Culture of communication in the modern family. Culture of communication in the family. About the culture of communication in the family

A culture of speech is a reflection of a person's personality, there is no doubt about it. It is formed by the personality, but it also forms the personality. Changing the rules of communication can lead to long-term internal metamorphoses within the individual.

Pledged a culture of speech, of course same, in family. It is completely useless to rely on the school in this regard. Setting bad examples for your child every day in the family circle, while counting on the school to return the gentleman to you at the end of the education period, is as pointless as giving a farmer seeds of wheat and demanding that he grow apples from them. No, what you sow is what you reap, and the "sowing" of culture in the head of a child in this case takes place precisely in the family circle.

Very depressing looks the fact that whenever a public discussion is started regarding the culture of communication in modern families, then with rare exceptions, the whole conversation is for some reason about obscene expressions. Sometimes one gets the impression that on the matte layer, a truly magnificent Russian language, the whole world has come together like a wedge.

Parents so concerned the use of swear words by their children, that they completely do not pay attention to problems much more important concerning this issue. In the end, after all, today there are many people, moreover, educated, intelligent and authoritative, who do not see anything particularly reprehensible in swear words and consider them only a tool of the language, justified to the extent that its use in a particular linguistic moment is justified.

Words themselves by themselves (no matter which ones) do not carry any real load, it is just an information code that we use to exchange information. Culture is not meticulous observance of some sanctimonious prescriptions. Nevertheless, most of the discussions on this topic are about the external, decorative side, about all sorts of "decency". And the inner side of the issue remains out of discussion, which is why, in essence, the issue of discussion does not occur at all.

Well, don't you want your child used obscenities in his speech, so do not use them yourself, especially with him! A good example is the best teacher. But it is much more important to teach your child a culture of communication, understood as a culture of interaction between people.

Learn not to interrupt interlocutor, would already be a great achievement for the majority of modern schoolchildren. It would seem that this is one of the most elementary and simplest rules to follow, but the parents of most children are too preoccupied with hitting the child on the lips for "dirty words", and apparently there is no time left to teach him the basics of a respectful attitude towards the interlocutor.

Don't condone cries and attempts to draw attention to themselves during a conversation. It often seems to the child that he has been forgotten if he does not participate in the conversation for some time. You should patiently explain to him that if you have nothing to say, then it is always better to remain silent, and far from all conversations encountered on the path of life, it is necessary to take an active part. An attentive listener receives from the conversation no less than the speaker, and besides, he does not discredit himself with uncivilized behavior.

Examples of Constant Interruption interlocutor can be seen by a child everywhere these days. Even our politicians do not respect each other and do not want to listen to someone else's opinion, constantly interrupting, sometimes very rudely and insultingly. What to expect from a child? It remains only to be patient and constantly show him by his own example what cultural communication is.

Also very important teach a child never say anything bad about a person who is not currently among those present. in general, it is better to save for a one-on-one conversation with a person, and not condemn him in front of everyone, unless the critic wants to assert himself at the expense of his mistakes. And to criticize someone in his absence is completely unworthy behavior, which caused contempt in every noble person a couple of hundred years ago. And today it is practically the norm, and this state of affairs must be fought. If you don't want to make your son a vicious critic (or your daughter a poisonous gossip), teach them that if you don't dare to say something to a person's face, it's better to bite your tongue.

Teach the kids form your thoughts into beautiful offers. No one demands a poetic style from them, but the tongue-tied tongue, which is demonstrated today everywhere and everywhere, is simply frightening. A person lives all his life, communicating with his relatives every day, and at the same time uses only the poorest constructions, with all the incredible richness of the language that he inherited from many generations of ancestors. Instill in your children a love of reading, be sure that they read at least a book a month (very little, as for a developing brain, but most modern children do not read at all), and let it be good literature that will bring up literate speech in your child and beautiful syllable.

Respect for interlocutor, the ability to perceive each person with whom you had a chance to communicate, as a source of information and knowledge, as an interesting object for study, and not only a vessel for your archival thoughts and views. The ability to empathize and take the position of your interlocutor, looking around the subject of discussion both from his side and from his own. Competent speech and understandable style, a clear formulation of one's own thoughts so that the interlocutor understands them. Condescending and patient attitude towards a less intelligent and educated person, respect for him. A sincere desire to help the person whose mistake you noticed, and not to mock him, puffed up with complacency. This is what a culture of communication is, which should be instilled in a child in the family circle in the process of education, and first of all - by personal example. This is what every loving parent should seriously take care of if he wants to raise a child to be a full-fledged and healthy person, open to the world.

Topic 3 "Culture of communication in the family"

The interaction of parents with children in the process of family education is carried out through communication.

Communication - a communicative process, a kind of connecting thread that unites people with each other.

With its help, parents form the moral motivation of the child's actions, include a son or daughter in useful family and social activities, enrich the experience of children's experiences, which positively affects all areas of personality development. Therefore, parents should have a culture of communication.

culture - this is a very multifaceted and capacious concept, but when we say - a culture of communication, everyone knows what is meant by this term.

Communication culture - this is a set of rules that every self-respecting person adheres to. Compliance with these rules is an indicator of the level of education and culture of a person as a whole, without a culture of communication it is impossible to interact with people in a civilized society.

Knowledge of cultural norms and restrictions in communication, knowledge of customs, traditions, etiquette in the field of communication, observance of decency, good mannersis communicative competence.

Communicative competence - this is a generalizing communicative property of a person, which includes communication abilities, knowledge, skills and abilities.

Communication skills - abilities, personality traits that ensure the effectiveness of its communicative activity, primarily communication with other personalities, and psychological compatibility of activity. A person's ability to understand other people (the desire to understand others, the ability to listen to a communication partner, observation), the ability to express oneself (the desire to be understood by others, the culture of speech), the ability to adequately influence communication partners (demanding, tact, politeness, discipline) .

Communicative knowledge - this is knowledge about what communication is, what are its types, patterns of development.

Communication skills - these are speech skills, the ability to harmonize external and internal manifestations, the ability to receive feedback, the ability to overcome communication barriers.

Life in a family is impossible without communication in it, communication between husband and wife, between parents and children in the process of everyday relationships. Communication in the family is the relationship of family members to each other and their interaction, the exchange of information between them, their spiritual contact. The spectrum of communication in the family can be very diverse. In addition to talking about work, household, health, the lives of friends and acquaintances, it includes discussion of issues related to raising children, art, politics, and so on. There is no doubt that nervousness, imbalance, isolation and other negative character traits are bad companions of family communication.

The lack of mutual understanding in the family leads to depression, alienation, to a deterioration in the psychological and physical condition, and a significant decrease in a person's working capacity. Failure to communicate can destroy a family. The main components of the culture of communication are empathy, tolerance, compliance, goodwill. A special ability to communicate is the ability to recognize the value of another, even when positions differ. Only in this way can harmony be achieved in family life.

Communication is one of the main factors in the formation of a child's personality. The need for communication appears in a child from birth.

Communication between parents and children is of great importance for their full development. Deprived of the opportunity to communicate with their parents, they are characterized by a low level of self-regulation of behavior, have heightened sensitivity to an adult's communication with them, and experience difficulties in communicating with peers.

Communication barriers between children and parents

An important task of intra-family communication is the formation of true relationships with children that contribute to the development of their personality. Incorrectly organized relationships between children and parents often cause various barriers that interfere with the normal educational process in the family.Here are the most typical ones.

The "employment" barrier

It is characterized by the fact that parents are constantly busy: work, household chores, leisure activities, each other, and they "have no time" to pay attention to their own children, who simply interfere with them. This causes alienation of the child and leads to some detachment from their own parents. This barrier can arise at different age periods, but at any stage of the development of the child's personality, it negatively affects the system of family relationships. Children and parents, as it were, live different lives, as a result, the family as an educational system “does not work,” even if parents are, in general, positive people.

Solution : prioritize. What is really important in your life? Will it matter in a year, two, five?

The barrier of "adulthood"

In this case, parents are prevented from understanding their own children by their own age, the so-called “height of adulthood”. They are not able to enter into the internal psychological situation of the child, do not feel his experiences, do not understand his interests, games, needs. After all, what seems like a trifle to an adult person sometimes makes up the meaning of life for a child. The outstanding teacher J. Korchak once spoke very truly about this, emphasizing that we, adults, need to rise to the height of children's feelings, reach out, stand on tiptoe.

Solution : Remember - there is a time for everything. Today, your child cannot comprehend and analyze everything that happens in his life in the same way. But with your help, he will definitely learn this over time.

Barrier of the "old stereotype"

Its essence lies in the fact that parents, no matter how they see and feel the age-related dynamics of the development of the personality of their own child. For example, parents are used to seeing their child as small, unadapted and still perceive him as a baby who constantly needs to be prompted, guided by behavior, evaluated, etc., while a son or daughter has grown up long ago and requires a completely different level of relationship.

Solution: to trust the child, to “let go” of him from himself is the highest parental wisdom!

Barrier of educational traditions

The meaning of this barrier, its negative educational consequences, lies in the fact that parents tend to mechanically introduce and reproduce in their own family the forms, methods and means of education that have developed in their families. As a result, there is some discrepancy between the pedagogical means in the family and the changed personality of the child. All of us, adults, feel that children have become more informed, the system of their needs has changed, the cultural situation in the family has changed, and new media have emerged. And if earlier the father and mother were the most important sources of information for the child for many years, today the parents' claims to absolute authority in the field of information are untenable.

Solution: assert their own authority in another area.

The barrier of didacticism

It is characterized by the fact that parents constantly, on every occasion, teach their own children. Each step of the child is recorded, evaluated, and recommendations are given for each movement. This leads the child to a state of constant tension, which, in turn, forms nervousness. Such parents - educators look rather boring. Educational relationships that need to be constantly created are simply replaced here by every minute moralizing, which forms in the child an internal attitude to expect teachings.

Solution: think about whether you are ready to “step forward” all your life instead of your child? What awaits you in 10 years?

Your models of relations with the child act as a model for organizing his communication with other people. Therefore, analyze the system of your family relationships and, if you feel that any of the listed barriers arises, strive to consistently overcome it. If you think that your knowledge or strength is not enough, ask for help.

The most common complaint of children and adolescents to their parents is: "They don't listen to me!".

Haste, inability and unwillingness to listen, to understand what is happening in the complex children's world, to try to look at the problem through the eyes of a son or daughter, confidence in the infallibility of one's life experience - this is what first of all creates a psychological barrier between parents and children.

A culture of speech

The culture of a child's speech is developed, first of all, in his family.Speech, grammatically correct, consists of detailed sentences, and not fragmentary command words. It is important that all words are clearly distinguishable in sound and understandable to the child in meaning. Sometimes it is useful to repeat what was said if, but, in no case should you blame him for this. Show goodwill and patience, they will pay off handsomely.

Shouldn't speak too loud, the impression is that loud, deceptively. If the child screams or raises his voice, do not try to shout over him. You will achieve a greater result if, on the contrary, the answer canmaybe even go for a whisper. Whispering is perceived as a confidential form of communication, which means it is a kind of invitation to move from a “military” confrontation to a “peace talks” table.

Psychological communication techniques in a situation of child-parent relationships

There are certain psychotechnical skills that help improve relationships with children.We will look at three such skills.

The first rule of communication between a parent and a child is to accept him as he is, without conditions and requirements. The child must live with the feeling that he is in any case loved, desired and dear, even if he did wrong.

At the same time, it is possible and necessary to express one's dissatisfaction - but not by the child himself, but by his specific actions. Not “You are bad”, but “You did bad”, and even better “I feel bad about what you did”. Last thing -this is the "I-statement" technique.

"I-statement" is a way of constructively expressing one's negative emotions without offending the child. Such a message will cause the least resistance on the part of the child.

"I am a statement » are important in order to let children understand how parents feel, and at the same time not to belittle the child through censure and shame. The child has a chance to independently draw a conclusion about his behavior and correct it.

Algorithm for constructing "I-statements":

a) A non-judgmental description of the situation that caused your negative feelings, for example, "When you do not warn me that you are late after training ...".

b) A description of the feeling you are experiencing: "... I feel angry, annoyed ...", or "... I feel anxious ...".

c) Name the reasons for your emotions: "... after all, we agreed that ...".

d) The preferred way out of this situation: "... I expect that you will warn me that you will be late."

Well-formulated "I-messages" will help you express your dissatisfaction, "blow off steam", express your desires, but at the same time they will not be perceived negatively by the child.

Second psychotechnical skill - Child support. This skill is the basis for the formation of self-confidence in a child, strengthens self-esteem. Supporting a child, an adult, focusing on the positive aspects of his child, helps him to believe in his strengths and abilities.

Support is very different from praise. When we praise a child, we evaluate positively his successes. Support is a sign of attention to the child when he finds himself in a situation of failure. Thus, the parent gives the child the following message: “I believe in you, in your abilities, you will be able to overcome this difficulty”, while the parent relies on his strengths, and does not emphasize his mistakes.

This can be done using the phrases: “I’m proud of you”, “Remember, you didn’t succeed, but you managed to cope, so this time it will work out”, “Learning from mistakes”, etc. You can support the child with a touch, a smile.

And, perhaps, the main technique that parents should learn -it's active listening.

In order to properly communicate with the child, so that he would like to share his difficulties, experiences, there is a skill called active listening technique. This technique gives the child a sense of his own importance, necessity, gives him the opportunity to express his feelings, to understand the situation himself.

Active listening is a complex communicative skill, semantic perception of speech.

The causes of a child's difficulties are often hidden in the sphere of his feelings. Then practical actions - to show, teach, direct - will not help him. In such cases, it is best to listen to him.

What does it mean to actively listen to a child?

Actively listen to your child - means to “return” to him in a conversation what he told you, while denoting his feeling.

The purpose of the technique - let the child understand that in difficult times they hear him, they are not indifferent to his problem, they understand him.

Rules for Active Listening

Rule 1 . If you want to listen to the child, be sure to turn to face him. It is also very important that your eyes are at the same level. Avoid socializing while in another room, with your back, watching TV, or lying on the couch. Your position in relation to the child indicates how ready you are to listen and hear him.

Rule 2 . If you are talking to an upset or distressed child,you shouldn't ask him questions. It is desirable that your answers sound in the affirmative form.For example:

Son (with a gloomy look): “I won’t be friends with Dima anymore!”

Parent: "Something happened..."

Possible incorrect responses: “What happened?” "Are you offended by him?"

It would seem that the difference between affirmative and interrogative sentences is very insignificant. Sometimes it's all just a subtle intonation, and the reaction to it is very different. Often to the question: “What happened?” a distressed child will answer: “Nothing!”, and if you say: “Something happened ...”, then it can be easier for the child to start talking about what happened.

Rule 3 It is very important to “keep a pause” in a conversation. After each of your remarks, it is best to be silent. Remember that this time belongs to the child; do not fill it with your thoughts and comments. The pause helps the child understand his experience and at the same time feel more fully that you are near. It’s good to be silent even after the child’s answer - maybe he will add something. You can find out that the child is not yet ready to hear your remark by his appearance. If his eyes are not looking at you, but to the side, “inside” or far away, then continue to be silent: very important and necessary inner work is going on in him now.

Active listening techniques:

a) Encouragement . It consists in interest, expressed desire to listen to the child. Goodwill, lack of evaluative opinions is important here.

Encouragement of the child allows you to tune in to the conversation. Non-verbal methods can be used here - a smile, a nod, a friendly look. And verbal - the words "Yes", "Please continue", "I'm listening to you carefully", "This is interesting."

b) repetition. It consists in repeating the phrases of the child, verbal concentration on the main points of the conversation. The parent needs to repeat what he said, confirming that the child was heard “You don’t want to be friends with him anymore”, “You don’t want to go to school anymore.” A parent who can repeat the words of the child makes it clear that he is very attentive to what the child has said to him and helps him sort out his own feelings and thoughts.

c) Clarification . It consists in clarifying questions aimed at concretizing and clarifying something from what has been said. “Do I understand you correctly?”, “Did you mean to say this?”, “You said that this has been happening for a long time. How long has this been happening?" Clarification allows you to maintain an understanding of the feelings and thoughts of the child.

d) Designation of feelings. It consists in pronouncing the feelings experienced by the child “You were offended by him”, “You feel upset”, “You were upset by this situation”.

e) Generalization. It consists in summing up the child's speech. The parent makes it clear that he listened carefully to the child, and understood his main idea “In general, you decided that ...”, “In our conversation we came to the conclusion that ...”, “From everything I heard, it turns out ...”.

Active listening conversation is very new to our culture and not easy to master. Mastering this technique requires patience from parents, a sincere desire to understand their child. However, this method will quickly win your sympathy, as soon asYou will see the following results:

The negative experience of the child will disappear or at least weaken. There is a remarkable regularity here: joy shared is doubled, grief shared is halved;

The child, making sure that the adult is ready to listen to him, begins to talk about himself more and more. Sometimes, in one conversation, a whole tangle of problems and sorrows suddenly unwinds;

The child himself is moving forward in solving his problem.

The considered communication skills are based on humanistic principles: respect for the personality of the child, recognition of his rights to his own desires, feelings and mistakes, attention to his concerns, rejection of the parental position “from above”.

Such communication helps to find mutual understanding and increases the effectiveness of joint activities.

Types of traditional parental statements.

Consider the types of traditional parental statements (automatic responses) - real obstacles to active listening to the child. And also with what the child hears in them.

but). Orders. “Now stop it!”, “Quickly to bed!”, “Shut up!”, “So that I don’t hear it again!”.

In these categorical phrases, the child hears the unwillingness of the parents to delve into his problem, feels disrespect for his independence. Such words evoke a feeling of powerlessness, and even leaving "in trouble."

In response, children usually resist, are offended, and stubborn.

b) Threats, warnings . “Look, no matter how worse it gets!”, “It will happen again, and I will take up the belt!”, “If you don’t stop crying, I’ll leave!”, “If you don’t come home on time, blame yourself!”.

Threats are pointless if the child is currently having an unpleasant experience. They only drive him into an even greater dead end.

Orders and threats cause fear, anxiety, anxiety and insecurity in the child before the will and power of the parents.

In addition, any threat or warning, as it were, "invites" the child to explore its seriousness and the reality of its implementation, i.e. provoke the child to break the taboo.

c) Moral teachings, morality. “You must behave properly”, “You must respect adults.”

Usually children from such phrases do not learn anything new. Nothing changes from the fact that they hear it for the “hundred and first time”. They feel the pressure of external authority, sometimes guilt and shame, sometimes boredom, and most often all together.

If he violates the "norms of behavior", then it is worth looking to see if someone in the family behaves in the same or similar way. If this reason disappears, then, most likely, another one works: your child "goes beyond" because of his internal disorder, emotional distress.

d) Tips, ready-made solutions. “And you take it and say ...”, “Why don’t you try ...”, “In my opinion, you need to go and apologize”, “I would hit back if I were you.”

As a rule, we do not skimp on such advice. Moreover, we consider it our duty to give them to children. We often cite ourselves as an example:

"When I was your age..." However, children do not tend to listen to our advice. And sometimes they openly rebel: “You think so, but I do it differently”, “It’s easy for you to say”, “I know without you!”.

What is behind such negative reactions of the child? The desire to be independent, to make decisions yourself. After all, we, adults, are not always pleased with other people's advice. And children are much more sensitive than us. Each time, advising a child, we kind of inform him that he is still small and inexperienced, and we are smarter than him, we know everything in advance.

This position of parents - the position "from above" - ​​irritates children, and most importantly, does not leave them with a desire to tell more about their problem.

e) Proofs, notations . “It’s time to know that you need to wash your hands before eating”, “You are distracted endlessly, so you make mistakes”, “How many times I told you! If you don't listen, blame yourself."

And here the children answer: “Leave me alone”, “As much as possible”, “Enough”. At best, they stop hearing us, and what psychologists call a "sense barrier" appears.

f) Criticism, accusations . “What does it look like!”, “I did everything wrong again!”, “All because of you!”, “In vain I relied on you”, “Forever you! ..”.

These phrases evoke in children either active defense: retaliatory attack, denial, anger; or despondency, depression, disappointment in yourself and in your relationship with your parent. In this case, the child develops low self-esteem; he begins to think that he is really bad, weak-willed, hopeless, that he is a failure. And low self-esteem creates new problems.

Let's see what the child can hear during the day: “Get up”, “How long can you lie around?”, “Look how your shirt is tucked in”, “I haven’t packed my briefcase since the evening”, “Don’t slam the door, the baby is sleeping”, “Why didn’t you take the dog out again (didn’t feed the cat)? He started it himself, watch it himself, "" Again, the devil knows what in the room! "," Of course, I didn’t sit down for lessons, "" How many times I said to wash the dishes after myself "," I'm tired of reminding about bread "," Don't walk go until...”, “How long can you hang on the phone?”, “Will you ever go to bed on time ?!”

Multiply these statements by the number of days, weeks, years during which the child hears all this. You will get a huge baggage of negative impressions about yourself, and even received from the closest people. In order to somehow balance this burden, he has to prove to himself and his parents that he is worth something. The very first and easiest way (which, by the way, is suggested by the parental style) is to criticize the requirements of the parents themselves.

What can save the situation if the situation in the family has developed in this way?

The first and main way: try to pay attention not only to the negative, but also to the positive aspects of your child's behavior. Do not be afraid that words of approval addressed to him will spoil him. There is nothing more detrimental to your relationship than such an opinion. To start, find a few positive things to say to your child during the day.For example:

“Thank you for going to the garden for your brother”, “It's good that you came when you promised”, “I like to cook with you together.”

Sometimes parents think that the child already knows that he is loved, so it is not necessary for him to express positive feelings. It's not like that at all.

g) Praise. After all that has been said, the recommendation not to praise the child will probably sound unexpectedly and strangely. To make sense of this seeming contradiction, one must understand the subtle but important difference between praise and encouragement, or praise and approval. There is always an element of evaluation in praise: “Well done, well, you’re just a genius!”, “You are the most beautiful (capable, smart) with us!”, “You are so brave, you don’t care about anything.”

What's wrong with praise?

First, when a parent often praises, the child soon begins to understand: where there is praise, there is also a reprimand. Praised in some cases, he will be condemned in others.

Secondly, a child can become addicted to praise: wait, look for it, “Why didn’t you praise me today?”.

Finally, he may suspect that you are insincere, that is, you praise him for some reason of your own.

h) Name calling, ridicule. “Cry-baby”, “Well, just a club!”, “What a lazy person you are!”.

All this is the best way to push the child away and "help" him lose confidence in himself.

Such statements have an impact on the self-esteem of the child. The most unfavorable effects are the formation of a feeling of rejection and emotional rejection, insecurity, a low degree of self-acceptance, a defensive-aggressive, hostile position.

In such cases, children are offended and defend themselves: “What about yourself?”, “Well, I will be like that!”.

i) Guessing. “I know it’s all because you ...”, “I suppose I got into a fight again”, “I still see that you are deceiving me ...”, “I see right through you.”

Such statements cause a defensive reaction in the child, a desire to get away from contact. And in fact: which of the guys (and adults) likes to be "calculated"?

j) Questioning, investigation. “No, you still say”, “What happened anyway? I still find out”, “Why did you get a deuce again?”, “Well, why are you silent?”.

It's hard to stop asking questions. And yet it is better to try to replace interrogative sentences with affirmative ones. Instead of "Why are you angry?" - "I feel that you are angry".

k) Sympathy in words. Of course, the child needs sympathy. However, there is a risk that the words “I understand you”, “I sympathize with you” will sound too formal. Maybe just keep quiet, holding him close to you instead. And in phrases like: “Calm down”, “Pay no attention!”, “Nothing, nothing!” he may hear disregard for his concerns, denial of the significance of events, or downplaying of his experience.

m) Leaving the conversation, joke. Son “You know, dad, I can’t stand this chemistry and I don’t understand anything about it.” Father: How much we have in common!

Dad shows a sense of humor, but the problem remains. And what can we say about such words as “Leave me alone!”, “Not up to you”, “You are always with your complaints!”.

The child feels the emotions of others, needs support, acceptance and recognition from the parents. Active listening is the perfect tool for this. And trying to solve, suppress or justify the child's problem on the spot is the path to conflicts!

Home > Study Guide

Chapter 16

Culture of communication in the family

16.1. Psychology and ethics of family relationships

Factors contributing to the strengthening of the family The family is a social phenomenon, and certain functions are carried out in it. Most researchers consider the following functions of the family to be the main ones: reproductive, or procreation function. Not relying on the will of fate, the spouses themselves decide on the timing of the appearance of the first child, on the number of children in the family, i.e. the problem of procreation, with the repetition and inheritance by children of certain genetic properties and characteristics of parents; educational function. The upbringing of children is the responsibility of the family together with preschool institutions and schools. Parents are actively involved in the educational programs of the school, which help them to learn in a timely manner the specific features of the behavior of children in different periods of their lives; economic function. It includes the activities of all family members as household cooperation. This includes housekeeping in order to meet a number of needs for food and clothing, cleaning the apartment, providing material assistance to disabled family members, caring for young children, maintaining a subsidiary farm, working on a personal plot, in a garden, a garden, distribution of roles and responsibilities in the management of homework; communication function. It is expressed in constant emotionally rich contacts, mutual support, mutual trust of all family members, provides the individual with psychological comfort. The family also solves many other issues: health protection, organization of recreation, cultural education, etc. As a result, relations are established between spouses, parents and children, both material and spiritual, sealed by law, morality, moral standards. There are a lot of elements that hold the family together. The family as the first cell of society has several grounds: marriage, or blood relationship, common experience, mutual moral responsibility. The strength of a family largely depends on the responsibility of each of its members. Responsibility in the family is the ability to keep one's word, to be extremely accurate in fulfilling one's promises. However, often one has to deal with irresponsibility, optionality. The most common types of irresponsibility of family members: 1) wastefulness; 2) different budgets for husband and wife; 3) spending free time separately from each other, not coordinated with other family members. For example, parents do not know where their children are, what the nature of their walks is, the wife does not know her husband's friends, the husband is not interested in where his wife went on a day off, who called her, with whom she made an appointment, etc.; 4) separate vacation. Spouses argue this choice by the need to "rest from each other." That's a moot point. But there is no doubt that long and frequent separations are harmful to the well-being of the family. The thread between a man and a woman is lost, sometimes torn, which is reinforced by daily communication, mutual attention, common worries and difficulties. Often such a vacation from each other ends in divorce. It is most preferable to have a rest with the whole family. Free time is one of the greatest values ​​that holds a family together. So, the family is held together by love and affection, friendship of all its members among themselves and kindred feelings, the presence of children, daily care for them and their upbringing, organization of the economy, economic life and life of the family as a whole, responsibility for each other, consciousness of duty for quality and the well-being of your family. If the newlyweds pay enough attention to such issues and deal with them seriously, the family will certainly be strong. The optimal number of children in a family The answer cannot be a simple quantitative recommendation, say two or four. Much depends on the living conditions of the family, the health of the spouses, their age, the time of marriage, etc. However, general recommendations still exist. The first child is necessary for a young family for self-affirmation, for raising their social position, strengthening the family and moving the marriage to a new qualitative state. The family needs a second child so that the family is more complete, so that each of the children has a loved one for life - a brother, a sister. The second child evens out the mistakes of the upbringing of the first child, he himself is brought up in better conditions. The only child, even with the most perfect pedagogical skills, the knowledge of his parents, as a rule, grows up as an egoist, because one baby has the attention and love of four, and sometimes six adults. Such a child from early childhood becomes the center of attention, he is the best, exceptional. A person, even the smallest one, very quickly gets used to an exceptional position. It is also important to observe the interval between the births of children. It is best that the difference between the first two children does not exceed five years. Otherwise, the interests of children will differ too much, they do not grow up together, but in parallel, they differ early in their views and often grow up far away. And this contradicts the main goal - to raise close, dear, devoted to each other people. The family wants a third child. He may be born with a gap in time between the first two children of about seven years. Such a child brings a noticeable renewal to the family, fills the house with the problems of a young family, improves mood, unites and brings together all family members. Older children are actively involved in helping the mother to care for the baby, thereby acquiring the skills and abilities that are so necessary in the future for their own family. An important factor in favor of three or four children is this: a large family is more stable, and spouses in it, as a rule, are satisfied with each other, children receive a collectivist upbringing, they join work early, value mutual assistance, mutual assistance, etc. Marital discipline Discipline in the family is tantamount to responsibility for the family. In the generally accepted sense of the word, the concept of "discipline" refers to work. It is thought that at home, in the family, a person can relieve tension, be less disciplined. But that's just how it seems. Discipline in the family, of course, differs from industrial discipline, and it has a special role, or rather, several roles. There is discipline in the organization and conduct of the household, in the form of expression of feelings, in the ethics of communication, and so on. Every family has taboo topics to talk about. In addition, there is a general discipline that is obligatory for every person who is married (something such a person cannot do when he is married or married). Of course, such relationships, understanding of duties, awareness and development of roles are not formed immediately (every family has its own nuances). To create a healthy microclimate in the family, financial discipline is also necessary. Some of the conflicts occur either because of the inability to manage the budget, or because of the unwillingness to submit to financial discipline. The costs associated with violations of financial discipline are not limited to economic losses. Often they turn into moral losses. Economic losses can lead to disappointment in a partner, to cooling, indifference, and even to squeamish, repulsive relationships. Well-being of the family depending on the participation of spouses in it The modern family has limited time to "create" their well-being in the house, only 4-5 hours (on weekdays). And in this short time, there is an intense labor watch at the family hearth, as much needs to be done in order to satisfy the diverse needs of everyone. Not only the stability, but also the well-being of the marriage depends on how the relationship between the spouses develops here. Family- this is the work or expedient activity of the spouses to meet their needs for food, comfort, rest, communication, self-affirmation, procreation, raising children, etc. That is why it is here that we must look for the causes of the troubles of many families, because the work of spouses in the household is a fruitful sphere that provides soil and nourishment for the stability and well-being of the family. The most effective type of domestic work organization is when both spouses share the same workload. Even ancient thinkers guessed about equality, justice in family life. So, Tacitus argued that the main thing in the family is this is not the love of spouses for each other, but their love for marriage, i.e. to the hard work of two in one "team". Career and happy family life - can a leader combine them? Studies have shown that three-quarters of all senior employees suffer from an occupational disease - "service bigamy". The symptoms of the disease are always the same - frequent business trips and chronic delays at work, the appearance at home with a briefcase full of office papers, the systematic skipping of family celebrations, etc., etc. The higher the manager climbs the career ladder, the more acute these symptoms. Often, leaders deliberately slow down their careers, moderating ambition in order to be able to devote more time and attention to the family. For a growing number of managers, the concept of "life success" includes not only promotion, but also harmony in the family. A leader who has not been able to recognize and resolve the problem of “official bigamy” that has arisen before him is really at risk of physical and mental health. If his life, imperceptibly for himself, turns into a continuous chain of conflicts between the interests of family and work, then he will increasingly experience a stressful state that will ultimately weaken his nervous system and undermine his health. Life shows that a person who makes any sacrifices in his family life for the sake of the interests of work and career, shifting the upbringing of children and related problems onto his wife’s shoulders, in the end often bitterly regrets it later. Succeeding as a leader, he fails as a father. One of the dangerous periods is the appearance of the first child in the family of a young leader. During this period, the wife, who usually herself has a good education, and often occupies a certain official position, drastically changes her way of life and for a year or two becomes attached to the house and the child. She gets bored, becomes irritable, requires increased attention to herself. On the other hand, a young leader must establish himself in the service, he needs to prove his right and ability to lead other people. Usually in such a situation, people are forced to sacrifice the interests of work and career in the name of the interests of their still rather fragile family. A similar situation develops when children grow up and leave home, leaving a gap in the mother's life that is difficult to fill. If this gap cannot be compensated for by increased work, active social activities, or other concerns (a dog, a dacha, etc.), then the wife will inevitably demand more attention from her husband. This situation is very dangerous, as it can lead to the disintegration of a family devoid of a fastening element - children. In order to save a good manager for the company and relieve him of stress, management must meet him halfway, not overloading him with work or business trips until the wife is comfortable with the new situation. A number of American companies, as already noted, allow and even recommend that their executives take their wife with them on a business trip once or twice a year. If a leader realizes that he is ill with "official bigamy", then he is halfway to recovery. In order to go the rest of the way and strike a balance between the interests of family and work, it is very useful to adhere to the following five rules: 1. Plan all your time. Home time, too, can and should be organized and planned by you. It is very useful to plan a weekend when you are at the disposal of your wife and children and must compensate them for the lack of communication with you that arose due to delays at work during the week. 2. Take an interest in family matters. Never say that you are too tired to listen to what family members did during the day or during your business trip. Even if you are really tired. If you don't take the time to listen to stories of small family wins and losses, how can you then claim to have a wife and kids share your troubles? 3. Introduce family members to your work. Your wife and kids are more interested in what you do at work than you think. Therefore, do not be lazy to tell them about your affairs and worries. Just don't complain all the time. The reluctance of many young people to follow in their father's footsteps and choose a career as an employee is a direct consequence of the fact that for many years they constantly heard from their fathers complaining about the "terrible day they had today at work." 4. Keep in touch with your family while traveling. Always leave at home a detailed itinerary of your trips and (if possible) the names of the hotels where you will be staying. Call home more often: paying phone bills is much easier than starting a new family. five. Review your family goals periodically. To do this, at least once a year, try to figure out what the goals are for your family, for each of its members, whether there are any contradictions between someone's individual goals and the interests of the family. Will you or your family members face any serious problems in the near future? If your company can make annual and even five-year plans, then why not try to do the same for your family? Such plans, in particular, will help to reconcile the interests of career and family life. Culture of communication in the family The behavior of the spouses, their self-esteem, discipline, tact - these are an approximate range of issues that make up the culture of communication in the family. Let's try to summarize some advice on the culture of family communication. So, it is recommended: 1) not to act in relation to others in the way that you would not like the people close to you around you to act in relation to you; 2) keep your promises. All family obligations are strong in their moral strength and must certainly be fulfilled. Violation of this word in the family leads to a decrease in the margin of safety in human relations. Confidence in a spouse is one of the main cementing foundations of a family. If you are absolutely trusted in everything, such trust must be justified; 3) look at the conflict situation from the outside. Try to put yourself in the place of another person and mentally evaluate how it looks; 4) avoid accidental disagreements, do not argue over trifles, do not defend your innocence in all cases and at any cost; 5) do not focus on any oversight of a loved one, after a while an accidental oversight takes on a different color, and it is already much more difficult to neutralize a breakdown. The culture of communication, as well as the culture of showing the feelings of all family members towards each other, is always socially conditioned. However, it is often in the family that violations of the culture of communication occur. There are many such violations, but the main, typical, in our opinion, are the following: 1) confidence in the infallibility of one's moral positions, stubbornness (“I said, so it will be so”), categorical judgments; 2) enjoyment of privileges at the expense of other family members. Adolescents often believe that all other family members are obliged to feed them excellently, dress them beautifully, serve them, give money for personal expenses; 3) formalism in communication. Substitution of genuine communication with its symbols, when family members essentially do not communicate, they have nothing to talk about, each other's opinion is not interesting. Only external etiquette is preserved: say “good morning” in the morning, “good night” in the evening, and “thank you” at dinner. Such communication cannot unite the family, strengthen its family ties. There are two types of relationships in a family. Firstly, relationships based on love, affection. This is primarily the relationship between husband and wife, parents and children, between individual relatives. Communication of close people in the family is characterized by warmth and sincerity, if all family members act in the direction of strengthening the relationship of old and new family members. Secondly, relationship as needed. This is primarily a relationship with relatives. For example, I love my wife, but I do not love my mother-in-law, but I understand that in the interests of the family it is necessary to maintain good relations with her. A family does not exist without the communication of its members. Communication in a friendly family is a necessity. Separation is usually seen as an unbearable nuisance. In the family, in the actions of the same people, both role-playing and informal communication are present at the same time. Indeed, in the family we are not just individuals, but bearers of certain social roles, and the social role (wife, daughter-in-law, husband, son-in-law) requires thoughtful behavior. All types of communication in the family are informal, friendly. Spouses can sit silently in the same room, and still they communicate. But most often, communicating in the family, we solve communication problems. “What to say” and “how to say” depends on where, with whom, under what circumstances the communication itself develops (between spouses alone or in the presence of children; at home, on the street or among friends, etc.). Thus, the form of communication requires consideration of circumstances, orientation. It is unacceptable that communication in the family is reduced to a minimum. In the family, such an atmosphere causes a feeling of resentment. If such dryness manifests itself, say, to a wife on the part of her husband, then she perceives this as a deterioration in relations and even as a cooling of feelings. Negligence during intimate relationships is especially undesirable. Quite common are cases when spouses are spiritually close and even they have many common interests, but a lot of work outside the family, the dynamism of life is often transferred to the sphere of intimate relationships. This is fraught with negative consequences for spouses. The first to suffer from such a relationship is usually a woman. She cools off, but the marriage continues. Soon the man will feel it, which leads to mutual dissatisfaction. The marriage can survive, but the spouses no longer experience the joy of meeting. Spouses should also periodically be interested in each other’s opinion: “So, we have already lived for two weeks or a year - let’s sum up: we never quarreled, we didn’t borrow money, there was enough salary, the child never got sick”; “What didn’t work out, what was upsetting, what can be fixed, what needs to be tolerated - let’s think together.” To correct behavior, it is useful to mentally lose a particular situation. In a word, family communication requires certain skills: 1) quickly navigate in the course of communication; 2) plan, and if necessary, rebuild your role, behavior, choose the right content for the act of communication ("Don't say anything, be quiet, eat, rest - then we'll talk"); 3) provide feedback; you can't talk all the time to one Being able to listen is perhaps the most important ethical requirement in a family. One-time failures of family communication should not be regarded as an irreparable break in relations. It is necessary to reorganize, think over an unsuccessful contact, evaluate the objections of the spouse (wife) and continue communication on the next free evening at a new level. Smart spouses will always find the cause of failure themselves. Fundamentals of family communication - a deep, correct understanding of one's role, conscious and purposeful development and implementation of it. With marriage, people immediately have new social roles associated either with the performance of certain functions (husband, wife), or with the emergence of new social ties (son-in-law, daughter-in-law). A little later, the responsible roles of father and mother appear. All roles in the family are chosen by their carriers mostly voluntarily. True, there are cases when an unwanted child appears, and young people do not imagine themselves in the role of a father, mother. The culture of communication in the family begins with a person's awareness of their rights and obligations. A person himself must determine positions in relation to the role that he voluntarily chooses when entering into marriage. This self-determination is expressed primarily in relation to people for whom this role is destined (wife for a husband, mother for children, daughter-in-law for a father-in-law or mother-in-law, etc.). socially- psychological compatibility and its elements Folk wisdom sharply and accurately noticed the main thing in the family - community, unity, mutual understanding, when the husband and wife act as a single whole. But such an alliance does not develop on its own. The basis of socio-psychological compatibility is the presence general outlook. In conditions of equality, spouses must first of all be like-minded people. When creating a family, two types of personality, two characters, two temperaments, two psychological structures, two personalities interact. Just as each person is unique, so is the family that is created in each specific case by a man and a woman. Each family has its own face, which is not the arithmetic sum of the character traits of each spouse, but is something integral, formed under the influence of communication between two individuals. Thus, in addition to a single worldview, it is important to have common value orientations in family development. In some cases, they may be based on contractual principles. Some directions in the development of the family can be discussed even before marriage, thereby preventing complications, resentment and conflicts in the future. For example, where and how will a young family live? With parents or on their own, in a city or village, will the newlyweds continue their studies and in what form (daytime, evening or correspondence), should there be children in the family and how many, in the first year of marriage or after a certain time? Such issues require agreement, consent and can be discussed in advance, determining the planned development of the family in accordance with the interests of both spouses. The main feature of family psychology, which leaves an imprint on the whole structure of family life and determines its face, is solidarity of all members, but especially spouses. Solidarity is determined by the unity of goals and acts both in the form of empathy and in the form of intercession. Spouses, constantly communicating, develop the ability to perceive ideas, form ideas, views, as a result, they involuntarily become common. In this way, a common position of the family is gradually developed.

1. The textbook is intended for students of economic specialties. Content

   Tutorial

   The manual reveals the theoretical issues of enterprise management in a crisis: the concept of "crisis", the classification of crises and the causes of their occurrence, the main types of crises in the life of the organization and possible ways out of them.

2. The textbook is intended for students of economic universities of all forms of education, graduate students, teachers, and may be useful to employees in the investment sector. © V. P. Popkov, V. P. Semenov, 2001 © Piter Publishing House, 2001

   Tutorial

   P 41 Organization and financing of investments. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001. - 224 p.: ill. - (Series "Key Issues").ISBN 5-318-00354-0The book details the formation and development of investment processes in commercial

3. The textbook is intended for university students, students of technical schools, for teachers and psychologists in the system of higher and secondary education, for managers and all those who

   Tutorial

   Stolyarenko L.D. From 81 Fundamentals of psychology. Third edition, revised and enlarged. Series "Textbooks, teaching aids". Rostov-on-Don: "Phoenix", 2 .

4. The textbook is intended for students, teachers, graduate students interested in management issues

   Tutorial

   Reviewers: Head. Department of Accounting of the Trans-Baikal Institute of Railway Engineers, Doctor of Economics, Professor L.S. Wigandt Department of World Economy, Chita Institute, Baikal University of Economics and Law, Ph.

5. Tutorial

   disciplines for higher education and secondary specialized educational institutions is prepared and published with the assistance of the Open Society Institute (Soros Foundation) and within the framework of

Svetlana Davydova
Consultation for parents Culture of communication in the Family

Advice for parents

CULTURE OF COMMUNICATION IN THE FAMILY

Davydova S.I.,

teacher MBDOU kindergarten №62 "Golden Hive",

City of Stary Oskol, Belgorod Region

"Happiness is given only to those who know". These words of I. Bunin can be fully attributed to parents. Loving children is not enough, you need to know them, and this must be learned.

many parents like a bolt from the blue, the behavior of their children in adolescence is striking. It was like a normal child and suddenly smokes, is rude, slams the door ...

The morality of a teenager depends on how he was brought up during his childhood, what was laid in his soul from birth to 10-11 years old.

For successful upbringing, not only love for the child is important, but also the general microclimate. families. Strength also depends on it. families, and spiritual qualities of the child, and even our longevity.

Parents for a child - fork: as they sound, so he will respond.

If we treat badly, for example, our parents You should expect the same from your children.

The ancient parable says: “The son grabbed an old father and dragged him to be eaten by crocodiles. His son ran after him. "Why?" asked father: "In order to know the road along which you will have to be dragged ...".

In our daily lives, perhaps we suffer most from the lack of culture in people. And it's not even about politeness, because it is essentially an external manifestation culture. It's about lack internal culture, and most clearly its level is visible in children.

Looking at a five-year-old child, one can clearly imagine what kind of parents how and what they talk to each other, what kind of microclimate in family.

IN cultural family no one ever yells at anyone, does not even raise his voice, because everyone sees in the other - a personality.

culture child is born in family, they will not be able to instill it either in kindergarten or at school if rudeness reigns at home.

The child learns his native speech by the so-called "maternal way" imitating relatives, therefore it is so important that he hears not only correct, but also polite speech, corresponding to the rules of speech etiquette.

A. S. Makarenko wrote: “Your own behavior is the most decisive thing. Do not think that you are raising a child only when you talk to him, or teach him, or order him. You bring him up every moment, even when you are not at home. How you talk to other people and talk about other people, how you are happy or sad, how you communicate with friends and enemies, how you laugh, read newspapers - all this is of great importance for a child.

It is necessary to save the child from rudeness, to exclude swear words from family life, especially obscene words.

It is necessary to save the child from rudeness, to exclude swear words from family life, especially obscene words.

Expressions "good morning" And "Good night" are integral components of the child's speech etiquette, as are the words "Hello", "Goodbye", pronounced affably, with a smile.

After all, facial expressions and intonation sometimes have no less meaning than the content of the statement itself. Thus, an angrily uttered greeting can be perceived as an expression of hostility.

It is not bad to teach a child to say hello when visiting a post office, a shoe shop, or some kind of household service, if you go there with him. Do you do it yourself?

Words - greetings set up both parties in a friendly way.

Words like "great", "chao", "hello", "be", etc., which are now so common among adolescents, young people, can also penetrate the lexicon of preschoolers. Of course, you won’t teach a child such words, but as soon as he adopted them, explain that these expressions are applicable only in relations with peers, but not with adults.

Teach your child when they need an item that belongs to another member families, comrade, ask permission. For example: “Mom, can I take your scarf?”, “Tanya, can I take your pencil?” etc. By asking permission, the child thereby expresses respect for the rights of another person, and a polite form almost guarantees success.

"Magic word"- this apt expression is well known to our children. But does everyone use it? Remind your child so he doesn't forget "about magical power" words "please", addressing with this or that request to adults or peers.

But there is another word "thanks" which a child can learn by the age of two.

From the age of four, children should, turning to an adult, say to him "you" and call by name and patronymic (except parents, grandparents - the closest relatives).

It is worth considering that some families"nurse", "folder"- normal handling. Literally, it is more correct if children call parents"mum", "dad", not avoiding, of course, petting forms: "Mommy", "Daddy".

BUT parents of their parents from the point of view of speech etiquette, it is preferable to call "grandmother", "granddad", "grandmother", "grandfather" or "woman" And "grandfather".

We have already emphasized the importance of the example parents in the child's mastery of the rules of speech behavior. However, adults do not always know which expressions, appeals are most appropriate in certain cases. For example, the recent widespread appeals to a stranger on the basis of gender cut the ear of many of us. How often do we hear: "Woman, you dropped your glove", "Man, you're coming out". Common Treatments "citizen", "citizen" in many situations sound too formal and not always applicable. Fortunately, recently the words "sir", "madam", "gentlemen"… But these words hardly enter our lexicon.

The speech of some children is replete with all sorts of offensive nicknames, of course, not invented by them. If in family the child hears "blunder", "fool", "slob", "scoundrel", these words are firmly included in his own lexicon and do not adorn either his speech or relations with those to whom they are addressed. If you consider it necessary to make a remark to the child, try to choose tactful expressions and do not reprimand him in public. It is better to do this, left alone with him.

Draw the child's attention to the fact that you should not correct the speaking adult, point out speech errors, inaccurate transmission of events, or some other blunders.

Related publications:

Consultation for parents "Lessons of morality in the family" Family is a native word! How much light, kindness and warmth there! How proud we are of our relatives For all their merits, for all their deeds! Childhood -.

Adaptive physical culture is a set of sports and recreational measures aimed at rehabilitation and adaptation to normal.

Consultation for parents: "Culture of behavior as a component of children's mental health""Culture of behavior as a component of children's mental health". From early childhood, the child enters into a complex system of relationships.

Consultation for parents "On the word, on speech, on the culture of communication" One of the conditions for the normal development of the child and his further successful education at school is the full formation of speech in preschool.

| Schedule for the academic year | Marriage and family

Fundamentals of life safety
Grade 9

Lesson 30
Marriage and family

In any human society, family and marriage relations were regulated by the social structure itself and often by state laws. In different social formations, there were specific activities for men and women, a division of labor and various social functions. All this had one task - to ensure the change of generations.

The history of mankind, of all its constituent peoples, represents a continuous change of generations. The cessation of generational change within any community means the end of its history. The history of any human society begins and continues until the time when people support the system of reproduction of new generations, that is, the birth and upbringing of a healthy generation capable of ensuring the further advancement of society along the path of civilization.

The family has always played a decisive role in the reproduction of the population. A person is born, as a rule, in a family, grows, is brought up, prepares for adulthood.

Remember!

Family- This is a small social group based on the marriage of a man and a woman.

Marriage is a family union of a man and a woman, based on their rights and obligations in relation to each other and to children.

In most modern states, laws require the appropriate registration (registration) of marriage in special state bodies; along with this, in some states, legal significance is also attached to a marriage concluded according to religious rites. In the Russian Federation, a marriage concluded in the civil registry offices (ZAGS) is recognized as legal.

For the formation of stable marital relations in modern society, a number of factors characterizing the relationship of spouses are distinguished. These include psychological, physical, physiological, cultural and material.

The psychological factor is the basis for the psychological compatibility of future spouses for the formation of a prosperous family climate. It is characterized by the kinship of souls, based on the mutual love of spouses for each other, love for children, the desire to constantly take care of each other, the willingness to share and alleviate sorrows and sorrows. Compatibility of interests and values, a common lifestyle are very important.

Psychological compatibility is the similarity of characters, attitudes, temperaments, habits of spouses when they complement each other.

The physical factor determines the external perception of one person by another (voice, demeanor, speech, clothing). Of no small importance in the physical factor is the passion of the spouses for some sports and their attitude to physical culture, which serves as the basis for the compatibility of temperaments, interesting joint leisure and outdoor activities.

The physiological factor is the basis of compatibility and ensures intimate communication of people who love each other, stimulates the joys of living together, promotes their spiritual and physical closeness.

The cultural factor is determined by the correspondence of the intellectual and cultural needs of the spouses and depends on the level of their education, the type of work, and the desire for constant self-improvement. The main role here can be played not by the level of development itself, but by the desire to correspond to each other, to live by common interests.

The material factor is determined by the contribution of the spouses to the life of the family and depends on how important this side of the marriage is for each of the spouses.

Many young people entering into marriage hope to live a long happy family life. But, unfortunately, this often does not happen.

Studies of the reasons for the breakup of some families point to the lack of psychological and moral preparation of young people for family life.

Attention!

Modern young people, in order to create a family and ensure a happy family life, must first of all master the culture of communication.

The foundations of a culture of communication are laid in adolescence. The first thing that young people should understand and assimilate before deciding to marry and start a family is the difference between physical attraction and deep, spiritual love, when the chosen one (chosen one) can become the best friend in the world in life and when the two of them will better than with anyone else. If these feelings appeared, then it means that there is a fundamental basis for creating a prosperous family.

In addition, so that various hardships and difficulties do not destroy these feelings, each spouse must constantly develop their positive qualities: goodwill, critical attitude and exactingness towards themselves, caring, responsibility, mutual respect and a culture of behavior. It takes constant effort to develop many of the qualities necessary for living together.

In conclusion, we note that human happiness and happiness in family life require great effort and mental expenditure to form a culture of communication. Family life is a special world of communication between husband and wife, children and parents, sisters and brothers, grandparents and grandchildren. The well-being of the family, and hence the well-being of our society and state, largely depends on the culture of this communication.

Questions

1. What is a family and what is its significance for the reproduction of the country's population?

2. How is a family union of a man and a woman formalized in the Russian Federation?

3. What influence does the culture of communication between a man and a woman have on the possibility of creating a prosperous family?

4. What kind of marriage is legal in the Russian Federation?

5. What positive qualities should each spouse develop in order to preserve the family and maintain a healthy moral climate in it?

The task

1. What are the main factors that characterize the relationship of spouses in modern society.

2. Using examples known to you, formulate your understanding of the culture of communication in the family, which, in your opinion, will contribute to a happy married life.