Metis-M1, anti-tank missile system. ATGM "Metis": the most powerful of the lightest tactical and technical characteristics of the ATGM metis m1
Metis(index of the complex / missiles - 9K115, according to the classification of NATO and the US Department of Defense - AT-7 Saxhorn ) - Soviet / Russian portable anti-tank missile system of the company level with semi-automatic command guidance by wire. Refers to the ATGM of the second generation. Developed by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau.
The complex is designed to destroy visually observed stationary and moving, with flank speeds up to 60 km / h, armored vehicles and firing points.
The complex includes:
- portable launcher 9P151 with control equipment and starting mechanism on the machine
- 9M115 missiles in transport and launch containers
- test equipment and other auxiliary equipment
The 9P151 launcher is folding, it is a 9P152 machine, with a lifting and turning mechanism, on which control equipment is installed - a 9S816 guidance device and an instrumentation unit. The launcher has a mechanism for precise targeting, which reduces the requirements for operator qualifications.
At present, for shooting at night and in smoky conditions, the complex can be equipped with a thermal imaging sight 1PN86VI "Mulat-115" ("Sokol" 2), developed by NPO GIPO1, with a range of up to 1.5 km.
The complex, consisting of one launcher and four missiles, is transported in two packs by a crew of two people. Pack N1 weighing 17 kg with a launcher and one TPK with a rocket, pack N2 - with three missiles in a TPK weighing 19.4 kg.
Shooting can be carried out from prepared and unprepared positions from a prone position, from a standing trench, and also from the shoulder. Shooting from infantry fighting vehicles or armored personnel carriers and from buildings is possible (in the latter case, about 6 meters of free space is required at the back).
Modifications
"Metis-M"(GRAU index - 9K115-1, according to NATO classification - AT-13 Saxhorn-2) is a Russian-made anti-tank missile system. Designed to destroy modern and advanced armored vehicles equipped with dynamic protection, fortifications, enemy manpower at any time of the day and in adverse weather conditions. The Metis-M complex was developed at the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula) and put into service in 1992.
The complex "Metis-M" includes:
Launcher 9P151 with a sight - a guidance device, guidance drives and a missile launcher
9M131 missiles placed in TPK
· Test equipment 9V12M and 9V81M
It can be equipped with a thermal imager 1PN86BVI "Mulat-115".
"Metis-M" was adopted as a replacement for the "Metis" of the first generation, as well as the earlier "Fagot" and "Competition". One of the main features of Metis-M is the presence, in addition to a rocket with a tandem cumulative warhead, a rocket equipped with a warhead of a volumetric explosion (thermobaric warhead), similar to the warhead of the Shmel flamethrower.
"Metis-M1"(GRAU index - 9K115-2) - modernization of the Metis-M complex, using the 9M131M missile and the 9P151M launcher.
"Metis-2"(GRAU index - 9K127) - developed in 2008.
Specifications
| Minimum firing range day and night | 80 m |
| Maximum firing range day and night | 2000 m |
| Control system | semi-automatic with transmission of commands via a wired communication line |
| Types of warheads of missiles of the complex | tandem cumulative |
| Mass of components of the launcher complex | 9.5 kg |
| Mass of the components of the guided missile complex | 13.8 kg |
| Mass of the components of the thermal imaging sight complex | 6.5 kg |
| Medium armor penetration behind reactive armor | 900-950 mm |
| Temperature mode of operation | -50 to +50 |
| Weight of packs | |
| pack No. 1 (launcher + rocket) | 23.8 kg |
| pack number 2 (two missiles) | 28.6 kg |
| Vyuk No. 3 (thermal imaging sight) | 9.0 kg |
Video
|
The 9K115 Metis portable anti-tank missile system is designed to destroy visually visible stationary and moving at speeds up to 60 km/h targets (tanks and other armored small targets) at ranges up to 1000 m.
The complex was developed at the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula) under the leadership of the chief designer A.G. Shipunov and put into service in 1978.
In the west, the complex received the designation of the AT-7 "Saxhorn" missile.
The 9K115 "Metis" complex was exported to many countries of the world and was used in many local conflicts of recent decades.
The complex includes: a portable launcher 9P151 with control equipment and a launch mechanism on the machine, 9M115 missiles in transport and launch containers, spare parts, testing equipment and other auxiliary equipment.
The 9M115 missile with a semi-automatic guidance system and a HEAT warhead is built according to the canard aerodynamic design. The developers of the complex went to the extreme simplification and facilitation of the one-time element of the complex - the missile, allowing some complication of the reusable ground-based guidance equipment. An important reserve for reducing the dimensions, weight and cost of ATGMs was the simplification of the onboard equipment of the control system. As is known, ground-based equipment for semi-automatic guidance of ATGM determines the position of the missile by tracking devices associated with the ground coordinate system. Previously created ATGM samples with single-channel control were equipped with gyroscopes that convert control signals from ground-based guidance equipment into commands generated with reference to a coordinate system rotating with the missile. The gyroscope was a rather expensive product. The 9M115 missile is equipped with a tracer mounted on one of the wings. When flying, the tracer moves in a spiral. Ground equipment receives information about the angular position of the ATGM, which makes it possible to appropriately adjust the commands issued to the missile's controls via a wired communication line.
In the bow there are rudders with an open-type air-dynamic drive using the air pressure of the oncoming flow. The absence of an air or powder pressure accumulator, the use of plastic molding for the manufacture of the main elements of the drive reduces the cost of the drive many times over compared to previously used products.
Three trapezoidal wings are located in the tail section of the rocket. The wings are made of thin, flexible plates. During assembly, they roll around the body without residual deformations; after the rocket exits the TPK, the wings straighten out under the action of elastic forces. To launch the rocket, a starting engine with a multi-shot solid fuel charge is used.
The missile is delivered and operated in a sealed transport and launch container.
The 9P151 launcher is folding, it is a 9P152 machine, with a lifting and turning mechanism, on which control equipment is installed - a 9S816 guidance device and an instrumentation unit. The launcher has a mechanism for precise targeting, which reduces the requirements for operator qualifications.
At present, for shooting at night and in smoky conditions, the complex can be equipped with a thermal imaging sight 1PN86VI "Mulat-115" ("Sokol" 2), developed by NPO GIPO1, with a range of up to 1.5 km.
The complex, consisting of one launcher and four missiles, is carried in two packs by a crew of two people. Pack No. 1 weighing 17 kg with a launcher and one TPK with a rocket, pack No. 2 - with three missiles in a TPK weighing 19.4 kg.
Shooting can be carried out from prepared and unprepared positions from a prone position, from a standing trench, and also from the shoulder. Shooting from infantry fighting vehicles or armored personnel carriers and from buildings is possible (in the latter case, about 6 meters of free space is required at the back).
|
|||||
|
|
Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu decided to adopt the new Metis-M1 anti-tank missile system (ATGM).
According to Izvestia, the decision on the new system has been made since November last year and was finally approved on the eve of Victory Day. Prior to that, since 2004, the promising system was supplied exclusively for export.
"Metis-M1" is the only wearable type anti-tank rocket system created in Russia recently, Viktor Murakhovsky, editor of Arsenal of the Fatherland magazine, told Izvestia. - They are classified as "pocket artillery" of an infantry unit operating at the forefront of an offensive or defense. However, until recently, the Ministry of Defense was not interested in such weapons. The previous chief of the General Staff, Nikolai Makarov, believed that an ATGM with such a weight and warhead mass was not capable of effectively resisting modern armored vehicles.
Other armies thought differently, so the Metis sold well for export. As Murakhovsky emphasized, recent military conflicts have changed the idea of the effectiveness of certain weapons systems in a modern conflict. In the same Syria, as Murakhovsky notes, wearable anti-tank systems are used by the thousands and only in 10-15% of cases - for armored vehicles. In the bulk, ATGMs are used against manpower or to destroy enemy fortifications. It is for this reason that Metis is in great demand among foreign customers.
Now the approach to the use of such weapons is not just changing, - says Viktor Murakhovsky. - The question is generally about changing the class of such systems. These are no longer the usual ATGMs, but multifunctional infantry systems of wearable high-precision weapons, the name of which has not yet been invented.
Metis-M1 was created at the Instrument Design Bureau (part of the High-Precision Complexes holding) and, according to the expert, occupies a unique niche. In terms of its mass-dimensional characteristics, this is the only system that can really be moved to the battlefield without vehicles. Russian anti-tank systems "Kornet", "Fagot" and "Konkurs" are considered conditionally portable due to the weight of the launcher and the container with the missile.
"Metis-M1" is mass-produced, has a low cost compared to modern anti-tank systems and is produced using exclusively domestic components, says Murakhovsky. “So there should be no issues with mass deliveries to the troops,” the expert emphasized.
A source in the military-industrial complex told Izvestia that the new ATGM can be used both from a stationary launcher in the form of a tripod, and from the shoulder of a serviceman - from prone and standing positions. This significantly expands the range of weapons. The new missile uses both a HEAT warhead, designed to destroy lightly armored vehicles, and a new, high-explosive fragmentation warhead, which allows you to destroy infantry on the battlefield, as well as destroy enemy fortifications. Compared to its predecessor, the Metis-M1 has an increased target engagement range. Today it is 2 km.
In Russia, little attention was paid to the development of wearable anti-tank systems, - Ivan Konovalov, director of the Center for Strategic Market Research, expressed his opinion to Izvestia. - Preference was given to large expensive systems, aviation, missile weapons, now the situation is changing. All over the world, it is wearable anti-tank systems that are developing at a faster pace. Against their background, "Metis-M1" can be attributed to the "2+" generation, while in the West there is already a 3rd one, tests of the 4th one are underway. At the same time, "Metis-M1" is exactly the product, with the advent of which a new development of the domestic line of wearable anti-tank systems will begin. It has a very large modernization potential. This is a completely new system that has in common with its predecessors only in name.
The closest analogue of the Russian "Metis-M1" is the American FGM-148 Javelin manufactured by Raytheon and Lockheed Martin with a range of 2.5 km. This is the world's first serial ATGM with an IIR type infrared homing system that implements the fire-and-forget principle. The disadvantage of the complex is its high price - $ 125 thousand. Another disadvantage is the design flaws that affect the combat use. It takes about 30 seconds to capture a target, which is very difficult to do in real combat conditions, as a result of which the target can simply “leave” the sight,” Konovalov noted.
Before writing the article, I savored for a long time how I would tell you about the weapons that Novorossia now has. Namely, about ATGM (anti-tank missile system) 9K115 Metis. Many have noticed that in the news about the conflict in Ukraine, an interesting little thing on a tripod, which the militias put up at checkpoints and other combat lines, sometimes flashes in the frame. This is the thing we're talking about.
So, please love and favor! Metis (complex / missile index - 9K115, according to the classification of NATO and the US Department of Defense - AT-7 Saxhorn) - Soviet / Russian portable anti-tank missile system of the company level with semi-automatic command guidance by wire. Refers to the ATGM of the second generation. Developed by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau.
The complex is designed to destroy visually observed stationary and moving, with flank speeds up to 60 km / h, armored vehicles and firing points.
ATGM "Metis" has three modifications: 9K115 "Metis", 9K115-1 "Metis-M" and 9K115-2 "Metis-M1". There is also a more recent model of the Kornet-EM ATGM. But whether the militias have it is unknown.
So far, I know about the presence of the Fagot ATGM, the Shturm ATGM, and the Metis ATGM.
Today we will consider the ATGM "Metis".
9K115 "Metis" |
9K115-1 "Metis-M" |
9K115-2 "Metis-M1" |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rocket |
|||||
Year of adoption |
1978 | 1992 | |||
Firing range, m |
40-1000 | 80-1500 | 80-2000 | ||
Speed |
maximum, m/s |
223 | |||
average, m/s |
180—200 | ||||
Flight time |
6 | 12 | |||
Warhead |
cumulative 9Н135 |
tandem, cumulative 9Н154 | tandem, cumulative | thermobaric | |
Warhead mass, kg |
2,5 | 5 | 4,95 | ||
Mass of explosives (type), kg |
|||||
Fuse |
contact | ||||
Armor penetration: |
along the normal (90°), mm |
500-550 | 900 (800) | 900-950 (for DZ) | |
at an angle of 60°, mm |
250 | ||||
Control system |
command, semi-automatic, by wire | ||||
Rate of fire, rounds / min. |
4-5 | until 3 | |||
Time to bring in |
12 | 10-20 | up to 20 | ||
Rocket length, mm |
733 | 810 | |||
Rocket diameter, mm |
93 | 130 | |||
Wingspan, mm |
370 | ||||
TPK dimensions, mm |
784(768)×138×145 | ||||
Launch weight of the rocket, kg |
4,8 | 13 | |||
Rocket mass in TPK, kg |
6,3 | 13,8 | |||
Complex 9K115 "Metis" as part of one launcher and four missiles, it is carried in two packs by a crew of two people. Pack N1 weighing 17 kg with a launcher and one TPK with a rocket, pack N2 - with three missiles in a TPK weighing 19.4 kg.
Shooting can be carried out from prepared and unprepared positions from a prone position, from a standing trench, and also from the shoulder. Shooting from infantry fighting vehicles or armored personnel carriers and from buildings is possible (in the latter case, about 6 meters of free space is required at the back).
As we can see, this complex is very convenient for use both in guerrilla (mobile) warfare and in defensive ones. The main advantages of the complex are compactness, mobility, versatility and armor penetration.
Such a weapon is simply indispensable for the militia of New Russia. Let's hope that these anti-tank systems will appear at the defenders of Novorossia in the right quantity to "greet" the Bandera armored vehicles.
If you are interested in this miracle, you can watch a film about the history of its origin and improvement.
In the 90s of the XX century, the Design Bureau of Instrument Engineering developed the Metis-M wearable ATGM, which ensures the fulfillment of these requirements and has an optimal combination of characteristics in its class. ATGM "Metis-M" is a multi-purpose defensive assault weapon that allows you to effectively hit modern tanks, fortifications and other small targets at ranges up to 1500 m, reliable, simple and easy to use. The high tactical and technical characteristics of the Metis-M ATGM are confirmed by many years of military operation both in the Russian army and in many armies of foreign countries.
However, further modernization of armored vehicles, aimed at increasing its protection (increasing the thickness of armor, equipping dynamic protection), as well as increasing the range of aimed fire of tank guns, sets the developers of anti-tank systems the task of improving their characteristics to increase the firing range and increase the power of combat units. At present and in the near future, the main characteristics of wearable anti-tank systems should be considered a firing range - at least 2000 m, armor penetration - at least 900-950 mm (taking into account the margin for defeating the reserved space).
In order to improve the main characteristics of the Metis-M complex, KBP JSC carried out its modernization in the following areas:
- the maximum firing range day and night has been increased from 1500 m to 2000 m due to the improvement of the aerodynamic characteristics of the rocket airframe and the implementation of new algorithms in the control system;
- armor penetration, including behind DZ, increased from 850 mm to 900-950 mm due to the use of high-energy explosives, while introducing the technology of precision manufacturing of warhead elements;
- the mass of the starting device (PU) was reduced from 10.5 kg to 9.5 kg due to the use of microprocessor-based element base in the equipment.
The modernization was carried out taking into account the need to ensure the possibility of firing both previously fired missiles from modernized launchers, and modernized missiles from previously fired launchers. ATGM "Metis-M1" in terms of the combination of combat and operational characteristics is significantly ahead of the ATGM "Metis-M" and the closest foreign analogues.
The Metis-M1 ATGM is designed to enhance the combat power of company-level units, which, as a rule, are armed only with firearms and grenade launchers, which are ineffective against tanks due to low accuracy and short ranges of aimed fire. The complex is wearable and in this sense is closest to the soldier. The small dimensions and weight of the components of the complex make it possible to form compact packs, which provide the possibility of transporting it with a calculation of three people. In addition to personal weapons, the calculation carries ammunition from five missiles. The crew commander carries a ready-made shot (launcher with a rocket mounted on it) in a pack, which significantly reduces the preparation time for combat work and allows the crew to engage in combat operations directly from the march.
In the defense zone, an infantry battalion equipped with 80-90 ATGM ammunition hits up to 90% of the armored targets of an advancing enemy battalion, reinforced by a tank company and having up to 60 armored vehicles. When a battalion conducts an offensive, for example, against the position of a motorized infantry company reinforced by a tank platoon (13 armored targets), the Metis-M1 ATGM is capable of not only hitting all armored targets, but also significantly helping the infantry in the fight against enemy firing points, since in range firing of its rockets is much superior to the mass small arms of the enemy: machine guns and RPGs. With a direct attack of the 9M131M ATGM into the frontal projection of the target, due to the powerful tandem HEAT warhead with an average armor penetration of 950 mm, a high level of penetration of the frontal armor of all tanks currently in service can be achieved.
At present, the armies of various countries of the world have several tens of thousands of tanks of various modifications, the main differences of which are the level of protection, the composition and thickness of the armor, the mass, the composition of the fire control system, etc. According to the totality of the achieved level of the mentioned characteristics, tanks can be divided into three groups. The results of calculations of the probability of hitting three groups of tanks, carried out taking into account random values of the coordinates of hitting the 9M131M ATGM, the probabilistic nature of penetrating the armor and hitting the vital units of the combat vehicle and the crew behind the armor, show that the probability of hitting tanks with dynamic protection of the 9M131M ATGM on average in the angle of fire in the sector ±90° is: tanks of the 1st group 0.88, 2nd 0.72 and 3rd 0.70. It follows that the 9M131M ATGM provides a level of probability of hitting the most protected tanks of 0.7-0.9, i.e. one or two missiles are required to destroy them.
The results of firing tests have shown that the 9M131M and 9M131FM guided missiles of the Metis-M1 complex developed by JSC Design Bureau of Instrumentation provide a high level of damaging effect on targets of different sizes, degrees of vulnerability and mobility. The Metis-M1 complex is characterized on the positive side by the short flight time of the 9M131M and 9M131FM ATGMs and the high secrecy of combat work, which leave virtually no chance for potential targets to put optical interference and prevent them from completing a combat mission. Small dimensions and weight allow the infantrymen to constantly carry the Metis-M1 anti-tank systems and autonomously conduct combat operations with the effectiveness of units equipped with large-caliber artillery. In essence, the Metis-M1 ATGM solves the tasks of artillery, but with much greater efficiency and efficiency, and is nothing more than a high-precision "pocket artillery" of the platoon commander.
On the basis of the Metis-M1 complex, fire support units (three or more launchers) can be created to solve the tasks of suppressing the most dangerous targets. They may be part of an infantry, mountain rifle and airmobile division, a separate infantry, a separate mountain rifle and a separate armored brigade, as well as a separate airborne brigade of lightly armed infantry, a separate amphibious brigade and a regiment of special forces. ATGM "Metis-M1" is a highly effective, lightweight, wearable defensive assault weapon capable of combating modern and advanced tanks and other armored targets, fortifications such as bunkers, bunkers, field installations and the manpower located in them, in the daytime and night conditions at ranges from 80 m to 2000 m.
The optimal combination of small weight and size and high performance and operational characteristics makes it possible to equip landing troops, infantry and motorized rifle formations with the Metis-M1 complex to enhance their combat power during large-scale military operations, as well as special units during counter-terrorist operations. During the modernization, maximum unification was ensured between the components of the Metis-M and Metis-M1 ATGMs, which will allow in a short time and at relatively low financial costs to increase the performance characteristics of the Metis-M ATGMs previously delivered to foreign customers. At the same time, modernization can be carried out directly at the foreign customer. Conducting re-training of specialists (gunners and technicians) for the operation of the upgraded systems is not required.
The performance characteristics of the ATGM "Metis-M1"
Firing range day and night, m:
- maximum - 2000
- minimum - 80
Rate of fire, rds / min 3-4
Control system - semi-automatic with transmission of commands by wire
Overall dimensions, mm:
- rocket caliber 130
- the length of the container with the rocket 980
Warhead - tandem cumulative, high-explosive thermobaric action
Average armor penetration of a cumulative warhead, mm 950
TNT equivalent of high-explosive warhead, kg 6
Shooting missiles with previously developed missiles of the Metis family - provided
Weight, kg;
- starting device - no more than 9.5
- a container with a rocket - 13.8
- thermal imaging sight - 6.5
Weight of packs, kg:
- launcher with rocket - 23.8
- two containers with missiles - 28.6
Pointing angles, degrees:
- horizontally ±30
- vertical ±5
Temperature range of application, degrees С 50