Map of america and europe. Europe map with countries large in Russian

Europe is part of the Eurasian continent. This part of the world is home to 10% of the world's population. Europe owes its name to the heroine of ancient Greek mythology. Europe is washed by the seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Inland seas - Black, Mediterranean, Marmara. The eastern and southeastern border of Europe runs along the Ural Range, the Emba River and the Caspian Sea.

In ancient Greece, it was believed that Europe is a separate continent that separates the Black and Aegean Seas from Asia, and the Mediterranean Sea from Africa. Later it was found that Europe is only part of a huge mainland. The area of the islands that make up the continent is 730 thousand square kilometers. 1/4 of the territory of Europe falls on the peninsulas - the Apennine, Balkan, Kola, Scandinavian and others.

The highest point in Europe is the top of Mount Elbrus, which is 5642 meters above sea level. On the map of Europe with cities, it can be seen that the largest lakes in the region are Geneva, Peipus, Onega, Ladoga and Balaton.

All European countries are divided into 4 regions - Northern, Southern, Western and Eastern. Europe includes 65 countries. 50 countries are independent states, 9 are dependent and 6 are unrecognized republics. Fourteen states are islands, 19 are inland, and 32 countries have access to the oceans and seas. The map of Europe in Russian shows the borders of all European states. Three states have their own territories, both in Europe and in Asia. These are Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. Spain, Portugal and France have part of their territory in Africa. Denmark and France have their territories in America.

The European Union consists of 27 countries, and NATO members - 25. The Council of Europe has 47 states. The smallest state in Europe is the Vatican, and the largest is Russia.

The collapse of the Roman Empire marked the beginning of the division of Europe into East and West. Eastern Europe is the largest region of the continent. In the Slavic countries, the Orthodox religion prevails, in the rest - Catholicism. Cyrillic and Latin scripts are used. Western Europe unites Latin-speaking states. This part of the continent is the most economically developed part in the world. The Scandinavian and Baltic states unite to form Northern Europe. South Slavic, Greek and Romance countries form Southern Europe.

Detailed map of Europe in Russian with countries and capitals. Satellite map of European states and capitals. Europe on Google Map:

- (Political map of Europe in Russian).

- (Physical map of Europe with countries in English).

- (Geographic map of Europe in Russian).

Europe - Wikipedia:

Territory of Europe- 10.18 million km²
European population- 742.5 million people
Population density in Europe- 72.5 people/km²

The largest cities in Europe - a list of the largest cities in Europe with a population of more than 500 thousand people:

Moscow city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 12,506,468 people.
City of London located in the country: United Kingdom. The population of the city is 8,673,713 people.
City of Istanbul located in the country: Turkey. The population of the city is 8,156,696 people.
City of St. Petersburg located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 5,351,935 people.
City of Berlin located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 3,520,031 people.
City of Madrid located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 3,165,541 people.
City Kyiv located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 2,925,760 people.
City of Rome located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 2,873,598 people.
City of Paris located in the country: France. The population of the city is 2,243,739 people.
Minsk city located in the country: Belarus. The population of the city is 1,974,819 people.
City of Bucharest located in the country: Romania. The population of the city is 1,883,425 people.
City of Vienna located in the country: Austria. The population of the city is 1,840,573 people.
City of Hamburg located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 1,803,752 people.
City of Budapest located in the country: Hungary. The population of the city is 1,759,407 people.
City of Warsaw located in the country: Poland. The population of the city is 1,744,351 people.
City of Barcelona located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 1,608,680 people.
City of Munich located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 1,450,381 people.
Kharkiv city located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 1,439,036 people.
City of Milan located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 1,368,590 people.
City of Prague located in the country: Czech Republic. The population of the city is 1,290,211 people.
City of Sofia located in the country: Bulgaria. The population of the city is 1,270,284 people.
City of Nizhny Novgorod located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,264,075 people.
City of Kazan located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,243,500 people.
City of Belgrade located in the country: Serbia. The population of the city is 1,213,000 people.
Samara city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,169,719 people.
City of Brussels located in the country: Belgium. The population of the city is 1,125,728 people.
Rostov-on-Don located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,125,299 people.
City Ufa located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,115,560 people.
City of Perm located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,048,005 people.
Voronezh city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,039,801 people.
City of Birmingham located in the country: United Kingdom. The population of the city is 1,028,701 people.
City of Volgograd located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,015,586 people.
The city of Odessa located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 1,010,783 people.
City of Cologne located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 1,007,119 people.
City Dnipro located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 976,525 people.
City of Naples located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 959,574 people.
Donetsk city located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 927,201 people.
City of Turin located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 890,529 people.
City of Marseille located in the country: France. The population of the city is 866,644 people.
City of Stockholm located in the country: Sweden. The population of the city is 847,073 people.
Saratov city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 845,300 people.
City of Valencia located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 809,267 people.
City of Leeds located in the country: United Kingdom. The population of the city is 787,700 people.
City of Amsterdam located in the country: Netherlands. The population of the city is 779,808 people.
City of Krakow located in the country: Poland. The population of the city is 755,546 people.
City of Zaporozhye located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 750,685 people.
City of Lodz located in the country: Poland. The population of the city is 739,832 people.
City of Lviv located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 727,968 people.
City of Togliatti located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 710,567 people.
City of Seville located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 704,198 people.
City of Zagreb located in the country: Croatia. The population of the city is 686,568 people.
City of Frankfurt located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 679,664 people.
City of Zaragoza located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 675,121 people.
City of Chisinau located in the country: Moldova. The population of the city is 664,700 people.
City of Palermo located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 655,875 people.
City of Athens located in the country: Greece. The population of the city is 655,780 people.
City of Izhevsk located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 646,277 people.
City of Riga located in the country: Latvia. The population of the city is 641,423 people.
City of Krivoy Rog located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 636,294 people.
City of Wroclaw located in the country: Poland. The population of the city is 632,561 people.
City of Ulyanovsk located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 624,518 people.
City of Rotterdam located in the country: Netherlands. The population of the city is 610,386 people.
City of Yaroslavl located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 608,079 people.
City of Genoa located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 607,906 people.
City of Stuttgart located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 606,588 people.
City of Oslo located in the country: Norway. The population of the city is 599,230 people.
City of Dusseldorf located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 588,735 people.
City of Helsinki located in the country: Finland. The population of the city is 588,549 people.
City of Glasgow located in the country: United Kingdom. The population of the city is 584,240 people.
City of Dortmund located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 580,444 people.
City of Essen located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 574,635 people.
City of Malaga located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 568,507 people.
Orenburg located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 564,443 people.
City of Gothenburg located in the country: Sweden. The population of the city is 556,640 people.
City of Dublin located in the country: Ireland. The population of the city is 553,165 people.
City of Poznan located in the country: Poland. The population of the city is 552,735 people.
City of Bremen located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 547,340 people.
City of Lisbon located in the country: Portugal. The population of the city is 545,245 people.
City of Vilnius located in the country: Lithuania. The population of the city is 542,942 people.
City of Copenhagen located in the country: Denmark. The population of the city is 541,989 people.
Tirana city located in the country: Albania. The population of the city is 540,000 people.
Ryazan city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 537,622 people.
City of Gomel located in the country: Belarus. The population of the city is 535,229 people.
City of Sheffield located in the country: United Kingdom. The population of the city is 534,500 people.
Astrakhan city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 532,504 people.
City of Naberezhnye Chelny located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 529,797 people.
Penza city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 523,726 people.
City of Dresden located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 523,058 people.
City of Leipzig located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 522,883 people.
City of Hannover located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 518,386 people.
City of Lyon located in the country: France. The population of the city is 514,707 people.
City of Lipetsk located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 510,439 people.
City of Kirov located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 501,468 people.

European countries - list of European countries in alphabetical order:

Austria, Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican City, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Finland, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia.

European countries and their capitals:

Austria(capital - Vienna)
Albania(capital - Tirana)
Andorra(capital - Andorra la Vella)
Belarus(capital - Minsk)
Belgium(capital - Brussels)
Bulgaria(capital - Sofia)
Bosnia and Herzegovina(capital - Sarajevo)
Vatican(capital - Vatican)
Hungary(capital - Budapest)
United Kingdom(capital London)
Germany(capital - Berlin)
Greece(capital - Athens)
Denmark(capital - Copenhagen)
Ireland(capital - Dublin)
Iceland(capital - Reykjavik)
Spain(capital - Madrid)
Italy(capital - Rome)
Latvia(capital - Riga)
Lithuania(capital - Vilnius)
Liechtenstein(capital - Vaduz)
Luxembourg(capital - Luxembourg)
Macedonia(capital - Skopje)
Malta(capital - Valletta)
Moldova(capital - Chisinau)
Monaco(capital - Monaco)
Netherlands(capital - Amsterdam)
Norway(capital - Oslo)
Poland(capital - Warsaw)
Portugal(capital - Lisbon)
Romania(capital - Bucharest)
San Marino(capital - San Marino)
Serbia(capital - Belgrade)
Slovakia(capital - Bratislava)
Slovenia(capital - Ljubljana)
Ukraine(capital - Kyiv)
Finland(capital - Helsinki)
France(capital - Paris)
Montenegro(capital - Podgorica)
Czech Republic(capital - Prague)
Croatia(capital - Zagreb)
Switzerland(capital - Bern)
Sweden(capital - Stockholm)
Estonia(capital - Tallinn)

Europe- one of the parts of the world, which, together with Asia, forms a single continent Eurasia. Europe consists of 45 states, most of which are officially recognized by the UN as independent countries. In total, 740 million people live in Europe.

Europe is the cradle of many civilizations, the keeper of the most ancient monuments. In addition, many European countries have numerous beach summer resorts, some of the best in the world. From the list of 7 wonders of the world, most of them are located in Europe. These are the Temple of Artemis, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Statue of Zeus, and others. Despite the growing interest in exotic travel among tourists, the sights of Europe have always attracted and continue to attract history buffs.

Sights of Europe:

Ancient Greek Temple Parthenon in Athens (Greece), Ancient amphitheater Colosseum in Rome (Italy), Eiffel Tower in Paris (France), Sagrada Familia in Barcelona (Spain), Stonehenge in England, St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, Buckingham Palace in London ( England), Kremlin in Moscow (Russia), Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, Louvre Museum in Paris (France), Big Ben Tower in London (England), Sultanahmet Blue Mosque in Istanbul (Turkey), Parliament House in Budapest (Hungary), Castle Neuschwanstein in Bavaria (Germany), Old Town of Dubrovnik (Croatia), Atomium in Brussels (Belgium), Charles Bridge in Prague (Czech Republic), St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square in Moscow (Russia), Tower Bridge in London (England), Royal Palace in Madrid (Spain), Palace of Versailles in Versailles (France), Neuschwanstein Medieval Castle on a rock in the Bavarian Alps, Brandenburg Gate in Berlin (Germany), Old Town Square in Prague (Czech Republic) and others.

Foreign Europe is part of the European mainland and several islands, occupying a total area of about 5 million square meters. km. Approximately 8% of the world's population lives here. Using the map of Foreign Europe by geography, you can determine the size of this region:

from north to south, its territory occupies 5 thousand km;
from east to west, Europe stretched for almost 3 thousand km.

The region has a fairly diverse relief - there are flat and hilly areas, mountains and coastal coasts. Due to this geographical position, various climatic zones are represented on the territory of Europe. Foreign Europe is in a favorable geographical and economic position. It is conventionally divided into four areas:

western;
eastern;
northern;
southern.

Each of the regions includes about a dozen countries.

Rice. 1. Blue color on the map shows Overseas Europe

Having traveled from one end of Europe to the other, you can visit the eternal glaciers and subtropical forests.

Countries of Foreign Europe

Foreign Europe was formed by four dozen countries. There are other countries on the European mainland, but they do not belong to Foreign Europe, but are part of the CIS.

What have we learned?

Foreign Europe is a relatively small area of the European mainland, which includes 40 countries. Most of them have maritime borders, some are located on the islands. The geographical location of European countries in most cases is favorable. Foreign Europe has a connection with the whole world.

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Detailed map of Europe in Russian. Europe on the world map is a continent, which, together with Asia, is part of the Eurasia continent. The border between Asia and Europe is the Ural Mountains, Europe is separated from Africa by the Strait of Gibraltar. There are 50 countries on the territory of Europe, the total population is more than 740 million people.

Map of Europe with countries and capitals in Russian:

Large map of Europe with countries - opens in a new window. The map shows the countries of Europe, their capitals and major cities.

Europe - Wikipedia:

European population: 741 447 158 people (2016)
Europe Square: 10,180,000 sq. km.

Satellite map of Europe. Satellite map of Europe.

Satellite map of Europe in Russian online with cities and resorts, roads, streets and houses:

Sights of Europe:

What to see in Europe: Parthenon (Athens, Greece), Colosseum (Rome, Italy), Eiffel Tower (Paris, France), Edinburgh Castle (Edinburgh, Scotland), Sagrada Familia (Barcelona, Spain), Stonehenge (England), St. Peter's Basilica (Vatican) , Buckingham Palace (London, England), Moscow Kremlin (Moscow, Russia), Leaning Tower of Pisa (Pisa, Italy), Louvre Museum (Paris, France), Big Ben (London, England), Sultanahmet Blue Mosque (Istanbul, Turkey), Building Parliament of Hungary (Budapest, Hungary), Neuschwanstein Castle (Bavaria, Germany), Old Town of Dubrovnik (Dubrovnik, Croatia), Atomium (Brussels, Belgium), Charles Bridge (Prague, Czech Republic), St. Basil's Cathedral (Moscow, Russia), Tower bridge (London, England).

The largest cities in Europe:

City Istanbul- population of the city: 14377018 people Country - Turkey
City Moscow- population of the city: 12506468 people Country Russia
City London- population of the city: 817410 0 people Country - UK
City St. Petersburg- population of the city: 5351935 people Country Russia
City Berlin- population of the city: 3479740 people Country: Germany
City Madrid- population of the city: 3273049 people Country - Spain
City Kyiv- population of the city: 2815951 people Country Ukraine
City Rome- population of the city: 2761447 people Country - Italy
City Paris- population of the city: 2243739 people Country - France
City Minsk- population of the city: 1982444 people Country - Belarus
City Hamburg- population of the city: 1787220 people Country: Germany
City Budapest- population of the city: 1721556 people Country - Hungary
City Warsaw- population of the city: 1716855 people Country - Poland
City Vein- population of the city: 1714142 people Country - Austria
City Bucharest- population of the city: 1677451 people Country - Romania
City Barcelona- population of the city: 1619337 people Country - Spain
City Kharkov- population of the city: 1446500 people Country Ukraine
City Munich- population of the city: 1353186 people Country: Germany
City Milan- population of the city: 1324110 people Country - Italy
City Prague- population of the city: 1290211 people Country - Czech Republic
City Sofia- population of the city: 1270284 people Country - Bulgaria
City Nizhny Novgorod- population of the city: 1259013 people Country Russia
City Belgrade- population of the city: 1213000 people Country - Serbia
City Kazan- population of the city: 1206000 people Country Russia
City Samara- population of the city: 1171000 people Country Russia
City Ufa- population of the city: 1116000 people Country Russia
City Rostov-on-Don- population of the city: 1103700 people Country Russia
City Birmingham- population of the city: 1028701 people Country - UK
City Voronezh- population of the city: 1024000 people Country Russia
City Volgograd- population of the city: 1017451 people Country Russia
City Permian- population of the city: 1013679 people Country Russia
City Odessa- population of the city: 1013145 people Country Ukraine
City Cologne- population of the city: 1007119 people Country: Germany

Microstates of Europe:

Vatican(area 0.44 sq. km - the smallest state in the world), Monaco(area 2.02 sq. km.), San Marino(area 61 sq. km.), Liechtenstein(area 160 sq. km.), Malta(area 316 sq. km - an island in the Mediterranean) and Andorra(area 465 sq. km.).

Sub-regions of Europe - regions of Europe according to the UN:

Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, France, Switzerland.

Northern Europe: Great Britain, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia.

Southern Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Macedonia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Italy, Vatican, Greece, Malta.

Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Russia, Republic of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova.

EU countries (members and composition of the EU in alphabetical order):

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, Great Britain, Greece, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Ireland, Spain, Republic of Cyprus, Luxembourg, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Finland, Croatia , Czech Republic, Sweden, Estonia.

Climate of Europe mostly moderate. The European climate is particularly influenced by the waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf Stream. In most European countries, there is a clear division into four seasons. In winter, snow falls on most of the continent and the temperature is below 0 C, while in summer the weather is hot and dry.

Relief of Europe- these are mainly mountains and plains, and there are much more plains. Mountains occupy only 17% of the entire European territory. The largest European plains are Central European, East European, Middle Danube and others. The largest mountains are the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathians, etc.

The coastline of Europe is very indented, which is why some countries are island nations. The largest rivers flow through Europe: the Volga, Danube, Rhine, Elbe, Dnieper and others. Europe is distinguished by a special careful attitude to its cultural and historical heritage and natural resources. There are many national parks in Europe, and almost every European city has preserved unique historical monuments and architecture of past centuries.

Reserves of Europe (national parks):

Bavarian Forest (Germany), Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Belarus), Belovezhsky National Park (Poland), Borjomi-Kharagauli (Georgia), Braslav Lakes (Belarus), Vanoise (France), Vikos-Aoos (Greece), High Tauern (Austria), Dwingelderveld (Netherlands), Yorkshire Dales (England), Kemeri (Latvia), Killarney (Ireland), Kozara (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Koto De Doñana (Spain), Lemmenjoki (Finland), Narochinsky (Belarus), New Forest (England), Pirin (Bulgaria), Plitvice Lakes (Croatia), Pripyat (Belarus), Snowdonia (England), Tatras (Slovakia and Poland), Thingvellir (Iceland), Sumava (Czech Republic), Dolomites (Italy), Durmitor ( Montenegro), Alonissos (Greece), Vatnajokull (Iceland), Sierra Nevada (Spain), Retezat (Romania), Rila (Bulgaria), Triglav (Slovenia).

Europe is the most visited continent in the world. Numerous resorts of southern countries (Spain, Italy, France) and a rich and diverse historical heritage, which is represented by a variety of monuments and attractions, attracts tourists from Asia, Oceania and America.

Castles of Europe:

Neuschwanstein (Germany), Trakai (Lithuania), Windsor Castle (England), Mont Saint-Michel (France), Gluboka (Czech Republic), De Haar (Netherlands), Coca Castle (Spain), Conwy (Great Britain), Bran (Romania) ), Kilkenny (Ireland), Aegescove (Denmark), Pena (Portugal), Chenonceaux (France), Bodiam (England), Castel Sant'Angelo (Italy), Chambord (France), Aragonese Castle (Italy), Edinburgh Castle (Scotland) , Spissky castle (Slovakia), Hohensalzburg (Austria).

In the East and Southeast (on the border with Asia) border of Europe considered to be the ridge of the Ural Mountains. The extreme points of this part of the world are considered: in the North - Cape Nordkin 71° 08' north latitude. In the south, the extreme point is considered Cape Maroki which is located at 36° north latitude. In the west, the extreme point is considered to be Cape Destiny, located 9 ° 34 'East longitude, and in the east - the eastern part of the foot of the Urals up to about Baidaratskaya Bay, located at 67° 20' East longitude.
The western and northern shores of Europe are washed by the North, Baltic Sea and the Bay of Biscay, and the Mediterranean, Marmara and Azov - deeply cut into from South. The seas of the Arctic Ocean - Norwegian, Barents, Kara, White - wash Europe in the far north. In the southeast, there is the endorheic Caspian Sea-Lake, formerly part of the ancient Mediterranean-Black Sea basin.

Europe is a part of the world, most of which is located in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Strait of Gibraltar separates it from Africa, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles from Asia, the eastern and southeastern conditional border runs along the eastern foothills of the Urals and along the main Caucasian ridge.
Europe as a continent is characterized by the following features. Firstly, it is a large single monolith with Asia, and therefore the division into Europe is more of a historical than physical-geographical nature. Secondly, it is relatively small in area - about 10.5 million square kilometers. (together with the European part of Russia and Turkey), that is, the largest from Canada is only 500 thousand square kilometers. Only Australia is smaller than Europe. Thirdly, a significant part of the territory of Europe consists of peninsulas - the Iberian, Apennine, Balkan, Scandinavian. Fourth, the mainland of Europe is surrounded by fairly large islands (Great Britain, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Iceland, Sicily, Sardinia, etc.), which significantly expand its territory. Fifthly, Europe is the only continent that does not occupy the tropics, which means that the natural diversity of climatic zones and vegetation zones is somewhat lower here.

Europe has been and remains an important macro-region in the political, economic and cultural life of the entire planet.
There are 43 independent states within Europe. They are small and fairly compact in size. The largest states in Europe are France, Spain, Sweden, which occupy an area of 603.7; 552.0; 504.8; 449.9 thousand km2. is a Eurasian power, occupying an area of 17.1 million km2. Only twelve countries have an area from 100 to 449 thousand km2. 19 countries have an area from 20 to 100 thousand km2. The smallest area is occupied by the so-called countries - the dwarfs of the Vatican, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta.
All European countries, with the exception of the Vatican, are members of the United Nations.
For a long time Europe of the XX century. was divided into two parts - East and West. The first included the former so-called socialist countries (Central-Eastern or Central and Eastern Europe), and the second - capitalist (Western Europe). The events of the late 80s and early 90s radically changed the nature of the modern era. The collapse of the socialist system led to the unification of the German lands into a single state (1990), the formation of independent independent states on the territory of the former Soviet Union (1991), the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1992, Czechoslovakia - in 1993 All this should not only be political, but also of great economic importance. Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe, as well as the countries of the Adriatic-Black Sea subregion, are gradually creating a market economy.

A new phase of detente, which began in the late 80s and early 90s of the XX century, created a completely new situation. The idea of a common European home from the Atlantic to the Urals has become an objective reality. Conditions have been created for the existence of various forms of integration in various regions of Europe, including Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe. The first such "swallow" in the conditions of the new Europe was an attempt to create an interstate association back in the early 1990s, which the neighboring states of Austria, Hungary, Italy and the former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia called "Pentagonalia" (now "Octagonal"). This combination of states with different political and socio-economic status has shown that neighboring states have many common problems (environmental protection, use of energy, cooperation in the field of culture, scientific and technical progress). After the collapse of the CMEA, a geopolitical vacuum arose in Central-Eastern Europe. The countries are looking for a way out of it in regional and subregional integration. So, in February 1991, the Visegrad sub-regional association arose as part of Poland, Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia, which aimed to accelerate the entry of these countries into pan-European integration processes.

Shores of Europe heavily indented by bays and straits, there are many peninsulas and islands. The largest peninsulas are Scandinavian, Jutland, Iberian, Apennine, Balkan and Crimean. They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of Europe.

The area of the European islands exceeds 700 thousand km2. These are Novaya Zemlya, the archipelago of Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, Great Britain, Ireland. In the Mediterranean Sea there are such large islands as Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia.

In the waters washing the shores of European land, transport routes intersect that lead to Africa and America, and also connect the countries of Europe with each other.Europe. In the southeast is the undrained Caspian Sea-lake.

Coast of strongly indented bays and straits , there are many peninsulas and islands .The largest peninsula - Scandinavian , Jutland , Iberian , Apennine , Balkan and Crimea .They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of Europe.

European islands area exceeds 700 km2 .This Novaya Zemlya archipelago of Franz Josef Land , Spitsbergen , Iceland , UK, Ireland .In the Mediterranean, there are such large islands as Corsica , Sicily , Sardinia.

In the waters around the coast of the European land transport cross paths that lead to Africa and America , as well as bind Europe together.

*The country*	*Capital*	*Population, million people*	*Area, thousand square meters km.*


	Andorra la Vella
	Brussels
Bulgaria
Bosnia and Herzegovina

	Budapest
United Kingdom
Germany

	Copenhagen
Ireland
Iceland	Reykjavik




Liechtenstein
Luxembourg	Luxembourg
Macedonia
	Valletta

Netherlands	Amsterdam
Norway

Portugal	Lisbon
	Bucharest
San Marino	San Marino

Slovakia	Bratislava
Slovenia
Finland	Helsinki

Montenegro	Podgorica

Croatia
Switzerland
	Stockholm