How are grades assigned for the Unified State Exam. Primary and test (secondary) Unified State Exam scores: what is the difference? What is a test score on the Unified State Exam?
Modern exams are assessed not on a five-point, but on a hundred-point system. This means that we don’t have to talk about the usual grades: twos, threes, fours, fives. An exam is considered to have been failed if the threshold set for that exam is not passed. Moreover, for each object this boundary is different. You can get an acceptable final score, but fail the exam, losing the opportunity to enter a higher educational institution.
What are the primary USE scores?
Each exam has its own structure. The Unified State Exam in different subjects differs in the total number of tasks, the format of the test part, and the complexity of tasks with a detailed answer. Assignments may be worth different amounts of points. This also applies to test tasks of various types: for the simplest ones you can get one point, for the most difficult ones - up to four or five points. We are talking about primary points.
Primary scores are the scores used to evaluate the student's answers. If you can get up to two points for correctly completing a task, these are not the two points that, together with others, ultimately add up to one hundred points. The number of primary points is different everywhere and depends only on the structure of the exam, but this figure is always less than one hundred. By the way, the Unified State Exam in foreign languages is an exception - there is no scale for converting scores and other subtleties, which means that the primary score can be considered the final score.
How many primary points are there in the Unified State Exam in Russian?
Test part of the Russian language exam - 33 primary points.
The written part of the Russian language exam - 24 primary points.
The Unified State Examination in Russian language has 57 primary points. Moreover, each point (as in any other exam in the Unified State Exam format) has equal “value”. It doesn’t matter in which part you earned points: this is not taken into account when converting to the hundred-point system.
What are secondary (test) Unified State Examination scores?
It is no coincidence that the website contains a scale for converting scores into the Russian language. With its help, primary points become secondary. And this happens very simply: using a special table, the primary scores are converted into test scores - a hundred-point system. - a document whose requirements must be met. It is not people who do the transfer of points: the required value is calculated by a computer.
Secondary (test) points are points in a hundred-point evaluation system. It is based on them that the fact of passing the exam (passing the threshold) is determined. Based on test scores, applicants are admitted to universities. Secondary points are directly dependent on the primary ones - the more primary points scored, the higher the final result.
How to convert primary points into secondary ones?
As mentioned above, for this you need to use. You can’t do without it: a difference of one primary point can raise or lower the final grade by one or more points. It all depends on the number of primary points scored: in different parts of the table the “price” of a primary point varies.
To receive the maximum score - 100 points - for the Russian language exam, you must complete all tasks without errors. This is the translation scale. But in a math exam, you may not complete all the tasks correctly, but still get the highest grade.
The Unified Exam implements a nationwide knowledge competition. The smartest people get the maximum points and 100 points. To evaluate all other exam participants, theories were built, graphs and distributions were drawn. This is a very fruitful and interesting topic.
This section will cover scaling, the theoretical basis of assessment in the Unified State Exam. All information is presented in an accessible form, and tabular data is taken from official websites. We apologize in advance for the fact that the inserted pictures and materials sometimes contain errors from the original source; we will not correct them, respecting the copyright and other rights of the original sources.
We will pay the greatest attention to practical advice and recommendations. The exam can be passed with a score higher than “an average student with this level of knowledge.” “How to do this?”, “Why will these techniques work?” - you will see this for yourself.
Scaling
When conducting the Unified State Exam, many graduates from different educational institutions participate in the exam. They have completely different levels of training: from Olympiad winners to “C” students. In this regard, the question arises: how to objectively assess and, most importantly, compare the level of their preparedness, since all graduates have equal rights when passing final exams and when entering a university or secondary school?
Scaling is a procedure for converting primary scores into test scores.
It is necessary to understand the difference between the concepts of “primary score” and “test score”.
The primary score is the preliminary USE score, which is obtained by directly summing the number of correct answers, each of which has a certain coefficient. Primary score for different items, usually different. For example, in mathematics it is 30, and in Russian - 64
A test score is the final score that a Unified State Examination participant receives based on the exam results. Maximum test score for to all subjects - 100.
Each completed USE task is assessed with a number of points from 1 to 6. The sum of these points constitutes the primary score of the examination paper.
Here is a table in which you will see how many primary points are awarded and for what tasks:
Next, a correspondence is established between the primary and test scores. The scale for converting primary scores into test scores is constructed using a special technique, taking into account the properties of control measuring materials in subjects.
Obviously, this scale preserves the ordering of individual results, that is, a larger primary score will correspond to a larger test score, and equal primary scores will correspond to equal test scores.
A feature of the translation scale is that the change in test score when the primary score changes depends on total primary points. This change will be slightly larger if the participant received either a small primary score or, conversely, a fairly high one. Moreover, the boundaries of the intervals at which these differences appear are published in advance in the specified methodology. Within the intervals themselves, the change in the test score when the primary one changes will be almost constant (fluctuations of 1 point can only occur due to the fact that the number of test scores in the interval is not a multiple of the number of primary ones).
It is important to remember that the test score is NOT the percentage of tasks completed correctly.
Here is a table of the correspondence between the primary and test scores on the Unified State Exam according to mathematics 2011:
| Primary score | Test score, 2011 | Number of students | ||
| people | % | accumulated % | ||
| 0 | 0 | 2 894 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| 1 | 6 | 7 787 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
| 2 | 12 | 14 052 | 1.9 | 3.3 |
| 3 | 18 | 20 916 | 2.8 | 6.2 |
| 4 | 24 | 29 328 | 4.0 | 10.1 |
| 5 | 30 | 39 723 | 5.4 | 15.5 |
| 6 | 34 | 49 641 | 6.7 | 22.2 |
| 7 | 38 | 56 714 | 7.7 | 29.9 |
| 8 | 41 | 62 099 | 8.4 | 38.3 |
| 9 | 45 | 65 158 | 8.8 | 47.1 |
| 10 | 49 | 66 817 | 9.0 | 56.2 |
| 11 | 52 | 66 308 | 9.0 | 65.2 |
| 12 | 56 | 61 565 | 8.3 | 73.5 |
| 13 | 60 | 50 316 | 6.8 | 80.3 |
| 14 | 63 | 40 441 | 5.5 | 85.8 |
| 15 | 66 | 28 186 | 3.8 | 89.6 |
| 16 | 68 | 20 654 | 2.8 | 92.4 |
| 17 | 70 | 15 812 | 2.1 | 94.5 |
| 18 | 73 | 10 400 | 1.4 | 95.9 |
| 19 | 75 | 8 340 | 1.1 | 97.1 |
| 20 | 77 | 5 638 | 0.8 | 97.8 |
| 21 | 80 | 4 397 | 0.6 | 98.4 |
| 22 | 82 | 3 247 | 0.4 | 98.9 |
| 23 | 84 | 2 462 | 0.3 | 99.2 |
| 24 | 87 | 1 861 | 0.3 | 99.5 |
| 25 | 89 | 1 399 | 0.2 | 99.6 |
| 26 | 91 | 977 | 0.1 | 99.8 |
| 27 | 94 | 737 | 0.1 | 99.9 |
| 28 | 96 | 401 | 0.1 | 99.9 |
| 29 | 98 | 271 | 0.0 | 100.0 |
| 30 | 100 | 205 | 0.0 | 100.0 |
| 738 746 | ||||
This table also shows the number and percentage of students who scored a certain test score.
Calculating USE results is not the easiest procedure. Let's look at how your knowledge is assessed and how scaling, primary and test scores affect this.
The number of primary points varies among different subjects. Each completed USE task is worth 1 or more points. The sum of these points constitutes the primary score of the examination paper. Next, a correspondence is established between the primary and test scores (with the maximum test score always equal to 100).
The scale for converting primary scores into scaled ones depends on the complexity of the tasks and statistical analysis of the Unified State Examination results for all exam participants and is calculated using a special computer program. This scale is not linear.
To make it clearer, let's understand the basic terms.
What is scaling?
What are primary and test scores?
The primary score is the sum of grades for completed assignments. In this case, correctly completed task of part A or B is scored 1 point, part C - up to 4 points.
A test score is a score on a 100-point scale, obtained through special statistical processing of completed forms at the stage of final processing of the results.
Another feature of the conversion scale is that a small change in the primary score at the ends of the scale (that is, with the primary score close to zero or to the maximum value) leads to a significant change in the test score (for example, 1 primary score corresponds to 6 test points in all subjects except foreign languages), while in the middle of the scale a change in the primary score by 1 leads to a change in the test score by 1 or 2.
Why are 60 test points awarded for 63% of completed assignments?
The percentage of correctly completed tasks is the number of correctly (partially correctly) completed tasks in relation to the maximum possible score for the test. The final (test) score is a score given taking into account the difficulty of completing each task, and is determined by a specialized procedure - scaling.
How is the final score determined?
The specification for each subject indicates how many primary points are awarded for each correctly completed CMM task. When processing the examination work, the primary points for correctly completed tasks are summed up. Conversion into test scores is carried out by a special program using an approved scaling methodology.
How many days are examination papers checked?
Checking and processing of Unified State Exam forms in the Russian language and mathematics in the region should be completed no later than 6 days, and for other subjects - 4 days after the corresponding exam.
How many days are exam papers in the Russian language checked?
The regional information processing center must complete the processing of Unified State Exam forms in Russian language and mathematics no later than 6 days after the relevant exam. The timing depends on the size of the subject of the Federation, the presence of remote territories, and the number of participants. Another 2 days of work are checked at the federal level. Thus, information about the results in the Russian language is communicated to the Unified State Exam participants, as a rule, after 8-10 days.
When is the minimum number of points announced?
The minimum number of Unified State Exam points for each general education subject is announced by Rosobrnadzor 6-10 days after the Unified State Exam.
How many points do you need to score in Russian to get a C?
The minimum threshold confirming successful passing of the exam was 40 points in 2008, and 37 points in 2009. In accordance with the current regulatory framework, since 2009, the conversion of Unified State Examination points into a five-point assessment system for marking the certificate has not been carried out.
What if I didn’t get points in Russian or mathematics?
For a graduate to receive a certificate, the results of the Unified State Examination in Russian language and mathematics are important. Every year, during the main period of the Unified State Exam (in May-June), after all Unified State Exam participants have passed the exam in the subject, Rosobrnadzor sets a minimum number of points. If you achieve it, you will receive a certificate. If a graduate does not achieve the required minimum in one subject, then it can be retaken on reserve days (see). If the results are low in both the Russian language and mathematics, the certificate will not be issued. Such a graduate receives a certificate. He can retake the exams and receive a certificate only next year.
When will individual USE results be known?
The timing and procedure for familiarization with the results of the Unified State Exam are determined by the educational authority of the region, and it is established that the results of the Unified State Exam must be communicated to the participants of the Unified State Exam:
- within the main timeframe no later than 3 working days from the date of issuance of the order of Rosobrnadzor on establishing the minimum number of points in the relevant general education subject
- in additional terms - within 3 days after the approval of the protocols of the results of the Unified State Examination by the State Examination Committee.
Where can I find out the results of the Unified State Exam?
A graduate of the current year will learn the results of the Unified State Exam in his school, other Unified State Exam participants - in the PPE or in another way established by the education authority in each region. Information about USE results is provided free of charge!
Are the Unified State Exam scores converted into grades using a 5-point system?
In accordance with the current regulatory framework, since 2009, the conversion of Unified State Examination scores into a five-point assessment system has not been carried out. When conducting the Unified State Exam, a hundred-point assessment system is used. It is envisaged to establish a minimum number of Unified State Examination points (minimum threshold) for each general education subject, confirming that the graduate has mastered the basic programs of secondary (complete) general education.
What is the maximum number of points?
Unified State Examination results are assessed using a 100-point system. The maximum number of points for each subject is 100.
Will the Unified State Exam results be posted on the Internet?
The publication of Unified State Exam results at the federal level was tested during the experiment. Now, according to current regulatory legal documents, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are responsible for informing Unified State Examination participants about the results. In some regions, a decision has been made to post the results of the Unified State Examination on the Internet. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, such a decision has not yet been made.
We will be told the number of points we have received, but how can we look at our work?
You can view your work when considering an appeal about disagreement with the awarded points. The conflict commission requests from the RCIO printed images of the examination work of the graduate who filed the appeal, which are then presented to the Unified State Examination participant. Examination papers completed by Unified State Exam participants are stored in the regional information processing center (RTSC).
What does it mean to “receive information about the results of the Unified State Exam”?
This means finding out the scores you received on the exam. Local government bodies of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation are responsible for notifying Unified State Examination participants about the exam results. The communication scheme should be communicated to participants in advance. A graduate of the current year will learn the results of the Unified State Exam in his school, other Unified State Exam participants - in the PPE or in another way established by the education authority in each region. As a rule, this happens within 6-10 days after passing the exam.
When preparing the article, materials from the official Unified State Examination information portal were used.
To objectively assess the level of work performed by each USE participant, in comparison with other exam participants, a special technique for scaling USE results is used.
It was developed by leading domestic experts in the field of pedagogical measurements based on recognized international testological models.
What is the essence of the scaling procedure?
When conducting the Unified State Exam, many graduates from different educational institutions participate in the exam. They have different levels of training and perform various types of control and measuring materials (CMM). In this regard, the question arises: how to objectively assess and, most importantly, compare the level of their preparedness, since all graduates have equal rights when passing final exams and when entering a university or college?
In the list of Unified State Exam terms, there are the concepts of “primary score” and “test score”.
Primary score is the preliminary Unified State Exam score, which is obtained by directly summing the number of correct answers, each of which has a certain coefficient. Each completed Unified State Examination task is assessed by a number of points from 1 to 6. The maximum number of primary points for all KIM assignments in different subjects ranges from 37 to 80. Primary Unified State Examination scores are converted into test scores using a scaling technique.
Test scores— final scores based on the Unified State Examination results, which are assigned on a 100-point scale as a result of a scaling procedure that takes into account all statistical materials obtained as part of the Unified State Examination of a given year. Test scores are different from raw scores.
Scaling- this is the procedure for converting primary scores into test scores, the process of forming rules for assigning test scores based on the results of examinations based on statistical data.
The methodology for scaling Unified State Examination results, used in 2012, implements a step-by-step establishment of correspondence between test and primary scores for each general education subject in which the Unified State Examination is conducted.
Stage I
First, in the range of primary scores from zero to the maximum primary score PBmax for each general education subject of the Unified State Exam, two values of primary scores are selected: PB1 and PB2, separating groups of participants with different levels of training in this subject.
The value of PB1 is selected as the lowest primary score, the receipt of which indicates that the exam participant has mastered the basic concepts and methods in the relevant general education subject. It is determined on the basis of an examination of a demonstration version of a given general education subject by specialists in general education, colleges and universities of various profiles from different regions of the Russian Federation. The examination is carried out taking into account the level of complexity of each task and the significance of the content, ability, skill, and method of activity being tested in the context of a general education subject. At the same time, the requirements for the PB1 value correspond to the requirements that were used to determine the PB1 of the previous year (to ensure equivalence of the scales of two years).
The value of PB2 is determined by the professional community as the lowest primary score, the receipt of which indicates a high level of preparation of the exam participant, namely, the presence of systemic knowledge, mastery of complex skills, and the ability to perform creative tasks in the relevant general education subject.
If the specification of the exam version has not changed compared to last year, then PB1 and PB2 also remain unchanged. If the structure of the examination work or the complexity of the tasks of control measuring materials has changed, then new values of PB1 and PB2 are established taking into account the existing changes.
Stage II
The primary scores PB1 and PB2 are matched with the test scores TB1 and TB2 for each general education subject.
For mathematics and the Russian language (obligatory subjects for passing the Unified State Exam), the minimum test scores of the Unified State Exam 2012 established by the orders of Rosobrnadzor are selected as TB1 values: mathematics - 24, Russian language - 36. These values coincide with the minimum Unified State Exam scores of 2011 in mathematics and the Russian language, respectively.
Test scores TB2 for the Russian language and mathematics, as well as test scores TB1 and TB2 for other general education subjects (elective subjects) are set equal to the same scores in 2011. Table 1 presents the values of PB1 and PB2, TB1 and TB2 for 2012.
It must be emphasized that the minimum test scores indicating mastery of a school course in elective subjects are established by Rosobrnadzor after conducting the main exam and obtaining statistical data on the 2012 Unified State Exam variants used and in some subjects may not coincide with TB1.
Table 1. Values of boundary primary and test scores in 2012
| Item | PB1 | TB1 | PB2 | TB2 |
| Russian language | 17 | 36 | 54 | 73 |
| Mathematics | 5 | 24 | 15 | 63 |
| Social science | 15 | 39 | 48 | 72 |
| Story | 13 | 32 | 46 | 72 |
| Physics | 12 | 39 | 33 | 62 |
| Chemistry | 14 | 36 | 58 | 80 |
| Biology | 17 | 36 | 60 | 79 |
| Geography | 14 | 37 | 44 | 69 |
| Computer science | 8 | 40 | 35 | 84 |
| Foreign languages | 16 | 20 | 65 | 82 |
| Literature | 8 | 32 | 36 | 73 |
Stage III
For each general education subject, the correspondence between the primary score and the test score is determined based on the following procedure. The primary score of 0 is assigned to a test score of 0, and the maximum primary score of PBmax is assigned to a test score of 100. All intermediate primary scores between 0, PB1, PB2 and PBmax are converted to test scores, proportionally distributed between the corresponding test point values: 0, TB1, TB2 and 100. Figure 1 shows the resulting dependence.
Rice. 1. Correspondence between test and primary scores
If intermediate primary scores correspond to fractional test scores, then the test score is rounded to the nearest larger integer.
This procedure makes it possible to coordinate test scores of equally trained participants in 2011 and 2012. and ensures comparative comparability of exam results across years.
TRANSLATION OF PRIMARY SCORES INTO TEST SCORES (SCALING)
Primary points
– these are points before conversion to a 100-point scale (for example, one completed task in Part A is assessed as 1 initial point).
Test scores- This final points after conversion to a 100-point scale, which will be indicated on your Unified State Examination certificate. Without a table it is impossible to recognize them.
In the table
zones with scores below the minimum are highlighted.
This scale is relevant for 2012-2013. The only exceptions for 2013 are history and geography due to the fact that the maximum primary score was reduced by one (but the change is small, so the scale will not undergo significant changes).
Analyzing the above scale, we can trace some trends, which will also help when choosing subjects to take the Unified State Exam:
●
scoring 90-100 points is the hardest thing in Russian and literature, every point is very valuable;
●
on delivery foreign languages And computer science you can score a fairly large number of points while making a moderate number of mistakes;
●
the easiest way to get minimum scores is also by foreign languages And computer science, as well as by literature.
Converting the primary score to a test score (scaling)
To objectively assess the level of work performed by each USE participant, in comparison with other exam participants, a special technique for scaling USE results is used. It was developed by leading domestic experts in the field of pedagogical measurements based on recognized international testological models.
What is the essence of the scaling procedure?
When conducting the Unified State Exam, many graduates from different educational institutions participate in the exam. They have different levels of training and perform a variety of CMM options. In this regard, the question arises: how to objectively assess and, most importantly, compare the level of their preparedness, since all graduates have equal rights when passing final exams and when entering a university or college?
In the list of Unified State Exam terms there are concepts "primary score" And "test score" .
Scaling is a translation procedure primary points in test, the process of forming rules for assigning test points based on the results of examinations based on statistical data.
The methodology for scaling Unified State Examination results, used in 2012, implements a step-by-step establishment of correspondence between test and primary scores for each general education subject in which the Unified State Examination is conducted.
Stage I
First, in the range of primary scores from zero to the maximum primary score PBmax for each general education subject of the Unified State Exam, two values of primary scores are selected: PB1 and PB2, separating groups of participants with different levels of training in this subject.
The value of PB1 is selected as the lowest primary score, the receipt of which indicates that the exam participant has mastered the basic concepts and methods in the relevant general education subject. It is determined on the basis of an examination of a demonstration version of a given general education subject by specialists in general education, colleges and universities of various profiles from different regions of the Russian Federation. The examination is carried out taking into account the level of complexity of each task and the significance of the content, ability, skill, and method of activity being tested in the context of a general education subject. At the same time, the requirements for the PB1 value correspond to the requirements that were used to determine the PB1 of the previous year (to ensure equivalence of the scales of two years). The value of PB2 is determined by the professional community as the lowest primary score, the receipt of which indicates a high level of preparation of the exam participant, namely, the presence of systemic knowledge, mastery of complex skills, and the ability to perform creative tasks in the relevant general education subject. If the specification of the exam version has not changed compared to last year, then PB1 and PB2 also remain unchanged. If the structure of the examination work or the complexity of the tasks of control measuring materials has changed, then new values of PB1 and PB2 are established taking into account the existing changes.
Stage II
The primary scores PB1 and PB2 are matched with the test scores TB1 and TB2 for each general education subject.
For mathematics and the Russian language (obligatory subjects for passing the Unified State Exam), the minimum test scores of the Unified State Exam 2012 established by the orders of Rosobrnadzor are selected as TB1 values: mathematics - 24, Russian language - 36. These values coincide with the minimum Unified State Exam scores of 2011 in mathematics and the Russian language, respectively.
Test scores TB2 for the Russian language and mathematics, as well as test scores TB1 and TB2 for other general education subjects (elective subjects) are set equal to the same scores in 2011. Table 1 presents the values of PB1 and PB2, TB1 and TB2 for 2012.
Table 2 Values of boundary primary and test scores in 2012
It must be emphasized that the minimum test scores indicating mastery of a school course in elective subjects are established by Rosobrnadzor after conducting the main exam and obtaining statistical data on the 2012 Unified State Exam variants used and in some subjects may not coincide with TB1.
Stage III
For each general education subject, the correspondence between the primary score and the test score is determined based on the following procedure. Primary
Point 0 is matched to test score 0, and the maximum primary score PBmax is matched to test score 100. All intermediate primary scores between 0, PB1, PB2 and PBmax are converted to test scores, proportionally distributed between the corresponding test point values: 0, TB1, TB2 and 100. Figure 1 shows the resulting dependence.
Rice. 1. Correspondence between test and primary scores
If intermediate primary scores correspond to fractional test scores, then the test score is rounded to the nearest larger integer.
This procedure makes it possible to coordinate test scores of equally trained participants in 2011 and 2012. and ensures comparative comparability of exam results across years.
Formula for converting Unified State Exam points
The scale for converting primary Unified State Exam scores into test scores, given in the table, was obtained based on calculations using the following formula. If you wish, you can calculate it yourself.
where t is the Unified State Exam test score (according to a 100-point system, which goes into the Unified State Exam certificate), θ is the primary score of the person taking the Unified State Exam, θ min is the score corresponding to one primary score θ m ax, – a score corresponding to the primary score, one less than the maximum possible. Rounding is carried out to the nearest whole number according to the rules of mathematics. A zero primary score corresponds to 0 for the Unified State Exam, and the maximum possible primary score corresponds to 100 points for the Unified State Exam.
Table for converting Unified State Exam points into grades
Since 2009 Unified State Exam test scores are not translated into standard school grades using a five-point system. This is done because Unified State Examination scores no longer influence the grade given in certificate, and there is no need to count them. But it is still very difficult to give up the five-point equivalent of Unified State Exam marks. Therefore, we provide tables below that can be used to approximately compare the Unified State Exam scores with the standard school grade.
Does the Unified State Exam affect the school certificate?
The results of the Unified State Exam have no influence on grades in the school certificate for a long time. Points scored on the Unified State Exam, are included separately in the certificate of passing the exam, if the score is higher minimum. If the Unified State Examination score is less than the minimum in compulsory subjects - Russian and mathematics, then neither the Unified State Examination certificate nor the certificate will be issued. If the mark in an optional subject on the Unified State Examination below the minimum score, then this will not be noted anywhere, as if you had never passed this exam.
SUMMARY Primary score – this is a preliminary score Unified State Exam. The primary score is obtained by directly summing the scores for correctly completed tasks. Each correct answer has a certain coefficient. For example, a correctly completed scaling task from the primary score.