Program "I love Psychology 

Facial expressions: exercises on how to develop beautiful facial expressions. Non-verbal communication: interpretation of facial expressions into feelings and emotions

Until now, the opinion is firmly held in society that physiognomy, graphology, palmistry, phrenology and similar sciences are the legacy of medieval obscurantism, that they have nothing in common with true science and therefore should be thrown out of modern knowledge as superfluous and useless. suitable ballast.

Indeed, there was a time when such a harsh review was partly justified - then these sciences, together with magic, astrology, cabalism and other so-called occult knowledge, were engaged in predicting a more or less distant future. However, in our time, these sciences have entered into close connection with the purely positive sciences, such as anatomy, physiology and anthropology, and, using their data, have adopted a positive method of research.

The soul of a person is especially sharply loomed in his appearance, or physiognomy - it is not for nothing that the people have an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe face as a mirror of the soul. And in fact, our habits, our aspirations, our passions, in a word, everything that makes up our personality, our “I” - all this is reflected on the face, giving it one or another feature, often elusive, but unconsciously striking to an experienced observer. .

The ancient art of face reading originated thousands of years ago during the time of the Yellow Emperor, when it was used by Eastern healers to diagnose diseases. The purpose of this alternative medicine was - and is - to prevent health problems and provide advice on nutrition, exercise and meditation in order to stop diseases when they barely appear.

This art has existed for centuries, and its popularity is based on the fact that it can help people better understand themselves, work colleagues, friends, and family members.

Physiognomy

Physiognomy- These are the characteristic features and expression of a person's face. The face is divided into three zones - upper, middle and lower.

  • intellectual- the upper part of the face, it occupies the entire forehead, starts at the hairline and ends with the eyebrow line. The size and shape of the forehead determine the mental activity and real understanding of life.
  • emotional- the middle part of the face, includes the space below the eyebrows to the very tip of the nose, i.e. equal to the length of the nose. It reflects the degree of sensitivity, spiritual depth and inner content.
  • vital- the lower part of the face. It starts from the line of the nostrils, consists of lips, chin and gives an idea of ​​the energy of a person, his love for pleasure and base instincts.

Therefore, in order to understand a person by his face, you need to make out which zone of the three is more pronounced, and having learned this, we can assume what drives a person - instinctiveness, emotions or intelligence.

The main mimic zone of the face is the eye area. Its expressiveness is determined by the contraction of the three main muscles: the frontal abdomen of the occipital-frontal muscle, the muscle wrinkling the eyebrows, and the upper part of the circular muscle of the eye, i.e., the superciliary muscle. The work of these muscles ensures the squinting of the eyes, their opening and modeling the position of the eyebrows and eyelids. The functional reserve of facial expressions here is very large: from the expression of strong will to confusion and chagrin. But, perhaps, the facial expressions of attention are most prominently expressed.

The external manifestation of attention, of course, requires the mobilization of all the senses, but the expression of the eyes stands out most sharply. They assess the degree of emotional mood, they read the level of understanding of what is happening. The outer corners of the eyes and the ends of the eyebrows lowered down express sadness, raised up - they give the face an expression of joy. Concentration, will are unmistakably recognizable in a subject whose gaze is fixed, the muscles of the face are tense, and the eyebrows are shifted to the bridge of the nose.

If the eyebrows are raised and drawn together, and the transverse wrinkles on the forehead, connecting with the longitudinal ones in the form of the Greek letter “omega”, signal a painful attempt to concentrate, then we can definitely talk about the expression of grief. Such a pattern of wrinkles is typical for the face of melancholics - “omega melancholics”.

By the movement of the eyes, one can read grief, pleasure, rage, sympathy, compulsion. Eye movements are involved in maintaining contact with the interlocutor. By the nature of the look, one can judge the intention of the interlocutor, the stages of the conversation, the level of relations. Eyes can express approval, consent, prohibition, permission, encouragement.

When analyzing the expression of the eyes, their size, direction of gaze, condition of the eyelids, folds around the eyes, and the position of the eyebrows are taken into account. In a calm environment, raised eyebrows, horizontal wrinkles on the forehead and opening of the eyes give the face a surprised expression. The reduction of the eyebrows indicates immersion in reflection, in solving a complex problem.

Close attention and a complete understanding of what is happening are unthinkable without a fixed, focused look. On the contrary, a wandering gaze is noted in people who are not interested in the essence of the issue: such a look also indicates impatience, indifference, disappointment.

The inability to focus on something specific (“shifting eyes”), even in response to a call for attention, suggests emotional imbalance, unpreparedness for consistent, logical thinking. Very temperamental people with a sanguine character are distinguished by a lively look, harmoniously combined with the play of facial muscles. Very tired people have a heavy, sluggish, sometimes meaningless look. Now it is turned into the distance, then down, the eyebrows are brought together, vertical folds form on the forehead.

For an accurate judgment about the emotional state of a person, it is necessary to take into account all the components of facial expressions. So, with strong excitement, tense eyelids, dilated pupils are combined with stretching of the wings of the nose and compression of the jaws. Further excessive concentration of attention may be accompanied by the opening of the mouth. A person, as it were, listens to something, in this case he is more comfortable with breathing through his mouth.

Organs that are loaded to a large extent and trained for a certain, specific facial expression are marked by a better ability to perform their usual functions. This applies primarily to the eyes, which are controlled by involuntary muscles (iris and ciliary body), and voluntary, subordinate III, IV, VI and VII cranial nerves. The brilliance and expressiveness of the gaze make the eyes important detectors of the cheerfulness and viability of the individual.

Emotional nuances are captured even in the direction and stability of the gaze. In a state of thought, a person's gaze is turned into the distance. The depth of perception is consistent with a steady gaze in the direction of the object being studied. The firm look of the subject, evaluating or checking any object, seems typical.

The direction of gaze depends on the contraction of the muscles of the eyeball. With the contraction of the upper rectus muscle of the eye on the face, one can read an expression of pride, surprise, pious humility. The expression of feelings of shame, sadness, oppression is due to the contraction of the lower rectus muscle of the eye, when the eyeballs turn downward. When the external rectus muscle of the eye contracts, facial expressions of contempt appear on the face: the gaze is turned to the side, contraction of the medial rectus muscle of the eye contributes to the expression of lust.

The direction of gaze when communicating with people often reflects subordination. Persons in a dependent position often hide their gaze. Psychological imbalance gives rise to the instability of the gaze (the desire to look away, hide the eyes). Functional disorders of the nervous system are also accompanied by gaze instability. The variability of the gaze is one of the constituent elements of facial expressions.

facial expressions

facial expressions is an integral process. It involves the reactions of individual muscles, but they are connected by a common basis, a single purposefulness. If a natural smile appears on a person’s face, then the state of satisfaction, joy, delight is simultaneously reflected in other facial features. They are combined into a single complex according to the law of correspondence. Obviously, the emotional state of a person cannot be reflected only in any one area of ​​the face. Be sure to include the entire facial ensemble in the expression of emotions.

The shape of the face is inherited, it reflects genetic characteristics, is included in the complex of constitutional characteristics. The genetic conditionality of the reactions of the facial muscles expressing emotional experiences is confirmed by the early maturation of their motor complexes. All facial muscles necessary for expressing emotions are formed in the fetus by the 15-18th week of life. And by the 20th week, mimic reactions can be observed in the embryo. By the time the child is born, the mechanism of facial expression is already fully formed and can be used in communication. The innate nature of facial expressions is also indicated by its similarity in blind and sighted babies. But with age, in a blindly born child, the reactivity of the facial muscles fades.

During life, a person acquires new facial features under the influence of speech, perception, illness, profession. The mimic warehouse of the face also changes, reflecting the signs of all previous mimic processes. Living conditions (climatic, material, social, family) significantly affect the mimic appearance of a person.

Changes in facial expressions throughout life are due to the characteristics of facial muscles. Unlike all muscles of the human body, facial muscles are unique in their anatomical structure and function and differ both from striated or skeletal muscles, and from smooth muscles. They differ from the skeletal one in the places of origin and attachment, and also in the fact that they, in a complex, despite the external differences in individual muscles, represent a single integrative system, parts of which are localized around the natural openings of the face: mouth, eyes, external nose and ear. The anatomical features of the facial muscles also include the presence of oral and ophthalmic sphincters, which generally do not have a direct origin on the bones.

Mimic muscles differ from skeletal ones in their development in phylo- and ontogenesis. If the latter originate, as a rule, from the muscular part of the somites of the mesoderm, then the facial muscles originate from the mesenchyme of the 2nd branchial arch (the area of ​​the hyoid arch). This mesenchyme migrates cranially and pulls along the branches of the 7th cranial nerve and the external carotid artery, which initially innervated and supplied the hyoid arch.

The main difference between facial muscles and skeletal muscles is their function. If the purpose of skeletal muscles is to strengthen and move parts of the skeleton, then the function of facial muscles is much more complicated. Initially, as in previous stages of phylogenesis, they supplemented the functions of the digestive and respiratory systems. However, later, in parallel with the development and complication of the structure and function of the central nervous system (CNS), they began to perform the functions of facial expressions, i.e. reflections on the visceral (facial) part of the skull of the emotional state of the central nervous system. In fact, mimic muscles become a means of communication between highly developed biological entities at the level of the 1st signaling system. By what systems and ways is the connection between the state and level of psycho-emotional activity of the brain and mimic muscles carried out? When expressing an emotional state, a very differentiated, sometimes multidirectional and at the same time well-coordinated work of several muscles simultaneously serving the various above-mentioned facial openings takes place. Facial expression associated with the correction of the activity of various facial muscles is a reflection of 6 basic emotions, which are based on processes occurring in the brain, in particular, in the limbic system, starting from the hypothalamus, where the primary centers of positive and negative emotions are located, corresponding to the effects of the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. A special role here is assigned to the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which, in contrast to the sympathetic division, predominantly carries out targeted innervation of individual organs. A number of facts testify in favor of this. At the beginning of its course, the facial nerve is mixed, consisting of efferent somatic, parasympathetic and efferent taste fibers. Then the main mass of efferent fibers is divided into two parts and switches on the pterygopalatine and submandibular parasympathetic ganglia. Connections of the intermediate nerve with the trigeminal, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, as well as with the somatic part of the facial nerve proper, are known. It is known that in a number of peripheral somatic nerves there are always efferent parasympathetic nerve fibers. They are present in the oculomotor, ear-temporal branch of the trigeminal nerve. In favor of the vegetative component of the innervation of the mimic muscles is also the fact that the muscle tissues of the initial sections of the digestive and respiratory systems, which include the mimic muscles, developed from the mesenchyme of the gill arches, the innervation of which, as for all internal organs, is carried out by the autonomic nervous system.

The participation of the nervous system in the mechanism of facial expressions has long been proven, although much in this matter remains unclear. The phylogenetic antiquity of the external expression of vital signs, the reflection of the response effect in the movements of the muscles of the face indicates their direct connection with those parts of the brain that formed earlier than others. These include the stem nuclei, the reticular formation, the old ancient cerebral cortex. The role of the neocortex is clearly seen at the stage of formation of external nervous activity, when facial expression is both recognized and directed. Human facial expressions have reached incomparable perfection and have become an important communication tool, a source of information about the spiritual life of a person.

The localization of the anatomical and physiological regulators of facial expressions in the cerebral cortex and subcortical nuclei and their connection with the facial muscles through the facial nerve system is proved by clinical observations and animal experiments. It is quite obvious that the filigree plexus of the branches of the facial nerves makes possible the extremely varied play of the muscles of the face. From the nerve branches, bundles of nerve fibers are released, and behind them are single fibers, along which effector impulses propagate, causing individual parts of the muscles to contract. Simultaneously with such conductors of the cerebrospinal (animal) nervous system, autonomic nerve conductors approach the vessels of the face. They initiate automatic reactions of the vessels of the eye muscles, which is manifested by the expansion of the lumen of these vessels and reddening of the face, for example, with a sense of shame. In addition, the contraction of the mimic muscles occurs in many cases not at all by a signal from external nerve centers, but as if involuntarily. Thus, it is necessary to allow for the possibility of transmission of excitation from the nuclei of the facial nerve in the brainstem to the mimic muscles in unforeseen situations.

The results of experimental studies on animals lead to the conclusion that the thalamus, as the most important regulatory link in the diencephalon, is responsible for involuntary, unconscious movements of facial muscles during emotional stress.

Mimic expressiveness is reproduced as an unconditioned reflex. In its formation, participation is necessary: ​​the stimulus (contact, distant, associative), the peripheral end of the analyzer (receptors) and the central nuclei of the analyzers (subcortical formations, the cortex), the means of controlling the muscles and the mimic muscles themselves, on the contraction or relaxation of which the facial expressions depend. Regardless of human consciousness, the subcortical innervation of the facial muscles causes an increased tone of the facial muscles and their group contraction under certain conditions.

Involuntary contractions of facial muscles under the influence of emotional stimuli are a special type of motor reaction, characteristic of the facial region of the human body. The transverse striation of the muscle does not yet indicate its absolute correspondence to other striated muscles, which is observed, in particular, in the myocardium.

The special position of the facial muscles does not cause any controversy. The reason for the automatism of facial reactions, interpreted as expressive, is probably in the subordination of their innervation to diencephalic nuclei, which are part of the extrapyramidal system responsible for the tone of facial muscles. Automatic contractions of the latter in response to various stimuli are caused by effector impulses through the thalamus and striatum.

Involuntary, subconscious facial expressions of a person's face are restrained and inhibited. It is subordinated to the functions of the cerebral cortex. It is quite natural, therefore, that the participation of a person in various types of expression should be considered not only from the standpoint of mimic motor skills, but also in the light of higher nervous activity. The cerebral hemispheres, according to I.P. Pavlov, are the most reactive and supreme part of the central nervous system, depending on the state and activity of which four psychological types are distinguished:

  • sanguine- this is a strong, balanced, mobile type;
  • choleric- strong, unbalanced (excitable), mobile type;
  • phlegmatic person- strong, balanced, inert type;
  • melancholic- weak, unbalanced type, nervous processes are inactive.

Consequently, according to the facial expressions, patterns of movements, one can draw a conclusion about the type of nervous activity.

Facial Emotion Identification (FAST)

In the 70s of the last century at the University of California, P. Ekman and his colleagues developed a technique for identifying emotions by facial expressions (Facial Affect Scoring Technique - FAST). FAST has photo reference atlas facial expressions for each of the six emotions - anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, joy - in statistical form. The photo standard for each emotion is represented by three photographs for three levels of the face: eyebrows - forehead; eye - eyelid and lower face. In addition, there are options for different head orientations and gaze directions. When using FAST, the subject is looking for the similarity of emotions with one of the photo standards, like a witness who takes part in the compilation of a criminal's identikit.

Facial Muscle Activity Coding System (FACS)

The second method for evaluating emotions was developed by P. Ekman together with W. Friesen (1978). It is called the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). The method is based on a detailed study of the anatomy of the facial muscles. In the FACS system, 41 motor units were identified, of which 24 patterns of reactions of individual muscles of the face and 20 patterns reflecting the work of a group of muscles, for example, those involved in lip biting, were composed. Each unit has its own number and description not only in statistical but also in dynamic terms. The system also recorded the time of the beginning and end of the activity of each muscle.

P. Ekman belongs to the neurocultural theory of emotions, which takes into account both the innate nature of facial expression and the influence of cultural and national traditions on the expression and recognition of emotions. The model assumes that the expressive manifestation of the six basic (basic) emotions is universal and does not depend on culture, nationality and race. All people use their facial muscles in the same way when expressing basic emotions. Similar to human reflections in the facial expressions of emotions are also observed in animals.

Ancient Oriental system "Yin and Yang"

The art of face reading, as mentioned above, has its roots in ancient Eastern diagnostic medicine. Doctors believed that all existing objects and the Universe are connected by a constant flow of energy. This energy is known in China under the name "qi", in Japan - under the name "ki", In India - under the name "prana". Energy exists in the form of energy - yin and energy - yang. Yin is described as a more passive form of energy, while yang is more active. Yin and yang attract one another, like the opposite poles of a magnet. Yin and yang are related to everything in the universe, and everything that surrounds us consists of a combination of these two qualities, although some of the objects and phenomena are more yin, while others are more yang. Facial features can be more "hoarfrost" or "honey", as well as emotions, character traits associated with each feature. Thin lips, for example, are considered more yang (and the character traits associated with this trait are hard work and responsibility), while full lips (and the tendency to relax, enjoy) are considered more "hoar".

Some people in general can be too yin or too yang. A person who is easily irritated and angered becomes "yane". To correct the imbalance, such a person should incorporate more yin energy into their lifestyle by consuming yin foods (light meals such as salads and fruits, as well as more fluids) and engaging in relaxing "yin" activities such as reading, yoga, and walks.

According to ancient Eastern beliefs, it is believed that the left and right halves of the face are associated with different types of qi energy. For most people, the chi energy on the left side of the face tends to be more active and thus yang, while the chi energy on the right side of the face tends to be quieter - more yin. The right half of the face is considered the feminine side and usually reflects the facial features of the mother and grandparents, while the "Jane" left half represents the masculine aspect and is associated with the father and grandfathers. The feminine, right half of the face is associated with the earth's chi energy, and it is usually more pronounced than the left, and represents our main emotions and point of view, as well as our personal, inner character traits and creativity. The male, left half of the face is associated with celestial qi energy and represents logical thinking and accepted social masks. It reflects controlled emotions and represents the person we want to appear to the outside world.

The effect of functional brain asymmetry on human facial expressions

To see this better, you need to create two images using photographs of the right and left half of the face, which will show a noticeable difference in the facial expressions of each of the photographs. Perfectly symmetrical faces practically do not exist. The asymmetry of the face (facial expressions) is also indicated by anisokyria. According to E.S. Velkhover and B.V. Vershinin, anisocoria occurs in practically healthy individuals in 19% of cases, in patients with somatic diseases - in 37%, in individuals with CNS pathology - in 50-91% of cases. Moreover, in the vast majority of somatic patients and healthy people, the right pupil is wider than the left one.

Currently, the difference in the facial expressions of the right and left halves of the face is explained by the fact that the right and left hemispheres of the brain perform different functions. This was especially clearly proved in the 50s of the twentieth century by American researchers who achieved success in the treatment of continuously occurring seizures of epilepsy by separating the right and left hemispheres of the brain through surgery - the destruction of the bridge between the hemispheres (corpus callosum). Such an operation was performed on several patients, really alleviated their suffering and at the same time led to the largest discovery, awarded the Nobel Prize in 1980. It was received by R. Sperry.

Although the connections between the two hemispheres of the brain were broken, the person ate, performed daily activities, walked and talked with other people without serious visible deviations in behavior. True, several observations made shortly after the operation were alarming: one patient complained that he behaved strangely with his wife and was unable to control his behavior - while his right hand hugs his wife, his left hand pushes her away. Another patient drew attention to the strange behavior of his left hand before visiting the doctor: while with the help of his right hand he dressed and put himself in order, the left hand tried to unbutton and take off his clothes. Then it was noted that the right hand could not redraw the simplest geometric shapes, it could not put together simple constructions from cubes, it could not find simple household items by touch. The left hand perfectly coped with all these tasks, but could not write, even very clumsily, a single word.

Thus, the right hemisphere, which controls the left hand, in all actions, with the exception of writing, was superior to the left hemisphere. But on the other hand, the function of speech, except for writing, turned out to be inaccessible to the right hemisphere. The right hemisphere was significantly superior to the left in the ability to navigate in space, in the perception of music, the recognition of complex images that cannot be decomposed into simple components - in particular, in the recognition of human faces and emotional expressions on these faces.

In this regard, the following study is of interest. A group of architects were hooked up to electroencephalographs (EEGs). The architects received a task in which it was necessary to perform an arithmetic calculation.

The EEG showed an increase in the activity of the left hemisphere, and when it was necessary to complete the project of the facade of the building, the activity of the right hemisphere increased. Consequently, there are differences in the functions of the right and left hemispheres (functional asymmetry of the brain). The function of the left hemisphere is the operation of verbal-sign information (logical operations, reading, counting). The function of the right hemisphere is the operation of visual images (object recognition, imaginative thinking, intuition).

At present, a large number of experimental and clinical data have been accumulated on the different roles of the cerebral hemispheres in the regulation of mental abilities and emotions. The study of the functions of the left and right hemispheres revealed the existence of an emotional asymmetry of the brain, which manifests itself, among other things, in facial expressions. According to V.L. Deglin, a temporary shutdown of the left hemisphere by an electroconvulsive electric shock causes a shift in the emotional sphere of the “right hemisphere person” towards negative emotions. His mood worsens, he pessimistically assesses his position, complains of feeling unwell. Turning off the right hemisphere causes the opposite effect - an improvement in the emotional state. T.A. Dobrokhotov and N.N. Bragin found that patients with lesions in the left hemisphere are anxious and preoccupied. Right-sided defeat is combined with frivolity, carelessness. The emotional state of complacency, irresponsibility, carelessness that occurs under the influence of alcohol is associated with its predominant effect on the right hemisphere of the brain.

For a harmonious combination of a person with the surrounding world, there must be a consistency of intuition and logic, spirit and mind, in which a person with his logic (function of the left hemisphere) can realize his intuition, images (function of the right hemisphere). From a psychological point of view, the harmony of a person corresponds to the degree of his psychological protection from life shocks and illnesses.

Consequently, the most complex mimic reactions, reflecting the subconscious and conscious reactivity of the corresponding centers of the brain, can be carried out only if there are various anatomical and physiological connections between all the central and peripheral components of this integral system, carried out by neuroconductors, both somatic and autonomic parts of the nervous system. In contrast to the somatic fibers of the facial nerve, most of which cross in the brain stem and when the cortical centers are damaged, heterolateral paralysis of the mimic muscles of the lower part of the face develops, emotional reactions associated with the autonomic nervous system, in relation to the cerebral hemispheres, are mainly manifested homolaterally.

The part of the motor nucleus of the facial nerve that innervates the mimic muscles of the upper part of the face (frontal, circular muscle of the eye) has cortical innervation from both hemispheres of the brain. In contrast, the lower part of the nucleus, which innervates the lower facial muscles, receives cortical innervation mainly from the opposite precentral gyrus. Therefore, when the precentral gyrus is damaged on the opposite side, paresis of the facial muscles of the lower part of the face occurs, but the function of the facial muscles of the upper part of the face, which have bilateral cortical innervation, is not disturbed.

Thus, the state of the right hemisphere is reflected on the right half of the face, and the left hemisphere - on the left. This is especially important for the eyes. Until now, it was believed that the state of the two hemispheres of the human brain is reflected on his face "crosswise" - the left hemisphere on the right side of the face, and the right hemisphere on the left side of the face. This circumstance did not allow scientists to develop an adequate method for testing psychotypes. Therefore, for example, the "James Express Test" is not reliable and has not been successfully applied in practice.

In healthy people, the facial expressions of the left side of the face reflect the emotional state to a greater extent than the facial expressions of the right half. A more pronounced manifestation of the emotions of the left half of the face is confirmed in special model experiments, in which it was shown that emotions are more recognized in photographs made up of the two left halves of the face. To determine the mental state, we use the method of video-computer diagnostics. With the help of a video camera, the computer builds two new human faces. One portrait is made from the right halves of the face (spiritual, genetic portrait), the other from the left (life, social portrait).

On the "genetic portrait" one can see the determination, readiness for action of this person, and on the "social portrait" - fatigue, depression, which is manifested by the drooping of the corners of the eyes, eyebrows, etc. Further, these portraits are compared in a computer according to a special algorithm, and according to this program, the computer assigns this person to one of 49 psychological types and gives out a percentage of a complete personal characteristic, professional characteristic and recommendations for harmonizing the personality, changing lifestyle, effective interaction with other people , the surrounding world.

Video-computer diagnostics, along with questionnaires, is used to determine the mental state of somatic patients (bronchial asthma, arterial hypertension, peptic ulcer, etc.), for more effective treatment of these patients, taking into account the mental status (anxiety, depression).

With the help of this method, psychophysical self-regulation of a person can occur based on visual biofeedback. If a person looks at these two portraits of himself, then he begins to realize his subconscious (repressed from consciousness) feelings. As a result of this biofeedback, the emotions in the two portraits become positive and even out. Practically at the same time, the stabilization of mental processes occurs, the alignment of the intuitive and logical abilities of a person, the degree of harmony of the individual increases. At the same time, the face and eyes become more symmetrical, psychosomatic disorders decrease, the process of rejuvenation occurs (if aging occurs prematurely), the person returns to his life program, to himself.

One of the significant advantages of this method is the ability to study a person in the past. The study of early photographs, starting from early childhood, makes it possible to identify periods of mental trauma and the dynamics of the development of disorders. During psycho-correction, with the help of portraits synthesized from early photographs, the best of the previous states is restored.

All the features and properties of the human soul are expressed in the body: facial features, posture, facial expressions and gestures. You can learn to define them only in a complex way: by understanding the psyche and observing its external manifestations. How to do it?

And yet he lies! He tries to hide his excitement, but gestures and facial expressions will always betray a person. Look how the eyes are running, the fingers are drumming on the table. Although no, the next moment he looks directly into my eyes. And such a sincere, open look, penetrates right into the soul ... Believe him or not? Maybe I'm completely misunderstanding the meaning of his facial expressions ...

How to stop being nervous when communicating with people? Learn to read a person like an open book! So that not a shadow of doubt remains about what his true intentions, thoughts and feelings are. They say that there is a way to accurately judge the character and behavior of a person - by his gestures and facial expressions. It's like reading people by appearances. I'm not doing well so far. Maybe there is a way to become a professional in this matter?

How to understand a person by facial expressions and gestures: the road of trial and error

In an attempt to understand how to read a person by gestures and facial expressions, people have created a whole science - physiognomy. How convenient it would be to penetrate the secrets of the human soul through facial expressions and gestures that are noticeable and understandable to everyone! And how easy it would be to understand the psychology of people. Externally, we want:

    recognize false information through understanding people's gestures and their meaning,

    get a transcript of a person's facial features,

    to learn by facial expressions and gestures to determine the state of the interlocutor, to determine the hidden emotions of a person in a conversation.

Unfortunately, our attempts to determine the psychology of a person and the deep motives of his actions with the help of gestures and facial expressions often fail.

The owner of a high forehead turns out to be not a great genius, but an arrogant windbag. The one who squinted, looking at you with obvious disbelief, in fact, simply forgot his glasses at home. A colleague who nervously taps his foot and fiddles with his tie is not trying to “sit” you, but is simply late for something. So read books on human psychology after that ...

So do gestures and facial expressions matter in psychology? Maybe we just misunderstand something in body language and gestures? Didn't exercise enough?

Gestures and facial expressions in human psychology - secondary signs of mental properties

Facial expressions and gestures really matter, they really reflect the inner state of a person. But deciphering them is a secondary tool. It is possible to effectively apply the analysis of facial expressions and gestures only on the basis of accurate knowledge about the structure of the human psyche. Otherwise, you will constantly be at a loss as to why a person is now combing his nose, for example? Is he lying or doubting, embarrassed or remembering? Or maybe the truth itches, and the secret language of gestures and facial expressions has nothing to do with it at all?

Training System-Vector Psychology by Yuri Burlan offers a different approach to how to understand the psychology of people. She explains that the human body and soul are indeed inextricably linked. All the features and properties of the human soul are expressed in the body: facial features, posture, facial expressions and gestures. You can learn to define them only in a complex way: by understanding the psyche and observing its external manifestations. Understanding human psychology - behavior, facial expressions and gestures are observed as clarifying details. How to do it?

We read human gestures and facial expressions systematically

Let's look at simple examples. Before us is a person with a skin vector. What can be said about the psychology of this person and how is this expressed in behavior and gestures?

By nature, he is given the following properties:

    mobility and focus

    competitiveness and high ambition,

    striving for property and social superiority is a natural earner.

His psyche is flexible and adaptive, able to quickly adapt to changes in the environment.

The human body, its gestures and facial expressions are fully consistent with psychology. The body of the skinner is slender, mobile, flexible. Both men and women with a skin vector literally "tackle" in the crowd without colliding with anyone. If a skin person is sufficiently realized in his properties (military man, athlete, middle manager) - he is organized and smart, dexterous and accurate - not a single extra movement. The gestures of such a person and their meaning can really say a lot about him.

However, a person with the same properties in a state of stress or with a lack of social realization looks completely different.


From his body language and gestures, you can see that he literally "flickers":

    spinning, tapping fingers on the table,

    shakes or taps his foot,

    alternately clutching at one thing, then another, unable to bring anything to the end,

    in a state of irritation, his characteristic gesture is to wag his finger.

Can we characterize the psychology of this person by such gestures and facial expressions? Determine if he is capable of destructive actions against us?

It turns out that external signs alone are not enough. Facial expressions matter, but we need accurate systemic diagnostics, an understanding of the psyche from the inside, in order to understand exactly who is in front of us?

    Option 1. This is a developed skinner. The head of a serious company or a professional military man, an engineer or a technologist, a professional athlete. In a situation of severe stress, he can demonstrate the gestures and facial expressions described above. The reason may be a serious collapse of his ambitions (did not get a promotion in his career, “failed” the competition). However, a skinner with this level of development will not lie at every turn or rob you.

    Option 2. Human behavior, his gestures and facial expressions outwardly look the same. However, deep systemic recognition from the inside allows you to see that the skin in front of you is not sufficiently developed. Due to childhood psychological trauma and/or adverse circumstances, he did not learn to realize his natural properties in society. Then instead of a "getter", he remains undeveloped, just a thief, prone to stealing to one degree or another. And such a person can lie "without blinking an eye" - if it is beneficial to him.

Therefore, without knowledge of human psychology only by behavior and gestures, people make erroneous judgments.

Human gestures and facial expressions with anal vector

Quite different gestures and facial expressions can be traced in the psychology of the carriers of the anal vector. These are by nature sedentary, assiduous, scrupulous people. They have thoroughness and attention to detail, a phenomenal memory. Potentially, these are the best teachers, they are striving to transfer experience and knowledge. Perfectionists, people of quality who want to correct the slightest mistake or inaccuracy.

Nature gives them a body, facial expressions and gestures that perfectly match the aspirations of the psyche. These are stocky, overweight people who prefer a sedentary lifestyle.

A developed and realized person with an anal vector:

    Carefulness in work and the desire to correct the mistake make him a professional.

    Has an open, honest face. His facial and body language is not difficult to read. These are people who are incapable of lying by nature.

    A wonderful father and husband (the main value of the owner of the anal vector is family and children).

    A grateful person who treats people in general with respect.

However, when the carrier of the anal vector is under severe stress or lack of development and implementation, we see a completely different picture:

    the ability to teach becomes the desire to teach everyone and everything,

    thoroughness in details is expressed in the fact that a person notices and emphasizes the mistakes and imperfections of others, criticizes,

    honesty is expressed in the fact that he "cuts the truth-womb" in the face, without thinking about causing pain to others,

    instead of gratitude, a person is fixated on grievances and the fact that he was “not given enough” of something,

    in the language of gestures and facial expressions of such a person, reproach and reproach are read: a heavy look from under the brows, a characteristic gesture - a threat with a fist.

Is it possible to recognize the intentions of such a person by gestures and facial expressions? Predict his behavior, understand how dangerous he is for you? Only external signs (facial expressions and gestures) will not give anything. But with a deep, systemic recognition of a person, you will know exactly who is in front of you:

    Option 1. This is a developed owner of the anal vector. Professional in his field, teacher, analyst or critic, scientist. His stress is temporary and can be caused by social or sexual frustrations.

    Option 2. Before you is a person who has not received sufficient development of his properties. Then he can be a life-long critic and "scumbag". Moreover: it is anal men who have a propensity for violent crimes. Understanding the laws of the psyche allows you to recognize such people not by gestures, but by all their manifestations at a glance. After all, human psychology is primary, and gestures, facial expressions and even behavior are only a consequence.

In each of the vectors of the human psyche (there are eight in total) there is a whole palette of states, degrees of development and realization. And the external manifestations of these states, in addition to facial expressions and gestures, give a voice, a person's face, his words and, of course, his actions. To determine all this, you do not need to walk around with multi-volume books on human psychology and read them on the go. There is a much easier way.

Facial expressions and gestures are secondary

Gestures and facial expressions in human behavior are secondary. They are only the “outer facade” of the recesses of our soul. Today there is a way to any state of people. For those who have mastered this, there is no secret in how to read another person and understand everything about him:

If you want not only to understand emotions, body language and facial expressions of a person, but also to read his psyche like an open book, you can start with Yuri Burlan's System Vector Psychology.

The article was written based on the materials of the training " System-Vector Psychology»

Mimic - what is it? A vestige inherited from our ancestors, or an effective way of communication? And how does a person learn different facial expressions? It's time to talk about the mysteries of facial expressions.

What is facial expression

According to the medical encyclopedia, facial expressions are “expressive movements of the facial muscles that correspond to various mental states.” But what lies behind this ornate formulation?

Human facial expressions are a unique phenomenon. In almost all animals, the muzzle does not have a large number of specific expressions of emotions, for example, even in chimpanzees, the animal closest in structure to humans, there are only eight facial expressions.

In humans, the number of facial expressions cannot be accurately counted and depends on the cultural background and qualities of each individual. Surprise, fear, anger, joy, a smile, a wink - all this a person can do with the help of facial expressions. However, facial expressions can be interpreted differently in different cultures and countries. Without facial expressions, a person would not be able to socialize, since non-verbal communication plays a huge role in everyday communication.
"When a comparatively low-ranking chimpanzee expresses submission to a higher-ranking chimpanzee, he uses facial expressions reminiscent of a smiling/laughing human."

Types of facial expressions

Facial expressions were studied by the famous Leonardo da Vinci, who was the first to associate stable facial expressions with movements of the muscles of the face, observing older people whose wrinkles clearly showed the frequency of repetition of the same facial expressions. However, only hundreds of years later, studies of facial expressions managed to clear and separate from the dominant scientific doctrine of physiognomy, which supposedly explains the character of a person by his facial features. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian scientist I.A. Sikorsky makes a classification of facial expressions that is still relevant: the muscles around the eyes are responsible for the expression of mental phenomena, around the mouth - for the expression of acts of will, and all the muscles of the face express feelings.

In addition to unconscious facial expressions, which are acquired by a person when interacting with other people, there are also conscious ones - for example, deliberately trained facial expressions of actors, and false - when a person tries to mislead his interlocutor with the help of certain facial expressions.

The evolutionary necessity of facial expressions

Since facial expressions still remain necessary for a person, this means that in the past it contributed to his survival as a species. Charles Darwin was one of the first to become interested in the evolutionary significance of human facial expressions. The scientist believed that all emotions had an adaptive value, which means that facial expressions were the outer side of emotions, extremely important for social interaction.

In other words, according to Darwin, facial expressions are just the vestiges of those movements that our ancestors needed to survive. Later, science revised this theory and criticized it: for example, the German anatomist of the late 19th century, Theodor Piderit, believed that the muscles of the face alleviate emotional stress and promote correct perception. For example, when we need to look closely at something, we open our eyes wider - which is useful and from the point of view of the need to see something better. Then these movements also became socially significant: by opening our eyes wide, we show the interlocutor that we are attentive to him.
In the future, researchers paid much attention to the problem of the formation of basic facial expressions. In 2011, scientists managed to discover that human facial expressions occur long before birth. While in the womb, the baby is already able to move facial muscles, smile, raise eyebrows in surprise or frown.

Non-verbal communication

Poker players often use a special trick - they hide their emotions under an impenetrable mask of a detached facial expression, which protects against unnecessary conclusions of the opponent. Hide your emotions and not show facial expressions - these are the most important goals of card players.

However, ordinary people cannot control their facial expressions around the clock, and emotions betray much of what we would like to hide. The expressions of our faces, as well as gestures, gait features and some other human properties are usually called components of non-verbal communication, communication that occurs without words. Some scientists believe that up to 90% of all information that the human brain reads when communicating is non-verbal. With the help of facial expressions, you can learn a lot about a person: when we get to know people, we evaluate them not only by clothes, but also by facial expressions.

The main facial expressions are familiar to us from childhood: a person shows surprise by opening his mouth and raising his eyebrows, and fear by stretching his lips with the corners down. Anger is expressed with the help of wide-open squinted eyes and clenched teeth, happiness - with a calm look and raised corners of the lips. As we can see, in a person's facial expressions one can see not only some specific affect, smile, laughter or grimace of pain, but also a deep emotional experience.

Rules of lies

However, many psychological studies aimed at studying the phenomenon of lies are devoted to the analysis of small and seemingly insignificant facial movements and gestures. Psychologists confirm the existence of some common points, possibly confirming the dishonesty of the speaker: a person can often show some kind of facial expression for no reason, nervously, and his eyes can run around. Excessive concentration, unnaturalness, can also lead to thoughts of a lie: in such cases, a person’s smile is asymmetrical and tense, and the muscles around the eyes do not tense during a false smile. The general tension of all facial muscles, a stony face, can also betray a liar.

A person's gaze is a special expression of facial expressions - and with the help of an analysis of eye movements, a lot can be said about his character. If a person blinks frequently, and his pupils dilate for no reason, he is most likely lying. Micro-eye movements that a person does not control are also important: looking to the left means processing information, and looking to the right means designing. So if your interlocutor constantly looks sideways to the right during a conversation, you can suspect something is wrong.

However, psychologists ask not to rush to conclusions - in order to analyze “false” facial expressions, you need to compare them with those typical for a particular person. Remembering all the external signs, it is worth remembering that facial expressions depend not only on the internal intentions of a person, but also on the environment, both natural and social. Maybe the atypical facial expression was borrowed by the interlocutor from a charismatic friend, and the nervous twitching of the eyes was just a search for the right person in the crowd.

Darina Kataeva

Who has not had a desire to understand what his interlocutor is thinking? Is he deceiving you? How does he really feel about your opinion? How I would like to find answers to these questions, because then we would know in advance whether to trust this person and what can be expected from him. However, everyone has such an amazing opportunity if you know the secrets of micromimicry. With it, you will understand how to learn to read people's minds in the face!

Secrets of micro facial expressions

Girl's different facial expressions

To learn how to read people's thoughts in the face, you need to understand how a person's facial expressions and his consciousness are connected. Micromimicry is an emotional reaction of a person, which finds its manifestation in the slightest movements of our face. The study of this relationship is engaged in non-verbal psychology. According to her theory, there is verbal communication, that is, real, and there is non-verbal communication - without the use of language, but with the help of facial expressions, gestures and voice intonation.

A person's thoughts and facial expressions are inextricably linked, moreover, facial muscle contraction occurs both voluntarily and involuntarily, so sometimes we are not able to fully control our emotions, which are clearly visible on the face. Your ability to read the thoughts and feelings of the interlocutor and the effectiveness of your communication depends on good knowledge and practice. You should be especially careful when facial expressions do not correspond to the words of a person, because this already indicates the slightest manifestation of a lie.

There is nothing supernatural or psychic about understanding a person's thoughts. Muscles around the eyes, cheeks, wrinkles near the nose, lips are clues through which you can understand the true attitude of another person to ongoing events. With the help of such facial clues, we recognize 7 main types of emotions.

Happiness

A person experiencing joy and satisfaction will not hide his feelings. The language of facial expressions indicates his feelings. The corners of the mouth rise, the nasolabial folds stretch to the cheeks, and wrinkles form. It is easy to recognize this emotion of a person, but sometimes doubts arise if a person has, but at the same time, his eyes say the opposite.

Astonishment

Sincere surprise is expressed in the involuntary raising of the eyebrows, the expansion of the eyes and the opening of the mouth, while the lips form an oval. Surprise is the easiest emotion to fake. However, there are secrets with which you will understand how new and amazing the thought you have uttered is. Note the wrinkles on the forehead and the appearance of glitter around the pupil of the eyes. They also indicate the sincerity of the interlocutor.

Anger

One of the most unpleasant emotions that people find most difficult to hide. The main indicators of anger are folds between the eyebrows, wide nostrils, raised extreme corners of the eyebrows, narrowing and eye strain. Pay special attention to the mouth: it is either tightly closed, as if constrained, or open, but the lips are in the shape of a square, and the jaw is pushed forward.

Disgust

If the interlocutor or the situation itself, his narrowed eyes, raised cheeks, swollen nostrils and wrinkled nose will testify to this. The upper lip involuntarily rises up, as if twisted. Eyebrows droop down in disgust.

Fear

The manifestation of even the slightest fear is evidenced by eyebrows that are raised, but do not bend. They are more horizontal. The eyes open wider than usual, but there is no sparkle in them, unlike surprise. Additional clues to the presence of fear are flared nostrils and a parted mouth.

Sadness

When a person is frustrated, their eyebrows remain flat but droop down along with the skin above the eyes. The lips are compressed, the corners of the mouth go down, the lower lip moves forward and inflates.

Contempt

Contempt is indicated either by a stare, or from top to bottom. The mouth and lips are in the same position, they are constrained, but at the same time a half-smile appears. Eyebrows, eyes and wrinkles do not change position.

How to recognize a lie by facial expressions?

Scientists have proven that there are two neural connections in the brain that are responsible for micromimics. When these connections begin to "fight", as a result of which a discrepancy of emotions appears. A special role in identifying deception is played by the connection of gestures and facial expressions.

  • Looking to the side. Averting eyes indicates a person’s lack of interest in the events around him or the desire to hide information. Sometimes the opposite reaction appears - a closer look into the eyes. Such a reaction occurs when a person knows that it is not recommended to look away when deceiving.
  • Nervous lip biting. Such a movement indicates the anxiety of the interlocutor or the desire to lie.
  • Frequent blinking. This reaction is a consequence of an unexpected question or a stressful situation, from which one way out is to get out and lie.
  • Instant nose touches. Scientists say that during a lie, the nose begins to itch, so the deceiver wipes it with a sharp movement.

How to apply knowledge of micromimics?

Given that each emotion manifests differently, remembering all the features is not so easy. Practice and patience play a big role. Remember the expressions of one emotion, and look for its manifestations in the eyes of your interlocutor. To comprehend this science, you can even practice on a close friend or loved one. Watching him, draw a conclusion, and then ask if you were right in your judgments.

If you want to understand a person's thoughts, start with the elementary: look into his eyes! It is this part of our face that is the mirror of the soul. It is almost impossible to fake a sparkle in the eyes, so they testify to a person’s attitude to the events around him.

Don't forget the connection that the person is showing. The presence of sincere emotion is manifested in the complete harmony of these non-verbal signs. If there is an imbalance, this indicates the manifestation of a lie.

Possible mistakes:

  • Thoughts that you can understand the emotions of any person. There are people who know how to control themselves and their every movement. Often these are "gamblers" or chess players, whose success directly depends on restraint and self-control.
  • Generalization. Do not forget about the mentality, culture and nationality of a person. It is difficult to make a German smile, but this does not mean insincerity, while Americans cannot calmly react to a “stony expression” on their faces.
  • Jumping to conclusions on just one emotion. Each person is individual, therefore, before making conclusions, it is recommended to get to know the person closer.
  • Recognition of a person's thoughts is used when communicating with an unfamiliar person, with a teenage child, a boss or subordinates, and with the opposite sex. In these situations, it is extremely important to know what the interlocutor is thinking!
December 29, 2013

What do you pay attention to when making the first impression of a person? Various options come to mind: clothes, physique, voice timbre, behavior and ... face. Yes, people hold their eyes on it for the longest time. Facial features are a kind of calling card and give out a complete set of a person's character. Some will doubt this until they remember that the face is made of muscles. And frequently used muscles leave an imprint of lived emotions and feelings on the face.

The face will tell not only about the character - it will reveal the truth if there is a reason to doubt the veracity; will convey real emotions with hypocrisy and, most importantly, the face will not deceive, unlike words. Psychology has made great strides in this direction. Now everyone has the opportunity to develop the ability to understand the non-verbal language of a person.

To learn how to read facial and body signals, first find the answer to the questions - what is facial expressions and how is it related to speech. There is a lot of information on the network on this topic, but not all of it is truthful and exhaustive. In this case, it is better to take lessons from professionals in the field of psychology, so as not to put aside useless garbage in your memory.

It is worth paying attention to the German management coach - Vera Birkenbeel. She has made strides in the field of brain research and has developed lessons from her research.

Her book The Language of Intonation, Mimicry and Gestures was compiled over several years, where Birkenbeel voiced the results of observations and experiments with facial expressions and gestures. Therefore, the book gives a detailed description of the processes that occur with the face and body when a person experiences emotions.

Birkenbeel refers to the definition of facial expressions changes that occur on the face, including psychosomatics, head movement, gaze direction and posture.

In an easy and understandable way, the author lays the foundation for understanding body language: the book is built in the form of a question and answer game. Certain information is given, and then tasks for consolidation. Vera Birkenbeel describes the types of emotions, and then offers to choose a family photo and read the emotions of all family members. So with the help of this book, it will be much easier for beginners to step further and find out what secrets psychology hides.

Facial expressions and gestures in communication

The language of gestures and facial expressions is complex, so one book is not enough to understand it correctly. Often the expression of emotions is mixed - at one moment there is a signal of anger, then joy, and after a second of surprise. So, highlighting a specific emotion, it remains only to guess what the person really felt. Therefore, after studying the basics, you need to learn how to combine all human signals into one.

Consider the main facial emotions that are often present in a conversation:

  • Astonishment. Is a sudden and short emotion. Few people know that surprise is neutral, it does not relate to the definition of joy or sadness. The fact is that a person is affected by the following emotion, which replaces surprise in a split second.

Signs: Emotion affects three parts of the face and differs in external features. The eyes open wide, while the lower eyelid remains relaxed. The lips are slightly parted, and the eyebrows are raised high. Restrained people express surprise only with eyebrows with a neutral face.

  • Fear. A vividly experienced negative emotion that causes changes in the human body. The skin turns pale and covered with sweat, the pulse increases sharply, and the hands tremble. This emotion binds a person and it is difficult for him to move. Fear is draining from the inside, so it cannot be experienced for a long time.

Signs: Eyes open and tense. The lower eyelid is slightly pulled up. The eyebrows are raised, but not as much as in the case of surprise. The lips are tense, and the corners of the lips go down. If only the eyes speak of fear, then the fear is weak or controlled.

  • Disgust. People experience this emotion in different ways. In one, it will cause nausea, and the second will only slightly twist the face. Often disgust is experienced along with anger. Anger appears at something or someone for causing disgust.

Signs: Disgust is mainly transmitted by the nose and mouth - the upper lip is lifted, which leads to a wrinkling of the nose. With strong disgust, the mouth opens, sharply indicating the nasolabial folds and tense cheeks.

  • Anger. Refers to dangerous emotions, because it provokes harm. During outbursts of anger, this emotion overrides the mind, and a person does things that he later regrets. Also, anger affects the somatic processes of the body - the skin turns red, veins stand out on the face and neck, and the body leans towards the offender. The duration of anger depends on self-control. The stronger the internal control, the less time it will take to recover.

Symptoms: Usually all parts of the face are involved. The eyebrows move and form wrinkles on the forehead. The eyes may be squinted or wide open. The mouth is either tightly compressed or tense, as if a person wants to scream.

  • Joy. A positive emotion that people experience pleasure. The meaning of joy is different for everyone and is caused in four cases: Pleasant sensations; relief; improvement; excitation.

Signs: The lips are stretched and the corners are turned up. The cheeks are tense, the nasolabial folds are clearly marked, and wrinkles are formed on the temples.

  • Disappointment. It is caused by three reasons - disappointment, loss and a sense of hopelessness. Runs passively. The face turns pale, the shoulders droop, the head hangs down on the chest, and the lips and cheeks sag under their own gravity. The effect of grief or sadness can last from a few minutes to several years.

Signs: The inner corners of the eyebrows are raised, the eyelids are relaxed, the corners of the mouth are turned down or tremble.

Some human emotions can be intertwined with each other and form mixed. For example, anger can appear simultaneously with sadness and disgust. Then you should pay attention to facial expressions and gestures that appeared last.

Depending on the sincerity of these emotions, there are types of facial expressions:

  • involuntary (caused reflexively);
  • arbitrary (conscious or as an element of art).

Gestures and facial expressions of a man in love

A person who shows sympathy changes facial expressions, gestures, intonations, posture and movement. A man himself does not understand his non-verbal signals of sympathy, but the female nature is very susceptible to them, so the woman is the first to figure out what these signals mean.

  • When a man is next to an attractive woman, his body unconsciously turns in her direction. He wants to look better, so he smoothes his hair, adjusts his watch, adjusts his tie, or brushes non-existent dust particles from his clothes.
  • One of the most striking gestures of sympathy is putting your thumb behind the belt of your trousers to give meaning to your gender. He also emphasizes physical strength in front of a woman, due to the space occupied - he keeps his hands on his hips or stretches his legs forward.
  • In conversation, his intonation will become lower and chestier, and eye contact will increase. Sympathy will also affect facial expressions. A man will smile more often, sometimes even tensely, his eyes will open wider and his lips will open slightly.

Women's psychology is much more complex, so she uses more enticing tricks, ranging from fixing her hair to wiggling her hips and intimate looks.

The series "Lie to me"

For such fans, the scientific series Lie to Me was filmed, based on the research of Professor Paul Ekman. This series is a complex work, where the key thread is the psychology of people and the disclosure of crimes, through the reading of facial expressions and gestures. If you read Paul Ekman's book on Lie Theory, you can better understand what certain points that characterize the series mean.

The main character is sure that the definition of a lie is visible in every person. Based on subtle signs - facial expressions, intonation and gestures, the doctor and assistants help in police investigations. They analyze what the posture, rapid breathing and heart rate say. The series clearly shows what human psychology hides and how to calculate a lie, with the help of careful observation.

The ability to understand facial expressions and gestures will change your life. You will improve relationships with colleagues, become closer to relatives. Learn to distinguish the truth from lies and achieve success on the career ladder. Surprisingly, one in three people do not attach importance to these skills.

Moreover, there are a lot of ways to get information - books, magazines, the Internet, films, documentaries and even TV shows. You don't have to make sacrifices to make life better - open a new page in the book and life will open a new page for you!