English pronouns them. How to learn pronouns in English easily

Pronouns

A pronoun is a part of speech that replaces or describes other parts of speech. There are a huge number of pronouns in the English language. They can be divided into the following groups:

Now consider each group of pronouns:

Personal pronouns. These are the most common group of pronouns and appear in almost every sentence in English, so try to learn them so they come to mind. Personal pronouns are divided into two cases: nominative and objective.

The pronoun in the nominative case replaces the subject in the sentence, and in the objective case it replaces the object. Let's look at the personal pronouns in the table:

them [ðem] - them, them

Where l. - face; units h - singular; pl. h - plural.

I must go to you.- I have to go to you.
We should sleep every night.- We have to sleep every night.
Did you see them?- Did you see them?
You were there.- You were there.
He can work with her.- He can work with her.
She is having breakfast.- She is having a breakfast.
It is the gold coin.- It's a gold coin.
They left us.- They left us.

Personal pronouns in English have a number of features:

Personal pronoun I always starts with a capital letter, regardless of the place in the sentence:

May I come in?

Personal pronoun you used in singular and plural. While the verb to be is always used with it in the plural, even if you stands in the sentence in the singular:

You are beautiful.

If there are several personal pronouns in the sentence, then their order is as follows - 2 liters. and 3 l. are placed before 1 l., 2 l. placed in front of 3 l. in any cases (remember that pronouns always replace other parts of speech, so if there is a noun instead of a pronoun, then the word order is determined by the same rule):

You and your brother should do the homework.

He asked father and me.

The objective case of personal pronouns can be in the genitive (whom?, what?), dative (whom?, what?), instrumental (by whom?, what?) and prepositional (about whom, about what) cases, examples:

I did it for her.

She gave me an apple.

It was bought by us.

The bird cared about them.

A feature of the English language is that the division by gender in speech is expressed only with people. In other cases, the personal pronoun is used It. It is put in place of inanimate objects, animals or children. This greatly simplifies the process of learning the language, since we do not need to learn what kind of this or that noun to replace it with the corresponding pronoun, as we do in Russian. However, if we want to emphasize the gender of some phenomenon, animal, it is allowed to use pronouns he and she. Also pronoun It can be as a formal subject (when there is no subject in the Russian translation - see general information about the sentence), examples:

I took a pen. It is black

It is hot now.

Possessive pronouns. They denote the belonging of a noun to an object or subject. As a rule, they correspond to a personal pronoun in a sentence. There are basic and absolute forms.

Main form The possessive pronoun stands in the sentence together with the noun and characterizes its ownership.

Absolute form replaces a noun in a sentence, but it is implied that the noun was previously spoken of. This allows you to get rid of unnecessary repetition of the same word in the text.

Please note that the possessive pronoun in English is used much more often than in Russian. In English, when talking about body parts, clothing, personal belongings, then the possessive pronoun is necessarily put, although in Russian it is usually omitted:

He waves his hand.- He waves his hand.

Let's look at possessive pronouns:

mine

my you

your

yours

your he

his

his she

her

hers

her it

its

his her you pl. h.

your

yours

your we

our

ours

our they

their [ðeə(r)]

theirs [ðeəz]

them

Examples of the main form:

I gave you my pen.- I gave you my pen.
You can go with your friend.- You can go with your friend.
It was his phone.- It was his phone.
We came to her mother.- We came to her mother.
The dog gives me its paw.- The dog gives me a paw.
They can't do our work.- They can't do our job.
They left me their child.- They left me their child.

Absolute form examples:

This is her car. Mine is broken.- It's her car. Mine is broken.
Your table is dirty. Ours is cleaner.- Your table is dirty. Our table is cleaner.
I forgot my pencil. Can you give me yours?- I forgot my pencil. Can you give me yours?

Similarly, sentences are constructed with other possessive pronouns. And yet, if there is an adjective before the noun, then the possessive pronoun is placed before the adjective:

I like your red coat.- I like your red coat

Possessive pronoun its often confused with the combination it "s - a short form of it is (I am). Its surface was damaged.- Its surface has been damaged.
It is its hair.- It's her hair.

You need to look at the place in the sentence and the adjacent words.

Also, reflexive pronouns act as determiners of nouns, so the use of articles with them is not allowed.

reflexive pronouns. They show that the subject directs the action to itself and is translated into Russian as an addition to the ending of the verb -sya (-s) or the pronoun itself, itself, itself .... Each reflexive pronoun corresponds to a personal pronoun. All of them are shown in the table:

You hit yourself.
- You hit yourself.
he It happened by itself.
- It just happened.
you (pl.) They will introduce themselves tomorrow.
They will introduce themselves tomorrow.

However, when using reflexive pronouns, you need to remember a number of rules:

Instead of a personal pronoun, the corresponding noun can stand:

My dog opened a door itself.

Reflexive pronouns are not used with verbs that themselves imply that the action is directed at themselves, or at each other. These include wash (wash), bath (take a shower), feel (feel), shave (shave), dress (dress), undress (undress), change (change clothes), relax (rest), hide (hide):

She felt bad (you can't say felt herself).

They kissed on the street.

Reflexive pronouns cannot be used with prepositions of place. Since the personal pronoun in the objective case can also be translated to itself, to itself, confusion can arise. In order not to be confused which pronoun to put (reflexive or personal pronoun in the objective case), use the rule: if in the Russian translation of the sentence you can put "himself", then the reflexive pronoun is used, otherwise the personal pronoun in the objective case is used:

She spent all the money herself.

She put an ambrella in front of her.

Interrogative pronouns (words). Also a very common type of pronoun, which is used in interrogative sentences. Let's look at the main ones:

What do you do? What are you doing? When could this happen? When could this happen? Why do we work here? Why are we working here?

how - how

How is it possible? How is this possible?

In general, English interrogative words correspond to Russian ones, but there are a number of features:

Interrogative pronoun who acts as a subject, and is used when questioning people.

Although the interrogative pronoun who has an objective case whom - whom, but more and more often it plays this role in the sentence itself:

Pronoun which used in interrogative sentences when a choice is offered from a limited number of items:

But if we were talking about an unlimited number of locks of all types, the pronoun would be used what:

Relative pronouns. These pronouns are used in complex sentences and belong to subordinate clauses. Most of them also apply to interrogative pronouns. Unlike unions, they act as a member of the sentence in the subordinate clause (usually the subject). Consider the main relative pronouns:

Who- who, who. It is used in sentences with animated objects - people: I saw the gardener who planted this tree. - I saw the gardener who planted this tree.

Whose- which (whose)

It means that an object belongs to some object:

We know a man whose spoon you took.

Which- which. Applies to inanimate objects or animals:

Parents knocked the door which was closed.

That[ðæt] - which

Replaces previous pronouns who and which, and can refer to both animate and inanimate objects:

This was the writer that can "t finish his last book.

Mother bought the new knives that were very sharp.

Demonstrative pronouns. Point to an object or person. Basic demonstrative pronouns:

those [ðəʊz] - those

Demonstrative pronouns denote remoteness not only in distance, but also in time. In a proposal, they can be as the following members of the proposal:

Subject:

This is my ball.

Those were their friends.

Noun determiner:

These cars are very beautiful.

I like that place.

Addition:

Remember this!

A doctor chose these

Please note that if the noun is preceded by a demonstrative pronoun in the form of a determiner, then you do not need to use the article, since the pronoun itself acts as an article.

Two more pronouns can be classified as demonstrative pronouns:

such - such
the same - the same

For example:

Such a big room looks nice.- Such a big room looks good.
It happened at the same time.- It happened at the same time.

quantitative pronouns.

The most famous of this group are the two quantitative pronouns, which can come before any noun in almost any situation: some

And any["eni]. Therefore, in case of difficulty in choosing a determiner for a noun, you can always use one of these pronouns. They indicate the quality or quantity of an object. Moreover, the pronoun some usually used in affirmative sentences, and the pronoun any in negative or interrogative sentences:
I have some questions.- I have a question (some question).
I don't have any questions.- I don't have any questions.
Do you have any questions?- Do you have any questions?
Some boy calls you.- Some guy is calling you (quality).

Often, when translated into Russian, they are omitted as articles:

Some stranger asked you.- A stranger asked you.

There are a number of features with these pronouns:

In questions of requests, the pronoun is used some:

Will you give us some water?

If the pronoun some stands before a numeral, then it translates about, approximately:

Some twenty time he went past her.

Pronouns some and any before the preposition of is translated as some, any:

Some of them can go away.

Did you see any of us there?

Pronoun any translated in affirmative sentences - any:

You can arrive there by any car.

The remaining quantitative pronouns have similar qualities, so let's summarize them in one table:

Pronoun	Application condition	Examples
a lot of [ə lɒt ɒv] - a lot	In affirmative sentences before countable and uncountable nouns	She has a lot of problems.- She has a lot of problems. Workers brought a lot of coal.- The workers brought a lot of coal.
many ["meni] - many	In interrogative and negative sentences before countable nouns	Do you have many pairs of shoes?- Do you have many shoes? There weren "t many trees in the park. There weren't many trees in the park.
much - a lot	In interrogative and negative sentences before uncountable nouns	Does he have much water?- Does he have a lot of water? They don't have much time.- They don't have much time.
few - few	In sentences before countable nouns	He gives few coins.- He gives few coins.
little ["litl] - little	In sentences before uncountable nouns	A plane has little fuel.- The aircraft is low on fuel.
a little [ə "litl] - a little	There is a little tea in the cup.- There is some tea in the mug.
a few [ə fju:] - a little	I want a few new t-shirts.- I want some new T-shirts.

Often these pronouns are referred to as adverbs, since they are translated into Russian by adverbs, and one cannot say that this will be a mistake (look at the formation of degrees of comparison of adverbs).

And there is another quantitative pronoun-determinant of nouns: several["sevrəl] - several

: Several new students took the wrong books. Several new students took the wrong books.

Indefinite and negative pronouns. This is the largest group of pronouns in the English language.

First look at the negative pronoun no

Which is involved in the formation of other negative pronouns. Stands before a noun and denotes the absence of something in a categorical form (that is, this issue is not discussed further):

I saw no children.- I haven't seen the kids.
A cat has no toys.- The cat has no toys.

For the formation of indefinite and negative pronouns are used some, any and no. It must be remembered that in English there cannot be a double negation, that is, if in Russian we can say: Nobody can help me in English, this sentence would contain only one negation: Nobody can help me or Anybody can't help me. Also derivatives formed from particles -one and -body, mean the same thing. For clarity, consider these pronouns in one table:

I cooked something for you.

Did the professor ask you anything?

Somebody will come here.

I don't see anyone.

He is somewhere over there.

Did we meet anywhere else?

Pronouns each- everyone

And every["evri] - although each has a similar meaning, they still differ in meaning:

Pronoun each selects an object from a group (therefore only applies to countable nouns):

Each forester could do it differently.

Pronoun every in the general integer value (all):

Every forester likes a forest.

Derivatives from every- (everyone):

everything["evriθiŋ] - everything

For better memorization, let's break the pronoun into two words: every - each and thing - a thing. And if you add both parts of the Russian translation: each + thing = everything, example:

I know everything about him.

Everything will start here.

everybody["evribɒdi] - all

To remember, let's resort to the same method: every - each and body - the body. And if you add both parts of the Russian translation: each + body = all, an example:

Our teacher said to do this exercise to everybody.

Everybody likes ice cream.

everywhere["evriweə (r)] - everywhere

There were pencils everywhere.

It was dangerous everywhere.

Please note that all these pronouns correspond to 3l. units hours (from the word each), so the verb after them takes the appropriate form.

Pronoun one applies:

As an indefinite personal pronoun and usually not translated into Russian:

One must not smoke here.

One never can go faster this area.

In the form of a substitute word, to avoid unnecessary repetition of a word in a sentence:

I buy new book. This one more interesting.

Pronouns other["ʌðə (r)] - another, one more

another

Other stands before a noun and indicates that the noun is definite, but not the one that was mentioned earlier in the sentence:

I took this glass and you take the other glass on the table.

That is the pronoun other used when selected from a certain number of certain items. If the other subject is unknown, then before other the indefinite article an is put and the pronoun takes the form another:

I took this glass and you take another glass.

It means any other glass. But if the noun is in the plural, then the pronoun is always used. other:

Give me other glasses.

In the case when the pronoun stands without a noun, then it itself is put in the plural:

These are my glasses. You can take others.

Pronoun both- both, both
: I like both colors.- I like both colors.
They are both twenty years old.- They are both 20 years old.
Reciprocal pronouns. This group includes two pronouns:
each other each other, one to another
one another each other, one to another
These pronouns mean the same thing, and in principle they can be interchanged in a sentence:
We love each other.- We love each other. Parents didn't see one another for a long time.- Parents did not see each other for a long time.

A pronoun is a word used instead of the name of an object (or its characteristics) and pointing to it.

For example:

Instead of "girl", we can say: "she".

Instead of "the dress I'm holding" we can say "this is the dress".

There are 5 main groups of pronouns in English:

1. Personal pronouns

2. Possessive pronouns

3. Reflexive pronouns

4. Demonstrative pronouns

5. Interrogative pronouns

Let's take a closer look at the use of these pronouns.

Personal pronouns in English

Personal pronouns are those words with which we replace the character.

The acting person may be:

1. Chief (answers the question "who?")

For example:

My friend is at work. She (replacing "my friend") will come in the evening.

personal pronouns that	Translation
I	I
You	you you
We	we
They	they
He	is he
She	she is
It	it

2. Not the main / secondary (answers the question “who?”)

For example:

My friend and I are going to the cinema. Friends invited us (instead of me and my girlfriend).

personal pronouns that replace the main character	Translation
me	I
you	you you
us	we
them	they
him	is he
her	she is
it	it

He invited me to the cinema.
He invited me to the cinema.

They sent her a letter.
They sent her a letter.

Possessive pronouns in English

Possessive pronouns reflect the belonging of objects and the relationship between them.

For example:

Possessive pronouns are of 2 types:

1. Those that are used together with the subject (answer the question “whose?”)

Possessive pronouns, used with an object	Translation
my	my
your	yours / yours
our	our
their	them
his	his
her	her
its	his/ee

2. Those that are used independently (without an object)

Such pronouns are used to avoid repetition in a sentence. After them, you do not need to put the subject, since they already mean it.

Possessive pronouns, used independently	Translation
mine	my
yours	yours / yours
ours	our
theirs	them
his	his
hers	her
its	his/ee

Their price is below ours.
Their prices are lower than ours.

My box is smaller than yours.
My box is smaller than yours.

Reflexive pronouns in English

Reflexive pronouns show us that a person performs an action in relation to himself. Why are they returnable? Because the action is directed at the one who performs it, that is, returns to him.

Such pronouns are used to show that:

The action is directed at the person himself.
The action was performed by the individual

In Russian, we most often show this with the help of -sya and -s, which we add to actions.

For example:

She cut herself (cut herself)

In English, there are special words for this, which are formed by adding a tail to the pronouns my, your, our, them, her, him, it:

-self(if we are talking about one person/object);
-selves(if we are talking about several people / objects).

Let's look at the table of these pronouns.

Singular
I I	myself me/myself
you you	yourself you/yourself
he is he	himself he/himself
she she is	herself she/herself
it it	itself it/itself
Plural
you you	yourselves you/yourself
they they	themselves they/themselves
we we	ourselves we ourselves / ourselves

For example:

She introduced herself when entered into the room.
She introduced herself (introduced herself) when she entered the room.

We ourselves cooked the dinner.
We cooked this dinner ourselves.

Demonstrative pronouns in English

We use demonstrative pronouns to point to an object / person or objects / people. Hence the name - index.

There are 4 most used demonstrative pronouns in English:

this is
these - these
that
those - those

Let's look at the table of usage of these pronouns.

Pronoun	Quantity people/objects	Usage
this This	one	something located Next to us
these these	some	something located Next to us
that that, that	one	something located away from us
those those	some	something located away from us

This book is interesting.
It's an interesting book.

I know those girls.
I know those girls.

Interrogative pronouns in English

Interrogative pronouns are words that point to a person, object or features that are not known to the speaker.

For example: Who baked this cake? (point to person)

In English, the most common interrogative pronouns are:

who - who, whom
whose - whose
what - what, what
which - which
whom - whom

Let's look at the table of usage of these words.

Pronoun	Usage	Example
Who - who, whom / to whom	1. Who did or didn't certain action 2. Who was purposefully certain action (colloquial)	Who helps her? Who helps her
Whom - whom, to whom	Who was purposefully certain action (official, written version)	whom will you invite? Who will you invite?
Whose - whose	Asking for belongings someone	Whose dog is it? Whose dog is this?
What - what, what	1. Asking about a subject 2. We ask about the sign of the subject (assuming unlimited choice)	What did you read? What did you read?
Which - which one	Please choose from some concrete options	Which dog is yours? Which (what) dog is yours?

So, we have considered 5 main types of pronouns, and now let's practice using them.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. This car is red.
2. They invited me to the park.
3. She baked this cake herself.
4. Whose scarf is on the chair?
5. Your gift is better than hers.

Pronoun in English, it is a part of speech that can replace (noun pronouns) or (adjective pronouns). Pronouns are one of the most used words in the language.

There are many pronouns, they are divided into several categories:

Personal pronouns

Designate a person: I, you, she, he, it etc. They are used in two cases: nominative and object.

I love my sister. - I I love my sister.

He is my boss. - He's my boss.

We are the champions. - We are champions.

This is my Cat Lucy. - This is my cat Lucy.

Someone's stole their bikes yesterday. - Someone stole yesterday them bicycles,

You can see our family in the picture. - You can see our family in this photo.

Is that your opinion? - This is your opinion?

Possessive pronouns-nouns

Noun pronouns are used, as you might guess, instead of . In a sentence, they perform the function, or nominal part of the predicate.

My pencil is broken, please give me yours. My pencil is broken, please give me your(yours replaces your pencil)

Her car is blue mine is white. – Her car is blue, my- white (mine instead of my car).

Your team is strong but not stronger that ours. – Your team is strong, but not stronger our(commands).

Demonstrative pronouns in English

Point to a person or object, in Russian it is that, that, these, that etc. There are only two such pronouns in English - , they have singular and plural forms.

Where is the line between "near" and "far" you may ask? There is no such line, expressed in centimeters, you just need to rely on common sense. In Russian, we use the words “this” and “that” in the same way.

This man - this person (well, here he is, standing next to him).

That man - that person (not present here or one that stands aside).

These photos - these photos (pointing with a finger).

Those photos - those photos (they hang on your wall at home).

Good movie examples on using this and that are shown in this video:

reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns mean that the action is directed by the acting on itself, they are used as objects after some verbs. They are formed with endings -self, -selves, they are attached to pronouns my, our, your, him, her, it, the, indefinite pronoun. In Russian, a similar function is performed by particles -sya, -sya at the end of the verb.

Protect yourself! - Protect yourself!

Don't hurt yourself- Don't get hurt.

There are cases when reflexive particles are used in Russian, and in English the same words are used without a reflexive pronoun. For example, in Russian we say: wash, shave, dress, bathe, hide. In English, the corresponding to wash, to shave, to dress, to bathe, to hide commonly used without reflexive pronouns:

I washed, dressed and shaved. I washed, dressed and shaved.

Hide in the cardboard box. - Hide in a cardboard box.

I'd like to bathe. - I'd like to take a dip.

Also, reflexive pronouns are used to enhance how Russian words himself, himself, himself, himself.

I heard it myself! - I heard it myself!

He di it himself- He did it himself.

A common mistake is to say I'am feeling myself fine \ I feel myself fine (I feel great). Actually right: I'am feeling fine \ I feel fine.

Reciprocal pronouns

Reciprocal pronouns are pronouns like “each other”. There are only two of them: each other(each other), one another(one another). In theory, each other- this is when two persons or objects, and one another- when a lot. In practice, no one really pays attention to these subtleties, especially in colloquial speech.

They don't talk about each other. They don't talk about each other.

They often see one another. They often see each other.

Please note that the preposition comes before the pronoun, and does not wedged into it, as in Russian. Compare:

they talk about each other - They say each other about friend.

Interrogative pronouns

With the help of these pronouns, questions are asked, there are only four of them:

1. Who (whom)- who, whom, to whom.

Who is this person? - Who this person?

Who is here? - Who here?

2. Whose- whose, whose, whose, whose.

Whose is that noice? - Whose is that noise (who is making noise)?

Whose car is parked by the house? - Whose car parked at home?

3.What- what.

What are you doing? - What You doing?

What is going on? - What happening?

4. Which- what, which (which of several)

Which part of the task is hard for you? What part of the assignment is difficult for you?

Which student in your group had the best result? Which student in your group has the best result?

Note: whom is who in the object case, if who is “who”, then whom is “whom”. Who is often used instead of whom.

Who (whom) did you see there? - Whom did you see it there?

Who (whom) can I ask for help? - Whom can i ask for help?

How to choose between I and Me?

Pronouns deserve special mention. I and me in which even native speakers often get confused. As stated above, I used as , and me– the object of action, . Here are simple examples:

I am looking for an interesting movie. - I I'm looking for an interesting movie.

My sister was looking for me. - My sister was looking for me.

It would be a gross mistake to confuse these two pronouns:

Me is looking for an interesting movie.

My sister was looking for I.

But even children who study English as a foreign language are so rarely mistaken. Difficulties begin in sentences more difficult.

Case one: Anna and I\me went to the park

In sentences with two subjects like “Anna and I went to the park”, there is a choice between pronouns:

Correctly: Anna and I went to the park.

Incorrect, but found in colloquial speech: Anna and me went to the park.

Not allowed: Me went to the park.

The first option (Anna and I) is considered correct, because here I plays the role of the subject. However, in colloquial speech, the second option (Anna and me) is often used, which, however, distorts the hearing of educated people. But notice, there are two subjects here. The option “Me went to the park” is not used and sounds very illiterate.

Case Two: My father is talking to I\me and Anna

There are two additions here. If there was one addition here, everything would be clear: My father is talking to me. But when this pronoun is paired with another noun, even native speakers sometimes get confused.

Correctly: me.

Not right: My father is talking to Anna and I.

Case three: John is taller than I\me

Three options are possible here, in short, they are all correct, there is a slight stylistic difference.

John is taller than I am. - grammatically correct, the most complete version, sounds official, serious.

John is taller than I. - a grammatically correct option, also formal.

John is taller than me. - grammatical correctness is ambiguous, this option is more common in colloquial speech.

The latter option is used more often and sounds more natural. Some linguists recognize it as correct, and some do not. This is a complex linguistic issue, due to the fact that scientists do not agree on whether than alliance or suggestion.

Another nuance of designs with than me that there are two possible interpretations. For example:

me I(I love this dog).

Mary loves her dog Jim more than me. Mary loves her dog Jim more than me.

In this case, it is better to write the sentence more fully:

Mary loves her dog Jim more than I do.

Mary loves her dog Jim more than I love him.

Any person who has even studied a foreign language a little is already familiar with pronouns. These words, usually short, appear in almost all sentences. "I", "You" - they are used at every turn. Like a baby born in England, a foreigner first of all learns to call himself, to address other people. Then comes the time to speak abstractly in the third person, about someone or refer to someone.

You may not be familiar with some pronouns. But there are not too many of them, if you wish, you can easily master everything in one lesson. The time when they usually study pronouns in English - Grade 3 general education school. The task is within the power of even elementary school students, preferably with an emphasis on practical application. Adults should delve a little into the theory, and get to know the pronouns in more detail. Should pay more attention to correct pronunciation and have a good workout. The effort you put in will definitely pay off.

Pronouns in English

Pronoun (pronoun) - in fact, the most important part of speech, not replaced by any other. On the contrary, nouns, adjectives and whole phrases are often replaced with pronouns. This is done for the sake of brevity and simplicity, for generalization or to ask the interlocutor. Depending on the functions performed, pronouns are divided into groups , with which we will get acquainted further:

personal (personal);
possessive (possive);
return (reflexive);
mutual (reciprocal);
index (demonstrative);
negative (negative);
interrogative (interrogative);
indefinite (negative);
generalizing (generalizing);
quantitative (quantitative).

Table of pronouns in English

A table with translation and pronunciation will help you better learn English pronouns.

Personal
nominative case Nominative	Objectcase Object
I - I	me - me, me, me
You - you	you - you, you, you
He - he	him - him, him, him, him
She [ʃi:] - she	her - her, her, her
It - it	its - to him, him, him
We - we	us [ʌs] - us, us, us
You - you	you - you, you, you
They [ðei] - they	them [ðem] - them, them, them, them

Personal pronouns refer to specific individuals and entire groups. The object case is translated into Russian in fact by any other, except for the nominative. When translating instrumental and prepositional, the corresponding prepositions are used. For example: with me - with me, about them - about them.

Possessive(possessive)
In main form	In aAbsolutelyoh
my - my, mine	mine - mine, mine
your - yours, yours	yours - yours, yours
	his - his (masculine)
her - her	hers - her
	its - his (neuter gender)
our - ours, ours	ours - ours, ours
your - yours, yours	yours - yours, yours
their [ðeə] - their	theirs [ðeəz] - their

Posessive pronouns in the absolute form are used in the absence of nouns. For example: your pencil is your pencil, it is yours - it is yours. Despite the sophisticated theoretical names, the meaning of each group of pronouns is quite simple. This indicates the belonging of persons or objects.

Return (reflexive)

myself - me, myself, myself

yourself - you, yourself, yourself

himself - him, himself, himself

herself - her, himself, himself

itself - him, himself, himself

ourselves - us, ourselves, ourselves

yourselves - you, yourself, yourself

themselves [ðem'selvz] - them, themselves, themselves

Reflexive pronouns in Russian are usually not translated as separate words , but the ending “-s”, “-sya” is added to the active verb, and it becomes reflexively passive. For example: she has washed herself - she washed herself, they are putting on themselves - they dress.

These pronouns in translation have the same meaning. The difference is only in the definiteness or indefiniteness of the expression.

Demonstrative pronouns are the same for all genders.

Interrogative pronouns are used in interrogative and affirmative sentences. whom is the object case of the word who .

Negative

no - none, none (also none, none)

nothing - nothing

nobody - nobody

none - nothing, no one

no one - no one, not one

neither - neither one nor the other

neither ... nor - neither one nor the other

Interrogative (internegative)

what - what, what, what (about objects)

who - who, what, what (about persons)

whom - whom, to whom, by whom, whom

which - which, which, which, which

whose - whose, whose, whose, whose

undefined (indefinite)

some - some, some, some

something - something, something, something

somebody, someone - someone, someone, someone, someone

anybody, anyone - any, any, any (subject)

anything - any, any, any (object)

For brevity, near some, only the masculine translation is given, but in the same way this word is used in the feminine or neuter, in any number.

There are several pronunciations for several. The use or omission of vowels depends on the dialect, and even on the personal preferences of the speaker.

Application rules

The word I (I) is always capitalized. The remaining pronouns begin with a capital letter only at the beginning of a sentence.

You is translated in Russian as “you” or “you”, depending on the surrounding context. It must be borne in mind that even one person can be politely addressed as “you”.

Some pronouns are used only in a specific context (like articles), or only in an indefinite one:

other (each other);
another (one another).

The language construct neither ... nor ... is used within a single sentence. After neither one variant of negated objects, events or actions is mentioned, after nor - the second variant (also with negation). In the same way, either ... or is used, but in affirmative phrases.

Examples

– E ither I will have to read book in english or in french - I will read an English or French book (but not both).

– Neither we visited London, no r you did - neither we were in London, nor you.

– no one may enter this room - no one can (has no right) to enter this room.

– Y ou had to do your homework, but had done nothing You were supposed to do your homework, but you didn't do anything.

– We asked few , but they gave us too much We asked for little, but they gave us too much.

Outcome

Complete table of pronouns in english with transcription is useful as a reference. You don't have to look up a dictionary or use an online translator to find out how to pronounce a word correctly. It is also easy to choose the right one by looking at the entire list when you have difficulty choosing a pronoun.

» Table of pronouns in English

each other	each other, one to another
one another	each other, one to another