Youth and youth policy. Characteristics of youth as a social group What is characteristic of youth as a social group

Aggressive amateur performance

It is based on the most primitive ideas about the hierarchy of values based on the cult of persons. Primitivism, visibility of self-affirmation. Popular among teenagers and young people with a minimum level of intellectual and cultural development.

Outrageous (fr. epater - to amaze, surprise) amateur performance

It is based on a challenge to norms, canons, rules, opinions both in everyday, material forms of life - clothing, hair, and in spiritual ones - art, science. “Challenge” aggression on yourself from other people so that you are “noticeable” (punk style, etc.)

Alternative amateur performance

It is based on the development of alternative behavioral patterns that are systemically contradictory to generally accepted models of behavior, which become an end in itself (hippies, Hare Krishnas, etc.)

Social initiative

Aimed at solving specific social problems (environmental movements, movements for the revival and preservation of cultural and historical heritage, etc.)

Political amateur performance

Aimed at changing the political system and the political situation in accordance with the ideas of a particular group

The acceleration of the pace of development of society causes an increase in the role of young people in public life. Involving in social relations, young people modify them and, under the influence of the transformed conditions, improve themselves.

ethnic communities

In ancient times, people lived a closed life - each group (genus, tribe) had its own area of \u200b\u200bdwelling, its occupations, special insignia, its own language, its own beliefs. All others were considered enemies, and therefore there were constant clashes. Gradually, the situation changed - tribal unions and other associations of different groups appeared. At the same time, the special features of the former groups remained. Thus, the interaction of ethnic groups appeared.
ethnic group- a group of people who have special ethnic, that is, cultural, linguistic or racial features, who are united by a full or partial common origin and who themselves are aware of their involvement in a common group. Assimilated and perceived ethnic differences - language, culture, religion, racial traits are inherited. As a rule, numerous ethnic groups live in modern states.
Characteristic feature of an ethnic group- that its members classify themselves as a separate group that has its own culture, which they strive to preserve in every way. There are 4 mandatory criteria for assigning an individual to a particular ethnic group: self-determination (assigning oneself to an ethnic group, the individual's own desire to belong to it, to classify himself as a member of a group), the presence of family ties, cultural characteristics, the presence of a social organization for internal contacts and for interaction with others.
Thus, an ethnic group can be characterized as an association of people who have common cultural, linguistic, religious or racial features, are characterized by a common origin and are aware of their involvement in a single group.
The main feature of such groups is to distinguish themselves from the surrounding people, understanding the characteristics of their culture and striving to preserve it by all means. Most scientists identify three main types of ethnic communities that existed in the history of mankind: tribes, peoples and nations.
Studying the history of the ancient world, you often heard about clans and tribes . The clan was an association of blood relatives with a common origin, a common place of settlement, a single language, common customs and beliefs.
The next step in bringing people together There was a tribe - an association of several clans. Exactly tribes are considered historically the first ethnic association. Each of them had a special myth about its origin, showing originality and dissimilarity to other tribes. Many traced their ancestry from animal ancestors and tried in every possible way to resemble them - in dances they tried to repeat the habits and movements of sacred animals, painted themselves like tigers, bears or snakes. This emphasized their own position in the world around them. Now there are almost no tribes left in the world - they have survived only in some parts of Africa, on the Pacific islands, in the forests of South America. Their life remains the same as it was thousands of years ago, from generation to generation the ideas of ancestors about the world, traditions, way of life, manners of behavior are passed on. Representatives of these tribes have never seen cities, modern cars, they know nothing about television and cinema. Scientists study the surviving tribes and draw conclusions about what life was like in ancient times.
With the emergence of states, tribes began to turn into nationalities - larger communities with the unity of language, territory, economic and cultural ties. They often formed one state, but they themselves still remained rather disunited, because a subsistence economy dominated, in which each village produced everything necessary for life and had little need to establish trade relations. Not all nationalities could survive to this day - the fate of the Scythians, Etruscans, Assyrians, Khazars and many others is mysterious. And yet most of them have become nations and exist in the modern world.
Nations are understood as a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common origin, a common culture, living together and close communication with each other. The most important thing in the formation of nations are well-established relationships - economic, political, cultural and interpersonal. Historically, they appeared with the spread of trade relations. Historians attribute the formation of many of the European nations to the 16th-17th centuries. These groups are also characterized by the presence of their own national idea, which is understood as their answers to questions about the origin of the people, the meaning of its existence, its place in the world, relations with neighbors, features of uniqueness and features of the national character.
The community of the nation is expressed in a special national culture.

Interethnic relations

In the modern world, no nation can live in complete isolation and necessarily enter into interethnic relations, establish economic, political, ideological, cultural, legal, diplomatic and other ties. They can be stable (permanent) and unstable (periodic), based on competition and cooperation, equal and unequal. However, it is not always possible without conflicts. Usually their causes are territorial disputes, historical tensions, oppression of small nations and peoples, the use of national feelings by individual political leaders to create a tense situation, the desire of individual peoples to leave a multinational state and create their own (otherwise it is called separatism).
There are enough examples of national conflicts in the world - the crisis and many years of bloody war in the former Yugoslavia, territorial disputes between the republics of the former Soviet Union, separatist sentiments in Northern Ireland and the Canadian province of Quebec, wars between Central African states and so on.
These conflicts are based on ideas about the special role of their group in society, which have been characteristic of many peoples since ancient times. Let us give an example from one Indian myth: “To complete the arrangement of the world, God fashioned three human figures from dough and put them in an oven. After a while, burning with impatience, he took out the first little man from the stove, whose appearance was too bright and not very pleasant. It was "unbaked" inside as well. A little later, God got the second one, it was a success - it was beautifully brown on the outside and “ripe” inside. With joy God made him the founder of the Indian race. Well, the third one during this time was very burnt and turned completely black. The first of the baked little men became the founder of the white family, and the last of the black ones. Such an approach, in its extreme forms, leads to the conclusion that certain people, according to their biological racial qualities, are supposedly initially more gifted and talented, both physically and mentally, and therefore more capable of leading and managing.
A position of ethnic superiority results in discrimination- reduction or deprivation of rights and freedoms for a certain group of the population. In everyday life, this is expressed by the prohibition of visiting certain restaurants, beaches, cinemas or urban areas; in the industrial sphere - a ban on professions, the inaccessibility of education, the impossibility of a successful career; in psychological terms - offensive nicknames, ridicule, jokes about the "underdeveloped" people, etc. In extreme cases, minorities live separately in special settlements, marry within their group. Such a separation system existed for a long time in South Africa (South Africa), where the black population was isolated and deprived of most rights.
The 20th century gave many examples of inciting passions on national grounds. Nazi Germany adopted racist ideas about the superiority of one group of people over all others and the existence of a special race Aryans - the chosen people, who should rule the whole world. The implementation of this idea led to the desire to completely destroy the Jews, Gypsies, Poles, and to subjugate others to the "true Aryans." The external parameters of the superior race were even determined - a certain hair color, physique, eye shape, face shape, etc. It is curious that neither Hitler nor many of his associates themselves fit these parameters.
Now there are many neo-Nazi parties and movements that use nationalist ideas to increase their authority and popularity. Who does not want to hear that he is the best in the world, the most intelligent and noble, has the only true religion, has a heroic history, and his ancestors dominated other people? Similar ideas are used at rallies and preached in the press. The newly-minted leaders declare unfair oppression from the side of "strangers" and the need to "put things in order" by force, for which special combat units are created. Usually, the less a person has an internal culture, the easier it is to convince him of special exclusivity and the presence of enemies that prevent it from manifesting itself. The people behind all this strive for power, fame and popularity, for personal enrichment through pogroms. Behind their visible feelings about the fate of the nation are pronounced personal interests. It was, is, and probably still will be. How long? Much depends on the citizens themselves - as long as there is a painful national pride and a desire to lay responsibility for their personal failures on internal or external enemies, ethnic contradictions and hostility between peoples will remain.

Humanity is trying to solve this problem. There are various organizations dealing with issues of interaction between peoples - the United Nations, the League of Arab States, the Organization of African Unity, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and others. Many conflicts were stopped thanks to their assistance or with the direct intervention of these organizations.
A reasonable solution to national problems is possible only with a combination of two main trends in the development of national relations - differentiation(the desire of the people for independence, the preservation and development of national culture, economy, politics) and integration(close cooperation, exchange of cultural values, overcoming alienation and maintaining mutually beneficial contacts). The diversity of national cultures should not lead to their isolation, and the rapprochement of nations does not mean the disappearance of differences between them.
When solving interethnic conflicts, it is necessary to observe the following humanistic principles:
- rejection of violence and coercion;
- search for consent (consensus);
- recognition of human rights and freedoms as the most important principle;
- willingness to peacefully resolve disputes.

Causes of interethnic conflicts:

Socio-economic - inequality in the standard of living, different representation in prestigious professions, social strata, authorities.

Cultural-linguistic - insufficient, from the point of view of an ethnic minority, the use of its language and culture in public life.

Ethno-demographic - a rapid change in the ratio of the number of peoples in contact due to migration and differences in the level of natural population growth.

Environmental - deterioration of the quality of the environment as a result of its pollution or depletion of natural resources due to the use of representatives of a different ethnic group.

Extraterritorial - non-coincidence of state or administrative borders with the boundaries of the settlement of peoples.

Historical - past relationships between peoples (wars, the former ratio of domination-subordination, etc.).

Confessional - due to belonging to different religions and confessions, differences in the level of modern religiosity of the population.

Cultural - from the peculiarities of everyday behavior to the specifics of the political culture of the people.

Social science. Full course of preparation for the Unified State Examination Shemakhanova Irina Albertovna

3.3. Youth as a social group

The youth - 1) a socio-demographic group, identified on the basis of a combination of age characteristics (approximately from 14 to 30 years old), characteristics of social status and certain socio-psychological qualities; 2) the most active, mobile and dynamic part of the population, free from stereotypes and prejudices of previous years and possessing the following socio-psychological qualities: mental instability; internal inconsistency; low level of tolerance; the desire to stand out, to be different from the rest; the existence of a specific youth subculture.

Features of the social status of youth: transitivity of the position; high level of mobility; mastering new social roles (worker, student, citizen, family man) associated with a change in status; active search for one's place in life; favorable professional and career prospects.

* From the point of view of the leading types of activity, the period of youth coincides with the completion of education (learning activities) and entry into working life (labor activity).

* From the point of view of psychology, youth is the period of finding one's own Self, the assertion of a person as an individual, unique personality; the process of finding one's own special path to achieve success and happiness. Awareness of mistakes shapes his own experience.

* From the position of law, youth is the time of the onset of civil adulthood (in Russia - 18 years). An adult person receives full legal capacity, i.e. the opportunity to enjoy all the rights of a citizen (voting rights, the right to enter into legal marriage, etc.) At the same time, a young person assumes certain responsibilities (observance of laws, paying taxes, caring for disabled family members , protection of the Fatherland, etc.).

* From a general philosophical point of view, youth can be seen as a time of opportunity, a time of striving for the future. From this position, youth is a period of instability, change, criticality, a constant search for novelty. The interests of the young lie in a different plane than the interests of the older generations: young people, as a rule, do not want to obey traditions and customs - they want to transform the world, to establish their innovative values.

Main problems of youth

- in social structure the situation of young people is characterized by transition and instability;

– economic forces most influence the situation of young people (young people are not financially well off, they do not have their own housing, they are forced to rely on the financial assistance of their parents, lack of experience and knowledge prevents them from obtaining highly paid positions, wages for young people are much lower than the average wage, student scholarships are also small). In a situation of economic recession, the number of unemployed among the youth increases sharply, and it becomes increasingly difficult for young people to achieve a state of economic independence.

– spiritual factors: the process of loss of moral guidelines, erosion of traditional norms and values is intensifying. Youth, as a transitional and unstable social group, is most vulnerable to the negative trends of our time. Thus, the values of labor, freedom, democracy, interethnic tolerance are gradually being leveled, and these “obsolete” values are being replaced by a consumer attitude towards the world, intolerance towards strangers, and herding. The protest charge characteristic of young people in times of crisis is distorted, acquiring cruel and aggressive forms. At the same time, there is an avalanche-like criminalization of young people, the number of young people with social deviations, such as alcoholism, drug addiction, and prostitution, is growing.

– the problem of fathers and children" associated with the conflict of values between young people and the older generation. Generation- this is an objectively emerging socio-demographic and cultural-historical community of people united by age and common historical living conditions.

informal groups characterized the following signs: emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in the specific conditions of the social situation; self-organization and independence from official structures; obligatory for the participants and different from the accepted in society models of behavior, which are aimed at self-affirmation, giving social status, gaining security and prestigious self-esteem; relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members; expression of other value orientations or worldview, stereotypes of behavior that are uncharacteristic of society as a whole; attributes that emphasize belonging to a given community.

Classification of youth groups and movements (depending on the characteristics of youth amateur performances)

1) Aggressive activity: is based on the most primitive ideas about the hierarchy of values based on the cult of persons.

2) Outrageous amateur performance: is based on a challenge to norms, canons, rules, opinions both in everyday, material forms of life - clothing, hairstyle, and in spiritual ones - art, science (punk style, etc.).

3) Alternative activities: is based on the development of alternative behavioral patterns that are systemically contrary to generally accepted ones, which become an end in itself (hippies, Hare Krishnas, etc.).

4) Social initiative: is aimed at solving specific social problems (environmental movements, movements for the revival and preservation of cultural and historical heritage, etc.).

5) Political activity: aimed at changing the political system and the political situation in accordance with the ideas of a particular group.

Youth policy is a system of state priorities and measures aimed at creating conditions and opportunities for successful socialization and effective self-realization of young people. The goal of the state youth policy - comprehensive development of the potential of young people, which should contribute to the achievement of long-term goals - the social, economic, cultural development of the country, ensuring its international competitiveness and strengthening national security.

Main directions of youth policy

- involvement of young people in public life, informing them about potential development opportunities;

– development of creative activity of youth, support of talented youth;

– integration of young people who find themselves in a difficult life situation into a full life.

This text is an introductory piece. From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (MO) of the author TSB

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The youth - this is a socio-demographic group, distinguished on the basis of a combination of age characteristics (approximately from 16 to 25 years 7), characteristics of social status and certain socio-psychological qualities.

Youth is a period of choosing a profession and one's place in life, developing a worldview and life values, choosing a life partner, creating a family, achieving economic independence and socially responsible behavior.

Youth is a certain phase, stage of the human life cycle and is biologically universal.

Features of the social status of youth

- Transition of the position.

– High level of mobility.

- Mastering new social roles (employee, student, citizen, family man) associated with a change in status.

- Active search for your place in life.

- Favorable professional and career prospects.

Young people are the most active, mobile and dynamic part of the population, free from stereotypes and prejudices of previous years and possessing the following socio-psychological qualities: mental instability; internal inconsistency; low level of tolerance (from lat. tolerantia - patience); the desire to stand out, to be different from the rest; the existence of a specific youth subculture.

It is typical for young people to unite in informal groups, which are characterized by the following features:

- emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in the specific conditions of the social situation;

– self-organization and independence from official structures;

- obligatory for participants and different from typical, accepted in society, models of behavior that are aimed at the realization of vital needs that are not satisfied in ordinary forms (they are aimed at self-affirmation, giving social status, gaining security and prestigious self-esteem);

- relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members;

- expression of other value orientations or even worldview, stereotypes of behavior that are uncharacteristic of society as a whole;

- an attribute that emphasizes belonging to a given community.

Youth groups and movements can be classified depending on the characteristics of youth initiatives.

Job Sample

A1. Choose the correct answer. Are the following judgments about the psychological characteristics of young people correct?

A. For a teenager, first of all, external events, actions, friends are important.

B. In adolescence, the inner world of a person, the discovery of one's own "I", becomes more important.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are correct

4) both judgments are wrong

Answer: 3.

Topic 13. Ethnic communities

Modern humanity is a complex ethnic structure, including several thousand ethnic communities (nations, nationalities, tribes, ethnic groups, etc.), differing both in numbers and in the level of development. All ethnic communities of the world are part of more than two hundred countries. Therefore, most modern states are polyethnic. For example, several hundred ethnic communities live in India, and there are 200 peoples in Nigeria. The Russian Federation currently includes more than a hundred ethnic groups, including about 30 nations.

ethnic community - it is a stable set of people (tribe, nationality, nation, people) that has historically developed in a certain territory, having common features and stable features of culture, language, mental make-up, self-awareness and historical memory, as well as awareness of their interests and goals, their unity, difference from other similar entities.

There are different approaches to understanding the essence of ethnic groups.

Types of ethnic communities

Genus - a group of blood relatives leading their origin along the same line (maternal or paternal) 9 .

Tribe - a set of genera, interconnected by common features of culture, awareness of a common origin, as well as a common dialect, the unity of religious ideas, rituals.

Nationality - a historically established community of people, united by a common territory, language, mental warehouse, culture.

Nation - a historically established community of people, characterized by developed economic ties, a common territory and a common language, culture, ethnic identity.

In sociology, the concept is widely used ethnic minorities , which includes more than just quantitative data.

The features of an ethnic minority are as follows:

- its representatives are in a disadvantageous position compared to other ethnic groups due to discrimination(belittling, belittling, infringement) on the part of other ethnic groups;

- its members experience a certain sense of group solidarity, "belonging to a single whole";

– it is usually to some extent physically and socially isolated from the rest of society.

The natural prerequisite for the formation of one or another ethnic group was community of territory because it created the necessary conditions for the joint activities of people. However, in the future, when the ethnos has formed, this feature loses its main significance and may be completely absent. So, some ethnic groups and in the conditions diaspora(from Gr. diaspora - dispersion) retained their identity, not having a single territory.

Another important condition for the formation of an ethnos is common language. But even this sign cannot be considered universal, since in a number of cases (for example, the USA), an ethnos is formed in the course of the development of economic, political and other ties, and common languages are the result of this process.

A more stable sign of an ethnic community is the unity of such components of spiritual culture as values , norms and patterns of behavior, as well as related socio-psychological characteristics of consciousness and behavior of people.

An integrative indicator of the existing socio-ethnic community is ethnic identity - a sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group, awareness of one's unity and difference from other ethnic groups.

An important role in the development of ethnic self-consciousness is played by ideas about a common origin, history, historical destinies, as well as traditions, customs, rituals, folklore, i.e. such elements of culture that are passed down from generation to generation and form a specific ethnic culture.

Thanks to ethnic self-awareness, a person keenly feels the interests of his people, compares them with the interests of other peoples, the world community. Awareness of ethnic interests induces a person to activities in the process of which they are realized.

Note two sides national interests:

– it is necessary to preserve its peculiarity, originality in the flow of human history, the uniqueness of its culture, language, strive for population growth, ensuring a sufficient level of economic development;

- it is necessary not to psychologically fence off from other nations and peoples, not to turn state borders into an "iron curtain", one should enrich one's culture with contacts, borrowings from other cultures.

Ethno-national communities develop from a clan, tribe, nation, reaching the level of a nation-state.

A derivative of the concept of "nation" is the term nationality, which is used in Russian as the name of a person's belonging to any ethnic group.

Many modern researchers consider a classic inter-ethnic nation, in which general civil qualities come to the fore, and at the same time, the features of the ethnic groups included in it are preserved - language, their own culture, traditions, and customs.

Interethnic, civil nation is an a set (community) of citizens of a state. Some scientists believe that the formation of such a nation means the "end of the nation" in the ethnic dimension. Others, recognizing the nation-state, believe that it is necessary to talk not about the "end of the nation", but about its new qualitative state.

Job Sample

B6. Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps. “The concepts of “__________” (1) and “ethnos” are similar, therefore their definitions are similar. Recently, the term “ethnos” (more precisely) has been increasingly used in ethnography, sociology and political science. There are three types of ethnos. For __________ (2) the main reason for uniting people into one __________ (3) is blood and family ties and a common ___________ (4) With the emergence of states, __________ (5) appear, consisting of people connected to each other not by blood relationship, but by economic and cultural relations territorially During the period of bourgeois socio-economic relations, __________ (6) is formed - an ethno-social organism, united by cultural, linguistic, historical, territorial-political ties and having, according to the English historian D. Hosking, "a common sense of fate" ".

The words in the list are given in the nominative case, singular. Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap with words. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

A) origin

B) community

E) nationality

G) nationality

I) diaspora

The table below shows the pass numbers. Write under each number the letter corresponding to the word you have chosen.

Transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer sheet.

Answer: DBVAEG.

Transition of position.

High level of mobility.

Mastering new social roles (worker, student, citizen, family man) associated with a change in status.

Active search for your place in life.

Favorable professional and career prospects.

Problems of socialization of youth.

A sharp reaction to all the shortcomings of society

Increasing crime among the younger generation

Deterioration of the level and quality of life

Economic insecurity of young scientists

Social vulnerability of youth in the sphere of work

Youth subcultures

Separate social groups are characterized by special features of consciousness, behavior, and lifestyle. They create their own cultural niche - subculture. Sub in Latin is “under”, i.e. in meaning it contains a shade of subordination (subculture, deviation from culture).

Youth subculture has:

With your tongue; special fashion; art and style.

Its carriers are most often informal teenage groups.

The reasons for the wide spread of youth subculture in modern society:

In a subcultural community, a teenager gets the opportunity to belong to a select group of peers, which is a reference for him, a unifying feeling of “we” arises, which increases the level of psychological significance of everyone, gives a certain guarantee (or its illusion) of independence and protection from society;

Subculture allows a young person to better feel and show the independence of his "I";

Helps a teenager to get rid of the painful experiences caused by the conflict with the outside world of adults, with the dominant culture in society.

Young people are encouraged to create a subculture:

- Internal loneliness; - Protest against lies; - Isolation from elders;

The need for friends; - Distrust of adults; - Escape from the cruelty of the world;

Conflicts at school and at home; - Power over others; - Opposition to the official society;

Escape from social reality or rejection of it; - Desire to find emotional support.

Types of youth subcultures

According to the specifics of the behavior of group members, there are:

1. prosocial - groups that do not pose a threat to society, are positive and help;

2. antisocial - carry criticism of any foundations of society, but this confrontation is not extreme;

3. antisocial - not only criticize the social order and foundations, but also seek to crush them.

In Soviet times, our grandparents, fathers and mothers were involved in official youth organizations. This was required by the ideology.

By type of hobbies:

Musical- subcultures based on fans of various genres of music:

Goths (subculture) - fans of gothic rock, gothic metal.

Metalheads are fans of heavy metal. - Punks are fans of punk rock.

Rastas are fans of reggae. - Rappers are fans of rap and hip-hop.

Subcultures based on literature, cinema, animation, games and more:

Otaku - anime fans - Roleplayers - roleplay fans

Bikers are motorcycle lovers - Furries are fans of anthropomorphic creatures.

Image- subcultures distinguished by style in clothes and behavior:

Cyber Goths - Mods - Hipsters - Freaks - Glamor

Political and ideological- subcultures distinguished by public beliefs:

Antifa - Hippies - Yuppies

Expand the concepts of "legal consciousness" and "legal culture". Highlight the factors influencing the legal culture of a teenager.

legal consciousness – it is a set of ideas and feelings that express the attitude of people, social communities to the current or desired law.

STRUCTURE OF LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS

1. Legal psychology corresponds to the empirical, everyday level of social consciousness, which is formed as a result of everyday human practice of both individuals and social groups. The content of legal psychology is the feelings, emotions, experiences, moods, habits, stereotypes that people have in connection with the existing legal norms and the practice of their implementation.

2. Legal ideology– it is a set of legal ideas, theories, views that reflect and evaluate legal reality in a conceptual, systematized form.

TYPES OF LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS

Ordinary legal consciousness – mass representations of people, their emotions, moods about law and legality. These feelings arise under the influence of the immediate conditions of people's lives, their practical experience.

Professional legal awareness – concepts, ideas, ideas, beliefs, traditions, stereotypes that are formed among professional lawyers. Unfortunately, the professional consciousness of lawyers is characterized by both distortions and deformations (“accusatory” or “acquittal” bias, bureaucracy)

Scientific legal consciousness – ideas, concepts, views, expressing a systematic, theoretical development of law. The carriers and generators of this type of reflection of legal phenomena are legal scholars, who, as a rule, work in specialized research institutes of a legal profile.

legal culture - the totality of all values created by man in the legal sphere, as well as the knowledge and understanding of these values and action in accordance with them.

STRUCTURE OF LEGAL CULTURE

1. psychological element(legal psychology);

2. ideological element(legal ideology);

3. Legal behavior(legally significant behavior, implementation of the law).

Legal culture reflects the qualitative state of the legal life of society and transmits the relevant legal values from generation to generation.

The legal culture of the individual depends on the following indicators:

§ knowledge and understanding of law;

§ respect for the law by virtue of personal conviction;

§ ability to use the right;

§ subordination of one's behavior to the requirements of the rule of law.

TYPES OF LEGAL CULTURE

Legal culture of society is determined by the level of legal awareness and legal activity of society, the degree of progressiveness and effectiveness of legal norms.

Legal culture of a social group can vary greatly depending on the nature of the group. It is higher in social groups that unite people with higher or secondary specialized education, pensioners, law enforcement officers, employees of the state apparatus.

Legal culture of the individual is formed primarily by the education that a person receives, and the way of life that he leads. In addition to legal education, the legal culture of the individual implies the ability and skills to use the law, the subordination of one's behavior to the requirements of legal norms.

Factors affecting the legal culture of a teenager:

Many factors influence the formation of the legal culture of a minor child:

1. Education in the family (starting from birth), when an understanding of good and evil is laid.

2. Preschool education / upbringing (in kindergarten) - the first prohibitions, the experience of socialization.

3. School education / upbringing - compliance with the charter of the school, daily routine, traffic rules, etc.

4. Lessons in law - assimilation of legal terminology, experience in working with documents, analysis of situations

5. Intimate environment (relatives, acquaintances, friends) an example of compliance / non-compliance with laws

6. Street (socialization experience, deviant behavior and its consequences, influence of social groups)

7. Mass media (especially TV and Internet) - disseminated principles, creating patterns of behavior

8. State policy (legal measures, implementation of democratic principles).

9. The work of law enforcement agencies (observance of the principle of punishability, equality before the law)

10. Self-education - reading special literature, analyzing situations and life experience.

11. Economic situation (standard of living of the population, availability of the benefits of civilization, etc.)

12. Age characteristics of the personality of a teenager.

Theme 12. Youth as a social group

The youth- this is a socio-demographic group, distinguished on the basis of a combination of age characteristics (approximately from 16 to 25 years), characteristics of social status and certain socio-psychological qualities.

Youth is a certain phase, stage of the human life cycle and is biologically universal.

- Transition of the position.

– High level of mobility.

- Mastering new social roles (employee, student, citizen, family man) associated with a change in status.

- Active search for your place in life.

- Favorable professional and career prospects.

It is typical for young people to unite in informal groups, which are characterized by the following features:

- emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in the specific conditions of the social situation;

– self-organization and independence from official structures;

- relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members;

- expression of other value orientations or even worldview, stereotypes of behavior that are uncharacteristic of society as a whole;

- an attribute that emphasizes belonging to a given community.

Youth groups and movements can be classified depending on the characteristics of youth initiatives.

Job Sample

A1. Choose the correct answer. Are the following judgments about the psychological characteristics of young people correct?

A. For a teenager, first of all, external events, actions, friends are important.

B. In adolescence, the inner world of a person, the discovery of one's own "I", becomes more important.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are correct

4) both judgments are wrong