-10 cm.

Growing up, the mushroom changes the shape of the cap: a bulge appears in the center, giving the chicken a resemblance to a wide cap. The edges of the cap of a young fruiting body, attached to the stem, diverge to the sides and break the film (veil). As a result, approximately in the upper third of the stem of the mushroom, a ring, or skirt, is formed, with jagged edges hanging down. If the weather is dry, then the edges of the cap dry out and crack a little towards the center. The skirt also dries out and becomes hardly noticeable, but the ring on the leg remains and serves as one of the main distinguishing features of the chicken.

If you turn over the plucked mushroom and look under the hat, you can see thin plates of the spore apparatus adhering to the stem. In a young fruiting body, they have a white or yellowish color (Fig. 2). After the cap opens, the plates turn yellow, and when ripe, the spores acquire an ocher (rusty) hue. The spore powder has the same color and leaves rust-like marks on the hands. The color of the plates serves as another sign that makes it possible to distinguish the ringed cap from poisonous counterparts similar to it.

The surface of the mushroom cap has fine wrinkles and is covered with a light bloom resembling flour or pearl pollen. Closer to the edges of the cap, this plaque can form small scales. Unlike fly agarics, which sometimes have a similar shade, these scales are thin and never occur closer to the center of the cap, located exclusively along the edge.

The stem of the mushroom has the shape of a regular cylinder. Its base (lower part) is slightly thickened. The surface of the leg has a silky texture, but above the skirt ring it may look like scaly. Here it is painted in pale yellow.

The part of the stem located below the ring is brighter than the upper part (Fig. 3). A slightly swollen base makes the mushroom look like a fly agaric or. A distinctive feature is the absence of a cover (Volva) around this swelling in chickens.

So, based on the description, we can conclude about the main differences between the edible chicken mushroom and similar toadstools:

  • a rounded or slightly convex hat of a brownish, buffy hue with a powdery light bloom in the center;
  • the absence of any flakes or scales on the entire surface of the cap, they can be found only on the very edge;
  • in an adult mushroom, there is always a ring of a torn-off film-spread, and in a young one, it connects the upper part of the stem and the edge of the cap;
  • at the base of the leg there is no membranous or cobweb cover;
  • in an open mushroom, plates of yellowish or ocher color adhered to the stem are visible.

The dense flesh of the chicken does not change color when cut or broken. The smell is pleasant, mushroom, spicy. The ringed cap tastes like a chicken breast.

We collect chickens (video)

Where do chicken mushrooms grow?

You can meet the ringed cap almost throughout Europe and Asia, in North America and on the Japanese islands. They spread far to the north, even in Lapland and in the Russian tundra, chickens can be collected in birch elfin. Mushrooms also choose mountain coniferous forests for settlement. Mushrooms prefer acidic soils where blueberries and lingonberries grow.

In central Russia, they are most often found in mossy, slightly marshy areas. The prevalence in such places made it possible for people to call them bogmen and bogmen. In Belarus, it is found almost everywhere and enjoys well-deserved love and popularity.

From the beginning of July until the very frosts, chickens appear in light coniferous and mixed forests in small groups. Very often, fruiting bodies are arranged in rings (“witch circles”). In some areas, the mushroom is practically unknown and is considered unsuitable for food, despite the positive characteristics of mushroom pickers who know it.

We collect cockerels and hens (video)

How to cook chicken

Caps are good in any form: they are salted, marinated, fried. Some housewives advise you to boil chickens before frying, but many fry them fresh. If the option with boiling is chosen, then you need to remember that you should not boil the caps for a long time - they will be ready in 5-10 minutes.

An interesting recipe: make a batter from an egg, flour and mayonnaise. Heat vegetable oil in a frying pan, dip the mushroom pieces in batter, fry for 5-7 minutes. After this treatment, the mushrooms acquire the characteristic taste of chicken meat.

For marinating and salting chickens, any recipes are suitable. Before salting, mushrooms need to be boiled. A simple pickling method is as follows: boil the mushrooms for 10 minutes, drain most of the liquid, and add salt, spices and a little vinegar to the rest to taste. Boil for another 5-7 minutes and pour hot into jars. Marinated chicken keeps well in the cellar or refrigerator.

When you first try to collect a ringed cap, it is best to take the advice of experienced mushroom pickers. They can show and explain where the real mushroom is, and where is the toadstool that looks like it. In case of doubt, you should be guided by the basic rule of mushroom pickers: if you are not sure, you should not collect.

A fungus in a cat can also appear, regardless of communication with the outside world, the animal can become infected with it through food or if there are open wounds on the body. Often, pets have reduced immunity, which their owners do not even suspect. The cat may have problems with the intestines, urinary tract and kidneys, respiratory tract. Infection can be both the cause of such diseases and accompany them. Consider the concept of "fungus in cats", you will also find symptoms and treatment in the article.

Symptoms of the fungus

Signs of a fungal infection in cats can manifest themselves in different ways, the symptoms can be both obvious and confirmed only by taking a test. Until the animal is accurately diagnosed, limit its contact with other pets.

If a cat has a fungus, the symptoms may be as follows:

  • combing the affected area longer than usual;
  • fungus in the ears in cats is accompanied by active shaking of the head, while the ears are usually pressed;
  • passive state;
  • refusal of food;
  • cough.

Another disease can have the same symptoms, so you should not ignore them, visit a veterinarian.

In cats, this is a general concept of infection, some symptoms are easy to confuse with another disease, so seek help from a veterinarian.

The pet will take blood, urine, feces tests, conduct a complete diagnosis and prescribe treatment, depending on the severity of the fungal infection.

Risk group

An absolutely healthy cat that does not leave the house can also become infected with a fungus. However, there is a certain risk group, which includes:

  • pregnant and lactating cats;
  • an animal that has recently suffered diseases of various organs;
  • cats that periodically live outside the apartment;
  • pets who regularly eat raw food;
  • immunocompromised animals;
  • purebred cats.

Types of fungal infections

Consider the most common forms of fungus:

  1. Histoplasmosis is a fungus that is transmitted through the air, i.e. by inhalation. The infection affects the respiratory tract, lungs, from there, through the blood vessels, the fungus spreads throughout the body and affects the intestines, spleen and liver. Signs of damage can be: loss of appetite and a sharp decrease in body weight, apathy, cough, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding. The disease must be treated at an early stage, otherwise antifungal drugs will have to be used for a very long time. Also, during the period, it is necessary to give as much clean water as possible to drink, because if you refuse to feed, dehydration may occur, which will aggravate the situation.
  2. Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection that cats catch by inhaling spores of contaminated air. This type of fungus was found in bird droppings, as well as in the soil. It affects the nasal cavity, scalp, eyes. The disease is easily distinguished among others by signs: bleeding from the nose, the presence of swelling in the region of the nose, the formation of seals in the nasal cavity, the presence of nodules under the skin filled with watery or purulent fluid, frequent sneezing. If the central nervous system is affected by the fungus, the cat experiences convulsions, partial paralysis, and blindness. If the disease has become severe or the owner delayed the moment of treatment, the cat can be operated on to remove seals from the nasal cavity and subcutaneous nodules. Along with this, antifungal therapy is prescribed in parallel.
  3. Rhinosporidiosis is a fungus in cats that has similar symptoms and treatment to cryptococcosis, but is slightly more easily tolerated by cats. The skin and nasal passages are affected by the formation of ulcerative nodules that grow continuously. They are removed only surgically, in the future the cat receives antifungal therapy.
  4. Ear fungus - the most famous infection, often with undertreatment goes into a chronic stage. Ear fungus in a cat is difficult to confuse with any other; by the behavior of the animal, you will understand that it is bothering him. The cat now and then pulls its paw to scratch in the ear, while doing this with caution, because it experiences pain due to the formation of crusts and subcutaneous blisters filled with pus. Also signs are head shaking and sulfur can be abundantly released from the ears, it must be carefully removed without penetrating deep into the ear canal. Immediately show the pet to the doctor, in addition to symptomatic therapy, he will most likely prescribe immunomodulatory drugs. Unfortunately, the fungus can penetrate the middle ear, and this is fraught with inflammation of the brain and death.
  5. Mycetoma is a disease that affects the subcutaneous tissues and the skin itself, in severe cases it affects the bones of the animal. The fungus looks like granules or grains spreading throughout the body of the animal. Basically, such granules are located on the limbs of the paws; new formations can grow and appear.
  6. Candidiasis is a fungus that affects the oral mucosa and skin. It is a white coating or wounds covered with white scales. Occurs with long-term treatment of a cat with antibiotics, infectious diseases of the intestines, lungs, bladder.
  7. Mycosis is a fungal infection that is most susceptible to immunocompromised cats. Pathogenic microorganisms are in the air, water, settle on the grass, as well as the owner's clothes. Symptoms are manifested in the form of reddening of the skin, spots are formed on the abdomen, genitals, ears. The cat begins to actively lose hair, dandruff appears.

According to the above description, you can recognize the fungus in cats, photos of an infected animal will help determine the disease at least approximately.

fungus treatment

So, you found a fungus in a cat, how to treat it? Therapy must be carried out immediately. Doing it yourself is not recommended, take the animal to the nearest veterinary clinic. The doctor will examine the cat, take a smear of the affected area of ​​​​the body. It happens that the result of the analysis has to wait several days. In this case, symptomatic treatment is prescribed, instructions are given for caring for the pet.

Sometimes the treatment is quite difficult, the cat will need to be brought in for droppers and injections.

Varieties of antifungal drugs

Each type of fungus is treated with a specific drug in compliance with the regimen and dosage. Consider the means used to treat the fungus:

  1. "Ketoconazole" - an antimicrobial drug in the form of tablets, is prescribed for the treatment of cryptococcosis.
  2. "Amphotericin" - a means of a group of antibiotics, is available in the form of an ointment and powder for preparing a solution. It is used to treat candidiasis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis.
  3. "Clotrimazole" is an antifungal ointment for topical use, applied to the affected areas of the animal's body. Used as a therapy for candidiasis.
  4. "Potassium iodide" - acts as an antiseptic and antifungal agent. Sold in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution.
  5. "Amoxicillin" is an antibiotic used in cases of damage to internal organs: kidneys, liver, lungs.

When treating at home, make sure that the cat does not scratch or lick the ointment at the affected area.

Folk methods of treatment

Since a person is accustomed to experiencing folk methods of treatment during various infectious and fungal diseases, he tries to do the same with an animal.

By studying the reviews, you can find recipes using herbal decoctions, hydrogen peroxide, ointments based on natural ingredients. Perhaps some of the recipes worked well, but most likely, this happened at the initial stage of infection of the cat with a fungus, or the owner only managed to muffle the symptoms of the disease.

Treatment of the fungus without contacting a specialist

In addition to traditional methods of treatment, people find information on their own or simply go to the nearest veterinary pharmacy for medicine, buying it on the advice of a pharmacist. You should not do this, you will start the situation with the fungus in the pet even more by prescribing the wrong drugs to him, in the future this will lead to death.

Caring for a cat during an illness

During the period of treatment, it is allowed to treat her bed with antifungal drugs. Do not allow the animal to be with children, it is not recommended to take it with you to bed at night. Although many sources say that pet infections are not transmitted to humans, you still need to be careful. But do not forget to cheer up your pet in every possible way, talk to him, let's understand that everyone still loves him and takes care of him.

Prevention of fungal infections in cats

In order to protect your pet from fungal infections, you need to follow simple rules for caring for him. Change the water in the bowl as often as possible, do not leave food in the open air, this will prevent microbes that enter through the windows in the apartment from settling on food.

Many owners prefer to bathe cats, as well as comb them for a long time with a special brush. Cats may love water themselves, but be careful when using shampoo when bathing a cat, you risk leaving it without a natural protective layer, that barrier and lubrication that is always present on the skin. The same applies to frequent combing, in the process you can injure the surface of the cat's skin. Even subtle skin lesions can lead to accidental infection.

Ear fungus in cats can be prevented by infrequent cleaning of the ears. The more often and more intensely you try to rid your pet of earwax using cotton swabs, the more you remove the protective layer that does not allow harmful microorganisms to enter the ear canals.

Check with your veterinarian about vaccinations against re-infection with the fungus. You may have to do several injections at regular intervals.

during illness

Particular attention should be paid to the cat's diet. It is strictly not recommended to feed the animal with the following products:

  • meat and fish, not subjected to heat treatment;
  • raw eggs;
  • flour products;
  • smoked, fried, spicy, salty foods;
  • food from the table of people.

Purchase special food with the addition of vitamins and trace elements at the pet store. Food can be bought both dry and in the form of canned food.

Personal hygiene when caring for a sick animal

It should be remembered that when caring for a sick pet, you need to observe personal hygiene, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after each contact, and it is better to use disposable gloves, they can be found in any pharmacy.

Mushrooms are a separate kingdom of living organisms, among which there are very tiny (like yeast or mold), and giants, and champignons that are familiar to us. Scientists have data on more than five million species of mushrooms, and the list is constantly growing. Of course, among these countless varieties come across very entertaining, frightening or funny. From the brains and "bleeding mushrooms" Gidnellum Peck, to the classic fly agaric. Welcome to an excursion to the world of the wonderful world of mushrooms.

milky blue

Bright indigo color on mushroom plates

Also called Indigo Lactarius and Blue Milk Mushroom. A relative of our russula. It is widely distributed in the tropical forests of Central America, the southern part of the United States and in East Asia (during the rainy season). Remarkable for its rich blue color, this mushroom has a pleasant aroma and a sweet-spicy taste. It occupies an important place in the national cuisine of several countries.
Hericium erinaceus


"Lion's Mane" in all its glory

Also known as "Satyr's Beard" and "Lion's Mane" (received such names because of the structure, which looks like a lush hairline). It is well known to the inhabitants of North America, continental Europe, and also China. The hedgehog prefers rotting trunks of deciduous trees, but can easily get along with a living tree, with which it coexists in symbiosis. Although it looks a little strange, it can be eaten. As gourmets say, its taste is reminiscent of shellfish and other seafood.
lobster mushroom


Chanterelle stricken with lobster mushroom


The most famous mushroom

Perhaps the most famous mushroom on the planet. It has a mystical aura due to its hallucinogenic properties - a decoction of its fruiting bodies was used by the shamans of North America, and the ancient Greek oracles, and the legendary Viking berserkers. By their own fault, by the way, Alice's journey to Wonderland happened. According to the classification, it is considered poisonous, it is not recommended to eat it raw, but it loses its harmful properties after heat treatment (still do not try to do this).
Unusual Brainstorm


A strange mushroom that needs to be approached wisely

This species can be found in almost any North American or European coniferous forest. Scientists attribute it to poisonous mushrooms, but in many cuisines it occupies a worthy place. In order for the brain to become suitable for eating, it must be boiled or pickled. The mushroom got its name because of the brown hat, shaped like a human brain.
The most original name in the world - Bleeding tooth


Mushroom, as if out of the pages of Lovecraft's books

This name Gidnellum Peka received for his frightening appearance. It lives in North America and continental Europe (although it has recently been discovered in Iran and Korea). Gidnellum is inedible (but it is not considered poisonous). Through its pores, a jelly-like viscous liquid constantly oozes, resembling blood in appearance. The pigments contained in it are used in the textile industry for dyeing fabrics.
Golovach giant


The healthy man of the world of mushrooms,

This mushroom is one of the largest representatives of the kingdom in the world in terms of the size of the fruiting body. Its favorite habitat is the water meadows of North America and Europe in summer and autumn. In diameter, the golovach can reach 15 cm and weigh up to 22 kg. In addition, this mushroom is edible, so it has become an ideal target for mushroom pickers.
golden jelly


"Witch's oil" on a branch of an aspen

Also known as "Yellow Brain" or "Witch Oil". Its golden color serves as a good guide for travelers in the winter deciduous forest of temperate latitudes. Golden jelly loves moisture, so in dry weather it shrinks in size, becoming almost invisible. Each "leaf" reaches a diameter of 3 to 8 cm.
Devil's cigar


"Cigar" after being shot with spores

Another name is "Texas Star". Found only in Texas and Japan. This type of mushroom is extremely rare and has long been considered a fiction for campfire stories. Before throwing out the spores, it looks like a cigar-shaped object, after - like a rusty-brown star. When the spores leave the fruiting body, a fairly loud whistle can be heard.
Trameta multicolored


One of the most famous inedible types of mushrooms, the name of which you did not know

You could see this mushroom more than once, in the USA it is called "Turkey Tail". His favorite food is rotting tree trunks and stumps. There are a lot of color options, but brown, pale orange and gray prevail. It cannot be classified as edible due to the fact that it does not have a fleshy body at all and in texture it resembles pencil shavings. Nevertheless, trameta can be useful in medicine, its pharmacological properties are now being actively studied.
blue mushroom


A mushroom that fits more fantasy than the real world

It grows only in New Zealand and India in mixed deciduous-coniferous forests. The blue mushroom is known for its rich and vibrant blue coloration. The diameter of his hat does not exceed 4 cm).
Mycena Chlorophos


Mycenae at night

This type of mushroom was discovered and described in detail back in 1860. Its home is the tropical forests of Asia, Australia and South America. Mycenae hats in daylight look nondescript gray. At night, the mushroom transforms due to bioluminescence - it emits a pale green glow. The diameter of each mushroom is no more than 3 cm.
Clavaria pale brown


Clavaria looks more like corals than mushrooms

Clavaria is known for its tubular fruiting body of deep purple or violet. It can reach a height of 10 cm. Representatives of this beautiful species can be found in forest humus and in the meadows of many countries of the world on all continents except Antarctica.
Morel edible


Tasty but unsightly mushroom is waiting for its picker

As the name implies, this species can be eaten, although often mushroom pickers deliberately do not notice morels, considering them to be "third-class" mushrooms. Their favorite habitat is conflagrations in the deciduous forests of Europe and North America. Morels grow in April-May.
Rhodotus


Trio "Shriveled Peaches"

Another name is "Shriveled Peach". It was opened in 1785. An extremely rare inedible mushroom has an unusual appearance and in appearance is fully consistent with the popular name. It prefers dead elm trunks in Europe and North America, but can also be found in the subtropics.
Wheel-shaped non-rottor


Dangerous but beautiful representative of the kingdom

Widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. This miniature fungus prefers deciduous hardwood forests, growing in large colonies on stumps and large pieces of wood. The Negniuchnik is known for its amazing ability to regenerate quickly.
common slit leaf


Poisonous mushroom on a rotting tree branch

This type of fungus causes white rot and fungal infections in humans, so you should stay away from it, especially since it is widespread everywhere, except for the polar snows. The scientific name of the fungus is Schizophyllum commune.
Lacquer amethyst


Mushroom for purple lovers

Lakovitsa is known for its beautiful and rich purple color. This mushroom is edible and gourmets love to use it to decorate dishes. It grows in the central regions of Europe from August to November.
Panus auricularis


Foreign relative of our waves

Mushrooms of this species can be distinguished by a matte and rough hat and a pleasant purple color. In taste and appearance, it is closest to the waves. Distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
Lattice red