Matrenin yard for how much is read. “Matryonin Dvor is a story about the ruthlessness of human fate. The life of Matrena Timofeevna is getting better
Solzhenitsyn's "Matryona Dvor" is a story about the tragic fate of an open woman, Matryona, who is not like her fellow villagers. First published in Novy Mir in 1963.
The story is told in the first person. The protagonist becomes Matrena's tenant and talks about her amazing fate. The first title of the story, “A village is not worth without a righteous man,” conveyed the idea of a work about a pure, disinterested soul well, but was replaced in order to avoid problems with censorship.
main characters
The narrator- a middle-aged man who served lines in prison and wants a quiet, peaceful life in the Russian outback. Settled at Matryona and talks about the fate of the heroine.
Matryona a single woman in her sixties. She lives alone in her hut, often gets sick.
Other characters
Thaddeus- a former lover of Matryona, a tenacious, greedy old man.
Sisters Matryona- women who seek their own benefit in everything treat Matryona as a consumer.
One hundred and eighty-four kilometers from Moscow, on the road to Kazan and Murom, train passengers were always surprised by a serious decrease in speed. People rushed to the windows and talked about the possible repair of the tracks. Passing this section, the train picked up its previous speed again. And the reason for the slowdown was known only to the machinists and the author.
Chapter 1
In the summer of 1956, the author was returning from "a burning desert at random just to Russia." His return "was dragged on for ten years," and he had no where, no one to rush to. The narrator wanted to go somewhere in the Russian hinterland with forests and fields.
He dreamed of "teaching" away from the bustle of the city, and he was sent to the town with the poetic name High Field. The author did not like it there, and he asked to be redirected to a place with a terrible name "Peat product". Upon arrival at the village, the narrator understands that it is “easier to come here than to leave later.”
In addition to the hostess, mice, cockroaches, and a lame cat picked up out of pity lived in the hut.
Every morning, the hostess woke up at 5 am, afraid to oversleep, because she did not really trust her watch, which was already 27 years old. She fed her "dirty white crooked-horned goat" and prepared a simple breakfast for the guest.
Somehow Matryona learned from rural women that "a new pension law has come out." And Matryona began to seek a pension, but it was very difficult to get it, the different offices to which the woman was sent were located tens of kilometers from each other, and the day had to be spent, because of one signature.
People in the village lived in poverty, despite the fact that peat bogs spread for hundreds of kilometers around Talnovo, the peat from them "belonged to the trust." Rural women had to drag bags of peat for themselves for the winter, hiding from the raids of the guards. The land here was sandy, yielded by the poor.
People in the village often called Matryona to their garden, and she, leaving her business, went to help them. Talnovo women almost lined up to take Matryona to their garden, because she worked for pleasure, rejoicing at a good harvest from others.
Once a month and a half, the hostess had a turn to feed the shepherds. This dinner “driven Matryona into a big expense,” because she had to buy sugar, canned food, and butter. The grandmother herself did not allow herself such a luxury even for the holidays, living only on what the wretched garden gave her.
Matryona once told about the horse Volchka, who got scared and "carried the sleigh into the lake." “The men jumped back, and she grabbed the bridle and stopped it.” At the same time, despite the seeming fearlessness, the hostess was afraid of the fire and, to the point of trembling in her knees, the train.
By the winter, Matryona nevertheless counted her pension. Neighbors began to envy her. And my grandmother finally ordered herself new felt boots, a coat from an old overcoat, and hid two hundred rubles for the funeral.
Once, three of her younger sisters came to Matryona at Epiphany evenings. The author was surprised, because he had not seen them before. I thought maybe they were afraid that Matryona would ask them for help, so they didn’t come.
With the receipt of a pension, the grandmother seemed to come to life, and the work was easier for her, and the disease bothered less often. Only one event darkened my grandmother's mood: at Epiphany in the church, someone took her pot of holy water, and she was left without water and without a pot.
Chapter 2
Talnovo women asked Matryona about her lodger. And she passed questions to him. The author told the hostess only that he was in prison. He himself did not ask about the old woman's past, did not think that there was something interesting there. I only knew that she got married and came to this hut as a mistress. She had six children, but they all died. Later she had a pupil Kira. And Matrona's husband did not return from the war.
Somehow, having come home, the narrator saw an old man - Faddey Mironovich. He came to ask for his son - Antoshka Grigoriev. The author recalls that for this insanely lazy and arrogant boy, who was transferred from class to class just so as not to “spoil academic performance”, sometimes for some reason Matryona herself asked. After the petitioner left, the narrator learned from the hostess that it was the brother of her missing husband. That evening she told him that she was to marry him. As a nineteen-year-old girl, Matrena loved Thaddeus. But he was taken to the war, where he went missing. Three years later, Thaddeus's mother died, the house was left without a mistress, and Thaddeus's younger brother, Efim, came to woo the girl. No longer hoping to see her beloved, Matryona got married in the hot summer and became the mistress of this house, and in the winter Thaddeus returned “from the Hungarian captivity”. Matryona threw herself at his feet, and he said that "if it were not for my brother, I would have chopped you both."
He later took “another Matryona” as his wife, a girl from a neighboring village, whom he chose as his wife only because of her name.
The author recalled how she came to the hostess and often complained that her husband beats and offends her. She bore Thaddeus six children. And Matryona's children were born and died almost immediately. It's the corruption, she thought.
Soon the war began, and Yefim was taken away from where he never returned. Lonely Matryona took little Kira from the "Second Matryona" and raised her for 10 years, until the girl married a driver and left. Since Matryona was very ill, she soon took care of the will, in which she awarded the pupil part of her hut - a wooden annex room.
Kira came to visit and said that in Cherusty (where she lives), in order to get land for young people, it is necessary to build some kind of building. For this purpose, the bequeathed Matryona chamber was very suitable. Thaddeus began to come often and persuade the woman to give her up now, during her lifetime. Matryona did not feel sorry for the upper room, but it was terrible to break the roof of the house. And so, on a cold February day, Thaddeus came with his sons and began to separate the upper room, which he once built with his father.
For two weeks the chamber lay near the house, because the blizzard covered all the roads. But Matryona was not herself, besides, her three sisters came and scolded her for allowing her to give up the upper room. On the same days, "the rickety cat wandered off the yard and disappeared," which greatly upset the hostess.
Once, returning from work, the narrator saw how the old man Thaddeus drove a tractor and loaded a dismantled upper room onto two makeshift sledges. After they drank moonshine and in the dark they drove the hut to Cherusti. Matryona went to see them off, but never returned. At one in the morning the author heard voices in the village. It turned out that the second sleigh, which, out of greed, Thaddeus attached to the first, got stuck on flights, crumbled. At that time, a steam locomotive was moving, it was not visible because of the hillock, because of the tractor engine it was not audible. He ran into a sleigh, one of the drivers, the son of Thaddeus and Matryona, died. Late at night, Matryona's friend Masha came, told about it, grieved, and then told the author that Matryona bequeathed her "bundle" to her, and she wants to take it in memory of her friend.
Chapter 3
The next morning, Matryona was going to be buried. The narrator describes how the sisters came to say goodbye to her, crying “for show” and blaming Thaddeus and his family for her death. Only Kira grieved sincerely for the deceased foster mother, and the “Second Matryona”, the wife of Thaddeus. The old man himself was not at the wake. When they were transporting the ill-fated upper room, the first sleigh with boards and armor remained standing at the crossing. And, at a time when one of his sons died, his son-in-law was under investigation, and his daughter Kira almost lost her mind with grief, he only worried about how to deliver the sleigh home, and begged all his friends to help him.
After Matryona's funeral, her hut was "filled up until spring", and the author moved to "one of her sister-in-laws". The woman often remembered Matryona, but all with condemnation. And in these memories a completely new image of a woman arose, which was so strikingly different from the people around. Matryona lived with an open heart, she always helped others, she never refused to help anyone, even though her health was poor.
A. I. Solzhenitsyn ends his work with the words: “We all lived next to her, and did not understand that she was the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, not a village stands. Neither city. Not all our land."
Conclusion
The work of Alexander Solzhenitsyn tells about the fate of a sincere Russian woman, who "had fewer sins than a rickety cat." The image of the main character is the image of that very righteous man, without whom the village cannot stand. Matryona devotes her whole life to others, there is not a drop of malice or falseness in her. People around take advantage of her kindness, and do not realize how holy and pure this woman's soul is.
Since the brief retelling of "Matryona Dvor" does not convey the original author's speech and the atmosphere of the story, it is worth reading it in full.
Story test
Retelling rating
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Year: 1959 Genre: story
1959 Alexander Solzhenitsyn writes the story "Matryona Dvor", which will be published only in 1963. The essence of the plot of the text of the work is that - Matryona, the main character lives like everyone else at that time. She is one. He lets a lodger-narrator into his hut. She never lived for herself. Her whole life is about helping someone. At the end of the work, the absurd death of Matryona is told.
the main idea remarkable work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Matrenin Dvor” is that the author focuses the reader’s attention on the way of life in the village, but this way of life includes spiritual poverty and moral deformity of people. The vital truth of Matryona is righteousness. Solzhenitsyn asks the question: “What will be overcast on the scales of life?” Probably, it was for this reason that the story was originally called "A village does not stand without a righteous man."
Read the summary of Solzhenitsyn's Matrenin Dvor chapter by chapter
Chapter 1
The author-narrator in 1956 returns from "places not so remote" to Russia. No one is waiting for him, and he does not need to hurry. He has a great desire to be a teacher somewhere in the taiga outback. He was offered to go to Vysokoye Pole, but he did not like it there, and he voluntarily asked to go to the place "Peat product".
In fact, this is the village of Talnovo. In this village, the author met a kind woman in the market who helped him find shelter. So he became a tenant of Matryona. Mice, cockroaches, and a shaggy cat lived in Matrena's hut. And there were ficuses on the stools, and they were also members of the Matryona family.
The rhythm of Matryona's life was constant: she got up at 5 in the morning, because she did not rely on the clock (they were already about 27 years old), fed the goat and cooked breakfast for the tenant.
Matryona was told that a decree had been issued according to which one could receive a pension. She began to seek a pension, but the office was far away, and there, either the seal was in the wrong place, or the certificate was outdated. In general, everything did not work out.
In general, people in Talnovo lived in poverty. And this despite the fact that the village was surrounded by peat bogs. But the land belonged to the trust, and in order not to freeze in winter, people were forced to steal peat and hide it in secluded places.
Matryona was often asked by her fellow villagers for help in the garden. She did not refuse anyone and provided assistance with pleasure. She liked the growth of living plants.
Once every 6 months, it was Matryona's turn to feed the shepherds, and this event drove Matryona into a big expense. She herself ate poorly.
Closer to winter, Matryona was given a pension. The neighbors became jealous of her. Matryona made herself new felt boots, a coat from an old overcoat and hid 200 rubles for the funeral.
Baptism has come. At this time, her younger sisters came to Matryona. The author was surprised that they had not come to her before. Matryona, having received a pension, became happier and, one might say, “bloomed with her soul.” The only darkening was that in the church someone took away her bucket of holy water, and she was left without a bucket and without water.
Chapter 2
All Matrena's neighbors were interested in her guest. She, due to her old age, recounted their questions to him. The narrator told Matryona that he was in prison. Matryona was also not particularly willing to talk about her life. About the fact that she got married, that she gave birth to 6 children, but all of them died in infancy. The husband did not return from the war.
Once Thaddeus came to Matryona. He pleaded for his son in front of the narrator. In the evening, the author learns that Thaddeus is the brother of Matryonushka's deceased husband.
On the same evening, Matrena opened up, told how she loved Thaddeus, how she married his brother, how Thaddeus returned from captivity and she obeyed him. How Thaddeus later married another girl. This girl gave birth to Thaddeus six children, and Matryona's children did not heal in this world.
Then, according to Matryona, the war began, her husband went to fight and never returned. Then Matrena took her niece Kira and raised her for 10 years, until the girl grew up. Since Matrena was in poor health, she thought about death early, accordingly wrote a will and in it she condemned Kira, an annex room.
Kira comes to Matryona and talks about the fact that in order to get land in the property, something must be built on it. So Thaddeus began to persuade Matryona to move the annex to Kira in the village. Matryona hesitated for a long time, but nevertheless decided. Then Thaddeus and his sons began to separate the upper room from the hut.
The weather was windy and frosty, so the disassembled chamber lay at Matryona's hut for quite a long time. Matryona was grieving, and the cat, on top of everything else, was gone.
One fine day, the author came home and saw Thaddeus loading an upper room on a sledge to transport it to a new place. Matryona decided to see the chamber out. Late at night, the author heard voices and learned the terrible news that at the crossing the locomotive ran into the second sleigh and the son of Thaddeus and Matryona died.
Chapter 3
It's dawn. They brought the body of Matryona. Preparations are underway for the funeral. Her sisters grieve "from the people." Only Kira is sincerely sad, and Thaddeus's wife. The old man was not at the wake - he was trying to deliver a sleigh with boards and logs home.
Matryona was buried, her hut was boarded up with boards, and the narrator was forced to move to another house. He always remembered Matryonushka with a kind word and with affection. The new mistress always condemned Matryona. The story ends with the words: “We all lived next to her, and did not understand that she was the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, not a village stands. Neither city. Not all our land."
Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor"
Picture or drawing Matrenin Dvor
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The author begins his story with the story that at the 184th km from Moscow, following the Ryazan railway, trains slowed down for another six months after one event. After reading the summary of the book "Matryona Dvor", you will find out what happened at this place. Passengers looked out the windows for a long time, wanting to see with their own eyes the reason, which was known only to the drivers.
Beginning of the first chapter
The following events begin the first chapter, its summary. "Matryona Dvor" consists of three chapters.
Ignatich, the narrator, returned to Russia from sultry Kazakhstan in the summer of 1956, having not yet determined exactly where he would go. He was not expected anywhere.
How the narrator ended up in the village of Talnovo
He could do only the most unskilled work a year before the events described in the work. He would hardly have been hired even as an electrician for a decent construction. And the narrator "wanted to teach." Now he entered timidly into the Vladimir oblono and asked if mathematics teachers were needed in the outback? I was very surprised by this statement of local officials, since everyone wanted to work closer to the city. The narrator from the work "Matryona's Dvor" was sent to the High Field. A brief summary, analysis of this story is best compiled, mentioning that he did not immediately settle in the village of Talnovo.
Apart from the beautiful name, there was nothing in the High Field. He refused this work, because it was necessary to eat something. Then he was offered to go to the Peat product station. This unsightly village consisted of houses and barracks. There was no forest here at all. This place turned out to be rather dull, but I didn’t have to choose. Ignatich, having spent the night at the station, learned that the nearest village was Talnovo, followed by Spudni, Chaslitsy, Ovintsy, Shevertni, which were away from the railway tracks. This interested our hero, he decided to find housing here.
Ignatich's new place of residence - Matrenin Dvor
A brief summary of further events in parts will be described by us in sequence. It turned out shortly after the narrator's arrival at the place that it was not so easy to find housing. Despite the fact that the teacher was a profitable tenant (the school promised him a peat car in addition to paying for the apartment for the winter), all the huts here were overcrowded. Only on the outskirts did Ignatich find himself an unsightly shelter - Matryona's yard. Summary, analysis of works - all these are just auxiliary materials. For a holistic understanding of the story, you should familiarize yourself with the author's original.
Matrona's house was large, but unkempt and dilapidated. It was built soundly and long ago, for a large family, but now only a single woman of about 60 lived here. Matryona was unwell. She complained of a "black disease", lay on the stove. The hostess did not show much joy at the sight of Ignatich, but he immediately understood that he was destined to settle here.
Life in Matryona's hut
Matryona spent most of her time on the stove, allocating the best place to numerous ficuses. The corner at the window was assigned to the guest. Here he put a table, a folding bed, books, fenced off from the main space with ficuses.
In addition to Matrena Vasilievna, cockroaches, mice and a lopsided cat lived in the hut. Cockroaches escaped from the cat behind wallpaper pasted in several layers. Soon the guest got used to his new life. At 4 o'clock in the morning the hostess got up, milked the goat, and then boiled potatoes in 3 iron pots: for the goat, for herself and for the guest. The food was monotonous: either "peeled potatoes", or barley porridge, or "cardboard soup" (as everyone in the village called it). However, Ignatich was also pleased with this, since life taught him to find the meaning of life not in food.
How Matrena Vasilievna was busy with her pension
The summary of the story "Matrenin Dvor" further introduces the reader in more detail to the hostess, with whom Ignatich settled. Matryona had many grievances that autumn. A new pension law came out at that time. Neighbors advised her to seek a pension, the right to which the woman “did not deserve,” because she worked for 25 years on a collective farm for workdays, and not for money. Now Matryona was sick, but she was not considered an invalid for the same reason. It was also necessary to apply for a pension for her husband, for the loss of a breadwinner. However, he had been gone for 15 years, from the very beginning of the war, and now it was not easy to get certificates from various places about his experience and earnings. Several times I had to rewrite these papers, correct them, then take them to the social security, and he was 20 km from Talnov. The village council was located 10 km in the other direction, and an hour's walk in the third direction was the village council.
Matryona is forced to steal peat
Having fruitlessly resembled 2 months, the old woman was exhausted - the heroine, which was created in the work of Solzhenitsyn ("Matryona's yard"). Brief summary, unfortunately, does not allow to make an exhaustive description of it. She complained of being harassed. After these senseless walks, Matryona set to work: she dug potatoes or went for peat and returned tired and enlightened. Ignatich asked her if the peat machine allocated by the school would not be enough? But Matryona assured him that it was necessary to stock up on three cars for the winter. Officially, the inhabitants were not entitled to peat, and for theft they were caught and tried. The chairman of the collective farm walked around the village, vaguely and demandingly or ingenuously looking into the eyes and talking about everything except fuel, because he stocked up himself. They pulled peat from the trust. It was possible to carry away a bag of 2 pounds at a time. It was enough for one fire.
Work-saturated everyday life of Matryona Vasilievna
The everyday work of Matryona is an important part of the work. It is impossible to do without their description, making up a summary of the story "Matryona Dvor" by Solzhenitsyn. Matryona went 5-6 times a day, hiding the stolen peat so that it would not be taken away. The patrol often caught women at the entrance to the village, and also searched the yards. However, the approach of winter was inevitable, and people were forced to overcome fear. Let's take a look at this in a summary. Matrenin Dvor introduces us further to Ignatich's observations. He noticed that the day of her mistress was filled with many things. The woman carried peat, stored lingonberries for the winter, hay for the goat, dug "carts". We had to mow in the swamps, because the collective farm cut off plots for the disabled, although for 15 acres it was necessary to work out at the local collective farm, where there were not enough hands. When Ignatich's mistress was called to collective farm work, the woman did not protest, she dutifully agreed, having learned about the time of collection. Often called to help Matryona and neighbors - to plow a garden or dig potatoes. The woman dropped everything and went to help the petitioner. She did it completely free of charge, considering it a duty.
She also had a job when she had to feed the goat herders every 1.5 months. The woman went to the general store and bought food that she did not eat herself: sugar, butter, canned fish. The hostesses laid out in front of each other, trying to better feed the shepherds, as they would be praised throughout the village if something went wrong.
Matryona was sometimes overwhelmed by illness. Then the woman lay, practically not moving, not wanting anything but peace. At this time, Masha, her close friend from an early age, came to help with the housework.
The life of Matrena Timofeevna is getting better
However, things called Matryona to life, and, after lying down for a while, she got up, paced slowly, then began to move more quickly. She told Ignatich that she was brave and strong in her youth. Now Matryona was afraid of fire, and trains - most of all.
The life of Matryona Vasilievna nevertheless improved by winter. They began to pay her a pension of 80 rubles, and even the school allocated 100 rubles for a guest. Matryona was envied by her neighbors. And she, having sewn 200 rubles into the lining of her coat for her funeral, said that now she, too, saw a little peace. Relatives even showed up - 3 sisters, who were afraid before that the woman would ask them for help.
Second chapter
Matrena tells Ignatich about herself
Ignatich eventually spoke about himself. He reported that he spent a long time in prison. The old woman nodded her head in silence, as if she had suspected this before. He also learned that Matrona had married before the revolution and immediately settled in this hut. She had 6 children, but they all died in infancy. The husband did not return from the war, went missing. Kira lived with Matryona. And returning one day from school, Ignatich found a tall black old man in a hut. His face was completely overgrown with a black beard. It turned out to be Faddey Mironovich, Matrena's brother-in-law. He came to ask for Anton Grigoriev, his negligent son, who studied in the 8th grade. Matrena Vasilievna told in the evening that she almost married him in her youth.
Faddey Mironovich
Faddey Mironovich wooed her first, earlier than Yefim. She was 19 and he was 23. However, the war broke out, and Thaddeus was taken to the front. Matryona waited for him for 3 years, but not a single news came. The revolutions were over, and Yefim got married. On July 12, on Peter's Day, they got married, and on October 14, on Pokrov, Thaddeus returned from Hungarian captivity. If not for his brother, Thaddeus would have killed both Matryona and Yefim. He said later that he would be looking for a wife with the same name. And so Thaddeus brought the "second Matryona" to a new hut. He often beat his wife, and she ran to complain about him to Matryona Vasilievna.
Kira in the life of Matryona
What, it would seem, to regret Thaddeus? 6 children were born to him by his wife, all of them survived. And the children of Matrena Vasilievna died before they reached 3 months. The woman believed that she was spoiled. In 1941, Thaddeus was not taken to the front because of his blindness, but Yefim went to war and went missing. Matryona Vasilievna begged Kira, her youngest daughter, from the "second Matryona" and raised her for 10 years, after which she married her to a machinist from Cherust. Then, suffering from illnesses and awaiting her death, Matryona announced her will - to give after death a separate log house of the chamber as a legacy to Kira. She said nothing about the hut itself, which her three sisters were planning to get.
Matrona's hut was broken
Let's describe how Matryona's hut was broken, continuing the summary. "Matryona's Dvor" is a story in which Solzhenitsyn tells us further that Kira, shortly after the narrator's frank conversation with her mistress, came to Matryona from Cherusti, and old Thaddeus became worried. It turned out that in Cherusty young people were offered a plot of land for building a house, so Kira needed Matrena's room. Fired up to seize the plot in Cherusty, Thaddeus frequented Matryona Vasilievna, demanding from her the promised upper room. The woman did not sleep for 2 nights, it was not easy for her to decide to break the roof under which she lived for 40 years. This meant for Matryona the end of her life. Thaddeus came one day in February with 5 sons and they made 5 axes. While the men were breaking down the hut, the women were preparing moonshine for the day of loading. A son-in-law arrived from Cherusti, a machinist with a tractor driver. However, the weather changed dramatically, and for 2 weeks the broken room was not given to the tractor.
fatal event
Matryona gave up very much during this time. Her sisters scolded her for giving Kira the room, the cat had gone somewhere ... The road finally settled, a tractor arrived with a large sledge, then the second one was hastily knocked down. They began to argue about how to take them - together or separately. The driver-in-law and Thaddeus were afraid that the tractor could not pull two sledges, and the tractor driver did not want to make two walks. He did not have time to make them overnight, and the tractor should be in the garage by morning. The men, having loaded the upper room, sat down at the table, but not for long - the darkness forced them to hurry. Matryona jumped out after the men, complaining that one tractor was not enough. Matryona did not return after an hour or 4. At one o'clock in the morning there was a knock on the hut and 4 railway workers entered. They asked if the workers and the tractor driver had been drinking before they left. Ignatich blocked the entrance to the kitchen, and they noticed with annoyance that there was no drinking bout in the hut. Leaving, one of them said that everyone was "turned around", and the fast train almost went off the rails.
Details of what happened
Let us include some details of this tragic event in our summary of the story "Matryona's Dvor". Matrena's friend, Masha, who came with the workers, said that a tractor with the first sled had crossed the crossing, but the second, self-made, got stuck, as the cable pulling them burst. The tractor tried to pull them out, the son of Thaddeus and the tractor driver got along with the cable, Matryona also undertook to help them. The driver was watching to ensure that the train from Cherustey did not turn up. And then a shunting locomotive was moving backwards, moving without lights, and it crushed the three of them. The tractor was working, so the locomotive was not heard. What happened to the heroes of the work? The summary of Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" gives an answer to this question. The drivers survived and immediately rushed to slow down the ambulance. They barely made it. Witnesses fled. Kira's husband almost hanged himself, he was pulled out of the noose. After all, because of him, the aunt and brother of his wife died. Kira's husband then went to surrender to the authorities.
Third chapter
The summary of the story "Matryona Dvor" continues with a description of the third chapter of the work. Matryona's remains were brought in a sack in the morning. Her three sisters came, locked the chest, seized the property. They wept, reproaching the woman that she died without listening to them, allowing them to break the chamber. Approaching the coffin, the ancient old woman said sternly that there are two riddles in the world: a person does not remember how he was born, and does not know how he will die.
What happened after the event on the railroad
The summary of the story "Matryona Dvor" cannot be described by chapters without telling about what happened after the fatal event on the railway. The tractor driver left the human court. The road administration was to blame for the fact that the busy crossing was not guarded, that the locomotive "raft" was moving without lights. That is why they wanted to blame everything on booze, and when this did not work out, they decided to hush up the court. The repair of the mangled tracks took 3 days. The gratuitous logs were burned by the freezing workers. Thaddeus rushed about, trying to save the remnants of the chamber. He did not grieve about the woman he once loved and his son, who had been killed. Having gathered his relatives, he took the upper room to a detour through 3 villages to his yard. Those who died at the crossing were buried in the morning. Thaddeus came after the funeral, dressed up about property with Matryona's sisters. In addition to the upper room, he was given a barn in which a goat lived, as well as the entire internal fence. He brought everything with his sons to his yard.
The story that Solzhenitsyn wrote ("Matryona's Dvor") is coming to an end. A summary of the final events of this work is as follows. They boarded up Matrona's hut. Ignatich moved in with her sister-in-law. She tried in every possible way to humiliate his former mistress, saying that she helped everyone disinterestedly, was dirty and clumsy. And only then the image of Matryona surfaced before the narrator, with whom he lived side by side, not understanding her. This woman did not go out of her way to buy things and then keep them alive, she did not chase after outfits that embellish villains and freaks. Unappreciated and understood by no one, she was that righteous man, without whom not a single village, not a single city stands. Our whole land does not stand without it, as Solzhenitsyn believes. "Matryona Dvor", a summary of which was presented in this article, is one of the most famous and best works of this author. Andrei Sinyavsky called it "the fundamental thing" of "village literature" in our country. Of course, the summary does not convey the artistic value of the work. "Matrenin Dvor" (Solzhenitsyn) was described chapter by chapter in order to acquaint the reader with the plot outline of the story.
Surely you will be interested to know that the work is based on real events. In reality, the heroine of the story was called Zakharova Matryona Vasilievna. In the village of Miltsevo, the events described in the story actually took place. We have only summarized it. "Matrenin Dvor" (Solzhenitsyn), described in chapters in this article, introduces the reader to village life in Soviet times, to the type of righteous man, without whom not a single village stands.
The story opens with a kind of preface. This is not a big, purely autobiographical story about how the author, after the easing of the regime in 1956 (after the XX Congress), left Kazakhstan back to Russia. In search of a job as a teacher, Alexander Isaevich ended up in the Russian North, where he settled for several years in the vicinity of a peat miners village. At the bazaar of this village, the author met a good-natured peasant woman selling milk, who promised Alexander Isaevich to find housing in one of the neighboring villages - Talnovo. Solzhenitsyn managed to settle with the lonely "grandmother Matryona." From this moment on, the personality of the author recedes into the background, and the further narration concerns only Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva.
The author begins the scene of his acquaintance with Matryona with a description of the wretched appearance and more than modest interior decoration of this woman's hut. Despite the poverty and apparent wretchedness, her house is imagined by the author as the most beautiful place in the village, and the interior of this dwelling carries some inexplicable flavor.
The description of the house is followed by a story about the modest and quiet life of a lonely old woman. All that Matryona has is a rickety hut, a crooked-horned goat in a dilapidated barn, as well as a lame (“shaky-legged”) cat, mice and cockroaches. The unexpected tenant at first tried to exterminate the nasty insects, but then he abandoned these attempts and even found such a neighborhood pleasant: there was “no lie” in the rustling of cockroaches, it was a real, seething life, not in the least similar to the gloomy life of people. Ma-trena also had a garden that did not give birth to anything except small potatoes.
Grandmother Matryona was unlucky that autumn, and the old woman's lodger witnessed many of her "grievances." Due to poor, torn health, Matryona was released from the collective farm, and for a long time she could not get a pension. It was as if the officials deliberately created all sorts of obstacles to this, chasing the old woman two or three times for different pieces of paper, either to the village council (10 km to the west), or to the social security (20 km to the east). The old woman, in her words, completely "took care of herself." Autumn brought with it numerous household chores. First of all, Matryona needed to stock up on peat to heat the stove. Despite the fact that peat extraction was carried out directly near the village, fuel was not given to local residents. And just as the peasants once stole timber from the master, the Talkov women dragged peat from the trust: they went to the developed peat bogs and stuffed sacks with bits of fuel there, risking running into trouble. Matryona's other concern was to prepare hay for the goat. As under the landlords, under the Soviet regime everything had its own owner: it was forbidden to mow the grass along the tracks, in the forest, and on the collective farm. It remained to trade this only on the islets in the middle of the swamp.
Although grandmother Matryona was released from the collective farm, she still remained in demand for various jobs. The old woman, without objection, fulfilled any request, most often heard in the mouth of the chairman or his wife (“chairwoman”) as an order. The rest of the women strove to evade this work, since the collective farm had neither agricultural implements nor money to pay for labor. Matre-na did not demand any remuneration for her work. Many neighbors took advantage of Matryona's naivety more than once, persuading her to work in their gardens. After such labors, old Matryona always lay in bed, but she was ashamed to call a doctor, otherwise they would be ridiculed in the village - they would say: “Bary-nya!” The life of the old woman became a little better only at the end of autumn, when they finally began to pay her pension, which caused the envy of many neighbors. The “rich” Matryona suddenly showed up three sisters, whom the author had never heard of before.
Over time, Matrena and her lodger got used to each other, so Alexander Isaevich became frank with her. However, the old woman was not curious: she rarely asked the guest questions, and she understood a lot herself, without explanation. The author had to discover the grandmother Matre-nu for himself. It all started with the visit of Thaddeus Mironovich Grigoriev, who asked for a teacher (author) for his son, the “last child”. Subsequently, the author learned that Thaddeus was the brother of Matryona's husband Yefim, who went missing in the last war. It turned out that Thaddeus, even before Yefim, asked for Matryona's hand, and when he was refused, he began to look for a "second" Matryona, that is, a girl with the same name, as his wife. Alexander Isaevich looked at Matryona differently, so that even her hut seemed to him now new, not dilapidated.
Thaddeus soon reappeared, in which the author vaguely sensed a bad omen. If Thaddeus fawned before the teacher, portraying a sickly and old man, now he somehow rejuvenated and behaved boldly: he rudely demanded from his grandmother a room for his (and in a sense, her) relatives - the newlyweds. Matryona meekly agreed, although she was very worried internally. For two weeks, her husband's relatives broke the room for transportation to another village. All these two weeks, the old woman's mental anguish lasted, which was aggravated by a quarrel with her sisters and the loss of a “shaky-legged” cat. material from the site
Out of spiritual simplicity, the vain Matryona volunteered to help the tipsy tractor driver and her husband's relatives with the transportation of the upper room. This led to tragic consequences: while crossing the railroad tracks, people fell under a train, and Matryona, who "always interfered in men's affairs", died. The lodger-teacher could only bitterly regret that "on the last day" he first quarreled with Matryona, and because of a trifle - because of a quilted jacket. And it also seemed to the author that Thaddeus fulfilled a long-standing threat to destroy Matryona, who had refused him.
Farewell to the deceased turned into a struggle between her husband's and Matryona's relatives for the inheritance left by the old woman - a goat and a hut. In the weeping of these people at the coffin, the author saw "a coldly thought out, primordially established order." Matryona's sisters blamed her husband's nude for her death and hinted that they would not receive a hut. The husband's relatives averted the blame and hinted that they were still struggling with the hut. Only the “second” Matryona “strayed” from this policy and simply sobbed over the coffin, for which everyone drove her away. After the funeral, a wake was held, at which everyone drank and talked about trifles, occasionally saying something in memory of Matryona, but without any feeling.
The story ends with a small digression, in which the role of the author again increases. Alexander Isaevich tells how he moved to one of Matryona's sister-in-laws and, through unfriendly talk about the old woman, discovered this amazing woman for the second time. In the end, the author became convinced that it was people like Matryona who held the Russian land together.
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Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn.
"Matryonin's Yard"
In the summer of 1956, at the one hundred and eighty-fourth kilometer from Moscow, a passenger got off along the railway line to Murom and Kazan. This is a storyteller whose fate is reminiscent of the fate of Solzhenitsyn himself (he fought, but from the front he “delayed with the return of ten years”, that is, he spent time in the camp, which is also evidenced by the fact that when the narrator got a job, every letter in his documents "perepal"). He dreams of working as a teacher in the depths of Russia, away from urban civilization. But living in the village with the wonderful name High Field did not work out, because they did not bake bread and did not sell anything edible there. And then he is transferred to a village with a monstrous name for his hearing Peat product. However, it turns out that “not everything is around peat extraction” and there are also villages with the names Chaslitsy, Ovintsy, Spudni, Shevertni, Shestimirovo ...
This reconciles the narrator with his share, for it promises him "condo Russia". In one of the villages called Talnovo, he settles. The mistress of the hut in which the narrator lodges is called Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva, or simply Matryona.
The fate of Matryona, about which she does not immediately, not considering it interesting for a "cultured" person, sometimes in the evenings tells the guest, fascinates and at the same time stuns him. He sees a special meaning in her fate, which is not noticed by fellow villagers and relatives of Matryona. The husband went missing at the beginning of the war. He loved Matryona and did not beat her like village husbands beat their wives. But Matryona herself hardly loved him. She was supposed to marry her husband's older brother, Thaddeus. However, he went to the front in the First World War and disappeared. Matryona was waiting for him, but in the end, at the insistence of the Thaddeus family, she married her younger brother, Yefim. And suddenly Thaddeus, who was in Hungarian captivity, returned. According to him, he did not kill Matryona and her husband with an ax just because Yefim is his brother. Thaddeus loved Matryona so much that he found a new bride for himself with the same name. The “second Matryona” gave birth to Thaddeus six children, but the “first Matryona” had all the children from Yefim (also six) died before they even lived for three months. The whole village decided that Matryona was “spoiled”, and she herself believed in it. Then she took up the daughter of the “second Matryona” - Kira, raised her for ten years, until she got married and left for the village of Cherusti.
Matryona lived all her life as if not for herself. She constantly works for someone: for a collective farm, for neighbors, while doing “peasant” work, and never asks for money for it. There is a huge inner strength in Matryona. For example, she is able to stop a rushing horse on the run, which men cannot stop.
Gradually, the narrator realizes that it is precisely on people like Matryona, who give themselves to others without a trace, that the whole village and the whole Russian land still rests. But this discovery hardly pleases him. If Russia rests only on selfless old women, what will happen to her next?
Hence the absurdly tragic end of the story. Matryona dies helping Thaddeus and his sons to drag part of their own hut, bequeathed to Kira, across the railroad on a sleigh. Thaddeus did not want to wait for the death of Matryona and decided to take the inheritance for the young during her lifetime. Thus, he unwittingly provoked her death. When relatives bury Matryona, they cry more out of duty than from the heart, and think only about the final division of Matryona's property.
Thaddeus doesn't even come to the wake.
In the summer of 1956, the storyteller Ignatich returned to Russia from distant Kazakhstan. After several years spent in prison, it is very difficult for him to find a job as a teacher, so Ignatic decides to look for vacancies in the outback. After going through several villages, the teacher stops in the village of Talnovo, in the hut of Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva. Ignatich immediately turned out to be a profitable guest for her, because for him the school, in addition to the rent, allocated a peat machine for heating in the winter.
Matrona's life was not easy. At the age of 19, Thaddeus began to woo her, but they did not have time to play a wedding, since Thaddeus went to war. For three years there was not a single news from Thaddeus, and Matryona, completely losing hope, married his younger brother Yefim. Thaddeus, freed from Hungarian captivity, returned to his homeland six months later and almost hacked to death Matryona and Yefim. Without ceasing to love Matryona, Thaddeus married a girl with the same name, who bore him six children. Matryona did not work out with children, all her children died before they reached three months. Having asked his wife Thaddeus for a daughter to raise, Matryona raised Kira for ten years, until she got married and moved.
Matryona lived her whole life for someone, but not for herself. She constantly worked for the collective farm and always helped all neighbors and petitioners for free, considering it her duty. Once in a month and a half, Matryona had the duty to feed the shepherds who grazed the goats. Then Matrena spent almost all her money on foods that she herself did not eat at all: canned food, butter, sugar. Trying to please the shepherds with a good dinner, she was afraid that for a bad dinner they would spread bad rumors about her in the village.
Constantly ill, Matrena decided that after her death, the log cabin of the upper room should go to Kira. Thaddeus found out that young people at that time were given a piece of land for free, and here Matrona's room came in handy more than ever. Thaddeus frequented Matryona, demanding to give back what he had promised, and a few days later Matryona made up her mind. Thaddeus and his sons quickly dismantled the room and loaded it onto two sledges, which the hired tractor was supposed to transfer to a new site. At the railway crossing, the cable that pulled the second sleigh burst. The tractor driver, the son of Thaddeus and Matryona, got along with a broken cable and did not notice the locomotive, which, without side lights, was backing up.
The court case on the death of three people was quickly hushed up, and Thaddeus did not even appear at the wake. In this story, Matryona symbolizes a simple and good-natured person from the outback, who did not chase all his life for wealth and unnecessary clothes, but was always happy to help others in difficult times.