Biographies 

What rivers were and are the Perm region. Where did the river names come from? List of the longest rivers in the Perm region

Rivers

Perm holds the record for the number of small rivers among Russian cities

Rivers of the Perm Territory belong to the river basin Kama, the largest left tributary of the Volga. in the Perm region more than 29 thousand rivers with a total length of over 90 thousand kilometers.

Length classification

Chusovaya river Egoshikha - a small river in Perm

Only two rivers in the Perm region are large rivers (that is, they are more than 500 km long). This is actually Kama(1805 km) and its left tributary Chusovaya(592 km).

There are 40 rivers in the Perm Territory with a length of 100 to 500 km. The largest of them:

  • sylva- 493 km.
  • Vishera - 415 km.
  • Colva- 460 km.
  • Yaiva - 403 km.
  • Kosva- 283 km.
  • Spit - 267 km.
  • Veslyana- 266 km.
  • Yinva- 257 km.
  • Obva - 2 47 km.

Small rivers (less than 100 km long) make up the vast majority of the region's rivers. Some of them are of historical importance, for example: the Yegoshikha River , at the mouth of which the city of Perm was founded.

Classification by character

A significant part of the rivers of the Perm Territory are flat. These are the right tributaries of the Kama - Kosa, Urolka, Kondas, Yinva, Obva and others; and part of the left Veslyana, Lupya , Southern Celtma , Tulva, Saigatka . They have a winding channel and a slow current.

The left tributaries of the Kama, originating in the Ural Mountains, in the upper reaches are typical mountain rivers. They are characterized by a fast current with rifts, rapids and waterfalls. On the banks there are outcrops of stones and picturesque rocks (for example, Ermak-Kamen). In the middle and lower reaches, on the plain, these rivers lose their mountain character.

Nutrition

More than 60% of the rivers of the Perm Territory are fed by melt water. Therefore, they are characterized by prolonged freeze-up, high spring floods, and low summer and winter low water. In the north of the region, due to extensive forests and thick snow cover, the flood lasts longer than in the south.

Toponymy

The names of many rivers in the Perm region are of Finno-Ugric (Komi-Permyak) origin. For example, often found in the names of the root wa- water: sylva, Colva, Java , Kosva, Yinva, Obva , Chusovaya(from Komi-Perm. Chus - fast, va - water).

There are also rivers whose names come from Turkic languages. For example, rivers Upper Mulyanka and Lower Mulyanka, whose names come from the Persian word "mulla". Researchers attribute this to the Tatar prince Mametkul, who settled in this area before or during the reign of Ivan the Terrible and was an imam or mullah. The name of the river Kultaevka is associated with the nearby village of Kultaevo, founded by the Tatar Murza Kultai Shigirev at the beginning of the 17th century.

Small rivers of Perm

Egoshikha Danilikha Mulyanka

In addition to the large rivers flowing through the territory of Perm - Kama and Chusovoy, in the city there are a large number of small rivers included in the Kama basin. The largest of them are Vasilievka, Bolshaya Motovilikha, Egoshikha, Mulyanka in the left bank part, Gaiva, Lasva - in the right bank.

The toponymy of the small rivers of Perm is very diverse. Among them there are rivers with names of Komi-Permyak (for example: Egoshikha, Gaiva), Russian (Kamenka, Ivanovka, Danilikha and others) and Tatar (Mulyanka, Kultaevka) origin.

Flowing through the territory of the city, these rivers experience a strong anthropogenic impact that affects their ecological state. The quality of water in them deteriorates when moving from the upper to the lower reaches. According to the chemical composition, it varies from class 1 to class 3. The worst water quality is in the lower reaches of the Yegoshikha and Danilikha rivers. The water there is not suitable for drinking.


The water quality of the rivers crossing the territory of the city of Perm deteriorates from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. This is due to the fact that the places of wastewater discharge are located in the middle reaches and upper reaches of the tributaries of the river. Kamy (R. Mulyanka - CHPP-9; R. Egoshikha - "Permvodokanal"; OJSC "Velta"; etc.) or directly in the river. Kame.

List of small rivers of Perm


Baikal Breaking Balmoshnaya Bolshaya Motovilikha
Styx Svetlushka Mulyanka Kamenka
Vasilievka pavement Willow Egoshikha Medvedka Permyanka mos Kultaevka
gaiva language Talazhanka Ivanovka Danilikha Garushka Robin Wad

Swamps of the Perm Territory


In the Perm region there are about 1000 swamps, which, together with wetland forests, occupy more than 25,000 km². Widely distributed in the region lowland , and raised bogs .

Marshes in the north of the region are traces of the former continental glaciation. Bogs and peat bogs in river valleys are located in places of their expansion, for example: the mouths of the Kolva and Vishera, the Kama valley in the Chermoz-Sludka, Perm-Nytva sections. Part of the swamps was formed as a result of natural processes in slow-flowing reservoirs. The development of swamps also occurs in some karst funnels, basins and depressions in which atmospheric water stagnates - on the watersheds of Kama and Chusovaya, Sylva and Iren, Kolva and Vishera. The formation of swamps can also occur as a result of human activities: intensive deforestation, the creation of reservoirs, the construction of dams, and the laying of roads.

There are more than 800 swamps with peat deposits in the Perm Territory, which may be of industrial importance. But on many of them, peat extraction is not recommended due to their environmental role and other valuable qualities: berries rich in vitamins grow in the swamps: cranberries, cloudberries, princesses, there are haylands.

The largest swamps are located in the north of the region:

  • Big Kamskoye - 810 km?,
  • Djurich-Nyur - 350 km?,
  • Byzimskoye - 194 km?.

It can be attributed to large rivers (that is, rivers having a length of more than 500 km). This is the largest river of the Kama region (1805 km) and its left tributary Chusovaya (592 km).

Of the 29 thousand, only 40 rivers are medium, that is, they have a length of 100 to 500 km. The largest of them:

  • Sylva - 493 km,
  • Vishera - 415 km,
  • Colva - 460 km,
  • Yaiva - 403 km,
  • Kosva - 283 km,
  • Spit - 267 km,
  • Veslyana - 266 km
  • Inva - 257 km,
  • Obva - 247 km.

More than 60% of the rivers in the Perm Territory are fed by melt water. They can observe prolonged freezing, high spring floods, low summer and winter low water. High water lasts longer in the north of the region, thanks to extensive forests and thick snow cover.

Most of the rivers of the Perm Territory are flat. They have a winding channel and a slow current.

Originating in the Ural Mountains, the left tributaries of the Kama in the upper reaches are typical mountain rivers. They have a fast current with rapids, rifts and waterfalls. On the banks there are picturesque rocks and outcrops of stones. The most interesting thing is that many of the Perm mountain rivers can only be reached from the Sverdlovsk region. Having descended from the mountains to the plain, these rivers in the middle and lower reaches lose their mountainous character.

For centuries, the Permian rivers served not only as a water resource. In those days when there was neither air nor railway communication, the rivers were the main roads throughout Russia, including the Kama region.

Now the rivers are places of recreation and fishing. Of all the types of recreation on the rivers of the Perm Territory, rafting is especially popular. Starting from the first days of May and until late autumn, a huge number of tourists go for rafting using kayaks, catamarans and rafts.

Which rivers to choose for rafting? Rafting on each river is unique and unrepeatable. In the Perm Territory, rafting is carried out along the rivers Chusovaya, Vishera, Usva, Kosva and many others. Rafting on the river is the best vacation!

- the largest left tributary of the Volga. The name comes from the Udmurt "kam" - "river, current". Another interpretation of the name refers to the Udmurt "kema", meaning "long". According to one of the old theories, the ethnonym Komi ("people from the Kama") came from the name of the Kama River.

The Kama is considered a tributary of the Volga, however, Permians believe that the Volga is a tributary of the Kama, and many scientists share their opinion. A number of facts speak in favor of this:

  • The ancient valley of the Kama is much older than the Volga, figuratively speaking, when the ancient Kama (paleo-Kama) already existed, the Volga did not yet exist. And only then did the Volga join (at a right angle) to the Kama in connection with geological transformations;
  • The Kama basin is larger than the Volga, the Kama receives the waters of more rivers than the Volga;
  • The source of the Kama is located above the source of the Volga, and this is one of the criteria for determining the supremacy of a particular river;
  • At the confluence of the Kama and the Volga, in terms of such an indicator as water content, they are absolutely equivalent.

The length of the river is 1805 km. Previously, before the appearance of three reservoirs, it was even longer - more than two thousand kilometers. On the territory of the Perm Territory 910 km. Basin area 507,000 km²

Kama originates from 4 springs in the center of the Verkhnekamsk Upland in Udmurtia, near the village of Kuliga. This is a returnable river, that is, it makes an arc and flows near the mouth in the direction opposite to the flow of the source. And although the length of the river is 1805 km, its source is only 445 km from the mouth, if measured in a straight line.

The food of the Kama is mainly snow, as well as underground and rain. Freeze up in November, ice lasts until April. Ice drift in spring lasts from 2 to 15 days. The water level in the river can vary up to 8 meters. The basin includes 73718 rivers, 94.5% of them are small rivers, no more than 10 km long. The flow of the river is regulated for a considerable length by the dams of the Kamskaya, Votkinskaya and Nizhnekamskaya hydroelectric power stations, above which reservoirs have been created.

The Kama River can be divided into 3 sections:

  • upper reaches (from the source to the mouth of the Vishera),
  • middle course (from the mouth of the Vishera to the mouth of the Belaya),
  • lower course (from the mouth of the Belaya to the confluence of the Volga with the Kama).

The Perm Territory includes sections of the middle and upper reaches.

Kama in the upper reaches winds strongly, the channel is unstable and winding, many oxbow lakes, in which fish breeds, are formed in the floodplain. It becomes a wide river with a strong current and picturesque banks near the village of Gaina. Near the village of Ust-Kosa, at the mouth of the right tributary of the Kos, the Kama reaches 200 meters in width.

The banks of the Kama on average flow change: the left bank becomes elevated and steep. the right one remains low-lying with a meadow character, many islands, shoals and rifts appear.

The Kama becomes a full-fledged full-flowing river only after the confluence of the Vishera. The volume of water runoff near Perm is 52 cubic kilometers per year. The average slope of the river is 0.1%. The flow velocity varies from 0.3 to 1 km/s.

The creation of reservoirs has improved navigation conditions. There are regular passenger flights from Perm to Moscow, Gorky, Astrakhan and Ufa. The picturesque banks of the Kama attract many tourists. For outdoor activities and rafting, the upper reaches of the river are more interesting. The river is also attractive as a place for sport fishing. The upper course is best suited for this, since already below Solikamsk on the banks of the river there is a huge number of industrial enterprises. Therefore, the ecological situation in the middle and lower reaches is very unfavorable.

More than 40 species of fish live in Kama. The most numerous are zander, bream, pike, ruff, burbot, bleak, roach, perch, ide, blue bream, asp, catfish, sabrefish, white-eye, gudgeon, dace, silver bream, chub, spined loach and crucian carp.

Before the construction of hydroelectric power plants, 3 species of herring, sturgeon, beluga, Caspian lamprey and white salmon were found in the river, now this fish is gone, but catfish and sprat appeared, and rotan appeared in floodplain reservoirs.

Grayling and taimen are found in the upper reaches and tributaries. In some areas of the Upper Kama, a large number of sterlet are artificially maintained.

5 species of fish are listed in the Red Book of Russia, their fishing is prohibited: sterlet of the Upper and Middle Kama, taimen, brook trout, sculpin, bystrianka.

At present, the number of fish and fishermen is not so great, since the cost and difficulty of casting is not justified by the catch. Mostly residents of the villages closest to the Kama are caught.

Kama photo

Chusovaya river is a left tributary of the Kama. It originates in the Chelyabinsk region, then in the middle reaches it passes twice from the Sverdlovsk region to the Perm region and ends its journey in the area of ​​the city of Perm, flows into the Kama reservoir. Its interesting feature is that Chusovaya originates in Asia, on the eastern slopes of the Ural Range, crosses it and mainly flows in the European part of Russia, along the western slopes of the Ural Mountains, through the territory of the Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk regions and the Perm Territory, that is it flows through two parts of the world from Asia to Europe.

The length of Chusovaya is 592 km. Of these, it flows in the Chelyabinsk region - 20 km, in the Sverdlovsk region - 377 km, in the Perm region - 195 km. The average height of the catchment area is 356 m. The area of ​​the catchment area is 23,000 square meters. km, average slope 0.4 m/km.

The water level on the river is unstable and changes rapidly. In rainy summer, it can rise to 4-5 meters.

On its way, the water crosses many mountain ranges, at the intersections on the banks numerous rocks (so-called stones) rise, forming the most picturesque landscapes.

Of the more than 200 rock outcrops, many have the status of natural monuments. The river has more than 150 tributaries - from small streams to deep rivers. There are more than 70 riffles on the river, the largest of which is Kashkinsky. In 2004, the Chusovaya River Natural Park was created on a 148-kilometer section of the river.

There are several versions of the origin of the name of the river. According to the most common hypothesis, the name comes from the Komi-Permyak words "chus" - fast and "va" - water, i.e. "chusva" - "fast water". This river played a huge role in the history of the Perm region.

There are hundreds of beautiful sights on Chusovaya: rocks, caves, monuments…

In the summer, rafting on Chusovaya is very popular with tourists.

In the lower reaches of the river, many episodes of the famous Soviet musical comedy " Volga-Volga directed by Grigory Alexandrov. In the village of Sloboda, Yaropolk Lapshin's film " sullen river».

Chusovaya photo

Vishera is the fifth longest river in the Perm Territory, the left tributary of the Kama River (flows into the Vishera Bay of the Kama Reservoir). This is one of the most picturesque rivers of the Urals.

Its length is 415 km, the basin area is 31,200 km². The average slope of the river is 0.2 m/km. The average height of the catchment area is 317 meters.

Vishera is characterized by high water, low summer low water and rain floods. The river is meandering, with many rocky rifts.

It flows into the Kama, and the Kama is inferior at the confluence in width and water content. There is even an opinion among experts that it is more reasonable to consider the Kama a tributary of the Vishera.

According to one version, it received its modern name from people from Veliky Novgorod, in honor of the river of the same name.

Has two origins. They are separated by the Vishersky Kamen ridge. The right branch, 16 km long, is called Malaya Vishera (Khalsoria), it originates on the Yany-Emty ridge.

The left one, 24 km long, Bolshaya Vishera (Pazarya), begins on the spurs of one of the peaks of the Poyasovy Kamen ridge - Porimongit-Ur, or rather, from the southwestern slope of the mountain with a mark of 1128.1 m, called the Mansi Saclaimsori-Chakhl.

This is a unique point in the Urals, where seven borders converge:

Europe and Asia; Sverdlovsk region and Perm region; as well as the watershed spaces of the three great rivers of Russia - the Pechora (Malaya Khozya), the Ob (Purma) and the Volga (Vishera).

In 1997, in honor of the 200th anniversary of the Perm region, a memorial pillar "Europe-Asia" was erected here.

Both sources of the Vishera always lie under the snow and merge at the northern foot of Mount Munintump (Army, 924.1m).

The entire course of the river can be divided into 3 sections:

Upper Vishera- the roughest part of the river. This is a section from the source to the mouth of the Uls River. The entire area is literally dotted with rifts, the channel winds heavily, the depth is shallow. The width of the river here is up to 70 m. After the confluence of Niols and Lopya, it becomes possible to raft along the river.

  • The region of the upper reaches is the least inhabited - only the village of Vels at the mouth of the tributary of the same name. There are mountain ranges here: Tulymsky stone (up to 1469 meters - this is the highest point in the Perm region),
  • Kurynsar - 896 meters,
  • Larch - 862 meters.

Most of the Upper Vishera is located on the territory of the Vishera Reserve. Fishing is prohibited in the reserve.

Middle Vishera- from the mouth of the Uls River to the confluence of the Kolva River (199 km). There are still many rifts, but now there are also many reaches. The width of the river reaches 150 m, the speed of the current decreases. There are many picturesque coastal rocks-stones: Written, Pillars, Perforated, Windy, Gostinovsky, Fighter, Den, Talkative, Vetlan.

The banks of the river here are the most populated, along the banks there are villages and settlements of Sypuchi, Visherogorsk, Vaya, Akchim, Zagovorukha, Romanikha, Talitsa, Bahari, Ust-Yazva, as well as the regional center city of Krasnovishersk.

Logging is underway along the banks, and the environment is deteriorating somewhat.

Lower Vishera- from the mouth of the Kolva River to the confluence with the Kama (34 km). It is a typical flat river, in some places it overflows up to 900 m.

In the middle of the 20th century, due to mole drifting of timber and water emissions from the pulp and paper plant in the city of Krasnovishersk, this area lost its fishing significance.

But in the upper reaches of the fish is quite enough. In the tributaries of the Vishera, there is even a sculpin listed in the Red Book, which is an indicator of the purity of the water.

In the upper reaches there is also the largest population of grayling and taimen in the region and Europe. Individuals reach 1.5-2 kg. Until 1958, industrial grayling flourished except for Vishera on the rivers Berezovaya, Uls and Vels. Up to 187 centners of fish were caught annually (more than in Karelia, Ladoga and Onega lakes combined). Due to poaching in the upper reaches of the river, the population of grayling in Vishera began to rapidly decrease, and at present there is no commercial fishing for grayling.

Of the animals in the Vishera region, there is a bear and a beaver, there is a wolverine. Of the birds, the golden eagle, merlin, osprey and ptarmigan are listed in the Red Book.

There is also a mysterious bird - a black stork, also listed in the Red Book. The legend says that whoever finds a black stork's nest will inevitably die in the very near future.

Herds of reindeer live in the mountain tundra. Swans are found in the upper reaches of the Vishera and its tributary, the Lypya.

Yellowish-brown Ural sable lives on the slopes of the mountains in the dark coniferous taiga. Here is the western border of its habitat. Marten and large Ural sable gave a valuable cross - kidus (kidas). This type of fur-bearing animal is found only in the mountains of the Northern Urals; in the Perm Territory, the kidus lives in the upper reaches of the Vishera.

You can often hear the phrase "Diamond Vishera". The river is so called both for its fabulous beauty and for the diamond deposits in its basin.

Rafting on Vishera is very popular among tourists. The river is ideal for family rafting and for rafting in large companies: it is quite calm, without rapids.

It is best to start rafting from the villages of Vels or Vaya, and finish in the city of Krasnovishersk. In this section, the river is suitable for rafting throughout the summer. The beauty of the Vishera River, picturesque banks, unique nature will give you many pleasant moments.

Vishera photo

There is another version of the origin of the name, according to which Yaiva is the name of the daughter of the forest king. The hero Tulum fell in love with her, and she reciprocated. But the river king did not want to give his daughter to Tulum, and during a thunderstorm he threw the palace in which the lovers lived into the water. The broken body of Tulum turned into boulders, and Yaiva became a fast mountain river. And since then, as if embracing and mourning the beloved hero Tulum, the beautiful Yaiva has been swiftly rushing through the Tulum boulders with her crystal clear waters.

These boulders are now called Yaivinsky tulums, and begin 20 km before the confluence of the Kad River. The largest rapids of the Yaiva tulums even have their own names (Slanting Head, Birch Head, Bear's Head, Ravines, etc.).

After the confluence of the Kad Yayva river, it becomes noticeably calmer, the flow is slower, the channel is deeper, and there are rocky outcrops along the banks.

After the dam on the reservoir of the Yaivinskaya GRES, the river is very picturesque, wide, deep and calm.

Taimen and grayling live in the river and its tributaries. Pike and large perch are kept in the oxbow lakes. After the village of the same name, asp, bream and chub are caught. In the village itself there is a fish farm of the Yaivinskaya GRES, so the local fishermen downstream have adapted to catch fish that have escaped from the cages - carp, trout, taimen, etc.

The river is interesting for rafting, during which tourists visit picturesque rocks with caves along the banks. The Tihiy Kamen tract is especially popular.

Chanva - the left tributary of the Yaiva, flows in the Perm Territory through the territory of the Aleksandrovsky district. The length is 70 km, the catchment area is 733 km².

It is formed on the northern slope of the White Spoy Range from the confluence of the Rassokha and Tsenva rivers. The mouth of the river is located 183 km along the left bank of the Yayva River.

The name comes from the Komi word "chan" - a foal, which in relation to the river means - frisky, fast. Thus Chanwa means "fast river" or "fast river".

Chanwu is called the "cave river". There are many known and unknown caves in the coastal cliffs and remnant rocks in the forest.

The channel runs through a deep rocky valley. There are steep elevation changes throughout the river.

Rafting along Changwa is popular with tourists. The best time for rafting is the first 2-3 weeks after the ice drift (from the middle to the end of May). Then the river is quite full-flowing, and there is no need to drag rubber boats and especially catamarans along the riffles.

On the shores there are the most interesting rocks and caves, which are natural monuments of federal significance. Among them are the Anyusha tract, the Chanvinsky caves.

At the confluence of the Berezovaya river, a path (2 km) leaves to the Tain cave.

The mouth of the Chanva is located just below the village of Verkhnyaya-Yayva.

The Lytva River - flows in the Perm Territory. It flows into the Votkinsk reservoir near the city of Osa, forming a bay more than 20 km long and up to 5 km wide. The length of the river is 118 km, the average slope is 0.8 m / km, the catchment area is 3.5 thousand square meters. km at an average altitude of 200 meters above sea level. 110 tributaries less than 10 km long flow into the river.

The spring flood lasting about 25-30 days begins in April. As a rule, the highest water levels are observed at the end of April. When heavy rains fall, there may be rain floods, accompanied by a significant rise in the water level.

Although the Tulva begins its journey in the Uinsky district, and flows into the Kama in the Osinsky district, most of the 118 km of the river's length is in the Bardymsky district. Therefore, the Bardyms consider it theirs, and call their land Pritulva.

It is not known for certain where the name of the Tulva River came from. The part "va" indicates the Komi-Permyak "water", a significant number of the names of the rivers of the Perm Territory end in "va". But “Tul” can be translated in different ways: either from the Mansi “tul” - fog, or from the Komi-Permyak as “nail”, “wedge”, or from the Tatar “tula” - full.

Local Tatars call the river - Tol, in historical documents there is another name - Tolbuy. Traditions tell about the origin of this name: “The village of Tanyp is the oldest settlement in the upper reaches of the Tulva, in ancient times one person, Gainetdin, moved here and built a house. After a while, his younger brother came and settled downstream of the river, in the place where the village of Ishimovo is. And then he saw wood chips floating in the river and found his older brother. Then the younger brother drowned, and his wife told the river that you brought me such grief, let your name be "Tol" - a widow. This is how the Tatar name of the river Tulva appeared.

On the territory of the Perm Territory there are 29 thousand rivers with a total length of over 90 thousand km. The two largest and most famous Permian rivers are Kama and Chusovaya. In those days when there was no railway and air communication, they were the main transport routes in the Kama region. Now the rivers of the Perm Territory attract tourists and fishing enthusiasts from all over the country. Multi-day kayaking and catamaran rafting, active recreation for the whole family, fishing in oxbow lakes and reaches - everyone finds something to their taste.

The Kama River, 1805 km long, flows through a wide valley among the highlands of the High Trans-Volga region. Kama originates in Udmurtia near the village of Kuliga. In the Perm Territory, it extends for 910 km, flowing from the mouth of the river. Save. In the area of ​​the village of Gayny, the river becomes wide and full of water. Freezing from November to April, freezing is accompanied by a large formation of in-water ice. The river is fed by snow, rain and groundwater.

Kama has long been famous for its excellent fishing. Over 40 species of fish live in countless oxbow lakes. In the upper reaches grayling and taimen come across, in some areas the ichthyofauna is diluted with a large number of sterlet. In the middle reaches burbot, pike, chub, pike perch, ruff, perch, sabrefish, ide, white-eye are found.

Due to its huge size, Kama gives a lot of opportunities for recreation. Numerous recreation centers, dispensaries and fish farms have been built on the banks of the river. In the upper reaches, from May to October, outdoor enthusiasts raft on kayaks and catamarans. They usually start from an abandoned bridge on the Stepanenki-Ilmovo road, the finish line is at the left tributary of the Lopya near the village of Lavrushenki. Sailing competitions are also held annually on the river.

Chusovaya

The Chusovaya River is the largest left tributary of the Kama. The river is unique in that it flows in two parts of the world at once. It originates on the territory of the Chelyabinsk region, crosses the Ural Range and keeps its way along its western slopes, located in the European part of Russia. The length is 592 km.

Chusovaya is famous for its beauty and uniqueness. It is decorated with numerous limestone and dolomite stones, forming picturesque landscapes. Many rocks are natural monuments and are protected by the state. The picturesqueness of the banks makes the river a popular object among nature lovers and professional tourists.

Rafting down the Chusovaya river belongs to the category of unique ones. This is not only an active holiday for the whole family, but also an exciting journey through pagan places. On the way, you can stumble upon large caves located in limestone rocks. Rafting on the river is recommended from May to November, groups depart from Yekaterinburg, Perm and nearby villages.

Perch, ruffe, minnow, gudgeon, bleak, roach, bream, dace, chub, pike, European grayling and burbot are found in the upper reaches of the Chusovaya. Podust, asp, burbot and grayling are found in the middle reaches. Starting from Staroutkinsk, fishing becomes noticeably more interesting. Powerful rifts replace long stretches, and fish are found here in abundance. Taimen, pike perch and sabrefish are added to the listed species.

sylva

On the slopes of the Middle Urals, the largest and full-flowing tributary of the Chusovaya, the Sylva River, originates. It flows to the west and flows into the bay of the Kama reservoir. It receives more than 300 tributaries, 47 of which are more than 10 km long.

The river is full of water, the channel is winding with shoals and rifts, which makes it interesting for sport fishing. It freezes in October-November, often there are ice jams, the ice melts in the second half of April.

The picturesque river is very popular among professional tourists. There are karst caves in the lower Sylva basin. Fans of water travel can see coastal stones located in a solid wall, Ermak and Black Pristada rocks, small villages and spacious meadows. Near the village of Molebka, there is the so-called "anomalous zone"; a festival of ufologists is held here every year. Rafting on the Sylva is possible from May to September.

In the ichthyofauna of the river and its tributaries - grayling, sterlet, chub, ide, dace, bream, pike, pike perch, burbot, asp, podust, gudgeon, perch. In the stretches formed at the confluence with the Lipok River, dace pecks well. The proximity of the railway and large settlements makes Sylva accessible to industrial fisheries and amateur fishermen.

Vishera

The left tributary of the Kama, 415 km long, the Vishera River, originates on the border of the Komi Republic and the Perm Territory in the Vishera Reserve. It flows through the foothills of the Urals, has two sources - Bolshaya and Malaya Vishera, they are separated by a ridge called the Vishera stone and merge at Mount Munintump (Army). Along the entire course of the river there are rifts, the banks are decorated with picturesque stones and rocks.

Rafting down the river on catamarans gives you the opportunity to get to know the nature and history of the Northern Urals. The banks of the Vishera keep memories of the past centuries. During the trip, you can see amazing rock paintings, which are more than three thousand years old.

Tourists raft throughout the summer from the villages of Vels or Vaya and end the route in the city of Krasnovishersk. The course of the river is quite calm, there are no rapids and rapids. The absence of serious obstacles makes the place popular among beginners and family lovers.

In the upper reaches of the Vishera and its tributaries, there are several types of fish: taimen, grayling, burbot and minnow. The sculpin goby, listed in the Red Book, also lives here. Downstream, zander, pike, podust, perch, sabrefish, ide, gudgeon, sterlet, roach, bream, etc. are caught.

Kosva

The Kosva River is a mountain river 283 km long, originating in the west of the Sverdlovsk region, formed at the confluence of two sources: Bolshaya Kosva and Malaya Kosva. Forming a bay, it flows into the Kama reservoir. The river carries its waters between rocky mountains and picturesque banks, opening up beautiful views of Bolshaya Oslyanka and Ostroy Tur.

The current is fast, there are rifts and often there are large rapids. Among them stands out the famous Tulym threshold (Bear's Heads) with a length of over 6 km. The left bank is all indented with bays, the right one is rocky and steep.

Kosva is great for professional rafting. The route starts from the upper reaches and ends at the Shirokovskoye reservoir (Perm Territory). The best time for travel is the end of May-June, when the snow melts in the mountains. During the rafting, you can get acquainted with the Cold and Rook Log. These natural areas are of great geological importance and are a place of pilgrimage for speleologists from all over the country.

There are a lot of fish in the river, including grayling, taimen, perch, pike, ruff, pike perch, ide, roach, bream. There are no enterprises and settlements in the upper reaches of the Kosva, so the water is quite clean up to the Shirokovsky reservoir itself.

The flora and fauna of the Kosva River is generally regarded as rich.

Lysva

The Lysva River, 112 km long, flows from east to northeast, is the left tributary of the Chusovaya. Its source is located in the west of the Vereshchaginsky district near the border of the Kirov region, the mouth is below the city of Chusovoy. The river has several tributaries, the largest among them are Bursyak and Berezovka.

The valley is narrow and densely populated, along the left bank of the Lysva there is a railway. In the city of the same name there is a metallurgical plant, for the operation of which a dam was erected. Today, the reservoir is used as a source of drinking water and a resting place for citizens.

The species composition of fish is quite diverse. Pike, bream, grayling, perch, burbot, roach, ruff, tench and other fish are found here. You can fish all year round.

Silver

The Silver River is the right tributary of the Chusovaya, originates on the slope of Mount Podpora near the border of the Perm Territory and the Sverdlovsk Region. The relief of the catchment area is mountainous, the channel is winding. Silver several times crosses the border of Europe with Asia. The length of the river is 147 km, the maximum width is 15 m.

Fans of rafting on mountain rivers will find many obstacles: rifts, clamps, blockages, overhanging and fallen trees. The current is very fast, from all sides a dense taiga forest comes over Silver, which gradually replaces the flat landscape and rare low cliffs.

It is better to raft in May on the big spring water. The route starts in the village. Serebryanka and ends in the village of Kyn (from there they get to the railway station, from which you can take a train to Yekaterinburg or Perm), or in Verkhnyaya Oslyanka (pre-order a drop or bring your car in advance). In the spring, this path is easily covered in 2-3 days.

In the summer, fish are well caught on the river: bream, ruff, perch, pike, dace, chebak, roach and others. The famous fish of the Ural rivers, grayling, is also found here.

Colva

The Kolva River, 460 km long, is the largest tributary of the Vishera. It flows on the territory of the Cherdynsky district in the Perm region. There are no residential settlements in the upper reaches of the Kolva, only forest roads lead here. In the middle and lower reaches, skirting swamps and hills, the river forms many oxbow lakes.

You can raft along the entire course of the river, you can order tours that combine fishing and sightseeing. The route is replete with various historical sights. On the way tourists will meet abandoned settlements where you can find masterpieces of stone and wooden architecture: Iskor, Vilgort, Kamgort, etc.

On the right bank of the river is the Divya Cave, more than 10 km long. It is famous for its unique flora and fauna, unusual forms of stalactites and stalagmites. Rafting on the Kolva can be combined with rafting on the river. Birch, so you can fully enjoy the beautiful views.

In the upper reaches of the river there are grayling, taimen and partial species of fish that enter the tributaries for spawning. Also there you can catch pike, sabrefish, podust, bream, perch, burbot, ruff and sterlet.

Yaiva

The Yaiva River is the left tributary of the Kama, 304 km long, and starts its journey from the western slope of the Small Kvarkush ridge. It flows into the Kama reservoir near the town of Berezniki. In the upper reaches of the Yaiva there are many rifts, rapids and whirlpools. A swift mountain river flows through a shallow valley, the banks are adorned with dense spruce and fir taiga.

After the crossing at the Vizhay base, the river slows down, it begins to wind strongly, this should be taken into account when planning the rafting. Water tourists from all over the country are attracted by the Yaivinsky tulums - a 15 km section with the rapids of Kosaya Golova, Berezovaya Golova, etc. It originates 20 km before the confluence of the Kad River. Sports fishing enthusiasts prefer rafting from the village of Verz-Yayva, where the popular Ural ridges are located, covered with dense forests.

For fishermen, Yaiva is interesting at the confluence of rivers and streams. Taimen and grayling live in its basin. Pike and large perch are found in oxbow lakes. In the village of Yaiva there is a large fish farm, downstream you can catch fish that escaped from cages: bream, asp, trout, carp, chub, etc.

Usva

The Usva River is the largest tributary of the Chusovaya. It has a pronounced mountainous character. The 266 km long river flows among the mountains and coastal cliffs, there are about 200 riffles along its length. Natural monuments are located in the upper and middle reaches: Usvinsky pillars rock, Omutny and Bolshoi Log stones. Stone Town is located not far from the village of the same name.

The best time for rafting is spring. At this time of the year the river is at its fullest and the rapids do not dry up. The route starts on Perekat not far from the Shumikhinsky Rocks and ends in the village of Usva (from there you can get to Perm by bus).

In the upper reaches you can catch grayling, minnow, minnow and dace. In the middle reaches, perch, roach, pike, sabrefish, bleak, ide, white-eye, podust, ruff and silver bream are added to the ichthyofauna.

Perm rivers, alphabetical list

Below is a list of rivers of the Perm Territory in alphabetical order. We included in it large and medium rivers according to the generally accepted classification. All the rivers of the Kama region simply would not fit on one page, since there are more than 29 thousand of them.

  • Veslyana
  • Vishera
  • Yinva
  • Koiva
  • Colva
  • Kosva
  • Lupya
  • Lysva
  • Pilva
  • Midday Kondas
  • Serebryanka
  • sylva
  • Timshor
  • Tulva
  • Urolka
  • Black
  • Chusovaya
  • Southern Celtma
  • Yazva

Rivers ending in wa

To help crossword lovers, we publish all the rivers of the Perm Territory ending in va. There are many such rivers in this region, because "wa" in the language of local peoples means "water, river".

The rivers of the Perm Territory are a whole world that opens up to brave tourists! The ichthyofauna is represented by many species of fish, and outdoor enthusiasts can explore historical and natural attractions during the rafting.

Perm region- a subject of the Federation in the European part of Russia, insignificant parts of the territory of the region are in the Asian part of Russia. The region is located in the northeastern part of the East European Plain and on the western slopes of the Middle and Northern Urals. In the western and central regions, a hilly flat relief prevails, in the east - large-hilly and low-mountain ones. In the west of the flat part, there is the Verkhnekamskaya upland and the Okhanskaya upland, which continues it in the center of the region, in the northwest, the slightly dissected Northern Uvaly, in the south, the Tulvinskaya upland, in the southeast, the Sylvinsky ridge on the outskirts of the Ufimsky plateau. On the territory of the region, mainly in the southeast, karst is developed.

Perm Krai is part of the Volga Federal District. The administrative center is the city of Perm.

The territory of the region is 160,236 km 2, the population (as of January 1, 2017) is 2,632,097 people. Perm Krai is the largest region of the Volga Federal District.

Surface water resources

Almost all water bodies of the Perm Territory belong to the Caspian Sea basin - the Kama basin. Only insignificant territories of the region are located within the basin of the seas of the Arctic Ocean - the basin of the Northern Dvina in the north-west and the Pechora in the north of the region.

The river network of the Perm Territory is represented by 29,179 rivers with a total length of 90,014 km (the density of the river network is 0.56 km / km 2), most of which belong to small rivers and streams. The rivers of the region, originating from the slopes of the Urals, in the upper reaches flow between mountain ranges in wide valleys and have a slow flow; cutting through the ridges and ridges of the foothills, they acquire the features of mountain rivers, and when they enter the plains, they become flat. The rivers of the south and southwest, as well as the rivers flowing from the Upper Kama Upland and the Northern Uvals, are flat, characterized by wide valleys, winding channels and slow flow. The rivers of the Perm Territory are characterized by mixed feeding with a predominance of snow (50–60%). The rivers belong to the Eastern European type of water regime, which is characterized by spring floods with a sharp rise in water level, summer-autumn low water, interrupted by rain floods, winter low water. The rivers freeze in the second half of November and break up in late April - early May. The largest rivers in the region are the Kama with its tributaries of the first and second order: Vishera, Chusovaya, Kosaya (tributaries of the Kama), Kolva (tributary of the Vishera), Sylva (tributary of the Chusovaya) and others. The Pechora basin includes the upper reaches of the left tributaries of the river. Unya, Northern Dvina - parts of the basins of the rivers Voch and Asynvozh, left tributaries of the Northern Ketelma. Among the regions of the federal district, the Perm Territory ranks first in terms of the length and density of the river network.

Functions for the provision of public services and the management of federal property in the field of water resources in the territory of the region are carried out by the Department of Water Resources of the Kama BVU in the Perm Territory.

Powers in the field of water relations transferred to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the functions of providing public services and managing regional property in the field of water resources in the region are exercised by the Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry and Ecology of the Perm Territory.

On the territory of the region, the State program "Reproduction and use of natural resources" is being implemented, the structure of which includes the subprogram "Development of the water management complex of the Perm Territory". The objectives of the program in the development of the water management complex are to prevent potential damage from the negative impact of surface water and accidents at hydraulic structures.

In preparing the material, the data of the State reports "On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2015", "On the state and use of water resources of the Russian Federation in 2015", "On the state and use of land in the Russian Federation in 2015", “On the state and environmental protection of the Perm Territory in 2015”, collection “Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2016". The ratings of regions by surface and underground water resources do not take into account the indicators of cities of federal significance - Moscow,

Yusva River - Swan River,
The motherland is small, the motherland is bright.
Your right wing is your dear field,
Your left wing is a cherished grove.
V. Radkevich

The Perm region is called the water region, because we have over 30 thousand reservoirs. They form a bizarre, branched, dense network.

The names of many rivers have the ending "va" (in Permian Komi "va" - water, river): Gaiva, Kolva, Usva, Unva, Chelva, Kosva, Koiva, Lysva, Nizva, Pozhva, Sylva, Syuzva, Urva...

You probably can't list everything.

Such geographical names are not accidental. They come from the words of the Komi-Permyak, Komi-Zyryan, Udmurt, Mansi, Khanty, Bashkir and tell about any features of the river, which the tribes that once lived here noticed with amazing accuracy.

So, Kolva - a river in the Cherdynsky region, the largest tributary of the Vishera, 490 km long, collects water from an area equal to the territory of Belgium. The modern name of the river is the Mansi "kol" ya, modified by the Komi-Permyaks, which means fish river (the Mansi have "kol" - fish, "ya" - river).In the past, Mansi roamed and fished in the Kolva basin.

Chelva - four rivers of the Perm region have this name: tributaries of the Kama, Kosva, Nerdva and Obva. All of them are flat, quiet, which is quite consistent with the Komi-Perm "person" - quiet.

Ulva is a river in the Solikamsk region, the left tributary of the Urolka, 65 km long. The name of the river comes from the Komi "ul" I damp, wet and means a damp, wet river, that is, a river that flows in the lowlands, with damp banks.

Unva - this is the name of two rivers of the Berezniki region, the left tributaries of the Yaiva. Their name is also Komi-Permyak and comes from the word "una" - a lot; so Unva is a river with many waters.

Gaiva is a river in the suburban area of ​​Krasnokamsk, the right tributary of the Kama, 73 km long. "Gai" in Permian Komi means a response in the forest, and spruce "gaiva" can be translated as water with a good response, an echo.

But the name of the Inva, the right tributary of the Kama, in Komi-Perm means female water, female river; a river as beautiful as a woman. The river has beautiful, picturesque banks, dressed in a motley carpet of forest and wildflowers. This feature is reflected in its name.

Vilva - several rivers of the Perm region have this name. It comes from the Komi-Permian "vil", that is, new, and means new water, river.

Koiva is a river in the Chusovsky district, 189 km long, with a narrow valley and steep slopes. "Koi" - a bird; apparently, many birds flocked here in ancient times, leaving a memory of themselves in the name of the river.

The Kosva is a major tributary of the Kama Reservoir, 345 km long. The word "kos" goes back to the Komi-Permyak "kes" and means dry (in the sense of small). The name well conveys the peculiarity of this reservoir - shallow water, a river with shallow depths, rifts.

Lysva - this name is given to three rivers of our region: the tributaries of the Kama, Obva and Chusovaya. "Lys" in Komi-Permyak - needles, that is, Lysva - coniferous water, a coniferous river flowing through an area overgrown with coniferous forest. In the past, that's how it was.

Nizva - a river in the Cherdynsky district, the left tributary of the Kolva, 125 km long. Its name is poetic: sable water, sable river, ("bottom" in the Komi language - sable).

The soil is a tributary of the Kama. This name comes from the Udmurt "pl" - muddy; This means that the water in this river is muddy.

But the word "Sylva" (from the Komi-Permyak "this" - clay) means clay water, clay river.

As you can see, the name of the river is its characteristic, which was given by our distant ancestors.