Construction schedule example. Calendar charts in Excel (Gantt chart). Adding a start date and due date

Planning is considered an important component of effective project management. The schedule, the main element of planning, visually represents the time frame for completion, sequence, degree of importance and other characteristics of work.

A well-designed calendar schedule allows you to effectively plan and implement a project due to the coordination of the actions of the performers and compliance with deadlines.

Main types calendar schedules

Depending on the scope and scale of projects, the following types of calendar schedules are distinguished:

The summary table displays the order of project tasks, start and completion dates, and the duration of each stage.
The object schedule shows the timing of each stage of the plan, broken down by days or months.
The work schedule is prepared for a short period of time during the project implementation process and is an element of operational management.
Time schedules (hourly or minute) are usually prepared by technical map developers. Focused on standard external factors, such schedules require numerous amendments during project implementation.

Levels of calendar charts

When scheduling, a system of distributing schedules by level is used. Usually 4 levels of charts are used. (project manager)

Level 1 schedule:

The first level includes general, non-detailed project plans. Enlarged plans are developed first when starting a new project. Data for schedules is collected during negotiations with the customer; often he has his own key indicators for project dates, stages and final goals. By collecting this data, you can form a general roadmap. Only important key events are included in it. The roadmap is updated depending on the overall duration of the project; if the duration of your project is five years, then it is enough to update the first level schedule once a year. If there are many key milestones in the roadmap, then it is necessary to determine the update period so that at least one key event falls into it. The roadmap can be developed by both the Customer and the Contractor, but in general this responsibility lies with the Customer.

Calendar schedule2nd level:

After the project roadmap has been agreed upon and approved, the stage of detailing to certain stages begins. Basically, the second level schedule is an annex to the agreement between the Customer and the Contractor. The development of a second-level schedule is also the responsibility of the Customer, and is submitted to the Contractor for approval; often the stage schedule is developed by the Contractor based on its resource capabilities. In the second level plan, no special detail is needed; it is enough to follow the sequence of project implementation and generally determine the scope of work for the project. Updated along with the roadmap.

Calendar schedule3rd level:

After concluding the contract, the Contractor prepares a detailed work schedule for the project with a more detailed description of the work within the stage. Those. The general stages of the second level schedule are detailed by type of work. The duration of work is from 2 weeks to a month, depending on the total duration of the project. If the plan is less than a year, then the detailing ends there. Although everything depends on the agreements with the Customer.

Calendar schedule4th level

Designated as weekly-daily planning. Updating the plan every day, two days, a week, depending on control needs. The most labor-intensive, costly and accurate method of project control. The updated information from the fourth level graph rises up the hierarchy, and based on this information, all upper graphs are updated. Changes at this level can lead to recalculation of the entire plan and to re-coordination of implementation deadlines down to the roadmap.

The procedure for developing a calendar schedule

Creating a calendar schedule contains the following steps:

Preparation of a detailed list of all necessary tasks for the project, determining their scope.
Development of WBS, that is, a visual representation of the plan in the form of hierarchical interconnected blocks.
Selection of methods and technologies used in the implementation of the plan. Calculation of the labor intensity of completing project tasks.
Determining the composition of project teams. Development of a network diagram that clearly represents the sequence of execution of all tasks.
Preparation of data on the duration and possibility of parallel work - development of a Gantt chart.
Comparison of the estimated duration of work with the standard, making appropriate adjustments.
Development of schedules for resource requirements (personnel, equipment, materials).
Calculation of labor costs.

Typically, the project schedule is developed by the project manager, who, if necessary, consults with the experts involved.

Schedule preparation software

The use of special programs allows you to quickly respond to deviations that arise during the implementation of projects.

One of the most popular universal project scheduling tools is the Microsoft Project program. Using MS Project allows you to build a Gantt Chart, assign the required resources to tasks, determine the time frame for the project and its budget. A schedule made in Project visually displays the workload of staff with certain tasks.

The scheduling software product Primavera is used mainly in large-scale projects with increased complexity, in particular in the engineering and construction industries.

The work schedule is the main operational document for the implementation of all construction work at the site. Construction of a work schedule allows you to establish the sequence of work, duration and mutual coordination in the work of individual parts of workers. When constructing a schedule, it is necessary to strive to reduce the duration of work by increasing shifts and combining certain types of work in time, without violating safety requirements.

When filling out the columns of the calendar plan (schedule) for the production of work, the name of the work is written in column No. 1. Moreover, if the calculation provides for a separate determination of the labor intensity of the work, for example, when the excavator is working freely and with loading into vehicles, then the value of the total labor intensity is set here, since the excavator performs these operations as needed in a single flow of work on digging a pit.

When filling out column No. 3, the values of the volume of work are entered from the calculation, which, if necessary, are summarized taking into account the name of the work in column No. 1. Similarly, the summary value of labor costs is transferred from the calculation to column No. 4, which must first be converted into man-days . according to formula (7.3).

When developing calendar plans, the initial parameter is set to the target value of the deadline for completing the entire set of works. The specified period for the completion of work allows you to determine the required number of shifts per day (column No. 8), which is assumed to be 1-2 shifts.

It is recommended to assign the duration of each type of work as a multiple of a shift or 0.5 shifts. To do this, it is allowed to round off the values of labor costs (column No. 4) with the percentage of compliance with standards not exceeding the PO values - 125%. The final value of the duration of work (column No. 7) is assigned by dividing the rounded value by the accepted number of shifts and the number of workers employed in this work. The standard time in ENiR is given taking into account the numerical composition of the level of workers employed in this work. If the number of shifts cannot ensure the completion of work within the specified time frame, then you can increase the required number of units (the number of workers per shift (column No. 9)).

The calendar schedule must reflect the accepted technological scheme of work processes, linking technological operations and work methods in time. The schedule should provide for the possibility of combining operations, the transition of units or teams from one job to another and increasing labor productivity for a given unit. When establishing the order of execution of processes and operations, it is necessary to be guided by the following provisions:

a) a specified period for the completion of work;

b) maintain a rational technological sequence
performing operations;

c) strive for the possible combination of the implementation of individual iterations;

d) maintain equal flow of work.

The duration of individual operations in a flow is determined based on the previously calculated need for mechanisms and labor intensity for individual processes.

When developing the right side of the work schedule (column No. 11), it is necessary to observe a strict sequence in the graphic representation of the processes being performed. Processes are graphically displayed in the form of lines (as one line when working in 1 shift; in the form of two parallel lines when working in 2 shifts), and the length of the lines must correspond to the duration of this type of work in days.

If several types of excavation work are performed in one stream at the same time period (for example, with the development of soil in an excavation and moving it into an embankment, three more types of work are performed simultaneously, but periodically: loosening the soil, leveling the soil in the embankment and rolling the soil in the embankment), they are shown with dotted lines, but with an earlier (later) start and end of work in relation to the main work “excavation of the soil in the excavation and movement into the embankment.”

In accordance with the calendar plan for the production of work, a schedule of changes in the number of workers and a schedule of movement of the main machines and mechanisms are drawn up, which depict the daily output of workers to work, as well as the work of the involved machines and mechanisms.

Example:

Column 1 – write down the name of the work.

Columns 2, 3, 4 are transferred from the calculation.

Columns 5 and 6 – in accordance with the selected set of machines.

Columns 7, 8 – labor costs from the calculation are converted from person-hour (machine-hour) to person-day (machine-cm) by dividing by 8.

Column 9 – select the number of shifts per day.

Column 10 - duration, is obtained by dividing labor costs (column 7) by the number of shifts per day (column 9).

Column 11 – duration of work in days, obtained by dividing the duration in shifts (column 10) by the number of shifts (column 9).

FOR EXAMPLE:

Table 14. Work production schedule.

Name of works

Scope of work

Composition of the brigade (link)

Required machines

Labor costs

Number of shifts per day

Duration of work

Work days

Unit.

Qty

Brand

Qty

h.day

m.cm.

shifts

days

Vertical layout of the site (summer period)

Cutting the vegetation layer with a bulldozer

1000m 2

270,75

Machinist 6th

DZ-25

16,2

8,1

4,05

Development and movement of soil with a scraper

100m 3

9,97

Tractor driver 6th

DZ-20

3,9

1,95

Compacting the soil with a roller

100m 3

10,57

Tractor driver 6th

DZ-39A

1,42

0,71

Final leveling of the site with a bulldozer

1000m 2

270,75

Machinist 6th

DZ-25

6,77

3,38

1,69

Pit development (winter)

Loosening frozen soil with a bar machine	100m.p.	25,92	Machinist 6th	KMP-3		13,9	13,9	13,9	6,95
Development of frozen soil with a single-bucket excavator (backhoe)	100m 3	6,62	Machinist 6th	EO-3322B		2,89	2,89	2,89	2,89
Also not frozen ground	6,78	2,03	2,03	2,03	2,03
Transportation of soil by dump trucks	1 t		Machinist 6th	Kraz-256
From the pits			8,49	8,49		1,70	1,70
For the sand cushion	48,93		0,2	0,2		0,2	0,2
For backfill	2036,37		7,64	7,64		1,91	1,91
Layout of the pit bottom (installation of a sand cushion)	1t	48,93	Excavator 2nd	-		21,41	-	5,35	2,68
Backfilling soil with a bulldozer	100m 3	12,05	Machinist 6th	DZ-25		0,34	0,34	0,34	0,34
Compacting backfill soil with electric rammers	100m 3	3,01	Excavator 3rd	IE-4502		0,72	-	0,72	0,72
Compacting backfill soil with a roller	100m 3	9,03	Tractor driver 6th	DZ-39A		1,22	1,22	1,22	1,22
Construction of foundations (winter)
Manual installation of metal formwork	1m 2	249,6	Mechanic 4th and 3rd	-		12,17	-	6,09	3,04
Manual installation of meshes and reinforcement frames in formwork	1 frame		Fitter 3rd and 2nd	-		2,1	-	1,05	0,5
1 grid		11,6	5,8	2,9
Laying concrete mixture with a crane	1m 3	59,7	Concrete worker 4th and 2nd	-		3,13	-	1,57	1,57
Dismantling metal formwork manually	1m 2	249,6	Mechanic 4th and 3rd	-		6,55	-	3,28	1,64

Method 1. Fast - use conditional formatting

Using conditional formatting, we can force Excel to fill a cell with any selected color if its date falls between the start and end of the stage. The easiest way to do this is to use a logical function AND , which in this case checks whether both conditions are met (January 5th is later than the 4th and earlier than the 8th):

An example of such a diagram can be taken

Method 2. Long, but familiar - use a diagram

So, we have a table listing the stages of the project, the start and end dates and the duration of each stage:

The task is to build a calendar chart using standard tools, as in the figure:

Let's go, step by step:

Let's select the source data for the chart - range A2:B13 and select from the menuInsert - Diagram, type - Linear with accumulation:

On the Row tab, click the Add button , place the cursor in the field Values and select cells with stage durations ( C2:C13 ):

Click the Next button and on the third step of the Wizard on the tab Legend uncheck Add legend. That's it - click Finish . It should look something like this:

Don’t be alarmed - everything is going according to plan - you just need to “bring it to mind” our diagram. To do this, right-click on the vertical axis with the names of the stages and select from the context menu Axis format:

On the Scale tab in the window that opens, put two checkboxes -Reverse category order And Y-intercept in maximum category. Click OK. Now let's get rid of the blue columns. Double-click on any of them and in the window that opens, select an invisible frame and a transparent fill. It should look like this:

Already seems like the truth, right? All that remains is to correctly configure the range of data displayed on the chart. To do this, you need to find out the real contents of the cells from which the timeline begins and ends (yellow and green cells in the table). The fact is that Excel only displays a date in a cell as day-month-year, but in fact stores any date in a cell as the number of days that have passed from 1/1/1900 to the current date. Select the yellow and green cells and try to set the General format for them one by one (menu Format - Cells). The result will be 38350 and 38427, respectively. Let's add three more days to the end date - we get 38340. Remember these numbers.

All that remains is to right-click on the horizontal time axis and select Axis format and enter these numbers into the tab Scale:

After clicking OK the diagram will take the required form:

All that’s left to do is to “bring the shine” - adjust the colors, fonts, axis labels, etc. - I think you can handle this without my advice... :)

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Instructions

The work schedule must be drawn up regardless of the type of work being performed - be it scientific development or, especially, construction or production work. Determine the scope of work and calculate the time required to complete each type of work, taking into account approved standards or unified documentation - construction or other norms and regulations.

Calculate the deadline for completing the entire scope of work, taking into account the timing of each type of work and their sequence, taking into account existing technologies and methods that you are going to use in production. Consider the possibility of combining several types of work in one calendar period.

For each stage, determine the required number of labor resources, their qualifications, the composition of teams and units, and their work schedule. Calculate the materials required to perform the work of the equipment and driving mechanisms. Calculate the delivery schedule for materials and components in accordance with the work schedule. If there are technological maps for certain processes, make a connection to local conditions in order to more accurately determine the timing. Your main task is to ensure smooth operation. Only in this case does planning make practical sense.

Determine the start and completion dates for this object, break it down into stages and set a deadline for each. For ease of control and the ability to make quick adjustments that may be required during the course of project work, use simplified planning methods and draw up schedule plans for each stage. They can be compiled in several versions, so that if external conditions change or force majeure occurs, you are ready to use another, backup option and not waste time developing it.

Video on the topic

Sources:

Create a work schedule

The construction schedule is a step-by-step plan for completing a given amount of work within a certain time frame. Thanks to proper planning, it is possible to complete the work on time and without exceeding the budget.

You will need

Excel or paper and pen

Instructions

Based on the scope of work, determine the deadlines for each stage. It is necessary to take into account state-approved standards. They are specified in standard documents - building codes and regulations.

From the requirements put forward by the customer for the facility, determine what technologies and methods you are going to use for the project. Calculate the total time to complete the work. It is possible that the construction technology you choose will allow you to combine several stages of work in one calendar period. Create a calendar plan in Excel spreadsheets.

For each type of work, calculate the necessary material and intangible resources. Namely: the composition of teams and units, the number of hours required for each type of work, materials and equipment. Based on technological requirements and labor legislation, it is necessary to correlate production processes with the supply of materials. The purpose of such planning is to speed up production as much as possible while minimizing costs and downtime.

Almost all people perceive information better “drawn” than “heard”. And it’s even better if this information is presented in images, rather than a series of numbers and indicators. Imagine that a stranger is talking about his dog. He does not describe her appearance and pedigree, does not specify color and age, etc. The imagination of each listener will draw its own image. And when we already imagine a handsome Great Dane, it turns out that we were told about a lovely pug. In this situation, we will laugh, but when faced with something similar at the enterprise, it will no longer be a laughing matter.

Therefore, in production everyone tries to visualize as much as possible. One of the most important documents, especially in construction, is the work schedule. We can safely say that the entire project without this schedule is wasted time. Since it contains all the adopted engineering and technical decisions, and also optimizes the timing.

What is a calendar plan?

The very name of this document gives an idea of its importance and significance. The calendar schedule for the production of work is a table that displays all of its volume and deadlines. In addition, the graph clearly shows the sequence of work performed, tied to specific dates (or simply the duration of various types of work - for typical projects). Most often, this document also contains information about the resources required at each stage of construction: basic materials, equipment and personnel.

The ability to draw up a work schedule is one of the most important skills for managers at various levels. The more accurate and detailed the schedule is, the better all planned work will be carried out. Despite the fact that construction is considered the “native” branch of work scheduling, managers of all areas would benefit from knowing the principles

Where to begin

Any job can be broken down into small tasks. The simplest example is preparing a salad from fresh vegetables. What would seem simpler? But this elementary task can be divided into a sequence of actions. First, purchase all the ingredients, then wash them, cut them and mix them, seasoning them with sauce. Moreover, all actions can be separated in time (breaks in work appear), or they can be done sequentially, without breaks in time. In addition, all this can be done by one person, or maybe a whole team of cooks. So, there is a sequence of actions. It remains to calculate the completion time of each stage and determine how many and what kind of personnel are needed for this work. And our work schedule is almost ready.

Regardless of the industry, when planning, you first need to highlight the scope of work: break the entire process into components. Moreover, the criteria can be not only technological differences, but also the number of workers, and the necessary mechanisms and devices, etc.

Deadlines

After dividing everything into a sequence of actions, you can begin to calculate the deadlines for completing the work. For production and construction, there are regulations and standards by which specific deadlines are calculated for a given amount of work. For mental work, it is impossible to calculate the deadlines for completing work using a formula. But a manager with extensive experience, who has information about his staff, can quite clearly set a time frame for solving the task.

Knowing the deadlines for completing each type of work, we can begin to determine the time required to complete the entire process. It should be remembered that some tasks can be solved in parallel, and certain processes require technological breaks.

Resource calculation

Of course, personnel are the most important element of the process. The construction work schedule involves determining the number of performers, the specialization of workers and their qualifications. At this stage, we calculate the number and composition of teams and draw up a calendar plan for their employment at the site.

Next, we move on to determining the necessary equipment, mechanisms and devices. There are also regulations for this in manufacturing industries. And finally, last but not least important is the calculation of the materials required for the work.

Calculation of delivery times for materials

All this information will allow you to combine the work schedule with the delivery schedule of materials and equipment. Uniformity and continuity are the two basic principles of planning. Optimizing the schedule in the direction of reducing deadlines may not give the desired result, because there will be downtime in the work due to a lack of materials (or, conversely, the construction site will be literally clogged with them, and therefore it will take a lot of time to find what is needed at the moment).

Force majeure increases the deadlines for completing work

Another important detail is that when drawing up a work plan, it is necessary to provide for possible risks. For construction, this could be anything from bad weather to heavy traffic on the roads. Taking into account force majeure circumstances, it is necessary to slightly increase the deadlines for completing certain types of work. Most often, this also affects the duration of the entire volume.

Despite this, planners should not strive to minimize time. After all, when work is disrupted, the general contractor will have to pay a penalty to both the customer and related contractors.

Automation of plotting

Just a few years ago, the calendar plan was compiled manually. The specialists calculated all the deadlines and the need for personnel and materials, and then visualized it with the help. For small volumes of work, this is an easy task. It’s a different matter if we are talking about a serious contracting organization managing several projects at the same time.

Programmers develop many auxiliary programs designed to automatically calculate and build a work schedule. A sample schedule calculated using Microsoft Office Project 2010 Professional, for example, can be easily found on the Internet. However, not every company will agree to spend additional funds on installing software and training staff to work with it. In addition, each specialized program has its own disadvantages. One does not take into account the possibility of shift work, the other, without writing macros, does not agree with the calculation of materials, for example, etc.

Therefore, most specialists involved in planning have learned to build a work schedule in Excel.

This program has many advantages:

It's free. In the sense that Excel is part of the standard MS Office package, which is unconditionally installed on almost every computer.
It's simple. Having minimal knowledge about calculating formulas and linking sheets to each other, you can do planning.
It's visual. All calculations and results are displayed on one sheet. And making changes is immediately displayed on the graph.