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What types of precipitation do you know? Types of precipitation: (according to the nature of precipitation). The influence of seasonality on the physical state of precipitation

In meteorology, precipitation is divided into the following types:

Rain- liquid drop precipitation (droplet diameter is usually 0.5-0.7 mm, sometimes more) .

drizzle- precipitation consisting of small homogeneous cough (diameter 0.05-0.5 mm), falling imperceptibly to the eye.

freezing rain- precipitation in the form of ice balls (diameter from 1 to 3 mm).

hail- precipitation having pieces of ice of various sizes and shapes (diameter from 4-5 to 50 mm, sometimes more).

Snow- solid precipitation in the form of crystals, stars or flakes.

Wet snow- Precipitation in the form of melting snow with rain. Snow groats - precipitation in the form of white round snow balls (diameter from 2 to 5 mm).

snow grains- small snow grains (diameter less than 1 cm).

ice needles- thin ice sticks in suspension, sparkling in the sun of a frosty day.

According to the nature of precipitation, they are divided into three types: continuous, torrential and drizzling (drizzle).

Heavy rainfall fall out of nimbostratus and altostratus clouds for a long time over a large area. Their intensity ranges from 0.5 to 1 mm/min. Heavy precipitation may fall in the form of rain and snow (sometimes wet).

heavy rainfall fall out of cumulonimbus clouds in a limited space in large numbers and in a short period of time. Their intensity is from 1 to 3.5 mm/min and more (there were showers in the Hawaiian Islands - 21.5 aphids min). Heavy rainfall is often accompanied by thunderstorms and squalls. As well as overburden, torrential precipitation can fall in the form of rain and snow. In the latter case, they are called "snow charges".

Drizzling precipitation (drizzle) are small droplets (snowflakes) with a very low falling speed. Fall out of stratus clouds or fog. Their intensity is insignificant (less than 0.5 mm/min).

Blizzard is a special form of precipitation. During a snowstorm, the wind carries snow along the earth's surface for long distances. A blizzard occurs when the wind is strong enough. There are three types of snowstorms: general (with heavy snowfall and wind from 7 m/s), grassroots (without snowfall, with a wind of 10-12 m/s) and drifting snow (without snowfall, with wind 6 m/s and more).

Precipitation measurement

The amount of precipitation is measured rain gauge, which is a bucket closed with a grate, mounted on a pole and protected from the wind by a special device. The precipitation is poured into a beaker and measured. The amount of precipitation is expressed as the height of the water layer in millimeters, formed as a result of precipitation falling on a horizontal surface in the absence of evaporation, seepage and runoff.

Usually taken into account amount of precipitation per day, as well as monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation totals. Precipitation intensity is the amount of precipitation in millimeters that falls in one minute (mm/min). The amount of snowfall is determined by measuring the height of the snow cover in centimeters from the ground using snow gauge with centimeter divisions.

Impact of precipitation on aviation operations

Precipitation has an extremely adverse effect on the operation of aviation, namely:

In precipitation, visibility from the aircraft deteriorates. In light to moderate rain or light snow, horizontal visibility deteriorates to 4-2 km, and at high flight speed - up to 1-2 km. In heavy rain, as well as during moderate and heavy snowfall, visibility deteriorates sharply to several tens of meters.

In addition, the water film on the glass of the aircraft cabin canopy causes optical distortion of visible objects, which is dangerous during takeoff and especially during landing.

In flight in the precipitation zone, in addition to the deterioration of visibility, there is a decrease in the height of the clouds.

In heavy rain, the speed indicator readings may be too low, sometimes up to 100 km/h This happens due to partial blocking of the opening of the air pressure receiver by drops of water.

Rainfall can get into the engine and make it difficult or impair its operation.

In flight, in the zone of supercooled rain, very dangerous intense icing of the aircraft occurs.

Precipitation has a significant impact on the condition and operation of aerodromes:

The presence of precipitation on the runway reduces the coefficient of friction, which worsens the controllability on the runway and increases the length of the takeoff run and run.

Water, snow, slush thrown by the nose or main wheels can be sucked into the engines, causing damage to their structure or loss of thrust, clogging of small air intakes, slots in controls, mechanization, landing gear, various doors and hatches, SHS receivers is possible, which leads to obstruction or damage to relevant aircraft systems.

Prolonged or torrential rains can lead to soaking of unpaved airfields.

The snow cover formed at the aerodrome due to snowfalls requires special work on its removal or rolling to ensure normal flights.

Water molecules continuously evaporating from the surface of lakes, seas, rivers and oceans enter the atmosphere, where they are converted into water vapor, and then into various types of precipitation. Water vapor is always present in the air, which is usually impossible to see, but the humidity of the air depends on its amount.

Humidity is different in all regions of the globe, in the heat it rises when evaporation from the surface of water bodies into the atmosphere increases. Low humidity is usually observed over desert areas, as there is little water vapor, so the air in deserts is very dry.

Water vapor overcomes many challenges before falling to the ground in the form of rain, snow or frost.

The surface of the earth is heated by the sun's rays, and the resulting heat is transferred to the air. Since heated air masses are much lighter than cold ones, they rise. Tiny water droplets that formed in the air continue to travel further with it into precipitation.

Types of precipitation, fog and clouds.

To imagine how the further transformation of water vapor in the atmosphere occurs, a fairly simple experiment can be carried out. It is necessary to take a mirror and bring it closer to the spout of a boiling kettle. After a few seconds, the cool surface of the mirror will fog up, then large water droplets will form on it. The released steam turned into water, which means that a phenomenon called condensation has occurred.

A similar phenomenon occurs with water vapor at a distance of 2-3 km from the earth. Since the air at this distance is colder than near the surface of the earth, steam condenses in it and water drops form, which can be observed from the earth in the form of clouds.

When flying on an airplane, you can see how the clouds sometimes appear below the aircraft. And you can even be among the clouds if you climb a high mountain with low cloud cover. At this moment, the surrounding objects and people will turn into invisible people, who were swallowed up by a thick veil of fog. Fog is the same clouds, but only located near the earth's surface.

If the drops in the clouds begin to grow and become heavier, then the snow-white clouds gradually darken and turn into clouds. When heavy drops are no longer able to stay in the air, then from thunderclouds rain falls on the ground in precipitation.

Dew and frost as types of precipitation.

In the summer near water bodies, a lot of steam is formed in the air and it becomes highly saturated with water pores. With the onset of night, coolness comes and at this time a smaller amount of steam is required to saturate the air. Excess moisture condenses on the ground, leaves, grass and other objects, and such type of precipitation called dew. Dew can be observed in the early morning, when transparent small drops can be seen covering various objects.

With the arrival of late autumn, the temperature during the night can drop below 0 ° C, then the dew drops freeze and turn into amazing transparent crystals, which are called frost.

In winter, ice crystals freeze and settle on window panes in the form of frosty patterns of extraordinary beauty. Sometimes frost just covers the surface of the earth, like a thin layer of snow. Frost-formed fantastic patterns are best seen on rough surfaces such as:

  • tree branches;
  • loose surface of the earth;
  • wooden benches.

Snow and hail as types of precipitation.

Hail is the name given to irregularly shaped pieces of ice that fall to the ground in the summer along with rain. There is also "dry" hail, it falls without rain. If you carefully saw the hailstone, then on the cut you can see that it consists of alternating opaque and transparent layers.

When air currents bring water vapor to a height of about 5 km, then water droplets begin to settle on dust particles, while they instantly freeze. The resulting ice crystals begin to increase in size, and when they reach a large weight, they begin to fall. But a new stream of warm air comes from the earth and it returns them back to the cold cloud. The hailstones begin to grow again and try to fall, this process is repeated several times, only after gaining a sufficiently heavy weight, they fall to the ground.

The size of such types of precipitation(hailstones) usually ranges from 1 to 5 mm in diameter. Although there were cases when the size of the hailstones exceeded a chicken egg, and the weight reached about 400-800 g.

Hail can cause very great damage to agriculture, it damages vegetable gardens and crops, and also leads to the death of small animals. Large hailstones can damage cars and even pierce the skin of aircraft.

To reduce the likelihood of hail falling to the ground, scientists are constantly developing new substances that, with the help of special rockets, are thrown into thunderclouds and thus disperse them.

With the advent of winter, the earth is enveloped in a snow-white blanket, consisting of the smallest ice crystals, which are called snow. Due to low temperatures, water droplets freeze and ice crystals form in the clouds, then new water molecules are attached to them and as a result a separate snowflake is born. All snowflakes have six corners, but the patterns woven on them by frost differ from each other. If the snowflakes are affected by the current of the wind, they stick together and form snow flakes. Walking on the snow in frosty weather, we often hear a crunch under our feet, it is ice crystals that break in the snowflakes.

Such types of precipitation, as snow brings many problems, because of snow, traffic is difficult on roads, power lines are torn under its weight, and snowmelt leads to floods. But due to the fact that the plants are covered with a snow blanket, they are able to endure even severe frosts.

Precipitation is called water in liquid and solid state, which falls from clouds and is deposited from the air.

Types of precipitation

For precipitation, there are different classifications. A distinction is made between heavy rainfall, which is associated with warm fronts, and heavy rainfall, which is associated with cold fronts.

Precipitation is measured in millimeters - the thickness of the layer of fallen water. On average, about 250 mm per year falls in high latitudes and deserts, and on the globe as a whole, about 1000 mm of precipitation per year.

Precipitation measurement is essential for any geographic survey. After all, precipitation is one of the most important links in the moisture cycle on the globe.

The determining characteristics for a particular climate are the average monthly, annual, seasonal and long-term precipitation, their daily and annual course, their frequency and intensity.

These indicators are extremely important for most sectors of the national (agricultural) economy.

Rain is a liquid precipitation - in the form of drops from 0.4 to 5-6 mm. Raindrops can leave a trace in the form of a wet spot on a dry object, on the surface of the water - in the form of a divergent circle.

There are different types of rain: icy, supercooled and rain with snow. Both supercooled rain and icy rain fall at negative air temperatures.

Supercooled rain is characterized by liquid precipitation, the diameter of which reaches 5 mm; after this type of rain, ice can form.

And freezing rain is represented by precipitation in a solid state - these are balls of ice, inside of which there is frozen water. Snow is called precipitation, which falls in the form of flakes and snow crystals.

Horizontal visibility depends on the intensity of snowfall. Distinguish between sleet and sleet.

The concept of weather and its features

The state of the atmosphere in a particular place at a particular time is called the weather. Weather is the most variable phenomenon in the environment. Sometimes it starts to rain, sometimes it starts to wind, and after a few hours the sun will shine and the wind will subside.

But even in the variability of the weather there are regularities, despite the fact that a huge number of factors influence the formation of the weather.

The main elements characterizing the weather are the following meteorological indicators: solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, air humidity and temperature, precipitation and wind direction, wind force and cloud cover.

If we talk about the changeability of the weather, then most often it changes in temperate latitudes - in regions with a continental climate. And the weather is most stable in the polar and equatorial latitudes.

The change in weather is associated with the change of season, that is, the changes are periodic, and weather conditions repeat over time.

Every day we observe the daily change of the weather - the night follows the day, and for this reason the weather conditions change.

The concept of climate

The long-term weather regime is called the climate. The climate is determined in a particular area - thus, the weather regime must be stable for a certain geographical location.

Precipitation Atmospheric precipitation - water in a drop liquid (rain, drizzle) and solid (snow, cereal, hail) state, falling out of clouds or deposited directly from the air on the surface of the Earth and objects (dew, drizzle, hoarfrost, ice) as a result of condensation of water vapor, in the air.

Atmospheric precipitation is also the amount of water that has fallen in a certain place over a certain period of time (usually measured by the thickness of the layer of fallen water in mm). The amount of precipitation depends on air temperature, atmospheric circulation, topography, sea currents.

A distinction is made between heavy precipitation associated mainly with warm fronts and showers associated with cold fronts. Precipitation from the air: dew, frost, frost, ice.

Precipitation is measured by the thickness of the layer of fallen water in millimeters. On average, approx. 1000 mm of precipitation per year: from 2500 mm in humid equatorial forests to 10 mm in deserts and 250 mm in high latitudes. Precipitation is measured with rain gauges, precipitation gauges, pluviographs at meteorological stations, and for large areas - with the help of radar.

Precipitation classification

Precipitation falling on the earth's surface

Heavy rainfall- are characterized by monotony of precipitation without significant fluctuations in intensity. Start and stop gradually. The duration of continuous precipitation is usually several hours (and sometimes 1-2 days), but in some cases, light precipitation can last half an hour or an hour. They usually fall out of nimbostratus or altostratus clouds; at the same time, in most cases, the cloudiness is continuous (10 points) and only occasionally significant (7-9 points, usually at the beginning or end of the precipitation period). Sometimes weak short-term (half an hour to an hour) general precipitation is observed from stratus, stratocumulus, altocumulus clouds, while the number of clouds is 7-10 points. In frosty weather (air temperature below -10 ... -15 °), light snow can fall from a cloudy sky.

Rain- liquid precipitation in the form of droplets with a diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm. Separate raindrops leave a trace in the form of a diverging circle on the surface of the water, and in the form of a wet spot on the surface of dry objects.

supercooled rain- liquid precipitation in the form of drops with a diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm, falling out at negative air temperatures (most often 0 ... -10 °, sometimes up to -15 °) - falling on objects, the drops freeze and ice forms.

freezing rain- solid precipitation falling at negative air temperature (most often 0 ... -10 °, sometimes up to -15 °) in the form of solid transparent ice balls with a diameter of 1-3 mm. There is unfrozen water inside the balls - falling on objects, the balls break into shells, water flows out and ice forms.

Snow- solid precipitation falling (most often at negative air temperatures) in the form of snow crystals (snowflakes) or flakes. With light snow, horizontal visibility (if there are no other phenomena - haze, fog, etc.) is 4-10 km, with moderate 1-3 km, with heavy snow - less than 1000 m (at the same time, snowfall intensifies gradually, so that visibility values ​​of 1-2 km or less are observed no earlier than an hour after the start of snowfall). In frosty weather (air temperature below -10 ... -15 °), light snow can fall from a cloudy sky. Separately, the phenomenon of wet snow is noted - mixed precipitation that falls at a positive air temperature in the form of flakes of melting snow.

Rain with snow- mixed precipitation falling (most often at positive air temperature) in the form of a mixture of drops and snowflakes. If rain with snow falls at a negative air temperature, particles of precipitation freeze on objects and ice forms.

Drizzling precipitation- characterized by low intensity, monotony of precipitation without changing the intensity; start and stop gradually. The duration of continuous precipitation is usually several hours (and sometimes 1-2 days). Fall out of stratus clouds or fog; at the same time, in most cases, the cloudiness is continuous (10 points) and only occasionally significant (7-9 points, usually at the beginning or end of the precipitation period). Often accompanied by a deterioration in visibility (haze, fog).

drizzle- liquid precipitation in the form of very small drops (less than 0.5 mm in diameter), as if floating in the air. A dry surface gets wet slowly and evenly. Settling on the surface of the water does not form diverging circles on it.

supercooled drizzle- liquid precipitation in the form of very small drops (less than 0.5 mm in diameter), as if floating in the air, falling out at negative air temperature (most often 0 ... -10 °, sometimes up to -15 °) - settling on objects, drops freeze and form ice.

snow grains- solid precipitation in the form of small opaque white particles (sticks, grains, grains) with a diameter of less than 2 mm, falling out at negative air temperatures.

heavy rainfall- characterized by the suddenness of the beginning and end of the fallout, a sharp change in intensity. The duration of continuous fallout is usually from several minutes to 1-2 hours (sometimes several hours, in the tropics - up to 1-2 days). Often accompanied by a thunderstorm and a short-term increase in wind (squall). They fall out of cumulonimbus clouds, while the amount of clouds can be both significant (7-10 points) and small (4-6 points, and in some cases even 2-3 points). The main sign of rain showers is not their high intensity (rain showers can be weak), but the very fact of falling out of convective (most often cumulonimbus) clouds, which determines the fluctuations in precipitation intensity. In hot weather, light showers can fall from powerful cumulus, and sometimes (very light showers) even from medium cumulus.

torrential rain- torrential rain.

shower snow- heavy snow. It is characterized by sharp fluctuations in horizontal visibility from 6-10 km to 2-4 km (and sometimes up to 500-1000 m, in some cases even 100-200 m) over a period of time from several minutes to half an hour (snow "charges").

Heavy rain with snow- Mixed precipitation of a shower character, falling out (most often at positive air temperature) in the form of a mixture of drops and snowflakes. If heavy rain with snow falls at a negative air temperature, particles of precipitation freeze on objects and ice forms.

snow grits- solid precipitation of a shower character, falling out at an air temperature of about zero ° and having the form of opaque white grains with a diameter of 2-5 mm; grains are fragile, easily crushed by fingers. It often falls before or at the same time as heavy snow.

ice grits- solid precipitation of a shower character, falling at an air temperature of -5 to +10 ° in the form of transparent (or translucent) ice grains with a diameter of 1-3 mm; in the center of the grains is an opaque core. The grains are quite hard (they are crushed with fingers with some effort), and when they fall on a hard surface, they bounce off. In some cases, the grains can be covered with a water film (or fall out together with water droplets), and if the air temperature is below zero °, then falling on objects, the grains freeze and ice forms.

hail- solid precipitation that falls in the warm season (at an air temperature above +10 °) in the form of pieces of ice of various shapes and sizes: usually the diameter of the hailstones is 2-5 mm, but in some cases individual hailstones reach the size of a pigeon and even a chicken egg ( then hail causes significant damage to vegetation, car surfaces, breaks window panes, etc.). The duration of the hail is usually small - from 1-2 to 10-20 minutes. In most cases, hail is accompanied by heavy rain and thunderstorms.

Unclassified precipitation

ice needles- solid precipitation in the form of tiny ice crystals floating in the air, formed in frosty weather (air temperature below -10 ... -15 °). During the day they sparkle in the light of the rays of the sun, at night - in the rays of the moon or in the light of lanterns. Quite often, ice needles form beautiful luminous "pillars" at night, going from the lanterns up into the sky. They are observed most often in clear or slightly cloudy skies, sometimes they fall out of cirrostratus or cirrus clouds. ice needles

Precipitation formed on the surface of the earth and on the metah

Dew- water droplets formed on the surface of the earth, plants, objects, roofs of buildings and cars as a result of the condensation of water vapor contained in the air at positive air and soil temperatures, cloudy skies and light winds. Most often observed at night and early morning hours, may be accompanied by haze or fog. Abundant dew can cause measurable precipitation (up to 0.5 mm per night), runoff to the ground from rooftops.

Frost- a white crystalline precipitate that forms on the surface of the earth, grass, objects, roofs of buildings and cars, snow cover as a result of sublimation of water vapor contained in the air at negative soil temperatures, cloudy skies and light winds. It is observed in the evening, night and morning hours, may be accompanied by haze or fog. In fact, this is an analogue of dew, formed at a negative temperature. On the branches of trees, wires, frost is deposited weakly (unlike frost) - on the wire of an icing machine (diameter 5 mm), the thickness of frost deposition does not exceed 3 mm.

Crystal frost- a white crystalline precipitate, consisting of small fine-structured shiny particles of ice, formed as a result of sublimation of water vapor contained in the air on tree branches and wires in the form of fluffy garlands (easily crumbling when shaken). It is observed in slightly cloudy (clear, or clouds of the upper and middle tiers, or broken-stratified) frosty weather (air temperature is below -10 ... -15 °), with haze or fog (and sometimes without them) with light wind or calm. Hoarfrost usually occurs within a few hours at night, during the day it gradually crumbles under the influence of sunlight, but in cloudy weather and in shade it can persist throughout the day. On the surface of objects, roofs of buildings and cars, frost is deposited very weakly (unlike hoarfrost). However, frost is often accompanied by frost.

grainy frost- white loose snow-like sediment formed as a result of the settling of small droplets of supercooled fog on tree branches and wires in cloudy foggy weather (at any time of the day) at air temperatures from zero to -10 ° and moderate or strong wind. When the fog droplets become larger, it can turn into ice, and when the air temperature drops, combined with a weakening of the wind and a decrease in the amount of cloudiness at night, it can turn into crystalline frost. The growth of granular frost lasts as long as the fog and wind last (usually several hours, and sometimes several days). Preservation of the deposited granular hoarfrost can last several days.

ice- a layer of dense vitreous ice (smooth or slightly bumpy) formed on plants, wires, objects, the earth's surface as a result of freezing of precipitation particles (supercooled drizzle, supercooled rain, freezing rain, ice pellets, sometimes rain with snow) in contact with the surface, having a negative temperature. It is observed at air temperatures most often from zero to −10° (sometimes up to −15°), and during a sharp warming (when the earth and objects still maintain a negative temperature) - at an air temperature of 0 ... + 3°. It greatly complicates the movement of people, animals, vehicles, can lead to wire breaks and breaking of tree branches (and sometimes to a massive fall of trees and power line masts). The growth of ice continues as long as supercooled precipitation lasts (usually several hours, and sometimes with drizzle and fog - several days). Preservation of the deposited ice can last several days.

black ice- a layer of hilly ice or icy snow, formed on the surface of the earth due to freezing of melt water, when, after a thaw, the temperature of the air and soil decreases (transition to negative temperature values). Unlike ice, ice is observed only on the earth's surface, most often on roads, sidewalks and paths. Preservation of the formed sleet can last for many days in a row, until it is covered from above with a freshly fallen snow cover or completely melts as a result of an intensive increase in air and soil temperatures.

Precipitation

Precipitation

water in a liquid or solid state that falls from clouds or is deposited from the air on the earth's surface. Precipitation brings to the surface of the land all the water involved in the processes of water exchange (with the exception of certain areas where water comes from underground sources or through watercourses - but it was also previously brought to land by precipitation). Most of the precipitation ( rain, drizzle, snow, snowy and icy grits, hail, freezing rain, etc.) falls out of clouds. Released directly from the air dew, frost, hard coating, frost etc. Precipitation is measured in the thickness of the water layer (usually expressed in millimeters) that has fallen in a unit of time. For various purposes, precipitation data for an hour, day, month, year, etc. is used. Usually, the amount of precipitation for a short period of time (s, min, h) is also called precipitation intensity. On Wednesday. approx. 1000 mm, minimum in tropical deserts (Atacama in Chile, some regions of the Sahara, etc.) - no more than 10 mm per year (often there is no precipitation at all for several years in a row) and a maximum in the monsoon region in the foothills Himalayas (Cherrapunji) - cf. OK. 11 thousand mm per year (the maximum precipitation for the year that fell there is more than 20 thousand mm). The largest recorded amount of precipitation per day (1870 mm) fell in the form of rain on about. Reunion in the Indian Ocean in March 1952 during the passage of a tropical cyclone. An excess of precipitation over several hours or days leads to floods, landslides, mudflows and other disasters, and a shortage for several weeks or the first months - to drought.

Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .


Synonyms:

See what "precipitation" is in other dictionaries:

    Precipitation, in meteorology, all forms of water, liquid or solid, that fall from the atmosphere onto the earth. Precipitation differs from CLOUD, FOG, DEW and FROST in that it falls and reaches the ground. Includes rain, drizzle, SNOW and hail. Measured by layer thickness ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

    Modern Encyclopedia

    Atmospheric water in a liquid or solid state (rain, snow, grains, ground-based hydrometeors, etc.), falling out of clouds or deposited from the air on the earth's surface and on objects. Precipitation is measured by the thickness of the layer of fallen water in mm. AT… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

    Groats, snow, drizzle, hydrometeor, lotions, rain Dictionary of Russian synonyms. precipitation n., number of synonyms: 8 hydrometeor (6) ... Synonym dictionary

    Precipitation- atmospheric, see Hydrometeors. Ecological encyclopedic dictionary. Chisinau: Main edition of the Moldavian Soviet Encyclopedia. I.I. Grandpa. 1989. Precipitation water coming from the atmosphere to the earth's surface (in liquid or solid ... Ecological dictionary

    Precipitation- atmospheric, water in a liquid or solid state, falling out of clouds (rain, snow, grain, hail) or deposited on the earth's surface and objects (dew, frost, hoarfrost) as a result of condensation of water vapor in the air. Precipitation is measured ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

    In geology, loose formations deposited in a suitable environment as a result of physical, chemical and biological processes ... Geological terms

    PRECIPITATION, ov. Atmospheric moisture that falls to the ground in the form of rain or snow. Abundant, weak o. No precipitation today (no rain, no snow). | adj. sedimentary, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

    - (meteor.). This name is used to denote the moisture that falls on the surface of the earth, being isolated from the air or from the soil in liquid or solid form. This release of moisture occurs every time water vapor is constantly ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

    1) atmospheric water in a liquid or solid state, falling out of clouds or deposited from the air on the surface of the earth and on objects. O. falls out of the clouds in the form of rain, drizzle, snow, sleet, snow and ice pellets, snow grains, ... ... Emergencies Dictionary

    PRECIPITATION- meteorological, liquid and solid bodies released from the air onto the surface of the soil and solid objects due to the condensation of water vapor contained in the atmosphere. If O. fall from a certain height, then hail and snow are obtained for rain; if they… … Big Medical Encyclopedia

Books

  • Precipitation and thunderstorms from December 1870 to November 1871, A. Voeikov. Reproduced in the original author's spelling of the 1875 edition (publishing house `St. Petersburg`). AT…