Morphological features of fur-bearing animals. Ecological groups of animals. Morphophysiological features What are the morphophysiological features of predators
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Poleshchuk Elena Mikhailovna Morphophysiological and biocenotic features of the fox (vulpes vulpes L.) and corsac fox (vulpes corsac L.) and their significance in the circulation of natural focal infections and invasions in the south of Western Siberia: 03.00.08, 03.00.16 Poleshchuk, Elena Mikhailovna Morphophysiological and biocenotic features of the fox ( vulpes vulpes L.) and corsac (vulpes corsac L.) and their significance in the circulation of natural focal infections and invasions in the south of Western Siberia (on the example of the Omsk region): Dis. ... cand. biol. Sciences: 03.00.08, 03.00.16 Omsk, 2005 276 p. RSL OD, 61:06-3/114
Introduction
Chapter 1. Features of the biology of corsac and fox in Western Siberia and the importance of these animals in maintaining natural focal infections and invasions (literature review) 11
Chapter 2. Materials and methods. Brief ecological and faunal characteristics of the study area 56
2.1. Material overview 56
2. 2. Research methods 60
2. 3. Brief ecological and faunal characteristics of the study area 66
2. 4. Brief description of the point of stationary observations 76
Chapter 3
3.1. General features of the exterior, interior and craniology of predators 19
3. 2. Geographical variability of morphophysiological indicators 86
3. 3. Features of morphophysiological indicators in animals of different sexes 91
3. 4. Age variability of exterior, interior and craniological parameters in foxes and corsacs 94
3. 5. The use of craniological indicators for the analysis of the subspecies of predators inhabiting the Omsk region 97
Chapter 4. Features of the ecology of corsac and fox in the Omsk region
4.1. Comparative analysis of the population size and density of fox and corsac fox 99
4. 2. Dynamics of the number of predators 109
4.3. Sex and age structure of populations 118
4. 4. Spatial and ethological structure of predator populations 121
4. 4. 1. Features of the use of topical resources by the fox, corsac and badger 121
4.4. 2. Density of brood shelters of predators 130
4. 4. 3. Types of spatial distribution of predators on the territory of the Steppe Reserve 134
4. 5. Features of animal nutrition 141
4. 6. Biotic connections in (topical). 151
Chapter 5
5.1. Korsak and fox as hosts and distributors of the rabies virus in 2000-2004 161
5. 2. The role of predators in the circulation of other infections and some invasions 176
5.2.1. Infections of foxes and corsacs in the Omsk region 176
5. 2. 2. Invasions of the fox and corsac fox in the Omsk region 183
Conclusions 190
Bibliography 192
Applications 224
Introduction to work
The fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) is the most numerous and widespread species of carnivores of the Canine family, inhabiting the territory of the Omsk region everywhere. Korsak (Vulpes corsac L.) is an endemic of dry steppes, semi-deserts, deserts and dry foothills of Central Eurasia. In the Omsk region, it lives in the steppe zone and the subzone of the southern forest-steppe.
Basic in the study of the characteristics of the biology of these predators are the works of the authors: A. A. Sludsky, A. A. Lazarev (1966), A. A. Lazarev (1967; 1968), V. G. Geptner et al. (1967), A. A. Sludsky (1981), M. A. Weisfeld (1985), G. N. Sidorov (1985) and others. A. Abashkin, 1969; L. A. Barbash, V. V. Shibanov (1979; 1980), V. V. Shibanov (1980; 1986a; 19866; 1989a; 19896).
Interest in the characteristics of the life of these predators, both in Western Siberia and in other regions of the country, was due, first of all, to their importance in the circulation of the rabies virus (Malkov, 1970; 1972; 1973; 1978; Malkov, Gribanova, 1974; 1978; 1980; Malkov and Korsh, 1972; Sidorov et al., 1989; 1990; Sidorov, 1995, etc.). The helminth fauna of these predators has been studied to a much lesser extent (Kadenacii and Sokolov, 1966; 1968).
To date, the morphophysiological features of the fox and corsac of Western Siberia remain unstudied. Morphological and physiological indicators are not used to assess the regional ecological characteristics of predators. The questions of the subspecies of the fox and corsac, inhabiting the south of Western Siberia, remain controversial. In the literature, there is practically no data on the current state of the population, its dynamics, population density of the fox and corsac on the territory of the Omsk region. The sex and age, spatial and ethological structures of populations, nutrition, and biocenotic relationships of these species are still insufficiently studied. The characteristics of infections and invasions of the described predators are most fully covered only in relation to rabies and a number of helminthiases.
The red fox and corsac fox deserve attention as components of the natural community, the role of which is ambiguous in the context of changing regional natural and climatic features and anthropogenic transformation of landscapes.
The relevance of the study was determined by the insufficient knowledge of the biology and biocenology of the fox and corsac on the territory of Western Siberia and the importance of these predators in the circulation of a number of natural focal infections and invasions. In the Omsk region before the start of our work, the biology of predators was not the subject of targeted study. This predetermined the theme of the dissertation research.
The work was carried out within the framework of the implementation of the planned topics of the Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections (NIIPOI), state registration number 01. 200. 112520, and was also supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (AOZ-2.12-610).
Purpose of the study: To identify regional morphophysiological and biocenotic features of the fox and corsac fox and to establish the importance of these animals in the circulation of natural focal infections and invasions in the steppe and forest-steppe of the Omsk region.
To study the morphophysiological features of the fox and corsac, to establish the dependence of exterior, interior and craniological indicators on the characteristics of the ecology of predators. Using craniological indicators, to determine the similarity of the predators of the Omsk region with the subspecies described for the territory of Western Siberia.
To study the current state of abundance and its dynamics, population density, sex and age composition and spatial and ethological structure of populations, nutritional characteristics and biocenotic (topical) relations of the fox and corsac of the steppe and forest-steppe
Omsk region.
3. To study the role of foxes and corsacs in the circulation of a number of natural focal infections and invasions in the study area. Scientific novelty of the work.
For the first time for the south of Western Siberia, a complete analysis of the exterior, interior, craniological indicators of the fox and corsac was carried out. Morphophysiological indicators were used to assess the biological originality of the population of the fox in the Omsk region. With respect to Korsak, this work has not been previously carried out. The current state of the absolute and relative abundance of foxes and corsacs in the territory of the Omsk region is assessed. An analysis of the age and sex structure of fox and corsac populations in the Omsk region was made. For the first time in the region, a pattern was established for the location of various types of shelters relative to each other in the populations of fox and corsac. In the south of Western Siberia, such work has not been carried out before. For the first time in the Omsk region, the features of the use of topical resources by predators were revealed. The type of spatial distribution of fox and corsac populations was studied. The topical relationships of the fox and the corsac fox with each other and with other species of the order of carnivores are revealed. Regional features of fox and corsac feeding have been established. The modern features of the epizootic process in rabies in these animals are revealed. For the first time on the territory of the region, on the basis of serological data, contacts of fox and corsac fox with pathogens of tularemia, pseudotuberculosis, ornithosis, leptospirosis, yersiniosis, listeriosis, tuberculosis were revealed. The fox has specific antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile fever, and the corsac fox has specific antibodies to West Nile fever. For the first time in the south of Western Siberia, the participation of predators in the circulation of ankylostomiasis was determined)