Fitter way work schedule. Why did you choose this job? Determination of the necessary time for rest during physical work in the warm season, depending on the intensity of train traffic
APPROVE
Deputy Head
Department of the way and
structures of the Ministry of Railways of Russia
V.N. Ermakov
October 2, 2000
Introduction
One of the reasons for the increase in occupational injuries is fatigue resulting from the performance of work with insufficient time for rest.
A prerequisite for the development of fatigue may be the deterioration of the thermal state of a person, which depends on the severity of the work performed and the ambient temperature. The harder the work and the higher the air temperature, the faster the fatigue develops.
The development of rational modes of work and rest for track fitters is an urgent task. This category of workers is characterized by the performance of work in the open air, when trains are in motion; among them there is a high level of industrial injuries in railway transport.
Currently, there are documents on determining the necessary rest time depending on the severity of labor and temperature conditions, in particular, Methodological recommendations for determining the necessary rest time during physical work in conditions of comfortable, elevated and high air temperatures (1980). However, they present generalized data, without taking into account the specifics of the work of track fitters, especially during the movement of trains.
This document assesses the majority of track work in terms of severity, sets out the work and rest regimes for track fitters, depending on the severity of work, climatic conditions and train traffic.
1. Purpose and scope
1.1. This Regulation on the regime of work and rest for track fitters in the production of track work, depending on the intensity of train traffic, provides for the determination of time for rest depending on the severity of the work performed, the outside air temperature and the intensity of train traffic.
1.2. The regulation on the mode of work and rest is intended for the administration of the HR and PMS, centers for sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, and raters.
1.3. The regulation should be used by the administration of the HR and PMS to calculate the required rest time for specific types of track work and in the development of technically justified travel time standards to take into account work on the current maintenance of the track.
2. General provisions
2.1. The administration of the enterprise must create appropriate conditions for the safe performance of work, the introduction of mechanization, advanced safe technologies in order to reduce the amount of hard and very hard work.
2.2. When planning and distributing tasks, scopes of work and scheduling the technological process, it is necessary to take into account the regulations for the implementation of all safety measures in accordance with the current rules and instructions.
2.3. The administration of enterprises is obliged to provide employees with the necessary time for rest.
2.4. Rest time should be included in working time.
2.5. In accordance with the intersectoral guidelines "Determining the standards of time for rest and personal needs" (1982), track fitters, regardless of the type of work, must allocate 10 minutes for personal needs (wash, drink, visit the toilet, etc.). Where public areas are remote, the time for personal needs increases to 15 minutes per shift.
3. Determination of the necessary time for rest during physical work in the warm season, depending on the intensity of train traffic
3.1. According to experimental data, the required time for rest at air temperatures not higher than +25 ° C should be 2 minutes for light work, 5 minutes for moderate work, 12 minutes for hard work, and 24 minutes for very hard work for each hour of working time. (The distribution of work by severity category is presented in the appendix to this Regulation).
3.2. The necessary rest time at air temperatures above + 25 ° C should be 3 minutes for light work, 9 minutes for moderate work, 20 minutes for hard work, and 35 minutes for very hard work for each hour of working time.
3.3. During the approach of the train to the place of work, fitters must remove the tool and get off the track to the nearest side of the subgrade at a distance of at least 2 m from the outermost rail in accordance with the Standard Instructions for Labor Protection for Track Fitters.
3.4. The time the track fitters spend on the roadside when the train passes is a forced rest time.
3.5. The time of forced rest for track fitters when passing one train is taken on average 1 minute, when passing two trains - 2 minutes, etc.
3.6. The time of forced rest is taken into account when calculating the physiologically necessary time for rest when performing physical work.
3.7. When performing light work and the number of trains from one or more per hour, when working of moderate severity at an air temperature not higher than +25 ° C and the number of trains from three or more per hour at an air temperature above + 25 ° C and the number of trains from five and more per hour, as well as when performing hard work at an air temperature not higher than +25 ° C and the number of trains from nine or more per hour, the necessary rest time is compensated by forced rest when trains are missed.
3.8. With a traffic intensity of more than 12 trains per hour, the calculation of the time for rest is not required, since the performance of heavy and very heavy work is inefficient and life-threatening, and when performing light and moderate work, forced rest is sufficient due to skipping trains. Therefore, the calculation of the necessary time for rest should be started with the intensity of 12 trains per hour or less.
3.9. The necessary time for rest when performing physical work, depending on the intensity of train traffic, is presented in Table 3.1.
3.10. The necessary rest time should be provided for light work at the end of each hour of work, for medium, heavy and very hard work, rest time should be distributed evenly, i.e. at the end of each half hour, provide half of the rest time due for each hour of work. For example, when performing hard work at an air temperature above + 25 ° C, in the absence of trains, 20 minutes of rest are required. In this case, you should alternate 20-minute periods of work with 10-minute rest breaks for each hour of working time.
Table 3.1
Outdoor temperature | ||||||
air, °С | Missing | 1-2 trains | 3-4 trains | 5-8 trains | 9-12 trains |
|
Very heavy | ||||||
Notes. 1. The performance of heavy and especially heavy work, requiring about 50% of the working time for rest in the warm season, it is advisable to transfer to a cooler time of the day.
2. Performing work at an air temperature of +35°С and above and a relative humidity of 100%, as well as at an air temperature of +45°С and above and any humidity is hazardous to health and life and may be allowed with special permission from the health authorities (intersectoral guidelines "Determination of time standards for rest and personal needs" Research Institute of Labor of the State Committee of the USSR on Labor and Social Issues, Moscow, 1982).
4. Determination of the necessary time for rest during physical work in the cold season, depending on the intensity of train traffic
4.1. In the cold season, the necessary time for rest should be 2 minutes for light work, 5 minutes for moderate work, 12 minutes for hard work, and 24 minutes for very hard work for each hour of working time.
4.2. During the cold period of the year, when performing work outdoors, time should be provided for heating to restore the heat balance of the body of workers in accordance with the Guidelines for taking into account the regulatory requirements of the scientific organization of labor in the design of new and reconstruction of existing railway transport enterprises, the development of technological processes and equipment of the Ministry of Railways USSR (approved 12/28/79).
4.3. If the wind speed is up to 5 m/s and the outside air temperature is above -15°C, no heating time is allowed, only the necessary rest time is taken into account.
4.4. At a wind speed of up to 5 m/s and an air temperature of -15...-35°С or at a wind speed of more than 5 m/s and an air temperature of -5...-35°С when performing light work, work of medium severity and heavy time of the necessary rest is less than the necessary time for heating and therefore it is included in the time for heating; When doing very heavy work, the time required for heating is less than the required rest time and it is included in the rest time.
4.5. At wind speeds up to 5 m/s, the time for rest and heating should correspond to the values given in Table 4.1.
4.6. When the wind speed is more than 5 m/s, the time for rest and heating should correspond to the values given in Table 4.2.
Table 4.1
Outdoor temperature | Rest time, min, per hour of working time with the number of passing trains per hour |
|||||
air, °С | Absence | |||||
Medium | ||||||
Very heavy | ||||||
(heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) |
||
(heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) |
||
(heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) |
|||
Very heavy | ||||||
[rest (of which 10 for heating)] | [rest (of which 10 for heating)] | [rest (of which 10 for heating)] | [rest (of which 10 for heating)] | [rest (of which 10 for heating)] |
||
Table 4.2
Outdoor temperature | Rest time, min, per hour of working time with the number of passing trains per hour |
|||||
air, °С | Lack of trains | 1-2 trains | 3-4 trains | 5-8 trains | 9-12 trains |
|
(heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) |
||
Medium | ||||||
(heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) |
||
[rest (of which 10 for heating)] | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) |
||
Very heavy | ||||||
[rest (of which 10 for heating)] | [rest (of which 10 for heating)] | [rest (of which 10 for heating)] | [rest (of which 10 for heating)] | [rest (of which 10 for heating)] |
||
(heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) |
||
Medium | ||||||
(heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) |
||
(heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) | (heating) |
||
Very heavy | ||||||
[rest (of which 15 for heating)] | [rest (of which 15 for heating)] | (heating) | (heating) |
|||
Notes. 1. At an air temperature of -25°С and below and a wind of 8...10 m/s or a temperature of -30...-40°С and a wind of more than 5 m/s, as well as at an air temperature below -40°С and calm outdoor work is recommended to stop due to the severity of the weather. Certain types of work may be allowed only upon agreement with the health authorities (intersectoral guidelines "Determining the standards for rest time and personal needs" Research Institute of Labor of the USSR State Committee on Labor and Social Affairs, Moscow, 1982).
2. For heating, premises should be provided no further than 150 m from the work front in accordance with the Instruction for the Design of Auxiliary Buildings and Premises of VSN Railway Transport Enterprises.
AGREED
Deputy Chief
state sanitary
railway doctor
Yu.N. Nedomerkov
August 2, 2000
Appendix. Approximate list of track works by severity category
Appendix
light work
1. Measuring work.
2. The work of signalmen.
Medium duty work
1. Adjustment of the track width on the turnout using a turnbuckle.
2. Adjustment of the fit of the blade to the frame rail with the help of adjusting plates.
3. Dobivka crutches.
4. Cleaning the shoes of turnouts from snow (broom).
5. Loading and unloading of rails of all types with a length of 12.5 m by crane of the DGK trolley.
6. Change of butt bolts (single).
7. Fastening of horizontal and vertical bolts on turnouts.
8. Change of butt plates (single).
9. Change of insulating gaskets in the insulating joint.
10. Change of rubber (insulating) pads under the pads when fastening the CB (single).
11. Single change of the wit's earring.
12. Adjusting the width of the rail track for separate fastening according to the template.
13. Transportation of metal parts on a traveling single-rail trolley.
14. Drilling bolt holes in the rails with an electric rail drilling machine.
15. Clearing the turnouts from snow using pneumoblowing.
16. Cleaning of centralized turnouts from dirt and debris.
17. Cleaning the paths from dirt and debris.
18. Numbering of rail links on the way.
19. Coloring of track and signal signs.
20. Coloring the posts at the crossing.
21. Lubrication of turnouts.
22. Cleaning rails and fasteners from dirt and fuel oil.
23. Weeding station tracks from grass.
24. Single change of terminal bolts, screws, crutches.
hard work
1. Straightening the turnout according to the level by tamping the beams with electric sleeper tampers.
2. Change of metal linings with separate bonding (single).
3. Adjustment of butt gaps with a hydraulic spreader.
4. Correction of the track by continuous tamping of the sleepers with electric sleeper tamps.
5. Digging out sleeper boxes up to the soles of the sleepers.
6. Tightening the butt bolt nuts with hand wrenches.
7. Tightening the nuts of the terminal and embedded bolts with socket wrenches.
8. Tighten travel screws with socket wrenches.
9. Change of the frame rail with a sharp point and shoes (half arrows) of the turnout.
10. Carrying crushed stone ballast on a stretcher.
11. Cutting, screening and throwing crushed stone ballast on the way.
12. Replacement of contaminated ballast up to the sole of the sleepers.
13. Change of individual metal parts of the turnout (cross, wit, counter rail, etc.).
14. Altering the rail gauge on the way and at the turnout.
15. Removal of side roll (burrs) from the rails and metal parts of the turnout by rail grinding machines.
16. Cutting rails with an electric rail cutter.
17. Transportation of R65 type rails 12.5 m long by removable gantry cranes.
18. Single change of reinforced concrete sleepers to wooden ones.
19. Change of transfer bars (single) of the turnout.
20. Transportation of wooden sleepers on a travel trolley.
21. Transportation of beams on a traveling trolley.
22. Single rail change.
23. Saw-out of an acutely defective rail.
24. Single change of wooden sleepers.
25. Lubrication of terminal and embedded bolts with their unscrewing and screwing.
26. Laying, replacing or removing heaving pads.
27. Cleaning wooden sleepers from snow.
28. Cleaning the ends of wooden sleepers, beams or intermediate places of the beams from snow.
29. Layout of crushed stone ballast after cutting.
Very hard work
1. Unloading the beams from the gondola car.
2. Stacking old wooden sleepers.
3. Dismantling of the crossing deck.
4. Continuous change of rails.
5. Continuous change of wooden sleepers.
6. Continuous change of wooden beams on turnouts.
7. Continuous change of metal parts of the railroad switch.
1. What is the name of your profession (position)?
My profession is called a track fitter or, in the common people, a traveler.
2. What is your job and what are your responsibilities?
My job is to keep the railroad tracks in working order. My responsibilities include: changing rails, changing sleepers, altering, repairing crosspieces, turning rails, straightening rail threads, straightening sleepers.
3. What education is required to get your position?
To get an education as a track fitter, you need to graduate from a railway technical school or institute.
4. Describe your working day.
My working day runs from 8 am to 5 pm, with a break for lunch from 1 pm to 2 pm.
5. How comfortable are your working conditions (all day outside, or in the office with a cup of coffee)?
The work is difficult - the whole day on the street under the sun.
6. What do you like most about your job?
In my business, I like the result, I am proud of the work done and do not back down in the face of difficulties.
7. What do you dislike most about your job?
I do not like being outside for a long time in any weather: snow, rain, heat.
8. If it's not a secret, what is your salary level (is it enough to write whether you are satisfied or not)?
My salary suits me well.
9. Describe your team, what kind of people work with you?
I have an excellent team, I work with both senior employees and young student interns.
10. What human qualities do you think are most important in your business?
In this work, such qualities as perseverance, diligence and focus on results are important, physical strength is also important.
11. Work gives me additional opportunities (everything that work gives you except money, from self-expression and communication with interesting people to the opportunity to visit different countries).
At work, every year they give me tickets for my family to travel anywhere in Russia.
12. Do you have the opportunity to evaluate your work on a five-point scale, what grade would you give?
I rate this work five, because everything suits me in it, and the little things that are there are not so important.
13. Why did you choose this job?
I chose this job on the advice of my parents, and the railway is big, you can always get a job and it has existed for a long time, so I won’t be left without a job.
14. What are the opportunities for your career development?
There is career growth: at first it is raising the ranks from 2 to 5, then they are promoted to the foreman, then to the foreman, then the senior foreman, then the management staff goes: deputy HR, track engineers, FC.
I would like you to include in the question about vacancies what tools and machines you have to work with. For example, in my work: this is a sledgehammer, crowbar, a paw for pulling out crutches, modernon - a device for moving along rails, sleeper tampers, an autonomous power plant.
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